WEBVTT
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Hello, and welcome to the vlogging pod. So, Laura, let's talk block cameras,
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the AI surveillance, privacy, and constitutional rights.
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For everyone who doesn't know, because I'll be honest with you,
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I was kind of in the dark, but I've been seeing it so much across my FYP.
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And Flock cameras are safety cameras that are automated license plate readers.
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They're commonly called ALPRSs or LPRSs.
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They photograph vehicles passing a fixed location and create records containing,
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license plates, time, state, and camera locations.
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Now, FLOT is a system that collects vehicle-related information rather than
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using facial recognition.
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The cameras can record categorized details including license plate numbers, vehicle make,
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vehicle color, body type, and distinguishing features such as roof racks,
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stickers, or visible damage.
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The collected information is placed into a searchable database.
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Police can search for a specific plate or use vehicle characteristics to search
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for a vehicle when a full plate paper is unknown.
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Now, for everyone who may or may not know, how does the artificial intelligence
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use? Well, Flock Market is a system as AI-powered vehicle identification technology.
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The system uses optical character recognition to interpret letters and numbers
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on license plates, computer vision, machines, learning tools,
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categories, vehicle characteristics, and turn images into searchable records.
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The system can generate real-time alerts when the plate matches Informations
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entered into law enforcement databases Or agency watch lists,
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The AI identifiers and categorize the vehicle information.
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Police officers decide whether to stop question or cite or arrest someone based
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on that information and other evidence.
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Now, what information is stored? Well, standard ALPR.
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Generally contains a photograph of the vehicle, the license plate or attempted
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plate reading, the time and date, camera location, and searchable vehicle characteristics.
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So, now, here's the thing. A lot of people believe that flock cameras violate
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their Fourth Amendment.
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Now, for those of us who don't know, the Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable
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government searches and seizures.
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It's also established that warrants must be based on probable cause and describe
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what is being searched or seized.
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Now, a vehicle visible on a public road, well, courts have traditionally ruled
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that a driver does not have the same expectation of privacy in a visible license
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plate as in a home, private, communication, or personal device.
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A police officer may normally observe a vehicle, its collar,
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its plates, while the vehicle is traveling on a public road.
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Courts upholding warrantless ALPR searches have relied on the positions of those
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cameras are recording information already exposed to public view.
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Now, searchable history of someone's movement, well, that's constitutional issues,
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changes, when isolated cameras' observations are collected into a database that
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can reconstruct where a vehicle traveled over time.
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Privacy challenges argue that a network of cameras can reveal where a person
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works, where a person sleeps, medical visits, religious attendance,
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political meetings, relationships, and association patterns of movement.
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The Supreme Court has ruled in other location tracking cases that prolonged
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technological surveillance may require a warrant even when individual movements occurred in public.
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Now, that's important. The reason I say, and then, of course,
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I've cited a few court cases, but there is one particular I want to talk.
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Because there has been a confirmed case in which one woman could prove that
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the flock camera and the police trying to use the flock cameras was wrong.
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And she did prove it. So now, before I get to it, do police currently need a
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warrant? What would you think, Laura?
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I would think so, but...
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This is 2026. we're in different times now different shitty i mean you know
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what i mean it's just a timeline yeah our timeline has rapidly switched i don't
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know where we're at now uh who's writing this book,
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well we're not in those red dresses yet okay there's that there's that um if
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you read you know what we're talking about.
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So there is no single nationwide rule requiring a warrant before every flock
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database search. So no, they don't need a warrant.
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So police departments and many jurisdictions permit officers to search block
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records without obtaining a warrant first.
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Courts have reached different conclusions based on the number of placement of
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cameras, The length of time covered by the search How much of a person's route was revealed,
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The applicable state constitution The federal appeal court governing the jurisdiction,
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A brief search producing a few vehicle images May be treated differently from
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a search Reconstructuring several weeks of travel Now, public notifications.
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The United States Constitution does not require individual notice to every residence
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before an investigation license plate camera is installed.
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There's no general federal law requiring every community to hold a special public
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vote or public hearing specifically for flocked cameras.
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The public notice may occur through city council agendas, township or county
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meetings, police budget approvals, contract approvals, purchasing records, local ordinance.
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Whether formal approval is required depends on the local government contracting
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authority and state open meeting laws.
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Now, some communities have installed flat cameras through administrative or
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police purchasing authority without separate public vote.
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In Troy, New York, cameras were reportedly installed without the city council's
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approval, producing a legal and political dispute between the mayor and the city council.
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So, due process, Kristen, due process applies to the government procedures used
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when a person is accused, cited, detained, or prosecuted.
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A document, excuse me, pressed my wrong button there.
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Due process applies to the government procedures used when a person is accused,
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cited, detained, or prosecuted.
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Documents concerning involvement flock or the ALPR systems include treating
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a flock image as conclusive evidence rather than investigate lead,
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assuming that the rich vehicle owner Andrew was driving,
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failing to compare the suspect visible to another video without the vehicle owner,
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failing to review evidence offered by the accused,
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incorrect plate readings, Similar vehicles being treated as the same vehicle,
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Outdated or stolen vehicle or warranted personal information,
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Officers failing to verify the plate issuing the state A person having to collect
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private videos, GPS records received Or phone records to establish the police
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identify the wrong suspect,
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Difficulty obtaining records showing who searched the database,
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And one thing I can say is that AI is not always right, you know.
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And most of them at the bottom say that this can be wrong, you know,
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they give you their little warning thing at the bottom and.
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Um, basically saying that, uh, you know what I mean? They're not 100% accurate.
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And, um, don't get me wrong. I, you know, you can't turn on Google without having AI, you know?
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And one of the times I was searching, um, uh, for, um, for, it was Ohio.
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I was doing an Ohio article and i was searching for the legal things showing
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me um where the law was established and sent me to a porn site and.
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Yeah um so i was like okay all right um,
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so i this is just a personal experience you know um nothing wrong with porn
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if you're into that i don't have any judgment there but that's not what I wanted
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at the particular moment.
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I was looking for some legal reading.
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So, yeah, I would have to say they're not 100% right.
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And here's one incident. A confirmed case in which a woman's own video proved
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police had the wrong person.
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Chrysanthia Elser, Colorado, packaged theft accusation, or accusation, sorry.
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So what basically what happened was in september 2025 christiania elsa drove
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her green rivania through bomar colorado while traveling traveling to a tailor,
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a package worth approximately,
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25 was stolen from a home in the area for 25 this is all it all occurred for 25.
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I know, right, it gets more interesting Flock images showed that Elsa Rivian
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is entering and leaving the community,
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Colobine Valley Police Sergeant Jamie Millman went to Elser's home.
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Elser's doorbell camera recorded the encounter, which, by the way, I watched.
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The officer told Elser that the police had video of her stealing this $25 worth package.
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Elser asked to see the theft footage. The officer refused and told her she could see it in court.
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Elser told the officer that the Ravina's built-in cameras could establish where she had traveled.
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The officer did not review her footage during the encounter.
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Elsa was issued a summons.
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She later found the porch video
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on the next door. She said the woman shown in the footage was not her.
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The porch footage did not show the thief entering Elsa Rivanna.
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Elsa's Rivanna cameras had recorded her route she gathered.
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Vehicle camera footage, a timeline, photo information, phone information,
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other records documenting her movements.
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After weeks of submitting the evidence, the police chief notified her that the
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summits would not be filed.
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The allegation ended without charges being filed. The police sergeant later
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received a written reprimand. Ooh-hoo.
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I know, right? Boy. the police chief said the officer had been rude dismissive
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and had failed to de-escalate the encounter,
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the officer was ordered to complete additional training,
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the case matches specific category
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of a person accused after flock placed her vehicle in an area where,
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who then used her own video and digital evidence to establish that she was not the package thief.
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Other misidentification and error risk, correct plate reading proves that a
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vehicle passed a camera. It does not prove who was driving.
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Vehicle may be shared, borrowed, rented, sold without records being updated,
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carrying a stolen or cloned plate.
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The LPR software can also misread letters and numbers because of,
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hello, low resolution, weather,
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glare, plate frames, dirt, similar characters, or even the camera angle.
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Research involving low resolution license plate recognition contends to show
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that image quality affects recognition accuracy.
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A 2026 low-resolution recognition competition.
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Reported that the leading system
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achieved an 82.13 recognition rate and operational difficult data sets.
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The research did not test Flock specifically, but it demonstrates the continuing
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technical, difficult, and reliably,
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interpreting.
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Low-quality plate images.
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Um, nothing wrong with getting old. I'm just saying I'm not losing my,
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I'm losing my tongue to my mouth.
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It just doesn't want to come out and work. Um, data sharing between agencies.
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Flock cameras allows, uh, participating agencies to share across with other
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law enforcement agencies. Searchers may cross city, county, and state lines
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when sharing is enabled.
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The extent of sharing is controlled by agency settings, contracts, and state law.
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Flock states that searches access can be logged.
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Investigations in several jurisdictions have found that outside agencies search
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local camera data for purpose that local officials had restricted.
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Now, I did look it up for your and my state. Would you be interested in finding out?
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What? Tell me more. oh isn't there oh there's a song from greece tell me more
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tell me more like does he have a car.
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Right that's right it was a song that's right from greece um let's see um greece
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is a classic don't tell me that you're too young i don't know what greece is,
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no i oh i know anyone else okay,
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okay i'm like don't make me like the old person in the room here um or i say
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i'm getting old because i can't use my tongue to talk to talk to talk anymore,
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um let's see this is what you do when you record without any uh guardrails press yeah,
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Okay, so Ohio, Dayton suspended And covered its cameras Dayton suspended its flock,
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Program in 2026 City officials said they found More than 7,000 searches Related
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to immigration enforcement Guess what their flock cameras are being Used by?
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I would say ICE Yeah.
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I'm I'm not a fan but,
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Yeah, I feel you. I'm not a fan. Dayton policy prohibited camera information
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from being used for immigration.
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Enforcement are shared with agencies whose primary purpose was immigration.
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City officials described the outside searches as serious policy violations.
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Dayton approved additional money for an audit of the search logs.
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All 72 fixed-block cameras were covered and made inactive while the city investigated
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and prepared for their removal.
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Dayton case demonstrates that a local agency sharing restrictions may not prevent
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the outside searches unless the technical controls, permissions,
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and audits enforce those restrictions.
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That says a lot for a Republican state, I'm just saying. Cool, cool.
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So according to Ohio law, public record exemption, Ohio Public Records Act includes
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images and data captured by an automated license plate recognition system and
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maintained in a law enforcement database
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from the definition of a public record.
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That means the publicly generally cannot obtain underlying vehicle location
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images and the data through an ordinary Ohio public record request.
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The exemption applies to the captured images and data.
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The contracts, invoices, media minutes, purchases, documents,
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and general department policies may fall under different public records.
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Warrant requirements in Ohio. Reviewed Ohio statuses do not establish a blanket
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statewide warrant requirement for every police search of the investigator ALPR data.
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The federal court in the Northern District of Ohio rejected a Fourth Amendment
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ALPR challenge in the United States versus Studardyant.
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That's a really long last name. Nice.
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According to the cases summarized by the Virginia Court of Appeals,
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the constitutional outcome may depend on how many records were accessed and
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how much travel history the search revealed.
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Notifications in Ohio has detailed status governing traffic law,
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phone monitoring devices used to issue speed or red light citations.
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Those traffic enforcement statutes require police review of alleged traffic
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violations and contain procedures for issuing tickets.
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Investigate flock cameras are not necessarily governed by every rule appealing
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to speed or red light cameras Because
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they are generally used to generate criminal investigation leads rather than
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automatically issue traffic citations,
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No statewide Ohio statute identified in these reviews require individual advance notice to residents
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Before every investigation flock camera is installed now now we move on to arizona
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here we go laura you're up you're up girl you're up.
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Let's do it okay so arizona law and proposed restrictions so according to the senate bill,
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1111 arizona senate bill 1111 was introduced in 2026 to create state ride rules
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for automated license plate readers.
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The proposal will define ALPR technology as stationary or mobile technology
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that automatically detects, plates, and captures related data for the law enforcement purpose.
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Proposed rules include requiring training for authorized users,
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logging each database query,
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recording the use of data, Time, purpose of access, annual audits,
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review of unauthorized or suspicious activity, restrictions on selling,
00:20:57.081 --> 00:21:02.101
or providing captured data, plate data for non-law enforcement purposes,
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a trackable criminal case or incident number for searches under versions considered by lawmen.
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The measure was legislator under consideration and must not be described as
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an existing statewide law unless its final enactment effective date are confirmed.
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Now, Arizona communities ending their law contracts. Here's the interesting part. You ready, Laura?
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Ready. Because I kind of see where you're located.
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I won't tell everybody. I'm sure you'll be able to figure it out.
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If you yell and scream, you'll give it away.
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In February 2026, the South Tucson City Council voted to cancel its flock contract.
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The decision followed concerns about privacy and government surveillance.
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South Tucson has reported as a third Arizona city to end a flock relationship.
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In Surprise, Arizona, a resident alleged that the contract had been entered
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without meaningful public input and without informing most of the city council.
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In Chandler, residents protested renewal of a contract covering approximately 40 cameras.
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The Chandler City Council delayed its vote after hours of public debate.
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These Arizona disputes concern local approval, transparency,
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and contracting procedures rather than a federal constitutional right to individual notice.
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Now, according to the First Amendment concerns,
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ALPR data reveal visits to political meetings, protests, campaign offices,
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religious institutions, journalists, advocacy organizations,
00:22:56.414 --> 00:23:03.589
A camera recording public road Does not automatically establish A First Amendment violation,
00:23:04.077 --> 00:23:07.480
A constitutional issue must arise When.
00:23:08.814 --> 00:23:17.069
Location information is used to identify, monitor, or discourage lawful speech,
00:23:17.458 --> 00:23:22.160
assembly, religious activity, or political association.
00:23:23.036 --> 00:23:30.706
The legal analyst depends on how the information was used and whether government
00:23:30.706 --> 00:23:33.021
action burden protected activity.
00:23:33.270 --> 00:23:38.446
Now, the 14th Amendment and equal protection, the equal protection issue may
00:23:38.446 --> 00:23:43.846
arise if a surveillance placement or enforcement practices disappropriately
00:23:43.846 --> 00:23:45.931
target specific communities.
00:23:46.692 --> 00:23:52.866
A successful equal protection claim generally requires evidence of discriminatory
00:23:52.866 --> 00:23:58.926
purpose or legally unequal treatment, not only evidence that the cameras are
00:23:58.926 --> 00:24:00.796
concentrated in one area.
00:24:01.574 --> 00:24:06.787
Due process protections may also require the government to disclose and permit,
00:24:07.240 --> 00:24:10.444
challenges to evidence used in criminal cases.
00:24:11.205 --> 00:24:16.545
Transparent Audit Records Flock states that system searches can be logged.
00:24:17.016 --> 00:24:20.946
Audit logs may include the person conducting the search, time of the search,
00:24:20.946 --> 00:24:25.352
plate of the vehicle in search, the state's reason, the agency involved.
00:24:25.880 --> 00:24:34.436
Audit logs can identify misuse only when agencies review them and investigate suspicious searches.
00:24:34.924 --> 00:24:40.096
Dayton's discovery of thousands of outside immigration-related searches resulted
00:24:40.096 --> 00:24:44.206
from an examination of access and search activity.
00:24:45.780 --> 00:24:52.999
Ohio's public record exemption for underlying ALPR images does not automatically
00:24:52.999 --> 00:24:57.650
answer whether every audit or administrative record is also exempt.
00:24:58.103 --> 00:25:02.648
That depends on the specific record or any other applicable expectation.
00:25:03.618 --> 00:25:08.982
Now, here's the current legal position. This might be something notable for anyone listening.
00:25:09.876 --> 00:25:16.685
Flock cameras are not categorically unconstitutional under current nationwide precedent.
00:25:17.794 --> 00:25:25.032
Federal law does not currently require police to obtain a warrant before every flock search.
00:25:25.979 --> 00:25:31.395
Courts have upheld searches involving a limited number of images over short periods.
00:25:32.126 --> 00:25:39.864
Some trial courts have ruled that a warrant was required when police accessed a broad network.
00:25:40.723 --> 00:25:44.798
The appellate courts have reversed some of those trial court rulings.
00:25:45.379 --> 00:25:49.849
The broader constitutional question remains unresolved when a camera network
00:25:49.849 --> 00:25:55.489
creates a detailed record of a person's movements over an extended period.
00:25:56.011 --> 00:26:03.222
The federal challenges to Norfolk City's system remain on appeal as of April 2026.
00:26:03.848 --> 00:26:09.109
There is no general federal constitution requirement that Every resident must
00:26:09.109 --> 00:26:11.813
be notified before a flock camera is installed,
00:26:12.696 --> 00:26:18.879
Ohio does not currently have one comprehensive statewide law Regulating all
00:26:18.879 --> 00:26:24.549
the investigative ALPR searches Retention, sharing audits, and warrants.
00:26:25.890 --> 00:26:32.368
Arizona lawmakers considered a statewide ALPR regulatory framework in 2026.
00:26:33.041 --> 00:26:39.334
The Kersenian Elsewhere case is a confirmed example of a flock placing the correct
00:26:39.334 --> 00:26:45.139
vehicle in the general error while police accusing the wrong person of the crime.
00:26:45.690 --> 00:26:50.844
Her own vehicle camera footage and digital records resulted in the summons being
00:26:50.844 --> 00:26:53.334
dropped. That's a whole lot.
00:26:56.486 --> 00:27:00.884
You know, in my personal opinion, before I get on to the sources and end for
00:27:00.884 --> 00:27:06.395
tonight, I think now, and I've said this before,
00:27:08.264 --> 00:27:15.897
I like the advancement in technology, but what I don't like is the oversight.
00:27:16.907 --> 00:27:23.119
I think that when we talk about AI, it should be used to help people not replace,
00:27:23.235 --> 00:27:27.314
you know, and when you talk about copper cameras, it shouldn't replace true
00:27:27.314 --> 00:27:30.677
investigation from our officials, from our police.
00:27:31.281 --> 00:27:34.244
You know, you shouldn't just say, this is this, this is law,
00:27:34.244 --> 00:27:36.081
whatever the camera says, this is what it'd be.
00:27:36.366 --> 00:27:42.104
The same thing that I don't believe that AI should replace a human job.
00:27:42.104 --> 00:27:43.959
I think they should enhance your job.
00:27:44.191 --> 00:27:46.918
You know what I'm saying? Like a tool. They should be a tool.
00:27:47.795 --> 00:27:53.257
But when that tool starts to, well, take our jobs, pollute our waters,
00:27:54.114 --> 00:27:57.477
take our electricity, I've got a problem with it, you know.
00:27:58.017 --> 00:28:01.944
But again, there have been report records. And if you've listened to my podcast,
00:28:01.944 --> 00:28:04.792
you've heard me rattle this on that,
00:28:06.225 --> 00:28:15.223
there's a lot of data saying that you and I using a search bar or chat GPT or whatever we're using.
00:28:15.769 --> 00:28:19.867
Or running videos on the cloud, you know.
00:28:22.178 --> 00:28:25.103
A lot of those do not,
00:28:27.328 --> 00:28:32.697
require a data center to do you know they just don't,
00:28:33.696 --> 00:28:39.901
um that is major stuff like i would only assume clock cameras,
00:28:40.695 --> 00:28:48.932
you know might be part of the problem um big business um might be part of it um.
00:28:51.301 --> 00:28:55.555
I don't know but you know how i feel about that i'm not i have a big thing about
00:28:55.555 --> 00:29:00.217
data centers I'm not a fan. I'm just not a fan at all.
00:29:02.121 --> 00:29:08.768
And I feel like a hypocrite because I like technology. I want Star Trek, you know what I mean?
00:29:10.957 --> 00:29:15.245
But I don't want to lose what we have because of it, you know?
00:29:15.245 --> 00:29:23.931
I don't want people to lose their jobs or, you know what I'm saying, or water's polluted or,
00:29:25.881 --> 00:29:31.315
electric grids being burned up or whatever else may come. I don't know.
00:29:31.553 --> 00:29:33.654
I'm pulling straws out of a hat here, Laura.
00:29:35.035 --> 00:29:41.905
So I just think that this adds to, but the biggest thing for me is I think they're
00:29:41.905 --> 00:29:49.280
pushing it so much and the advancement of it so much that the regulatory process has not caught up.
00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:51.689
Does that make sense? Yeah.
00:29:54.481 --> 00:29:57.233
I just think there needs to be a lot more oversight, you know?
00:29:57.407 --> 00:30:00.266
I don't think it should be like, oh, you got a free ticket to ride.
00:30:01.106 --> 00:30:07.020
Exactly. Yeah, no, I think you said it well, that there still needs to be that,
00:30:07.600 --> 00:30:11.374
investigation into things. You can't just take it.
00:30:12.686 --> 00:30:19.025
Right, it's like the internet. Many people were not fans of the internet.
00:30:19.866 --> 00:30:25.706
Um and when we had the first stock thing the the internet.com the dot-com thing
00:30:25.706 --> 00:30:29.716
where that blew the stock market because they put a lot into it they rushed
00:30:29.716 --> 00:30:33.006
it like oh the internet's gonna be everything everything's gonna be on the internet
00:30:33.006 --> 00:30:34.048
everything's gonna be on the internet
00:30:34.443 --> 00:30:37.601
and they rushed it and then what happened we had a dot-com crash,
00:30:38.666 --> 00:30:41.906
but we didn't get rid of it it's still here today you know we still have the
00:30:41.906 --> 00:30:47.142
internet we still have you know well not just the internet i guess um,
00:30:48.396 --> 00:30:51.836
there's a whole lot to that websites everything all of that's on there you know
00:30:51.836 --> 00:31:01.026
what i mean it didn't go away it's still here so but i don't know the more research
00:31:01.026 --> 00:31:03.206
i do laura the more i'm like what the heck.
00:31:05.625 --> 00:31:13.236
Oh yeah for sure so speaking of research our sources for today is the u.s Supreme
00:31:13.236 --> 00:31:18.419
Court versus Carpenter versus United States 2018.
00:31:19.886 --> 00:31:24.915
Virginia Court of Appeals, Commonwealth of Virginia versus Ronnie D. Church.
00:31:25.037 --> 00:31:30.174
CBS News Colorado. Chrisania Elswitz wrongly accused package that case.
00:31:30.691 --> 00:31:37.425
The ACLU Schmidt versus Norfolk. Block Safety License Plate Reader Production Information.
00:31:38.696 --> 00:31:42.990
That's it. I want to thank you for listening. I know that was a lot to get through,
00:31:44.587 --> 00:31:47.652
but see you next time. Bye-bye for now.
00:00:39.769 --> 00:00:46.473
Hello, and welcome to the vlogging pod. So, Laura, let's talk block cameras,
00:00:46.722 --> 00:00:50.880
the AI surveillance, privacy, and constitutional rights.
00:00:52.012 --> 00:00:55.036
For everyone who doesn't know, because I'll be honest with you,
00:00:55.036 --> 00:00:59.556
I was kind of in the dark, but I've been seeing it so much across my FYP.
00:01:01.156 --> 00:01:08.869
And Flock cameras are safety cameras that are automated license plate readers.
00:01:08.985 --> 00:01:14.256
They're commonly called ALPRSs or LPRSs.
00:01:15.179 --> 00:01:21.646
They photograph vehicles passing a fixed location and create records containing,
00:01:22.134 --> 00:01:26.702
license plates, time, state, and camera locations.
00:01:27.132 --> 00:01:31.716
Now, FLOT is a system that collects vehicle-related information rather than
00:01:31.716 --> 00:01:34.011
using facial recognition.
00:01:34.834 --> 00:01:41.196
The cameras can record categorized details including license plate numbers, vehicle make,
00:01:41.672 --> 00:01:48.346
vehicle color, body type, and distinguishing features such as roof racks,
00:01:48.346 --> 00:01:50.531
stickers, or visible damage.
00:01:51.215 --> 00:01:55.656
The collected information is placed into a searchable database.
00:01:56.068 --> 00:02:01.646
Police can search for a specific plate or use vehicle characteristics to search
00:02:01.646 --> 00:02:05.194
for a vehicle when a full plate paper is unknown.
00:02:06.163 --> 00:02:11.266
Now, for everyone who may or may not know, how does the artificial intelligence
00:02:11.266 --> 00:02:18.876
use? Well, Flock Market is a system as AI-powered vehicle identification technology.
00:02:19.735 --> 00:02:24.716
The system uses optical character recognition to interpret letters and numbers
00:02:24.716 --> 00:02:28.146
on license plates, computer vision, machines, learning tools,
00:02:28.146 --> 00:02:32.808
categories, vehicle characteristics, and turn images into searchable records.
00:02:33.312 --> 00:02:39.186
The system can generate real-time alerts when the plate matches Informations
00:02:39.186 --> 00:02:43.053
entered into law enforcement databases Or agency watch lists,
00:02:44.063 --> 00:02:48.330
The AI identifiers and categorize the vehicle information.
00:02:48.707 --> 00:02:55.107
Police officers decide whether to stop question or cite or arrest someone based
00:02:55.107 --> 00:02:58.387
on that information and other evidence.
00:02:58.825 --> 00:03:03.267
Now, what information is stored? Well, standard ALPR.
00:03:06.107 --> 00:03:10.067
Generally contains a photograph of the vehicle, the license plate or attempted
00:03:10.067 --> 00:03:14.551
plate reading, the time and date, camera location, and searchable vehicle characteristics.
00:03:16.269 --> 00:03:23.747
So, now, here's the thing. A lot of people believe that flock cameras violate
00:03:23.747 --> 00:03:24.843
their Fourth Amendment.
00:03:25.679 --> 00:03:31.407
Now, for those of us who don't know, the Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable
00:03:31.407 --> 00:03:34.327
government searches and seizures.
00:03:34.751 --> 00:03:41.507
It's also established that warrants must be based on probable cause and describe
00:03:41.507 --> 00:03:43.261
what is being searched or seized.
00:03:43.847 --> 00:03:48.747
Now, a vehicle visible on a public road, well, courts have traditionally ruled
00:03:48.747 --> 00:03:54.637
that a driver does not have the same expectation of privacy in a visible license
00:03:54.637 --> 00:03:58.371
plate as in a home, private, communication, or personal device.
00:03:59.033 --> 00:04:02.407
A police officer may normally observe a vehicle, its collar,
00:04:02.407 --> 00:04:05.076
its plates, while the vehicle is traveling on a public road.
00:04:05.564 --> 00:04:12.457
Courts upholding warrantless ALPR searches have relied on the positions of those
00:04:12.457 --> 00:04:16.157
cameras are recording information already exposed to public view.
00:04:16.157 --> 00:04:21.547
Now, searchable history of someone's movement, well, that's constitutional issues,
00:04:21.547 --> 00:04:27.847
changes, when isolated cameras' observations are collected into a database that
00:04:27.847 --> 00:04:30.860
can reconstruct where a vehicle traveled over time.
00:04:31.568 --> 00:04:36.567
Privacy challenges argue that a network of cameras can reveal where a person
00:04:36.567 --> 00:04:41.697
works, where a person sleeps, medical visits, religious attendance,
00:04:41.697 --> 00:04:46.179
political meetings, relationships, and association patterns of movement.
00:04:46.434 --> 00:04:52.747
The Supreme Court has ruled in other location tracking cases that prolonged
00:04:52.747 --> 00:05:00.976
technological surveillance may require a warrant even when individual movements occurred in public.
00:05:02.050 --> 00:05:05.417
Now, that's important. The reason I say, and then, of course,
00:05:05.417 --> 00:05:10.931
I've cited a few court cases, but there is one particular I want to talk.
00:05:12.179 --> 00:05:19.231
Because there has been a confirmed case in which one woman could prove that
00:05:19.231 --> 00:05:24.195
the flock camera and the police trying to use the flock cameras was wrong.
00:05:25.187 --> 00:05:31.121
And she did prove it. So now, before I get to it, do police currently need a
00:05:31.121 --> 00:05:32.982
warrant? What would you think, Laura?
00:05:34.724 --> 00:05:36.401
I would think so, but...
00:05:38.700 --> 00:05:45.061
This is 2026. we're in different times now different shitty i mean you know
00:05:45.061 --> 00:05:49.661
what i mean it's just a timeline yeah our timeline has rapidly switched i don't
00:05:49.661 --> 00:05:52.861
know where we're at now uh who's writing this book,
00:05:58.815 --> 00:06:07.341
well we're not in those red dresses yet okay there's that there's that um if
00:06:07.341 --> 00:06:09.084
you read you know what we're talking about.
00:06:10.842 --> 00:06:17.321
So there is no single nationwide rule requiring a warrant before every flock
00:06:17.565 --> 00:06:20.136
database search. So no, they don't need a warrant.
00:06:21.082 --> 00:06:27.081
So police departments and many jurisdictions permit officers to search block
00:06:27.081 --> 00:06:30.085
records without obtaining a warrant first.
00:06:30.973 --> 00:06:34.541
Courts have reached different conclusions based on the number of placement of
00:06:34.541 --> 00:06:40.133
cameras, The length of time covered by the search How much of a person's route was revealed,
00:06:41.281 --> 00:06:46.321
The applicable state constitution The federal appeal court governing the jurisdiction,
00:06:47.041 --> 00:06:51.891
A brief search producing a few vehicle images May be treated differently from
00:06:51.891 --> 00:06:57.786
a search Reconstructuring several weeks of travel Now, public notifications.
00:06:58.941 --> 00:07:04.858
The United States Constitution does not require individual notice to every residence
00:07:04.858 --> 00:07:09.512
before an investigation license plate camera is installed.
00:07:10.191 --> 00:07:14.878
There's no general federal law requiring every community to hold a special public
00:07:14.878 --> 00:07:18.858
vote or public hearing specifically for flocked cameras.
00:07:19.700 --> 00:07:25.008
The public notice may occur through city council agendas, township or county
00:07:25.008 --> 00:07:32.046
meetings, police budget approvals, contract approvals, purchasing records, local ordinance.
00:07:32.679 --> 00:07:37.018
Whether formal approval is required depends on the local government contracting
00:07:37.018 --> 00:07:39.639
authority and state open meeting laws.
00:07:39.976 --> 00:07:43.578
Now, some communities have installed flat cameras through administrative or
00:07:43.578 --> 00:07:48.370
police purchasing authority without separate public vote.
00:07:49.031 --> 00:07:53.408
In Troy, New York, cameras were reportedly installed without the city council's
00:07:53.408 --> 00:07:59.010
approval, producing a legal and political dispute between the mayor and the city council.
00:08:00.032 --> 00:08:04.428
So, due process, Kristen, due process applies to the government procedures used
00:08:04.428 --> 00:08:07.451
when a person is accused, cited, detained, or prosecuted.
00:08:08.136 --> 00:08:11.462
A document, excuse me, pressed my wrong button there.
00:08:12.431 --> 00:08:16.928
Due process applies to the government procedures used when a person is accused,
00:08:16.928 --> 00:08:18.950
cited, detained, or prosecuted.
00:08:21.791 --> 00:08:27.371
Documents concerning involvement flock or the ALPR systems include treating
00:08:27.371 --> 00:08:31.128
a flock image as conclusive evidence rather than investigate lead,
00:08:31.558 --> 00:08:35.580
assuming that the rich vehicle owner Andrew was driving,
00:08:36.149 --> 00:08:41.066
failing to compare the suspect visible to another video without the vehicle owner,
00:08:42.157 --> 00:08:46.041
failing to review evidence offered by the accused,
00:08:47.637 --> 00:08:52.781
incorrect plate readings, Similar vehicles being treated as the same vehicle,
00:08:53.413 --> 00:08:57.645
Outdated or stolen vehicle or warranted personal information,
00:08:58.255 --> 00:09:03.886
Officers failing to verify the plate issuing the state A person having to collect
00:09:04.002 --> 00:09:08.591
private videos, GPS records received Or phone records to establish the police
00:09:08.591 --> 00:09:10.370
identify the wrong suspect,
00:09:11.008 --> 00:09:14.874
Difficulty obtaining records showing who searched the database,
00:09:16.221 --> 00:09:23.697
And one thing I can say is that AI is not always right, you know.
00:09:25.775 --> 00:09:30.837
And most of them at the bottom say that this can be wrong, you know,
00:09:31.651 --> 00:09:34.511
they give you their little warning thing at the bottom and.
00:09:35.579 --> 00:09:42.597
Um, basically saying that, uh, you know what I mean? They're not 100% accurate.
00:09:43.767 --> 00:09:51.571
And, um, don't get me wrong. I, you know, you can't turn on Google without having AI, you know?
00:09:52.105 --> 00:09:59.292
And one of the times I was searching, um, uh, for, um, for, it was Ohio.
00:09:59.292 --> 00:10:03.937
I was doing an Ohio article and i was searching for the legal things showing
00:10:03.937 --> 00:10:09.397
me um where the law was established and sent me to a porn site and.
00:10:12.011 --> 00:10:16.759
Yeah um so i was like okay all right um,
00:10:18.807 --> 00:10:24.327
so i this is just a personal experience you know um nothing wrong with porn
00:10:24.327 --> 00:10:28.227
if you're into that i don't have any judgment there but that's not what I wanted
00:10:28.227 --> 00:10:29.500
at the particular moment.
00:10:30.427 --> 00:10:32.559
I was looking for some legal reading.
00:10:34.132 --> 00:10:37.818
So, yeah, I would have to say they're not 100% right.
00:10:39.316 --> 00:10:45.539
And here's one incident. A confirmed case in which a woman's own video proved
00:10:45.835 --> 00:10:47.664
police had the wrong person.
00:10:48.331 --> 00:10:56.232
Chrysanthia Elser, Colorado, packaged theft accusation, or accusation, sorry.
00:10:56.876 --> 00:11:02.267
So what basically what happened was in september 2025 christiania elsa drove
00:11:02.267 --> 00:11:10.019
her green rivania through bomar colorado while traveling traveling to a tailor,
00:11:11.207 --> 00:11:13.031
a package worth approximately,
00:11:14.361 --> 00:11:22.481
25 was stolen from a home in the area for 25 this is all it all occurred for 25.
00:11:24.967 --> 00:11:29.817
I know, right, it gets more interesting Flock images showed that Elsa Rivian
00:11:29.817 --> 00:11:31.908
is entering and leaving the community,
00:11:32.780 --> 00:11:37.453
Colobine Valley Police Sergeant Jamie Millman went to Elser's home.
00:11:37.795 --> 00:11:42.120
Elser's doorbell camera recorded the encounter, which, by the way, I watched.
00:11:42.933 --> 00:11:49.121
The officer told Elser that the police had video of her stealing this $25 worth package.
00:11:49.713 --> 00:11:55.593
Elser asked to see the theft footage. The officer refused and told her she could see it in court.
00:11:56.255 --> 00:12:01.967
Elser told the officer that the Ravina's built-in cameras could establish where she had traveled.
00:12:02.710 --> 00:12:06.367
The officer did not review her footage during the encounter.
00:12:06.878 --> 00:12:08.765
Elsa was issued a summons.
00:12:09.322 --> 00:12:11.278
She later found the porch video
00:12:11.278 --> 00:12:16.310
on the next door. She said the woman shown in the footage was not her.
00:12:16.850 --> 00:12:21.006
The porch footage did not show the thief entering Elsa Rivanna.
00:12:21.302 --> 00:12:24.867
Elsa's Rivanna cameras had recorded her route she gathered.
00:12:25.354 --> 00:12:29.627
Vehicle camera footage, a timeline, photo information, phone information,
00:12:30.225 --> 00:12:32.568
other records documenting her movements.
00:12:33.168 --> 00:12:39.618
After weeks of submitting the evidence, the police chief notified her that the
00:12:39.618 --> 00:12:41.858
summits would not be filed.
00:12:42.676 --> 00:12:46.848
The allegation ended without charges being filed. The police sergeant later
00:12:46.848 --> 00:12:49.840
received a written reprimand. Ooh-hoo.
00:12:51.721 --> 00:12:59.981
I know, right? Boy. the police chief said the officer had been rude dismissive
00:13:00.387 --> 00:13:03.238
and had failed to de-escalate the encounter,
00:13:04.033 --> 00:13:08.207
the officer was ordered to complete additional training,
00:13:09.136 --> 00:13:11.378
the case matches specific category
00:13:11.378 --> 00:13:17.098
of a person accused after flock placed her vehicle in an area where,
00:13:18.346 --> 00:13:24.615
who then used her own video and digital evidence to establish that she was not the package thief.
00:13:25.579 --> 00:13:31.479
Other misidentification and error risk, correct plate reading proves that a
00:13:31.479 --> 00:13:34.460
vehicle passed a camera. It does not prove who was driving.
00:13:35.418 --> 00:13:39.749
Vehicle may be shared, borrowed, rented, sold without records being updated,
00:13:39.749 --> 00:13:42.158
carrying a stolen or cloned plate.
00:13:42.622 --> 00:13:47.638
The LPR software can also misread letters and numbers because of,
00:13:47.783 --> 00:13:50.894
hello, low resolution, weather,
00:13:51.347 --> 00:13:57.889
glare, plate frames, dirt, similar characters, or even the camera angle.
00:13:58.720 --> 00:14:04.439
Research involving low resolution license plate recognition contends to show
00:14:04.439 --> 00:14:09.199
that image quality affects recognition accuracy.
00:14:09.199 --> 00:14:15.609
A 2026 low-resolution recognition competition.
00:14:19.192 --> 00:14:21.944
Reported that the leading system
00:14:22.229 --> 00:14:30.524
achieved an 82.13 recognition rate and operational difficult data sets.
00:14:30.826 --> 00:14:36.189
The research did not test Flock specifically, but it demonstrates the continuing
00:14:36.189 --> 00:14:39.138
technical, difficult, and reliably,
00:14:41.949 --> 00:14:42.709
interpreting.
00:14:50.220 --> 00:14:52.711
Low-quality plate images.
00:14:53.796 --> 00:14:57.580
Um, nothing wrong with getting old. I'm just saying I'm not losing my,
00:14:57.580 --> 00:14:59.148
I'm losing my tongue to my mouth.
00:15:00.147 --> 00:15:05.870
It just doesn't want to come out and work. Um, data sharing between agencies.
00:15:05.870 --> 00:15:11.150
Flock cameras allows, uh, participating agencies to share across with other
00:15:11.150 --> 00:15:15.564
law enforcement agencies. Searchers may cross city, county, and state lines
00:15:15.970 --> 00:15:17.479
when sharing is enabled.
00:15:17.822 --> 00:15:22.477
The extent of sharing is controlled by agency settings, contracts, and state law.
00:15:23.058 --> 00:15:26.425
Flock states that searches access can be logged.
00:15:26.587 --> 00:15:32.060
Investigations in several jurisdictions have found that outside agencies search
00:15:32.060 --> 00:15:37.413
local camera data for purpose that local officials had restricted.
00:15:37.948 --> 00:15:43.085
Now, I did look it up for your and my state. Would you be interested in finding out?
00:15:44.269 --> 00:15:49.650
What? Tell me more. oh isn't there oh there's a song from greece tell me more
00:15:49.650 --> 00:15:52.913
tell me more like does he have a car.
00:15:58.040 --> 00:16:04.820
Right that's right it was a song that's right from greece um let's see um greece
00:16:04.820 --> 00:16:07.935
is a classic don't tell me that you're too young i don't know what greece is,
00:16:08.600 --> 00:16:12.126
no i oh i know anyone else okay,
00:16:13.180 --> 00:16:17.780
okay i'm like don't make me like the old person in the room here um or i say
00:16:17.780 --> 00:16:22.120
i'm getting old because i can't use my tongue to talk to talk to talk anymore,
00:16:24.880 --> 00:16:30.420
um let's see this is what you do when you record without any uh guardrails press yeah,
00:16:33.668 --> 00:16:40.495
Okay, so Ohio, Dayton suspended And covered its cameras Dayton suspended its flock,
00:16:40.954 --> 00:16:47.690
Program in 2026 City officials said they found More than 7,000 searches Related
00:16:47.690 --> 00:16:51.809
to immigration enforcement Guess what their flock cameras are being Used by?
00:16:52.192 --> 00:16:54.340
I would say ICE Yeah.
00:16:58.015 --> 00:17:00.220
I'm I'm not a fan but,
00:17:03.494 --> 00:17:10.710
Yeah, I feel you. I'm not a fan. Dayton policy prohibited camera information
00:17:10.710 --> 00:17:12.932
from being used for immigration.
00:17:13.454 --> 00:17:18.637
Enforcement are shared with agencies whose primary purpose was immigration.
00:17:19.074 --> 00:17:23.548
City officials described the outside searches as serious policy violations.
00:17:23.903 --> 00:17:27.526
Dayton approved additional money for an audit of the search logs.
00:17:28.018 --> 00:17:35.130
All 72 fixed-block cameras were covered and made inactive while the city investigated
00:17:35.130 --> 00:17:36.849
and prepared for their removal.
00:17:37.667 --> 00:17:42.790
Dayton case demonstrates that a local agency sharing restrictions may not prevent
00:17:42.790 --> 00:17:46.600
the outside searches unless the technical controls, permissions,
00:17:46.600 --> 00:17:48.865
and audits enforce those restrictions.
00:17:49.230 --> 00:17:52.551
That says a lot for a Republican state, I'm just saying. Cool, cool.
00:17:54.223 --> 00:18:00.153
So according to Ohio law, public record exemption, Ohio Public Records Act includes
00:18:00.153 --> 00:18:05.513
images and data captured by an automated license plate recognition system and
00:18:05.513 --> 00:18:07.926
maintained in a law enforcement database
00:18:08.338 --> 00:18:10.539
from the definition of a public record.
00:18:10.539 --> 00:18:15.073
That means the publicly generally cannot obtain underlying vehicle location
00:18:15.073 --> 00:18:19.734
images and the data through an ordinary Ohio public record request.
00:18:20.082 --> 00:18:25.858
The exemption applies to the captured images and data.
00:18:26.839 --> 00:18:29.813
The contracts, invoices, media minutes, purchases, documents,
00:18:29.813 --> 00:18:34.026
and general department policies may fall under different public records.
00:18:34.850 --> 00:18:39.843
Warrant requirements in Ohio. Reviewed Ohio statuses do not establish a blanket
00:18:39.843 --> 00:18:46.384
statewide warrant requirement for every police search of the investigator ALPR data.
00:18:46.988 --> 00:18:51.383
The federal court in the Northern District of Ohio rejected a Fourth Amendment
00:18:51.383 --> 00:18:56.729
ALPR challenge in the United States versus Studardyant.
00:18:56.944 --> 00:19:00.328
That's a really long last name. Nice.
00:19:00.752 --> 00:19:04.988
According to the cases summarized by the Virginia Court of Appeals,
00:19:05.453 --> 00:19:10.003
the constitutional outcome may depend on how many records were accessed and
00:19:10.003 --> 00:19:12.494
how much travel history the search revealed.
00:19:13.504 --> 00:19:17.277
Notifications in Ohio has detailed status governing traffic law,
00:19:17.718 --> 00:19:22.049
phone monitoring devices used to issue speed or red light citations.
00:19:22.392 --> 00:19:26.516
Those traffic enforcement statutes require police review of alleged traffic
00:19:26.516 --> 00:19:29.990
violations and contain procedures for issuing tickets.
00:19:30.815 --> 00:19:35.326
Investigate flock cameras are not necessarily governed by every rule appealing
00:19:35.326 --> 00:19:37.949
to speed or red light cameras Because
00:19:38.384 --> 00:19:43.976
they are generally used to generate criminal investigation leads rather than
00:19:43.976 --> 00:19:46.494
automatically issue traffic citations,
00:19:47.481 --> 00:19:54.058
No statewide Ohio statute identified in these reviews require individual advance notice to residents
00:19:54.418 --> 00:20:00.786
Before every investigation flock camera is installed now now we move on to arizona
00:20:00.786 --> 00:20:03.506
here we go laura you're up you're up girl you're up.
00:20:04.854 --> 00:20:12.366
Let's do it okay so arizona law and proposed restrictions so according to the senate bill,
00:20:13.312 --> 00:20:22.196
1111 arizona senate bill 1111 was introduced in 2026 to create state ride rules
00:20:22.196 --> 00:20:24.881
for automated license plate readers.
00:20:25.496 --> 00:20:31.986
The proposal will define ALPR technology as stationary or mobile technology
00:20:31.986 --> 00:20:37.226
that automatically detects, plates, and captures related data for the law enforcement purpose.
00:20:37.566 --> 00:20:42.110
Proposed rules include requiring training for authorized users,
00:20:42.569 --> 00:20:45.227
logging each database query,
00:20:45.988 --> 00:20:51.686
recording the use of data, Time, purpose of access, annual audits,
00:20:51.686 --> 00:20:56.716
review of unauthorized or suspicious activity, restrictions on selling,
00:20:57.081 --> 00:21:02.101
or providing captured data, plate data for non-law enforcement purposes,
00:21:02.310 --> 00:21:08.882
a trackable criminal case or incident number for searches under versions considered by lawmen.
00:21:10.361 --> 00:21:15.464
The measure was legislator under consideration and must not be described as
00:21:15.464 --> 00:21:22.191
an existing statewide law unless its final enactment effective date are confirmed.
00:21:22.500 --> 00:21:28.920
Now, Arizona communities ending their law contracts. Here's the interesting part. You ready, Laura?
00:21:29.541 --> 00:21:32.624
Ready. Because I kind of see where you're located.
00:21:33.504 --> 00:21:36.030
I won't tell everybody. I'm sure you'll be able to figure it out.
00:21:36.402 --> 00:21:38.463
If you yell and scream, you'll give it away.
00:21:41.860 --> 00:21:51.478
In February 2026, the South Tucson City Council voted to cancel its flock contract.
00:21:52.731 --> 00:21:57.321
The decision followed concerns about privacy and government surveillance.
00:21:57.942 --> 00:22:04.844
South Tucson has reported as a third Arizona city to end a flock relationship.
00:22:05.506 --> 00:22:10.624
In Surprise, Arizona, a resident alleged that the contract had been entered
00:22:10.624 --> 00:22:15.010
without meaningful public input and without informing most of the city council.
00:22:15.775 --> 00:22:21.255
In Chandler, residents protested renewal of a contract covering approximately 40 cameras.
00:22:21.720 --> 00:22:26.648
The Chandler City Council delayed its vote after hours of public debate.
00:22:27.112 --> 00:22:32.238
These Arizona disputes concern local approval, transparency,
00:22:32.528 --> 00:22:38.234
and contracting procedures rather than a federal constitutional right to individual notice.
00:22:38.234 --> 00:22:41.344
Now, according to the First Amendment concerns,
00:22:42.164 --> 00:22:50.146
ALPR data reveal visits to political meetings, protests, campaign offices,
00:22:50.582 --> 00:22:56.414
religious institutions, journalists, advocacy organizations,
00:22:56.414 --> 00:23:03.589
A camera recording public road Does not automatically establish A First Amendment violation,
00:23:04.077 --> 00:23:07.480
A constitutional issue must arise When.
00:23:08.814 --> 00:23:17.069
Location information is used to identify, monitor, or discourage lawful speech,
00:23:17.458 --> 00:23:22.160
assembly, religious activity, or political association.
00:23:23.036 --> 00:23:30.706
The legal analyst depends on how the information was used and whether government
00:23:30.706 --> 00:23:33.021
action burden protected activity.
00:23:33.270 --> 00:23:38.446
Now, the 14th Amendment and equal protection, the equal protection issue may
00:23:38.446 --> 00:23:43.846
arise if a surveillance placement or enforcement practices disappropriately
00:23:43.846 --> 00:23:45.931
target specific communities.
00:23:46.692 --> 00:23:52.866
A successful equal protection claim generally requires evidence of discriminatory
00:23:52.866 --> 00:23:58.926
purpose or legally unequal treatment, not only evidence that the cameras are
00:23:58.926 --> 00:24:00.796
concentrated in one area.
00:24:01.574 --> 00:24:06.787
Due process protections may also require the government to disclose and permit,
00:24:07.240 --> 00:24:10.444
challenges to evidence used in criminal cases.
00:24:11.205 --> 00:24:16.545
Transparent Audit Records Flock states that system searches can be logged.
00:24:17.016 --> 00:24:20.946
Audit logs may include the person conducting the search, time of the search,
00:24:20.946 --> 00:24:25.352
plate of the vehicle in search, the state's reason, the agency involved.
00:24:25.880 --> 00:24:34.436
Audit logs can identify misuse only when agencies review them and investigate suspicious searches.
00:24:34.924 --> 00:24:40.096
Dayton's discovery of thousands of outside immigration-related searches resulted
00:24:40.096 --> 00:24:44.206
from an examination of access and search activity.
00:24:45.780 --> 00:24:52.999
Ohio's public record exemption for underlying ALPR images does not automatically
00:24:52.999 --> 00:24:57.650
answer whether every audit or administrative record is also exempt.
00:24:58.103 --> 00:25:02.648
That depends on the specific record or any other applicable expectation.
00:25:03.618 --> 00:25:08.982
Now, here's the current legal position. This might be something notable for anyone listening.
00:25:09.876 --> 00:25:16.685
Flock cameras are not categorically unconstitutional under current nationwide precedent.
00:25:17.794 --> 00:25:25.032
Federal law does not currently require police to obtain a warrant before every flock search.
00:25:25.979 --> 00:25:31.395
Courts have upheld searches involving a limited number of images over short periods.
00:25:32.126 --> 00:25:39.864
Some trial courts have ruled that a warrant was required when police accessed a broad network.
00:25:40.723 --> 00:25:44.798
The appellate courts have reversed some of those trial court rulings.
00:25:45.379 --> 00:25:49.849
The broader constitutional question remains unresolved when a camera network
00:25:49.849 --> 00:25:55.489
creates a detailed record of a person's movements over an extended period.
00:25:56.011 --> 00:26:03.222
The federal challenges to Norfolk City's system remain on appeal as of April 2026.
00:26:03.848 --> 00:26:09.109
There is no general federal constitution requirement that Every resident must
00:26:09.109 --> 00:26:11.813
be notified before a flock camera is installed,
00:26:12.696 --> 00:26:18.879
Ohio does not currently have one comprehensive statewide law Regulating all
00:26:18.879 --> 00:26:24.549
the investigative ALPR searches Retention, sharing audits, and warrants.
00:26:25.890 --> 00:26:32.368
Arizona lawmakers considered a statewide ALPR regulatory framework in 2026.
00:26:33.041 --> 00:26:39.334
The Kersenian Elsewhere case is a confirmed example of a flock placing the correct
00:26:39.334 --> 00:26:45.139
vehicle in the general error while police accusing the wrong person of the crime.
00:26:45.690 --> 00:26:50.844
Her own vehicle camera footage and digital records resulted in the summons being
00:26:50.844 --> 00:26:53.334
dropped. That's a whole lot.
00:26:56.486 --> 00:27:00.884
You know, in my personal opinion, before I get on to the sources and end for
00:27:00.884 --> 00:27:06.395
tonight, I think now, and I've said this before,
00:27:08.264 --> 00:27:15.897
I like the advancement in technology, but what I don't like is the oversight.
00:27:16.907 --> 00:27:23.119
I think that when we talk about AI, it should be used to help people not replace,
00:27:23.235 --> 00:27:27.314
you know, and when you talk about copper cameras, it shouldn't replace true
00:27:27.314 --> 00:27:30.677
investigation from our officials, from our police.
00:27:31.281 --> 00:27:34.244
You know, you shouldn't just say, this is this, this is law,
00:27:34.244 --> 00:27:36.081
whatever the camera says, this is what it'd be.
00:27:36.366 --> 00:27:42.104
The same thing that I don't believe that AI should replace a human job.
00:27:42.104 --> 00:27:43.959
I think they should enhance your job.
00:27:44.191 --> 00:27:46.918
You know what I'm saying? Like a tool. They should be a tool.
00:27:47.795 --> 00:27:53.257
But when that tool starts to, well, take our jobs, pollute our waters,
00:27:54.114 --> 00:27:57.477
take our electricity, I've got a problem with it, you know.
00:27:58.017 --> 00:28:01.944
But again, there have been report records. And if you've listened to my podcast,
00:28:01.944 --> 00:28:04.792
you've heard me rattle this on that,
00:28:06.225 --> 00:28:15.223
there's a lot of data saying that you and I using a search bar or chat GPT or whatever we're using.
00:28:15.769 --> 00:28:19.867
Or running videos on the cloud, you know.
00:28:22.178 --> 00:28:25.103
A lot of those do not,
00:28:27.328 --> 00:28:32.697
require a data center to do you know they just don't,
00:28:33.696 --> 00:28:39.901
um that is major stuff like i would only assume clock cameras,
00:28:40.695 --> 00:28:48.932
you know might be part of the problem um big business um might be part of it um.
00:28:51.301 --> 00:28:55.555
I don't know but you know how i feel about that i'm not i have a big thing about
00:28:55.555 --> 00:29:00.217
data centers I'm not a fan. I'm just not a fan at all.
00:29:02.121 --> 00:29:08.768
And I feel like a hypocrite because I like technology. I want Star Trek, you know what I mean?
00:29:10.957 --> 00:29:15.245
But I don't want to lose what we have because of it, you know?
00:29:15.245 --> 00:29:23.931
I don't want people to lose their jobs or, you know what I'm saying, or water's polluted or,
00:29:25.881 --> 00:29:31.315
electric grids being burned up or whatever else may come. I don't know.
00:29:31.553 --> 00:29:33.654
I'm pulling straws out of a hat here, Laura.
00:29:35.035 --> 00:29:41.905
So I just think that this adds to, but the biggest thing for me is I think they're
00:29:41.905 --> 00:29:49.280
pushing it so much and the advancement of it so much that the regulatory process has not caught up.
00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:51.689
Does that make sense? Yeah.
00:29:54.481 --> 00:29:57.233
I just think there needs to be a lot more oversight, you know?
00:29:57.407 --> 00:30:00.266
I don't think it should be like, oh, you got a free ticket to ride.
00:30:01.106 --> 00:30:07.020
Exactly. Yeah, no, I think you said it well, that there still needs to be that,
00:30:07.600 --> 00:30:11.374
investigation into things. You can't just take it.
00:30:12.686 --> 00:30:19.025
Right, it's like the internet. Many people were not fans of the internet.
00:30:19.866 --> 00:30:25.706
Um and when we had the first stock thing the the internet.com the dot-com thing
00:30:25.706 --> 00:30:29.716
where that blew the stock market because they put a lot into it they rushed
00:30:29.716 --> 00:30:33.006
it like oh the internet's gonna be everything everything's gonna be on the internet
00:30:33.006 --> 00:30:34.048
everything's gonna be on the internet
00:30:34.443 --> 00:30:37.601
and they rushed it and then what happened we had a dot-com crash,
00:30:38.666 --> 00:30:41.906
but we didn't get rid of it it's still here today you know we still have the
00:30:41.906 --> 00:30:47.142
internet we still have you know well not just the internet i guess um,
00:30:48.396 --> 00:30:51.836
there's a whole lot to that websites everything all of that's on there you know
00:30:51.836 --> 00:31:01.026
what i mean it didn't go away it's still here so but i don't know the more research
00:31:01.026 --> 00:31:03.206
i do laura the more i'm like what the heck.
00:31:05.625 --> 00:31:13.236
Oh yeah for sure so speaking of research our sources for today is the u.s Supreme
00:31:13.236 --> 00:31:18.419
Court versus Carpenter versus United States 2018.
00:31:19.886 --> 00:31:24.915
Virginia Court of Appeals, Commonwealth of Virginia versus Ronnie D. Church.
00:31:25.037 --> 00:31:30.174
CBS News Colorado. Chrisania Elswitz wrongly accused package that case.
00:31:30.691 --> 00:31:37.425
The ACLU Schmidt versus Norfolk. Block Safety License Plate Reader Production Information.
00:31:38.696 --> 00:31:42.990
That's it. I want to thank you for listening. I know that was a lot to get through,
00:31:44.587 --> 00:31:47.652
but see you next time. Bye-bye for now.
