Digital Dialogs (Episode 2 | S5) - Decoding the Physical World: Custom Foundation Models for Real-World Perception

In this episode, Dr. Dimitris Vlitas unveils "Decoding Antiquity," one of the most compelling examples of AI meeting the physical world. In collaboration with the Austrian Academy of Sciences and Mistral AI, his team has produced the world's first multimodal large language model for Ancient Greek, trained on the largest digital corpus of historical Greek ever compiled—over 600 million words spanning ancient, medieval, and early modern periods. With fewer than 12% of the estimated 500,000+ surviving Ancient Greek papyri ever transcribed, and the rest requiring rare specialist expertise to reconstruct from fragmented physical artifacts, this AI system can perceive damaged documents, interpret fragmentary text, and generate the most likely complete versions for scholarly review. Dimitris walks through the extraordinary technical challenges—from curating chronologically distinct training datasets spanning millennia, to designing evaluation processes that combine traditional AI metrics with direct scholar feedback, to the multimodal pipeline that turns a photograph of a two-thousand-year-old papyrus into readable text. The conversation broadens to explore the strategic architecture behind the project: a custom foundation model deployed on Mistral's EU-sovereign platform where background IP remains the client's property and outputs create new, defensible competitive advantage. This episode sets the stage for Season 5 by demonstrating that Physical AI starts with teaching machines to truly see and understand the physical world around us—whether that's an ancient manuscript or a modern factory floor.