เกี่ยวกับตอนนี้
Cloud computing has added speed and flexibility to the IT landscape, but it has also added a layer of complexity that creates additional risks of data breaches and other cybersecurity incidents. In this episode of Compliance Pointers, Alec Harrell, breaks down cloud misconfigurations that are creating unnecessary vulnerabilities for organizations. Watch the entire episode to learn:
• Common cloud security mistakes, including publicly accessible storage, insufficient logging and monitoring, and weak authentication.
• How these misconfigurations jeopardize #compliance with frameworks and regulations like HIPAA, PCI DSS, and ISO.
• Best practices for cloud security
Learn more about common cloud misconfigurations here: https://www.compliancepoint.com/cyber-security/common-cloud-misconfigurations-and-their-compliance-implications/
Learn more about CompliancePoint's cybersecurity services: https://www.compliancepoint.com/
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Welcome to Compliance Pointers, where we take
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an in -depth look into the latest news, trends,
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and challenges surrounding information security,
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privacy, and marketing compliance. Let's dive
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in with your host, Jordan Eisner. All right.
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Here we are, another episode of Compliance Pointers.
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Welcome back to everybody, and welcome back especially
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to you, Alec Harrell. How are you doing, man?
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I'm doing good. Second time on. Second time.
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Okay. Yep. Second time in four years of employment
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as you just shared with me before this Coming
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up on your for your anniversary, but I don't
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think we've been doing the podcast for four years
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Maybe three though. So we're gonna need to keep
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get that rate of Guest appearances on the podcast
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a little higher than you know one every two years
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Sounds good with me. Yeah. Yeah, mainly because
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Like myself you hail from middle, Georgia making
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and I think the world could use more of that.
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Don't you think? I do. I do. Good place to be
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from. I mean, let's see. Who do we share that
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in common with little Richard Otis Redding? Almond
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Brothers Alvin Brothers. Yes, there you go. That's
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about it. As far as I know, yes, Kareem Jackson.
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who played for the Texans and the Broncos. He
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was a pro bowler. Okay. Okay. Yeah. Yeah. I played
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AAU basketball with Kareem Jackson. He went by
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Coco back then. Probably still does, but yeah,
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he played at Westside. Okay. Good basketball
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school. Yeah. Yeah. He was a good basketball
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player, but he's better at football, obviously.
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That's why he played in the NFL. I wonder if
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he would remember me. Probably not. He's probably
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listening. Oh, that's guaranteed. All right.
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Well, today we've got Alec on because he's a
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security consultant on our cybersecurity team
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here. In fact, Alec's worn a few different hats
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at compliance point. He came up on our health
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care group initially working on high trust and
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HIPAA security initiatives and then was poached.
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by our cyber group, started helping support virtual
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CISO engagements and other types of cybersecurity
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security assessments. You started in healthcare
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because you had a past background in healthcare
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and have, dabble is probably not the right word.
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It's much more than that in cloud security. So
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we wanted to talk today about cloud security,
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how a lack. thereof can compromise security initiatives,
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obviously, or security posture, but also compliance
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initiatives around security and privacy. And
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so who better to speak to that than somebody
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that more than dabbles in cloud security has
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worked in frameworks such as high trust or around
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compliance regulations like HIPAA and is actively
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guiding organizations through cybersecurity.
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maturity and posture in that way. So we'll lean
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on you for that and that expertise here. And
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I think we just got a couple quick questions.
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This is meant to be a quick podcast today to
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just talk about cloud security. I think there's
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many depths we could go into, but just a high
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level overview, I would say, of common misconfigurations
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to start. And then how can that jeopardize posture
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and compliance alignment? Yeah. Alec, anything
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you want to add on that or do you want to just
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dive straight into the questions? Let's dive
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in. Okay. So the first one, as I alluded to,
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is what are the most common cloud security misconfigurations
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that you see? And maybe we'll add a why on top
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of that. All right. I would say to start with
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would be publicly accessible storage and really
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inadvertent publicly accessible storage. This
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is when we store data in the cloud, but for whatever
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reason it becomes public inadvertently. This
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could be because DevOps is prioritizing speed
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over security, or this could be some automations
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that we didn't know accidentally make something
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public. That would be the first one. All right.
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That's number two. Number two. Three and four.
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No, I'm just kidding. How many you got there?
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I got three I want to talk about today. The next
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one would be insufficient logging and monitoring.
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Lots of organizations have ways to monitor activity
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in the Cloud, log events and things like that,
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but they're underutilized either because we don't
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have the resources to triage those events or,
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hey, we bought something, we're an enterprise
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organization, we bought it, we secured it, and
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then we never configured it properly. So you
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see that a lot. Then lastly, I would say would
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be authentication weaknesses. So these are going
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to be, wide ranging, but it could be as simple
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as, hey, our password complexity requirements
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are not stringent enough, or we don't use MFA
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everywhere that it's supported, or we have applications
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that don't support MFA, and that still does happen
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here in 2026. Or it could be something more technical
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than that. Maybe we don't do session management
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very well, and so we authenticate in the beginning
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of a session. the time to live doesn't expire
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after somebody logs off or some technical vulnerability
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within the authentication chain. Those would
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be the top three that I see here in consulting
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initiatives, really the biggest one being publicly
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accessible storage. Maybe you said it, but just
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reiterating the event that you did, why do you
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think publicly accessible storage? Is the number
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one issue in such a common issue? Well, because
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there's many ways that it can come about. It
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can be human error, miscellaneous, right? And
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we see that with the Verizon data breach report.
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Every year, misconfigurations and miscellaneous
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issues are within the top two or three. So again,
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it could be an engineer that just accidentally
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made something public or maybe made it public
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during testing, but. never went back and made
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something private. Or it could be technical automation
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that nowadays there's infrastructure as code
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and we can automate a lot of our cloud deployments
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and it gets lost in some of these templates,
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what type of changes maybe we're doing. And so
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again, something becomes public, it's not supposed
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to be public. I see. So one kind of dips into
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two a little bit then, because two, I know you
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said specifically around logging, but you also
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talked more fundamentally about certain capabilities
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within systems or tools or applications that
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these businesses are using, but they're not taking
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advantage of those or they've not configured
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them correctly. And so it seems like that is
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also a little bit of the issue with the public
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facing or access to data from a public standpoint
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where it shouldn't be. Yeah, a lot of this has
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to do with access controls, right? It's data
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and access to systems and services that We maybe
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think we have control over and we have an idea
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of who needs access But the reality is that we
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don't have control over that So yeah, a lot of
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these all three of them I would say have some
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tenant and access control and proper access controls
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so with the authentication and the access control.
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So I think it's common sense, the more sensitive,
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the data that you can access within an organization
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are more confidential, the more authentications,
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not more, but the more scrutiny that there should
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be authentication in place, multi -factor authentication
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around access of that sort of data, logging and
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credentials. What do you do in instances where
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It's not an access control issue, but it's a
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technical issue with application or that's being
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used and it doesn't offer multi -factor authentication.
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What do you tell businesses? Do you accept that
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risk? Is there something you can do technically
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where you can only access it through first doing
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multi -factor authentication and something else
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and then get to it? How's that? Yeah, I would
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say first off, if we can't support multi -factor
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through our own internally implemented application
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or developed application, then trying to use
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a third party identity provider, something like
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an Okta, or being able to tie to Active Directory
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to give us that second factor, even if the way
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that we've developed the application can't support
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multi -factor within the application itself.
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That would be one way to go. But these authentication
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weaknesses that I'm talking about, a lot of them
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have to do with the way that we design authentication.
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Another example might be, yes, we have multi
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-factor. We have a username and password and
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then we have a token right or something that
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is a second factor on our device. But let's say
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our password recovery procedures are not very
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good and so we essentially ask people where they're
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born. And that's a way that you can recover without
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having that second factor that you and I would
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know that we were born in middle Georgia. So
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we would be able to get into the recovery procedure.
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And even though we've implemented MFA, now we
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have a weakness in the chain of authentication.
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Yeah, I'm actually a little bit of a poser in
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that regard, though, because I wasn't born there.
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I was born in Arkansas, of all places, Little
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Rock, Arkansas. And then and then we hopped to
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st. Louis for I Guess several years Didn't come
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to middle, Georgia until 96 So, I don't know
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but it but you know Finished elementary school
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there middle school high school. That's your
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qualifiers where I'm from, right? I think so,
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right? You would have been what seven or eight
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at the time? So yeah, I would I would think so.
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Yeah The roots Yes, I mean, it's certainly not
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Arkansas. I don't think I've been to Arkansas
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since I was, you know, a baby. I would not have
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guessed that. So if I was trying to hack into
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your password recovery, I would not have guessed
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Arkansas or Little Rock. Yeah, Little Rock. OK,
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so you. You tipped into a little bit what we
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would advise around some of those. configurations
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any any other color you want to add on that around
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those three top areas and what we recommend companies
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do first and foremost around those or is it maybe
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not that simple um it's not that simple but i
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really think we should focus on the compliance
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implications of of these right yes yes yes good
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point keep me on track yeah that's your job right
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you're the host but you know A lot of these can
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result in a data breach, whether we've got EPHI
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that is now publicly accessible. And so there's
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a HIPAA violation we're going against, making
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sure that workforce members have appropriate
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access to EPHI. Now that's public, right? So
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that's a reportable breach. There's going to
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be an investigation, potential fines, brand reputational
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damage. Same thing for organizations that have
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to comply with PCI and cardholder data and keeping
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that specific type of data from being publicly
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accessible. Requirement seven and a little bit
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of requirement eight within PCI DSS focuses on
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access control. There's compliance implications
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from a regulatory standpoint if you have that
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type of regulated data. But there's also implications
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on Attestations, accreditations, and assurances
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that you have, and maybe contractual obligations.
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Let's say you're contractually obligated to maintain
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a high -trust certification. Well, making some
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of these cloud misconfigurations happen, or once
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they happen, you can potentially fail an audit,
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and now you're within breach of contract. There's
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wide -ranging, I would say, implications based
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on the type of data. Are you in a regulated industry
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or not? And then what type of contractual obligations
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and compliance certifications do you have? Yeah,
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helpful. So what can businesses do then to ensure
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that they are using cloud services securely?
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The first and foremost thing, and it's not exactly
00:13:17.399 --> 00:13:20.460
cutting edge, but you got to have a set of information
00:13:20.460 --> 00:13:23.440
security policies. You have to inform your workforce
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what management intent for information security
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is and what are the requirements around acceptable
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use of assets, network security, access control,
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third -party risk management, all these types
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of things. Without policies, we can't hold the
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workforce accountable. We can't comply with some
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of these compliance regulations. Really, the
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second part of that is making sure that your
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policies Align to the framework or regulation
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that affects your organization. So if you're
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an ISO shop, you need to have policies that reflect
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the ISO controls, whether it be 27 ,001 or whatever,
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but you need to make sure that those controls
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are present in your policies and the workforce
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knows how they apply to certain topics. Again,
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acceptable use, network security, things of that
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nature. And then I would say, understanding the
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shared responsibility model or matrix for the
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cloud service provider, this often gets lost
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because we think, oh, well, that's AWS' problem
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or that's Microsoft's problem. But generally
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speaking, AWS, Microsoft, Google Cloud, they're
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going to be responsible for the security of the
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cloud, and you're going to be responsible for
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security in the cloud. What data do you put in
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the cloud? Who do you give access to? certain
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types of services and data. So understanding
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that and how it affects the services within the
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cloud provider that you use is very big. Again,
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not cutting edge, but a lot of organizations
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fall flat in this area. Yeah, I was watching
00:15:03.840 --> 00:15:07.580
actually. I see so I know is on a podcast and
00:15:07.580 --> 00:15:09.679
I just saw clipped on LinkedIn and he was talking
00:15:09.679 --> 00:15:13.460
about. How he's built a security program from
00:15:13.460 --> 00:15:19.279
scratch. And he's inherited one. and improved
00:15:19.279 --> 00:15:24.460
it. He said building from scratch was easier,
00:15:25.379 --> 00:15:29.159
but what he really learned from it was you can't
00:15:29.159 --> 00:15:32.580
do it fast. What he meant by that was you have
00:15:32.580 --> 00:15:35.559
to ensure alignment with the business, and business
00:15:35.559 --> 00:15:38.559
objectives, and awareness, and training, and
00:15:38.559 --> 00:15:42.600
basically, A cohesive understanding like why
00:15:42.600 --> 00:15:44.259
we're doing this. So you get the buy in around
00:15:44.259 --> 00:15:46.179
the controls and the system and the setup and
00:15:46.179 --> 00:15:48.240
you're sure right configuration things are right
00:15:48.240 --> 00:15:52.139
in line with the goal. Otherwise, you don't get
00:15:52.139 --> 00:15:54.259
the adoption you need. You don't get the control
00:15:54.259 --> 00:15:58.700
owners. Supporting the initiative and that contaminant.
00:15:58.740 --> 00:16:00.940
So I think that's the fundamental thing there
00:16:00.940 --> 00:16:03.899
that you kind of. Covered and then gave more
00:16:03.899 --> 00:16:07.360
specifics. Yeah, this must have been a pretty
00:16:07.360 --> 00:16:10.480
smart CISO because yeah, if you don't have adoption,
00:16:10.480 --> 00:16:13.559
if you don't publish your requirements, if you
00:16:13.559 --> 00:16:16.080
don't have buy -in, it's not going to be done.
00:16:16.080 --> 00:16:18.799
It's going to be met with resistance. And you're
00:16:18.799 --> 00:16:20.960
right, security is designed to help the business
00:16:20.960 --> 00:16:24.279
function, reduce risk while helping the business
00:16:24.279 --> 00:16:27.240
function. It's no different than, you know, sales
00:16:27.240 --> 00:16:31.019
or HR. If these types of departments are adversarial
00:16:31.019 --> 00:16:33.480
in nature, then you're not going to get adoption.
00:16:33.600 --> 00:16:36.100
You're not going to get buy -in. Ultimately,
00:16:36.259 --> 00:16:38.360
the business is going to suffer because of that.
00:16:39.360 --> 00:16:42.120
There you go. I think it's a good part to end
00:16:42.120 --> 00:16:44.919
on. Well put, Alec. Thanks for joining us again.
00:16:45.039 --> 00:16:49.399
We'll get you on once more sometime before two
00:16:49.399 --> 00:16:52.919
years from now. Okay. Yeah. Sounds good to me.
00:16:53.500 --> 00:16:55.460
All right, man. Stay safe out there in Texas.
00:16:55.799 --> 00:16:59.940
Glad that the ice has cleared up. And for all
00:16:59.940 --> 00:17:02.120
the listeners, thank you again for tuning in.
00:17:02.539 --> 00:17:04.400
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00:17:12.660 --> 00:17:14.660
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