The Farming Trap

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Eric:
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Today
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is
4
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Friday
,
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October
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13th
.
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This
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is
9
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episode
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five
.
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Hi
,
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Josh
.
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Dr. Stout:
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Hi
,
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Eric
.
16
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How
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you
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doing
?
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So
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I
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am
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going
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to
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talk
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about
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the
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transition
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to
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farming
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and
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the
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farming
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trap
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and
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what
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that
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means
.
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But
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we're
40
00:00:26,856 --> 00:00:26,976
going
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to
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start
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off
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again
45
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sort
46
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of
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where
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we
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left
50
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off
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last
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time
,
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which
54
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was
55
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the
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development
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of
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modern
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humans
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and
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how
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we
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developed
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abstract
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thought
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and
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the
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ability
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to
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make
71
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advanced
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tools
,
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and
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that
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this
76
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coincided
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with
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art
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and
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probably
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a
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transition
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to
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what
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we
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would
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call
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modern
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language
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in
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the
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sense
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of
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being
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able
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to
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convey
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abstract
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ideas
.
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So
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we're
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using
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abstract
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ideas
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in
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our
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language
.
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We're
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putting
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them
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on
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the
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walls
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of
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our
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caves
,
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and
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we're
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using
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them
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to
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understand
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the
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world
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around
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us
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and
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improve
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our
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technologies
.
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So
132
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fishhooks
133
00:01:02,586 --> 00:01:02,886
and
134
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needles
135
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that
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I
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talked
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about
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last
140
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time
.
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So
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all
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of
144
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this
145
00:01:05,736 --> 00:01:05,856
is
146
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happening
147
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at
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sort
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of
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the
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end
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of
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the
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middle
155
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Stone
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Age
.
157
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Middle
158
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Palaeolithic
159
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is
160
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about
161
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130,000
162
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years
163
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ago
164
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in
165
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a
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period
167
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called
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the
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Imean
,
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interglacial
,
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and
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it
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was
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super
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warm
176
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then
.
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So
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we're
179
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in
180
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the
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middle
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of
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to
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glacier
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glacial
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times
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and
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all
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of
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the
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genes
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that
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had
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sort
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of
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been
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happening
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all
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over
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Africa
,
201
00:01:25,386 --> 00:01:25,896
around
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skulls
,
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the
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beginning
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of
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Chin's
,
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these
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language
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genes
,
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they're
211
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all
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coming
213
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together
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and
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mixing
216
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because
217
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the
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population
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is
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doing
221
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really
,
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really
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well
.
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And
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00:01:33,336 --> 00:01:33,516
so
226
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during
227
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this
228
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time
,
229
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all
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00:01:35,766 --> 00:01:35,886
of
231
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these
232
00:01:36,126 --> 00:01:36,816
characteristics
233
00:01:36,816 --> 00:01:36,996
come
234
00:01:36,996 --> 00:01:37,416
together
235
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into
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the
237
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into
238
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the
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00:01:37,956 --> 00:01:38,346
modern
240
00:01:38,346 --> 00:01:38,676
human
241
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with
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a
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with
244
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a
245
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round
246
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forehead
247
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and
248
00:01:41,136 --> 00:01:41,216
a
249
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chin
250
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and
251
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a
252
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flat
253
00:01:42,186 --> 00:01:42,726
face
254
00:01:42,726 --> 00:01:43,176
and
,
255
00:01:43,896 --> 00:01:43,986
you
256
00:01:43,986 --> 00:01:44,196
know
,
257
00:01:44,676 --> 00:01:45,816
a
258
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smart
259
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brain
260
00:01:46,476 --> 00:01:46,746
with
,
261
00:01:46,776 --> 00:01:46,896
you
262
00:01:46,896 --> 00:01:47,136
know
,
263
00:01:47,136 --> 00:01:47,496
thinking
264
00:01:47,496 --> 00:01:47,796
thoughts
265
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that
266
00:01:47,916 --> 00:01:48,006
they
267
00:01:48,006 --> 00:01:48,156
can
268
00:01:48,156 --> 00:01:48,366
paint
269
00:01:48,366 --> 00:01:48,456
on
270
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the
271
00:01:48,546 --> 00:01:48,936
walls
.
272
00:01:49,896 --> 00:01:50,106
All
273
00:01:50,106 --> 00:01:50,196
of
274
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this
275
00:01:50,346 --> 00:01:50,436
is
276
00:01:50,436 --> 00:01:50,946
happening
277
00:01:51,156 --> 00:01:51,516
roughly
278
00:01:51,516 --> 00:01:51,636
the
279
00:01:51,636 --> 00:01:51,846
same
280
00:01:51,846 --> 00:01:51,906
at
281
00:01:51,906 --> 00:01:51,996
the
282
00:01:51,996 --> 00:01:52,206
same
283
00:01:52,206 --> 00:01:52,476
period
284
00:01:52,476 --> 00:01:52,536
of
285
00:01:52,536 --> 00:01:52,926
time
.
286
00:01:53,286 --> 00:01:53,496
And
287
00:01:53,496 --> 00:01:53,796
then
288
00:01:53,796 --> 00:01:54,126
stuff
289
00:01:54,126 --> 00:01:54,366
gets
290
00:01:54,366 --> 00:01:54,846
bad
291
00:01:54,846 --> 00:01:55,236
and
292
00:01:55,236 --> 00:01:55,326
the
293
00:01:55,326 --> 00:01:55,776
glaciers
294
00:01:55,776 --> 00:01:55,956
come
295
00:01:55,956 --> 00:01:56,346
back
.
296
00:01:56,616 --> 00:01:56,796
And
297
00:01:56,796 --> 00:01:56,946
this
298
00:01:56,946 --> 00:01:57,066
is
299
00:01:57,066 --> 00:01:57,186
a
300
00:01:57,186 --> 00:01:57,636
colder
301
00:01:57,636 --> 00:01:57,966
period
302
00:01:57,966 --> 00:01:58,086
than
303
00:01:58,086 --> 00:01:58,236
any
304
00:01:58,266 --> 00:01:58,896
before
.
305
00:01:59,106 --> 00:01:59,406
Each
306
00:01:59,406 --> 00:01:59,646
each
307
00:01:59,646 --> 00:02:00,006
wave
308
00:02:00,006 --> 00:02:00,096
of
309
00:02:00,096 --> 00:02:00,576
glaciers
310
00:02:00,576 --> 00:02:00,816
goes
311
00:02:00,816 --> 00:02:01,356
further
312
00:02:01,356 --> 00:02:01,476
and
313
00:02:01,476 --> 00:02:01,596
is
314
00:02:01,596 --> 00:02:01,956
colder
315
00:02:01,956 --> 00:02:02,076
than
316
00:02:02,076 --> 00:02:02,136
the
317
00:02:02,136 --> 00:02:02,496
last
318
00:02:02,496 --> 00:02:02,766
one
.
319
00:02:02,926 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
320
00:02:02,926 --> 00:02:03,126
So
321
00:02:03,156 --> 00:02:03,336
we
322
00:02:03,336 --> 00:02:03,456
had
323
00:02:03,456 --> 00:02:03,666
been
324
00:02:03,666 --> 00:02:03,906
we
325
00:02:03,906 --> 00:02:04,026
had
326
00:02:04,026 --> 00:02:04,146
been
327
00:02:04,146 --> 00:02:04,506
making
328
00:02:04,506 --> 00:02:04,986
steady
329
00:02:04,986 --> 00:02:05,856
advances
330
00:02:06,096 --> 00:02:06,546
both
331
00:02:06,546 --> 00:02:06,906
both
332
00:02:07,446 --> 00:02:07,656
in
333
00:02:07,656 --> 00:02:07,836
our
334
00:02:07,926 --> 00:02:09,006
physiology
335
00:02:09,246 --> 00:02:09,546
as
336
00:02:09,546 --> 00:02:09,786
well
337
00:02:09,786 --> 00:02:09,936
as
338
00:02:09,936 --> 00:02:10,206
in
339
00:02:10,566 --> 00:02:11,316
social
340
00:02:11,646 --> 00:02:12,096
group
341
00:02:12,096 --> 00:02:12,866
dynamics
.
342
00:02:12,876 --> 00:02:13,146
Right
.
343
00:02:13,146 --> 00:02:13,266
Well
,
344
00:02:13,266 --> 00:02:13,416
this
345
00:02:13,416 --> 00:02:13,536
is
346
00:02:13,536 --> 00:02:13,656
a
347
00:02:13,896 --> 00:02:14,136
and
348
00:02:14,136 --> 00:02:14,316
then
349
00:02:14,316 --> 00:02:14,586
we're
350
00:02:14,586 --> 00:02:14,826
then
351
00:02:14,826 --> 00:02:15,156
we're
352
00:02:15,246 --> 00:02:15,936
slammed
353
00:02:15,936 --> 00:02:16,236
by
354
00:02:16,236 --> 00:02:16,326
a
355
00:02:16,326 --> 00:02:16,776
new
.
356
00:02:16,776 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
357
00:02:16,776 --> 00:02:16,926
A
358
00:02:16,926 --> 00:02:17,106
new
359
00:02:17,106 --> 00:02:17,376
thing
.
360
00:02:17,376 --> 00:02:17,526
So
361
00:02:17,526 --> 00:02:17,676
this
362
00:02:17,736 --> 00:02:17,916
this
363
00:02:17,916 --> 00:02:18,036
is
364
00:02:18,036 --> 00:02:18,216
this
365
00:02:18,216 --> 00:02:18,366
is
366
00:02:18,366 --> 00:02:18,576
this
367
00:02:18,576 --> 00:02:18,666
is
.
368
00:02:18,666 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
369
00:02:18,666 --> 00:02:18,966
Ice
370
00:02:18,966 --> 00:02:19,236
Age
,
371
00:02:19,236 --> 00:02:19,806
essentially
.
372
00:02:19,956 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
373
00:02:19,956 --> 00:02:20,196
Yeah
.
374
00:02:20,196 --> 00:02:20,376
This
375
00:02:20,376 --> 00:02:20,496
is
376
00:02:20,496 --> 00:02:20,586
a
377
00:02:20,596 --> 00:02:20,796
this
378
00:02:20,796 --> 00:02:20,976
is
379
00:02:21,896 --> 00:02:22,666
a
380
00:02:22,686 --> 00:02:23,046
theme
381
00:02:23,046 --> 00:02:23,136
in
382
00:02:23,136 --> 00:02:23,256
our
383
00:02:23,256 --> 00:02:23,706
history
384
00:02:23,706 --> 00:02:23,856
that
385
00:02:23,856 --> 00:02:24,126
things
386
00:02:24,126 --> 00:02:24,216
are
387
00:02:24,216 --> 00:02:24,636
good
.
388
00:02:25,026 --> 00:02:25,266
We
389
00:02:25,266 --> 00:02:25,686
expand
390
00:02:25,686 --> 00:02:25,776
our
391
00:02:25,776 --> 00:02:26,586
populations
392
00:02:26,856 --> 00:02:27,126
and
393
00:02:27,126 --> 00:02:27,726
usually
394
00:02:27,726 --> 00:02:28,296
associated
395
00:02:28,296 --> 00:02:28,416
with
396
00:02:28,416 --> 00:02:28,656
getting
397
00:02:28,656 --> 00:02:29,346
colder
.
398
00:02:29,646 --> 00:02:29,976
Things
399
00:02:29,976 --> 00:02:30,156
get
400
00:02:30,156 --> 00:02:30,546
really
401
00:02:30,546 --> 00:02:31,056
bad
402
00:02:31,056 --> 00:02:31,236
and
403
00:02:31,236 --> 00:02:31,296
it
404
00:02:31,296 --> 00:02:31,506
gets
405
00:02:31,506 --> 00:02:32,076
dry
406
00:02:32,076 --> 00:02:32,466
and
407
00:02:32,466 --> 00:02:32,636
and
408
00:02:32,676 --> 00:02:32,796
we
409
00:02:32,796 --> 00:02:32,916
have
410
00:02:32,916 --> 00:02:33,006
to
411
00:02:33,006 --> 00:02:33,516
change
.
412
00:02:33,846 --> 00:02:33,996
So
413
00:02:33,996 --> 00:02:34,146
that
414
00:02:34,146 --> 00:02:34,386
happened
415
00:02:34,386 --> 00:02:34,476
the
416
00:02:34,476 --> 00:02:34,716
first
417
00:02:34,716 --> 00:02:34,896
time
418
00:02:34,896 --> 00:02:34,986
when
419
00:02:34,986 --> 00:02:35,076
we
420
00:02:35,076 --> 00:02:35,196
went
421
00:02:35,196 --> 00:02:35,316
on
422
00:02:35,316 --> 00:02:35,376
the
423
00:02:35,376 --> 00:02:36,126
Serengeti
.
424
00:02:36,216 --> 00:02:36,366
It
425
00:02:36,366 --> 00:02:36,606
happened
426
00:02:36,606 --> 00:02:36,666
a
427
00:02:36,666 --> 00:02:37,146
second
428
00:02:37,146 --> 00:02:37,476
time
429
00:02:37,476 --> 00:02:37,626
when
430
00:02:37,626 --> 00:02:37,896
the
431
00:02:38,646 --> 00:02:38,766
the
432
00:02:38,766 --> 00:02:38,976
ice
433
00:02:38,976 --> 00:02:39,276
ages
434
00:02:39,276 --> 00:02:39,816
started
435
00:02:39,816 --> 00:02:40,036
2
436
00:02:40,036 --> 00:02:40,266
million
437
00:02:40,266 --> 00:02:40,476
years
438
00:02:40,476 --> 00:02:40,716
ago
439
00:02:40,716 --> 00:02:40,806
is
440
00:02:40,806 --> 00:02:40,956
when
441
00:02:40,956 --> 00:02:41,046
we
442
00:02:41,046 --> 00:02:41,226
got
443
00:02:41,226 --> 00:02:41,316
the
444
00:02:41,316 --> 00:02:41,496
big
445
00:02:41,496 --> 00:02:42,096
brains
446
00:02:42,876 --> 00:02:43,176
and
447
00:02:43,176 --> 00:02:43,356
then
448
00:02:43,356 --> 00:02:43,446
it
449
00:02:43,446 --> 00:02:43,806
happened
450
00:02:43,806 --> 00:02:44,406
again
451
00:02:44,886 --> 00:02:45,066
at
452
00:02:45,066 --> 00:02:45,186
the
453
00:02:45,186 --> 00:02:45,366
end
454
00:02:45,366 --> 00:02:45,426
of
455
00:02:45,426 --> 00:02:45,546
the
456
00:02:45,546 --> 00:02:45,846
Indian
457
00:02:45,856 --> 00:02:46,746
interglacial
.
458
00:02:46,956 --> 00:02:47,166
And
459
00:02:47,166 --> 00:02:47,346
so
460
00:02:47,346 --> 00:02:47,826
now
461
00:02:47,826 --> 00:02:47,976
it
462
00:02:47,976 --> 00:02:48,156
was
463
00:02:48,156 --> 00:02:48,546
time
464
00:02:48,546 --> 00:02:48,696
to
465
00:02:48,696 --> 00:02:49,176
move
466
00:02:49,176 --> 00:02:49,686
because
467
00:02:49,686 --> 00:02:49,836
our
468
00:02:49,836 --> 00:02:50,406
population
469
00:02:50,406 --> 00:02:50,556
was
470
00:02:50,556 --> 00:02:51,246
crashing
.
471
00:02:51,646 --> 00:02:51,776
We
472
00:02:51,936 --> 00:02:52,236
we
473
00:02:52,236 --> 00:02:52,416
were
,
474
00:02:52,416 --> 00:02:52,566
we
475
00:02:52,566 --> 00:02:52,836
were
476
00:02:54,096 --> 00:02:54,516
everyone
477
00:02:54,516 --> 00:02:54,666
was
478
00:02:54,666 --> 00:02:55,026
dying
479
00:02:55,026 --> 00:02:55,296
because
480
00:02:55,296 --> 00:02:55,416
there
481
00:02:55,416 --> 00:02:55,596
was
482
00:02:55,596 --> 00:02:55,716
there
483
00:02:55,716 --> 00:02:55,866
was
484
00:02:55,866 --> 00:02:56,046
no
485
00:02:56,046 --> 00:02:56,556
water
.
486
00:02:57,066 --> 00:02:57,516
The
487
00:02:57,516 --> 00:02:57,786
game
488
00:02:57,786 --> 00:02:57,966
was
489
00:02:57,966 --> 00:02:58,476
dying
.
490
00:02:58,746 --> 00:02:58,956
All
491
00:02:58,956 --> 00:02:59,046
the
492
00:02:59,046 --> 00:02:59,286
food
493
00:02:59,286 --> 00:02:59,436
was
494
00:02:59,436 --> 00:02:59,886
dying
.
495
00:03:00,516 --> 00:03:00,756
And
496
00:03:00,756 --> 00:03:01,176
so
497
00:03:01,386 --> 00:03:02,136
waves
498
00:03:02,136 --> 00:03:02,526
started
499
00:03:02,526 --> 00:03:02,616
to
500
00:03:02,616 --> 00:03:02,916
leave
501
00:03:02,916 --> 00:03:03,426
Africa
502
00:03:03,426 --> 00:03:03,546
and
503
00:03:03,576 --> 00:03:03,666
there
504
00:03:03,676 --> 00:03:03,796
was
505
00:03:03,796 --> 00:03:04,416
probably
506
00:03:04,416 --> 00:03:04,926
multiple
507
00:03:04,926 --> 00:03:05,376
waves
508
00:03:06,066 --> 00:03:06,276
with
509
00:03:06,276 --> 00:03:06,696
one
510
00:03:06,906 --> 00:03:07,236
leaving
511
00:03:07,236 --> 00:03:07,386
about
512
00:03:07,386 --> 00:03:08,016
100,000
513
00:03:08,016 --> 00:03:08,256
years
514
00:03:08,256 --> 00:03:08,616
ago
515
00:03:09,606 --> 00:03:10,116
that
516
00:03:10,476 --> 00:03:11,046
brought
517
00:03:11,286 --> 00:03:11,586
these
518
00:03:11,586 --> 00:03:11,826
new
519
00:03:11,826 --> 00:03:12,606
genes
520
00:03:13,006 --> 00:03:13,266
the
521
00:03:13,426 --> 00:03:13,896
abstract
522
00:03:13,896 --> 00:03:14,256
thought
523
00:03:14,586 --> 00:03:14,946
to
524
00:03:14,946 --> 00:03:15,066
the
525
00:03:15,066 --> 00:03:16,026
Neanderthals
.
526
00:03:16,416 --> 00:03:16,746
But
527
00:03:16,746 --> 00:03:16,896
in
528
00:03:16,896 --> 00:03:17,076
that
529
00:03:17,076 --> 00:03:17,376
first
530
00:03:17,376 --> 00:03:17,736
wave
,
531
00:03:17,736 --> 00:03:17,976
the
532
00:03:17,976 --> 00:03:18,546
Neanderthals
533
00:03:18,546 --> 00:03:18,906
won
534
00:03:18,906 --> 00:03:19,356
and
535
00:03:19,356 --> 00:03:19,476
the
536
00:03:19,476 --> 00:03:19,836
humans
537
00:03:19,836 --> 00:03:20,466
disappeared
,
538
00:03:20,826 --> 00:03:21,516
leaving
539
00:03:21,516 --> 00:03:22,176
Neanderthals
540
00:03:22,176 --> 00:03:22,296
with
541
00:03:22,296 --> 00:03:22,356
a
542
00:03:22,356 --> 00:03:22,596
few
543
00:03:22,596 --> 00:03:22,776
new
544
00:03:22,776 --> 00:03:23,346
capabilities
.
545
00:03:23,346 --> 00:03:23,466
So
546
00:03:23,466 --> 00:03:23,586
you
547
00:03:23,586 --> 00:03:23,826
start
548
00:03:23,826 --> 00:03:24,096
seeing
549
00:03:24,096 --> 00:03:24,666
Neanderthal
550
00:03:24,666 --> 00:03:24,966
art
551
00:03:24,966 --> 00:03:25,086
at
552
00:03:25,086 --> 00:03:25,296
about
553
00:03:25,296 --> 00:03:25,446
this
554
00:03:25,446 --> 00:03:25,776
time
,
555
00:03:26,046 --> 00:03:26,136
you
556
00:03:26,136 --> 00:03:26,286
see
557
00:03:26,316 --> 00:03:26,826
handprints
558
00:03:26,826 --> 00:03:26,946
on
559
00:03:26,946 --> 00:03:27,036
the
560
00:03:27,036 --> 00:03:27,576
walls
.
561
00:03:28,116 --> 00:03:28,296
So
562
00:03:28,296 --> 00:03:28,446
there
563
00:03:28,446 --> 00:03:28,986
definitely
564
00:03:28,986 --> 00:03:29,226
seem
565
00:03:29,226 --> 00:03:29,316
to
566
00:03:29,316 --> 00:03:29,436
be
567
00:03:29,436 --> 00:03:30,186
something
568
00:03:30,426 --> 00:03:30,666
that
569
00:03:30,666 --> 00:03:31,026
humans
570
00:03:31,026 --> 00:03:31,146
had
571
00:03:31,146 --> 00:03:31,596
invented
572
00:03:31,596 --> 00:03:31,746
that
573
00:03:31,746 --> 00:03:32,166
allowed
574
00:03:32,166 --> 00:03:32,406
this
575
00:03:32,406 --> 00:03:32,676
kind
576
00:03:32,676 --> 00:03:32,856
of
577
00:03:33,246 --> 00:03:33,936
abstract
578
00:03:34,386 --> 00:03:34,956
approach
579
00:03:35,016 --> 00:03:35,156
to
580
00:03:35,616 --> 00:03:36,336
burials
.
581
00:03:37,476 --> 00:03:37,656
The
582
00:03:37,656 --> 00:03:37,986
idea
583
00:03:38,036 --> 00:03:38,316
of
584
00:03:38,316 --> 00:03:38,596
of
585
00:03:38,596 --> 00:03:38,976
of
586
00:03:38,976 --> 00:03:39,426
thinking
587
00:03:39,426 --> 00:03:39,876
about
588
00:03:40,116 --> 00:03:40,266
the
589
00:03:40,266 --> 00:03:40,686
world
590
00:03:40,686 --> 00:03:41,196
outside
591
00:03:41,196 --> 00:03:41,316
of
592
00:03:41,316 --> 00:03:41,856
yourself
,
593
00:03:42,096 --> 00:03:42,516
not
594
00:03:42,516 --> 00:03:43,086
purely
595
00:03:43,086 --> 00:03:43,506
as
,
596
00:03:43,506 --> 00:03:43,656
you
597
00:03:43,656 --> 00:03:43,836
know
,
598
00:03:43,836 --> 00:03:44,256
you
599
00:03:44,256 --> 00:03:44,766
yourself
,
600
00:03:44,766 --> 00:03:44,976
but
601
00:03:44,976 --> 00:03:45,066
you
602
00:03:45,066 --> 00:03:45,246
know
603
00:03:45,816 --> 00:03:46,176
what
?
604
00:03:46,446 --> 00:03:46,836
What
605
00:03:46,836 --> 00:03:46,896
are
606
00:03:46,986 --> 00:03:47,136
what
607
00:03:47,136 --> 00:03:47,196
are
608
00:03:47,196 --> 00:03:47,286
the
609
00:03:47,286 --> 00:03:47,706
animals
610
00:03:47,706 --> 00:03:47,856
I'm
611
00:03:47,856 --> 00:03:48,396
chasing
?
612
00:03:48,606 --> 00:03:48,846
Can
613
00:03:48,846 --> 00:03:48,996
I
,
614
00:03:48,996 --> 00:03:49,146
can
615
00:03:49,146 --> 00:03:49,236
I
616
00:03:49,236 --> 00:03:49,746
represent
617
00:03:49,746 --> 00:03:49,896
them
618
00:03:49,896 --> 00:03:49,986
in
619
00:03:49,986 --> 00:03:50,166
some
620
00:03:50,166 --> 00:03:50,346
way
?
621
00:03:50,346 --> 00:03:50,496
How
622
00:03:50,496 --> 00:03:50,616
do
623
00:03:50,616 --> 00:03:50,676
I
624
00:03:50,676 --> 00:03:50,946
talk
625
00:03:50,946 --> 00:03:51,186
about
626
00:03:51,186 --> 00:03:51,396
them
?
627
00:03:51,636 --> 00:03:51,816
They
628
00:03:51,816 --> 00:03:52,026
seem
629
00:03:52,026 --> 00:03:52,146
to
630
00:03:52,146 --> 00:03:52,236
have
631
00:03:52,236 --> 00:03:52,416
now
632
00:03:52,416 --> 00:03:52,776
left
633
00:03:52,776 --> 00:03:53,286
Africa
.
634
00:03:53,676 --> 00:03:53,826
And
635
00:03:53,826 --> 00:03:53,916
then
636
00:03:53,916 --> 00:03:53,976
the
637
00:03:53,976 --> 00:03:54,126
other
638
00:03:54,126 --> 00:03:54,306
thing
639
00:03:54,306 --> 00:03:54,426
they
640
00:03:54,426 --> 00:03:54,666
got
641
00:03:54,666 --> 00:03:54,966
was
642
00:03:55,116 --> 00:03:55,266
some
643
00:03:55,266 --> 00:03:55,326
of
644
00:03:55,326 --> 00:03:55,386
the
645
00:03:55,386 --> 00:03:55,656
human
646
00:03:55,656 --> 00:03:56,346
mitochondria
.
647
00:03:56,586 --> 00:03:56,736
So
648
00:03:56,736 --> 00:03:56,916
that's
649
00:03:56,916 --> 00:03:57,036
how
650
00:03:57,036 --> 00:03:57,156
we
651
00:03:57,156 --> 00:03:57,336
know
652
00:03:57,336 --> 00:03:57,486
this
653
00:03:57,486 --> 00:03:57,546
is
.
654
00:03:57,546 --> 00:03:57,636
It
655
00:03:57,636 --> 00:03:57,906
actually
656
00:03:57,906 --> 00:03:58,236
happened
.
657
00:03:58,236 --> 00:03:58,326
We
658
00:03:58,326 --> 00:03:58,446
can
659
00:03:58,446 --> 00:03:58,776
find
660
00:03:58,776 --> 00:03:59,016
human
661
00:03:59,016 --> 00:03:59,526
mitochondria
662
00:03:59,526 --> 00:03:59,676
in
663
00:03:59,676 --> 00:03:59,756
the
664
00:03:59,766 --> 00:04:00,426
Neanderthals
,
665
00:04:00,696 --> 00:04:00,936
but
666
00:04:00,936 --> 00:04:01,236
all
667
00:04:01,236 --> 00:04:01,326
the
668
00:04:01,326 --> 00:04:01,626
humans
669
00:04:01,626 --> 00:04:02,196
disappeared
.
670
00:04:03,156 --> 00:04:03,366
And
671
00:04:03,366 --> 00:04:03,516
then
672
00:04:03,546 --> 00:04:04,116
again
673
00:04:04,116 --> 00:04:04,326
this
674
00:04:04,326 --> 00:04:04,596
happened
675
00:04:04,596 --> 00:04:04,836
again
676
00:04:04,836 --> 00:04:05,046
around
677
00:04:05,046 --> 00:04:05,706
60,000
678
00:04:05,706 --> 00:04:05,916
years
679
00:04:05,916 --> 00:04:06,186
ago
.
680
00:04:06,486 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
681
00:04:06,486 --> 00:04:06,666
Now
682
00:04:06,666 --> 00:04:06,906
we
683
00:04:06,906 --> 00:04:07,116
were
684
00:04:07,116 --> 00:04:07,206
at
685
00:04:07,206 --> 00:04:07,386
this
686
00:04:07,386 --> 00:04:07,836
point
687
00:04:08,106 --> 00:04:08,376
Homo
688
00:04:08,376 --> 00:04:08,976
sapiens
.
689
00:04:08,976 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
690
00:04:08,976 --> 00:04:09,156
We
691
00:04:09,156 --> 00:04:09,276
were
692
00:04:09,276 --> 00:04:09,486
Homo
693
00:04:09,486 --> 00:04:09,906
sapiens
694
00:04:09,906 --> 00:04:10,026
by
695
00:04:10,026 --> 00:04:10,206
now
.
696
00:04:10,206 --> 00:04:10,386
Yeah
.
697
00:04:10,386 --> 00:04:10,626
So
698
00:04:10,626 --> 00:04:11,046
certainly
699
00:04:11,046 --> 00:04:11,166
we
700
00:04:11,166 --> 00:04:11,286
had
.
701
00:04:11,286 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
702
00:04:11,286 --> 00:04:11,736
Tried
703
00:04:11,736 --> 00:04:12,186
once
,
704
00:04:12,186 --> 00:04:12,576
we
705
00:04:12,576 --> 00:04:13,476
interbred
706
00:04:13,476 --> 00:04:13,626
a
707
00:04:13,626 --> 00:04:14,076
bit
708
00:04:14,076 --> 00:04:14,376
and
709
00:04:14,376 --> 00:04:14,706
then
710
00:04:14,706 --> 00:04:15,036
just
711
00:04:15,036 --> 00:04:15,366
couldn't
712
00:04:15,366 --> 00:04:15,626
make
713
00:04:15,626 --> 00:04:15,646
it
.
714
00:04:15,666 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
715
00:04:15,666 --> 00:04:16,026
Couldn't
716
00:04:16,026 --> 00:04:16,296
make
717
00:04:16,296 --> 00:04:16,386
it
.
718
00:04:16,386 --> 00:04:16,686
Yeah
.
719
00:04:16,686 --> 00:04:16,896
And
720
00:04:16,896 --> 00:04:17,076
so
721
00:04:17,076 --> 00:04:17,196
then
722
00:04:17,196 --> 00:04:17,286
we
723
00:04:17,286 --> 00:04:17,526
tried
724
00:04:17,526 --> 00:04:18,036
again
725
00:04:18,036 --> 00:04:18,726
60,000
726
00:04:18,726 --> 00:04:18,906
years
727
00:04:18,906 --> 00:04:19,206
ago
728
00:04:19,446 --> 00:04:19,626
and
729
00:04:19,626 --> 00:04:19,686
our
730
00:04:19,686 --> 00:04:20,346
populations
731
00:04:20,346 --> 00:04:20,526
right
732
00:04:20,526 --> 00:04:20,916
now
733
00:04:20,916 --> 00:04:21,716
are
734
00:04:21,726 --> 00:04:21,816
at
735
00:04:21,816 --> 00:04:21,906
the
736
00:04:21,906 --> 00:04:22,296
lowest
737
00:04:22,296 --> 00:04:22,596
point
738
00:04:22,596 --> 00:04:22,986
ever
.
739
00:04:23,016 --> 00:04:23,226
So
740
00:04:23,226 --> 00:04:23,466
Homo
741
00:04:23,466 --> 00:04:23,916
sapiens
742
00:04:23,916 --> 00:04:24,066
has
743
00:04:24,066 --> 00:04:24,246
been
744
00:04:24,246 --> 00:04:24,666
reduced
745
00:04:24,666 --> 00:04:24,816
to
746
00:04:24,816 --> 00:04:25,176
almost
747
00:04:25,176 --> 00:04:25,686
nothing
.
748
00:04:26,096 --> 00:04:26,196
There
749
00:04:26,356 --> 00:04:26,416
is
,
750
00:04:26,556 --> 00:04:26,646
you
751
00:04:26,646 --> 00:04:26,796
know
,
752
00:04:26,796 --> 00:04:27,336
maybe
753
00:04:27,546 --> 00:04:27,846
a
754
00:04:27,846 --> 00:04:28,056
few
755
00:04:28,056 --> 00:04:28,296
hundred
756
00:04:28,296 --> 00:04:28,656
thousand
757
00:04:28,656 --> 00:04:28,776
of
758
00:04:28,776 --> 00:04:28,986
us
759
00:04:28,986 --> 00:04:29,196
in
760
00:04:29,196 --> 00:04:29,646
total
761
00:04:30,246 --> 00:04:30,456
and
762
00:04:30,456 --> 00:04:31,356
60,000
763
00:04:31,356 --> 00:04:31,476
of
764
00:04:31,476 --> 00:04:31,656
us
765
00:04:31,656 --> 00:04:31,896
over
766
00:04:31,896 --> 00:04:31,986
a
767
00:04:31,986 --> 00:04:32,286
period
768
00:04:32,286 --> 00:04:32,376
of
769
00:04:32,376 --> 00:04:32,676
probably
770
00:04:32,676 --> 00:04:32,706
a
771
00:04:32,706 --> 00:04:32,926
couple
772
00:04:32,946 --> 00:04:33,246
thousand
773
00:04:33,246 --> 00:04:33,516
years
774
00:04:33,726 --> 00:04:34,116
managed
775
00:04:34,116 --> 00:04:34,266
to
776
00:04:34,266 --> 00:04:34,836
leave
777
00:04:34,836 --> 00:04:35,526
Africa
,
778
00:04:36,546 --> 00:04:37,266
interestingly
,
779
00:04:37,266 --> 00:04:37,356
you
780
00:04:37,356 --> 00:04:37,506
know
,
781
00:04:37,506 --> 00:04:37,926
through
782
00:04:37,926 --> 00:04:38,376
through
783
00:04:39,336 --> 00:04:39,456
the
784
00:04:39,456 --> 00:04:39,666
Middle
785
00:04:39,666 --> 00:04:40,056
East
.
786
00:04:40,326 --> 00:04:40,746
So
,
787
00:04:40,746 --> 00:04:40,836
you
788
00:04:40,836 --> 00:04:41,046
know
,
789
00:04:41,046 --> 00:04:41,526
Egypt
,
790
00:04:41,526 --> 00:04:42,156
Israel
,
791
00:04:42,396 --> 00:04:42,996
Oman
,
792
00:04:42,996 --> 00:04:43,266
Saudi
793
00:04:43,266 --> 00:04:43,746
Arabia
,
794
00:04:43,926 --> 00:04:44,106
these
795
00:04:44,106 --> 00:04:44,136
are
796
00:04:44,136 --> 00:04:44,226
the
797
00:04:44,226 --> 00:04:44,586
places
798
00:04:44,586 --> 00:04:44,706
we're
799
00:04:44,706 --> 00:04:45,006
moving
800
00:04:45,006 --> 00:04:45,576
into
.
801
00:04:45,966 --> 00:04:46,116
And
802
00:04:46,116 --> 00:04:46,236
it's
803
00:04:46,236 --> 00:04:46,386
where
804
00:04:46,386 --> 00:04:46,476
we
805
00:04:46,476 --> 00:04:46,656
meet
806
00:04:46,656 --> 00:04:46,776
the
807
00:04:46,776 --> 00:04:47,256
Neanderthal
808
00:04:47,256 --> 00:04:47,346
and
809
00:04:47,346 --> 00:04:47,736
interbred
810
00:04:47,736 --> 00:04:47,856
with
811
00:04:47,856 --> 00:04:48,126
them
812
00:04:48,366 --> 00:04:48,606
and
813
00:04:48,606 --> 00:04:48,936
then
814
00:04:49,416 --> 00:04:49,836
quickly
815
00:04:49,836 --> 00:04:50,106
start
816
00:04:50,106 --> 00:04:50,466
wiping
817
00:04:50,466 --> 00:04:50,616
them
818
00:04:50,616 --> 00:04:50,826
out
.
819
00:04:50,946 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
820
00:04:50,946 --> 00:04:51,186
This
821
00:04:51,186 --> 00:04:51,306
is
822
00:04:51,306 --> 00:04:51,426
the
823
00:04:51,426 --> 00:04:51,846
second
824
00:04:51,846 --> 00:04:52,146
time
.
825
00:04:52,146 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
826
00:04:52,146 --> 00:04:52,386
This
827
00:04:52,386 --> 00:04:52,476
is
828
00:04:52,476 --> 00:04:52,566
the
829
00:04:52,566 --> 00:04:52,926
second
830
00:04:52,926 --> 00:04:53,166
time
831
00:04:53,776 --> 00:04:54,126
our
832
00:04:54,486 --> 00:04:54,816
second
833
00:04:54,816 --> 00:04:54,996
lead
.
834
00:04:55,016 --> 00:04:55,146
So
835
00:04:55,146 --> 00:04:55,536
now
836
00:04:55,656 --> 00:04:55,956
we
837
00:04:55,956 --> 00:04:56,226
have
838
00:04:56,226 --> 00:04:56,646
entered
839
00:04:56,646 --> 00:04:57,486
into
840
00:04:57,696 --> 00:04:58,026
an
841
00:04:58,026 --> 00:04:58,386
ice
842
00:04:58,386 --> 00:04:58,626
age
843
00:04:58,626 --> 00:04:59,046
world
.
844
00:04:59,766 --> 00:05:00,036
As
845
00:05:00,036 --> 00:05:00,216
we're
846
00:05:00,216 --> 00:05:00,426
as
847
00:05:00,426 --> 00:05:00,546
we're
848
00:05:00,546 --> 00:05:00,996
moving
849
00:05:00,996 --> 00:05:01,326
into
850
00:05:01,326 --> 00:05:01,476
it
,
851
00:05:01,476 --> 00:05:01,786
we
852
00:05:01,836 --> 00:05:02,106
wipe
853
00:05:02,106 --> 00:05:02,226
out
854
00:05:02,226 --> 00:05:02,316
the
855
00:05:02,316 --> 00:05:02,886
Neanderthals
,
856
00:05:02,886 --> 00:05:03,066
they're
857
00:05:03,066 --> 00:05:03,396
gone
.
858
00:05:03,396 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
859
00:05:03,396 --> 00:05:03,606
Is
860
00:05:03,606 --> 00:05:03,716
it
861
00:05:03,726 --> 00:05:03,846
the
862
00:05:03,846 --> 00:05:04,266
change
863
00:05:04,266 --> 00:05:04,596
between
864
00:05:04,596 --> 00:05:04,686
the
865
00:05:04,686 --> 00:05:04,926
first
866
00:05:04,926 --> 00:05:05,136
time
867
00:05:05,136 --> 00:05:05,226
and
868
00:05:05,226 --> 00:05:05,316
the
869
00:05:05,316 --> 00:05:05,646
second
870
00:05:05,646 --> 00:05:05,886
time
871
00:05:05,886 --> 00:05:06,006
that
872
00:05:06,006 --> 00:05:06,276
allowed
873
00:05:06,276 --> 00:05:06,396
us
874
00:05:06,396 --> 00:05:06,546
to
875
00:05:06,546 --> 00:05:06,786
wipe
876
00:05:06,786 --> 00:05:06,966
them
877
00:05:06,966 --> 00:05:07,116
out
878
00:05:07,116 --> 00:05:07,446
instead
879
00:05:07,446 --> 00:05:07,536
of
880
00:05:07,536 --> 00:05:07,716
just
881
00:05:07,716 --> 00:05:08,136
die
?
882
00:05:08,466 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
883
00:05:08,466 --> 00:05:09,036
I
,
884
00:05:09,246 --> 00:05:09,396
who
885
00:05:09,396 --> 00:05:09,846
knows
,
886
00:05:10,146 --> 00:05:10,326
could
887
00:05:10,326 --> 00:05:10,416
have
888
00:05:10,416 --> 00:05:10,536
been
889
00:05:10,536 --> 00:05:10,866
luck
.
890
00:05:11,946 --> 00:05:12,066
It
891
00:05:12,066 --> 00:05:12,276
could
892
00:05:12,276 --> 00:05:12,366
have
893
00:05:12,366 --> 00:05:12,516
been
894
00:05:12,516 --> 00:05:12,906
improved
.
895
00:05:12,906 --> 00:05:13,476
Technology
.
896
00:05:13,476 --> 00:05:13,626
There's
897
00:05:13,626 --> 00:05:13,896
some
898
00:05:13,896 --> 00:05:14,406
evidence
899
00:05:14,706 --> 00:05:15,156
that
900
00:05:15,786 --> 00:05:16,026
we
901
00:05:16,026 --> 00:05:16,656
fought
902
00:05:16,656 --> 00:05:16,776
a
903
00:05:16,776 --> 00:05:17,286
war
904
00:05:17,286 --> 00:05:17,616
for
905
00:05:17,616 --> 00:05:18,906
5000
906
00:05:18,906 --> 00:05:19,236
years
907
00:05:19,236 --> 00:05:19,326
in
908
00:05:19,326 --> 00:05:19,446
one
909
00:05:19,446 --> 00:05:19,506
of
910
00:05:19,506 --> 00:05:19,596
the
911
00:05:19,596 --> 00:05:20,046
valleys
912
00:05:20,046 --> 00:05:20,166
in
913
00:05:20,166 --> 00:05:20,736
France
914
00:05:20,976 --> 00:05:21,306
and
915
00:05:21,306 --> 00:05:21,696
actually
916
00:05:21,696 --> 00:05:22,266
developed
917
00:05:22,566 --> 00:05:22,956
something
918
00:05:22,956 --> 00:05:23,196
like
919
00:05:23,196 --> 00:05:23,766
arrows
920
00:05:24,006 --> 00:05:24,176
there
921
00:05:24,186 --> 00:05:24,246
are
922
00:05:24,246 --> 00:05:24,696
small
923
00:05:24,696 --> 00:05:24,936
little
924
00:05:24,936 --> 00:05:25,566
triangular
925
00:05:25,566 --> 00:05:26,016
tips
926
00:05:26,016 --> 00:05:26,316
that
927
00:05:26,316 --> 00:05:26,646
would
928
00:05:26,646 --> 00:05:26,886
only
929
00:05:26,886 --> 00:05:27,066
make
930
00:05:27,066 --> 00:05:27,336
sense
931
00:05:27,336 --> 00:05:27,456
for
932
00:05:27,456 --> 00:05:27,756
something
933
00:05:27,756 --> 00:05:27,906
like
934
00:05:27,906 --> 00:05:27,996
an
935
00:05:27,996 --> 00:05:28,266
arrow
,
936
00:05:28,266 --> 00:05:28,506
maybe
937
00:05:28,506 --> 00:05:28,566
a
938
00:05:28,566 --> 00:05:28,896
dart
,
939
00:05:28,896 --> 00:05:29,046
but
940
00:05:29,046 --> 00:05:29,226
more
941
00:05:29,226 --> 00:05:29,676
probably
942
00:05:29,676 --> 00:05:29,796
an
943
00:05:29,796 --> 00:05:30,186
arrow
,
944
00:05:30,706 --> 00:05:30,786
a
945
00:05:30,996 --> 00:05:31,386
super
946
00:05:31,386 --> 00:05:31,746
advanced
947
00:05:31,746 --> 00:05:32,316
technology
948
00:05:32,316 --> 00:05:32,436
that
949
00:05:32,436 --> 00:05:32,556
would
950
00:05:32,566 --> 00:05:32,706
been
951
00:05:32,706 --> 00:05:32,946
very
952
00:05:32,946 --> 00:05:33,326
useful
,
953
00:05:33,336 --> 00:05:33,786
useful
954
00:05:33,786 --> 00:05:34,026
against
955
00:05:34,026 --> 00:05:34,086
the
956
00:05:34,086 --> 00:05:34,656
Neanderthals
.
957
00:05:34,866 --> 00:05:35,046
And
958
00:05:35,046 --> 00:05:35,256
even
959
00:05:35,256 --> 00:05:35,556
that
960
00:05:35,556 --> 00:05:36,336
technology
961
00:05:36,516 --> 00:05:36,846
didn't
962
00:05:36,846 --> 00:05:37,146
allow
963
00:05:37,146 --> 00:05:37,296
us
964
00:05:37,296 --> 00:05:37,446
to
965
00:05:37,446 --> 00:05:37,896
survive
966
00:05:37,896 --> 00:05:38,106
there
967
00:05:38,106 --> 00:05:38,316
long
968
00:05:38,316 --> 00:05:38,616
enough
,
969
00:05:38,616 --> 00:05:38,766
but
970
00:05:38,766 --> 00:05:38,916
they
971
00:05:38,916 --> 00:05:39,126
didn't
972
00:05:39,126 --> 00:05:39,366
push
973
00:05:39,366 --> 00:05:39,486
us
974
00:05:39,486 --> 00:05:40,026
entirely
975
00:05:40,026 --> 00:05:40,206
out
976
00:05:40,206 --> 00:05:40,386
that
977
00:05:40,386 --> 00:05:40,776
time
.
978
00:05:41,076 --> 00:05:41,256
And
979
00:05:41,256 --> 00:05:41,406
so
980
00:05:41,406 --> 00:05:41,466
it
981
00:05:41,466 --> 00:05:41,586
was
982
00:05:41,586 --> 00:05:42,126
probably
983
00:05:42,126 --> 00:05:42,846
a
984
00:05:42,846 --> 00:05:43,266
matter
985
00:05:43,266 --> 00:05:43,536
of
986
00:05:43,536 --> 00:05:43,746
who
987
00:05:43,746 --> 00:05:44,046
was
988
00:05:44,046 --> 00:05:44,646
evolved
989
00:05:44,646 --> 00:05:45,066
for
990
00:05:45,066 --> 00:05:45,126
a
991
00:05:45,126 --> 00:05:45,756
particular
992
00:05:45,756 --> 00:05:46,266
habitat
.
993
00:05:46,266 --> 00:05:46,416
We
994
00:05:46,416 --> 00:05:46,596
were
995
00:05:46,596 --> 00:05:47,436
Africans
,
996
00:05:47,796 --> 00:05:47,976
so
997
00:05:47,976 --> 00:05:48,096
we
998
00:05:48,096 --> 00:05:48,216
were
999
00:05:48,216 --> 00:05:48,996
Africans
1000
00:05:49,536 --> 00:05:49,716
with
1001
00:05:49,716 --> 00:05:50,016
dark
1002
00:05:50,016 --> 00:05:50,556
skin
1003
00:05:50,736 --> 00:05:51,156
moving
1004
00:05:51,156 --> 00:05:51,456
into
1005
00:05:51,456 --> 00:05:51,576
a
1006
00:05:51,576 --> 00:05:52,146
cold
1007
00:05:52,146 --> 00:05:52,716
area
1008
00:05:53,286 --> 00:05:53,436
that
1009
00:05:53,436 --> 00:05:53,586
was
1010
00:05:53,586 --> 00:05:53,886
very
1011
00:05:53,886 --> 00:05:54,306
difficult
1012
00:05:54,306 --> 00:05:54,546
for
1013
00:05:54,546 --> 00:05:54,906
us
.
1014
00:05:55,116 --> 00:05:55,266
We
1015
00:05:55,266 --> 00:05:55,356
were
1016
00:05:55,356 --> 00:05:55,896
acquiring
1017
00:05:55,896 --> 00:05:56,106
some
1018
00:05:56,106 --> 00:05:56,556
Neanderthal
1019
00:05:56,556 --> 00:05:56,886
genes
.
1020
00:05:56,886 --> 00:05:57,006
They
1021
00:05:57,006 --> 00:05:57,306
helped
1022
00:05:57,306 --> 00:05:57,636
us
.
1023
00:05:57,846 --> 00:05:58,116
We
1024
00:05:58,716 --> 00:05:58,866
there're
1025
00:05:58,876 --> 00:05:59,076
some
1026
00:05:59,076 --> 00:05:59,376
groups
1027
00:05:59,376 --> 00:05:59,436
in
1028
00:05:59,436 --> 00:05:59,496
the
1029
00:05:59,496 --> 00:05:59,706
Middle
1030
00:05:59,706 --> 00:05:59,916
East
1031
00:05:59,916 --> 00:06:00,006
that
1032
00:06:00,006 --> 00:06:00,606
acquired
1033
00:06:00,956 --> 00:06:01,096
a
1034
00:06:01,276 --> 00:06:01,716
very
1035
00:06:02,406 --> 00:06:02,796
pale
1036
00:06:02,796 --> 00:06:03,216
skin
1037
00:06:03,846 --> 00:06:04,026
that
1038
00:06:04,026 --> 00:06:04,266
actually
1039
00:06:04,266 --> 00:06:04,446
didn't
1040
00:06:04,446 --> 00:06:04,656
move
1041
00:06:04,656 --> 00:06:04,836
into
1042
00:06:04,836 --> 00:06:05,136
Europe
1043
00:06:05,136 --> 00:06:05,316
until
1044
00:06:05,316 --> 00:06:05,526
about
1045
00:06:05,526 --> 00:06:06,036
4000
1046
00:06:06,036 --> 00:06:06,246
years
1047
00:06:06,246 --> 00:06:06,666
ago
1048
00:06:07,506 --> 00:06:07,806
coming
1049
00:06:07,806 --> 00:06:07,956
from
1050
00:06:07,956 --> 00:06:08,166
Middle
1051
00:06:08,166 --> 00:06:08,466
East
.
1052
00:06:09,426 --> 00:06:10,146
And
1053
00:06:10,776 --> 00:06:10,986
we
1054
00:06:10,986 --> 00:06:11,436
acquired
1055
00:06:11,436 --> 00:06:11,856
some
1056
00:06:13,416 --> 00:06:13,746
immune
1057
00:06:13,746 --> 00:06:14,316
system
1058
00:06:14,586 --> 00:06:15,126
improvements
1059
00:06:15,126 --> 00:06:15,266
from
1060
00:06:15,296 --> 00:06:15,786
Neanderthals
.
1061
00:06:15,786 --> 00:06:15,906
So
1062
00:06:15,906 --> 00:06:16,116
things
1063
00:06:16,116 --> 00:06:16,206
that
1064
00:06:16,206 --> 00:06:16,296
will
1065
00:06:16,296 --> 00:06:16,386
be
1066
00:06:16,386 --> 00:06:16,716
helping
1067
00:06:16,716 --> 00:06:16,956
us
1068
00:06:16,956 --> 00:06:17,076
in
1069
00:06:17,076 --> 00:06:17,166
a
1070
00:06:17,166 --> 00:06:17,316
new
1071
00:06:17,316 --> 00:06:17,646
world
.
1072
00:06:17,946 --> 00:06:18,306
But
1073
00:06:18,306 --> 00:06:18,456
we
1074
00:06:18,456 --> 00:06:18,606
did
1075
00:06:18,606 --> 00:06:18,936
not
1076
00:06:18,936 --> 00:06:19,206
change
1077
00:06:19,206 --> 00:06:19,296
our
1078
00:06:19,296 --> 00:06:19,686
language
1079
00:06:19,686 --> 00:06:20,046
genes
.
1080
00:06:20,046 --> 00:06:20,166
They
1081
00:06:20,166 --> 00:06:20,356
were
1082
00:06:20,356 --> 00:06:20,456
all
1083
00:06:20,496 --> 00:06:21,066
strongly
1084
00:06:21,066 --> 00:06:21,486
selected
1085
00:06:21,486 --> 00:06:21,876
for
1086
00:06:21,876 --> 00:06:21,996
the
1087
00:06:21,996 --> 00:06:22,236
ones
1088
00:06:22,236 --> 00:06:22,356
we
1089
00:06:22,356 --> 00:06:22,596
brought
1090
00:06:22,596 --> 00:06:22,776
with
1091
00:06:22,776 --> 00:06:22,926
us
1092
00:06:22,926 --> 00:06:23,076
out
1093
00:06:23,076 --> 00:06:23,166
of
1094
00:06:23,166 --> 00:06:23,676
Africa
1095
00:06:23,886 --> 00:06:24,066
did
1096
00:06:24,066 --> 00:06:24,356
not
1097
00:06:24,366 --> 00:06:24,636
merge
1098
00:06:24,636 --> 00:06:24,786
with
1099
00:06:24,786 --> 00:06:25,296
Neanderthal
1100
00:06:25,296 --> 00:06:25,796
language
.
1101
00:06:26,556 --> 00:06:26,836
They
1102
00:06:26,886 --> 00:06:27,306
they
1103
00:06:27,696 --> 00:06:28,146
stayed
1104
00:06:28,356 --> 00:06:28,866
purely
1105
00:06:28,866 --> 00:06:29,196
human
1106
00:06:29,196 --> 00:06:29,466
because
1107
00:06:29,466 --> 00:06:29,736
any
1108
00:06:29,736 --> 00:06:30,426
change
1109
00:06:30,426 --> 00:06:30,756
was
1110
00:06:30,756 --> 00:06:30,786
a
1111
00:06:30,786 --> 00:06:31,026
bad
1112
00:06:31,026 --> 00:06:31,476
change
.
1113
00:06:32,406 --> 00:06:32,766
And
1114
00:06:32,766 --> 00:06:32,946
so
1115
00:06:32,946 --> 00:06:33,036
we
1116
00:06:33,036 --> 00:06:33,156
have
1117
00:06:33,156 --> 00:06:33,306
this
1118
00:06:33,306 --> 00:06:33,666
collection
1119
00:06:33,666 --> 00:06:33,756
of
1120
00:06:33,756 --> 00:06:34,116
genes
.
1121
00:06:34,116 --> 00:06:34,236
We
1122
00:06:34,236 --> 00:06:34,476
moved
1123
00:06:34,476 --> 00:06:34,746
into
1124
00:06:34,746 --> 00:06:34,836
the
1125
00:06:34,836 --> 00:06:35,016
new
1126
00:06:35,016 --> 00:06:35,346
world
.
1127
00:06:35,346 --> 00:06:35,496
We
1128
00:06:35,496 --> 00:06:35,736
used
1129
00:06:35,736 --> 00:06:35,916
our
1130
00:06:35,916 --> 00:06:36,546
sophisticated
1131
00:06:36,546 --> 00:06:37,296
technologies
1132
00:06:37,566 --> 00:06:37,686
to
1133
00:06:37,686 --> 00:06:37,896
get
1134
00:06:37,896 --> 00:06:38,016
us
1135
00:06:38,016 --> 00:06:38,346
through
1136
00:06:38,346 --> 00:06:38,526
these
1137
00:06:38,526 --> 00:06:38,766
hard
1138
00:06:38,766 --> 00:06:39,156
winters
.
1139
00:06:39,156 --> 00:06:39,246
We
1140
00:06:39,246 --> 00:06:39,366
were
1141
00:06:39,366 --> 00:06:39,606
living
1142
00:06:39,606 --> 00:06:39,696
in
1143
00:06:39,696 --> 00:06:40,146
caves
,
1144
00:06:40,146 --> 00:06:40,506
often
1145
00:06:40,506 --> 00:06:40,896
particularly
1146
00:06:40,896 --> 00:06:41,136
in
1147
00:06:41,376 --> 00:06:41,826
Spain
,
1148
00:06:41,826 --> 00:06:42,066
south
1149
00:06:42,066 --> 00:06:42,126
of
1150
00:06:42,126 --> 00:06:42,576
France
.
1151
00:06:42,996 --> 00:06:43,266
Other
1152
00:06:43,266 --> 00:06:43,596
groups
1153
00:06:43,596 --> 00:06:43,686
were
1154
00:06:43,686 --> 00:06:44,046
moving
1155
00:06:44,316 --> 00:06:44,466
to
1156
00:06:44,466 --> 00:06:45,036
Indonesia
,
1157
00:06:45,036 --> 00:06:45,366
also
1158
00:06:45,366 --> 00:06:45,606
living
1159
00:06:45,606 --> 00:06:45,696
in
1160
00:06:45,696 --> 00:06:46,146
caves
.
1161
00:06:46,656 --> 00:06:46,836
So
1162
00:06:46,836 --> 00:06:46,956
we
1163
00:06:46,956 --> 00:06:47,406
find
1164
00:06:47,406 --> 00:06:47,556
the
1165
00:06:47,556 --> 00:06:47,856
art
1166
00:06:47,856 --> 00:06:48,516
actually
,
1167
00:06:48,756 --> 00:06:48,876
you
1168
00:06:48,876 --> 00:06:49,086
know
,
1169
00:06:49,836 --> 00:06:50,796
perhaps
1170
00:06:50,796 --> 00:06:51,216
from
1171
00:06:51,396 --> 00:06:51,696
some
1172
00:06:51,696 --> 00:06:52,506
racist
1173
00:06:52,506 --> 00:06:53,526
preconceptions
,
1174
00:06:53,526 --> 00:06:53,766
but
1175
00:06:54,126 --> 00:06:54,576
more
1176
00:06:54,576 --> 00:06:55,026
probably
1177
00:06:55,026 --> 00:06:55,236
just
1178
00:06:55,236 --> 00:06:55,776
because
1179
00:06:56,556 --> 00:06:56,706
the
1180
00:06:56,706 --> 00:06:57,306
caves
1181
00:06:57,426 --> 00:06:57,726
in
1182
00:06:57,726 --> 00:06:58,326
Europe
1183
00:06:58,626 --> 00:06:59,106
showed
1184
00:06:59,106 --> 00:06:59,406
things
1185
00:06:59,406 --> 00:06:59,556
like
1186
00:06:59,556 --> 00:06:59,646
a
1187
00:06:59,646 --> 00:07:00,426
mastodon
,
1188
00:07:00,606 --> 00:07:00,906
whereas
1189
00:07:00,906 --> 00:07:00,996
the
1190
00:07:00,996 --> 00:07:01,446
caves
1191
00:07:01,446 --> 00:07:01,596
in
1192
00:07:01,596 --> 00:07:02,286
Indonesia
1193
00:07:02,496 --> 00:07:02,796
showed
1194
00:07:02,796 --> 00:07:02,886
the
1195
00:07:02,886 --> 00:07:03,216
same
1196
00:07:03,216 --> 00:07:03,606
animals
1197
00:07:03,606 --> 00:07:03,726
that
1198
00:07:03,726 --> 00:07:03,996
still
1199
00:07:03,996 --> 00:07:04,176
live
1200
00:07:04,176 --> 00:07:04,356
there
1201
00:07:04,356 --> 00:07:04,836
today
.
1202
00:07:05,106 --> 00:07:05,286
So
1203
00:07:05,286 --> 00:07:05,376
we
1204
00:07:05,376 --> 00:07:05,676
didn't
1205
00:07:05,676 --> 00:07:06,216
assume
1206
00:07:06,216 --> 00:07:06,396
they
1207
00:07:06,396 --> 00:07:06,516
were
1208
00:07:06,516 --> 00:07:07,026
older
.
1209
00:07:07,686 --> 00:07:07,836
And
1210
00:07:07,836 --> 00:07:07,926
so
1211
00:07:07,926 --> 00:07:08,046
we
1212
00:07:08,046 --> 00:07:08,346
thought
1213
00:07:08,346 --> 00:07:08,556
all
1214
00:07:08,556 --> 00:07:08,646
of
1215
00:07:08,646 --> 00:07:08,826
this
1216
00:07:08,826 --> 00:07:09,096
old
1217
00:07:09,096 --> 00:07:09,366
art
1218
00:07:09,366 --> 00:07:09,756
started
1219
00:07:09,756 --> 00:07:09,846
in
1220
00:07:09,846 --> 00:07:10,116
Europe
.
1221
00:07:10,116 --> 00:07:10,236
But
1222
00:07:10,236 --> 00:07:10,416
now
1223
00:07:10,416 --> 00:07:10,536
we
1224
00:07:10,536 --> 00:07:10,806
know
1225
00:07:10,806 --> 00:07:11,076
that
1226
00:07:11,316 --> 00:07:11,436
the
1227
00:07:11,436 --> 00:07:11,886
earliest
1228
00:07:11,886 --> 00:07:12,126
cave
1229
00:07:12,126 --> 00:07:12,306
art
1230
00:07:12,306 --> 00:07:12,396
is
1231
00:07:12,456 --> 00:07:12,786
actually
1232
00:07:12,786 --> 00:07:12,966
being
1233
00:07:12,966 --> 00:07:13,296
found
1234
00:07:13,296 --> 00:07:13,386
in
1235
00:07:13,386 --> 00:07:13,986
Malaysia
1236
00:07:13,986 --> 00:07:14,076
and
1237
00:07:14,076 --> 00:07:14,676
Indonesia
,
1238
00:07:15,006 --> 00:07:15,186
in
1239
00:07:15,186 --> 00:07:15,906
Sulawesi
,
1240
00:07:16,626 --> 00:07:16,986
and
1241
00:07:16,986 --> 00:07:17,106
it
1242
00:07:17,106 --> 00:07:17,556
shows
1243
00:07:17,556 --> 00:07:17,676
the
1244
00:07:17,676 --> 00:07:18,006
animals
1245
00:07:18,006 --> 00:07:18,126
that
1246
00:07:18,126 --> 00:07:18,336
still
1247
00:07:18,336 --> 00:07:18,486
live
1248
00:07:18,486 --> 00:07:18,636
there
1249
00:07:18,636 --> 00:07:18,906
today
1250
00:07:18,906 --> 00:07:19,146
because
1251
00:07:19,146 --> 00:07:19,266
they
1252
00:07:19,266 --> 00:07:19,446
weren't
1253
00:07:19,446 --> 00:07:19,626
in
1254
00:07:19,836 --> 00:07:19,896
the
1255
00:07:19,896 --> 00:07:20,136
same
1256
00:07:20,136 --> 00:07:20,376
kind
1257
00:07:20,376 --> 00:07:20,616
of
,
1258
00:07:20,886 --> 00:07:20,976
you
1259
00:07:20,976 --> 00:07:21,126
know
,
1260
00:07:21,126 --> 00:07:21,576
climate
1261
00:07:21,576 --> 00:07:21,936
change
1262
00:07:21,936 --> 00:07:22,086
as
1263
00:07:22,086 --> 00:07:22,386
Europe
1264
00:07:22,386 --> 00:07:22,686
was
.
1265
00:07:22,686 --> 00:07:22,896
Right
.
1266
00:07:22,896 --> 00:07:23,046
So
1267
00:07:23,046 --> 00:07:23,286
Europe
1268
00:07:23,286 --> 00:07:23,406
was
1269
00:07:23,406 --> 00:07:23,466
in
1270
00:07:23,466 --> 00:07:23,526
the
1271
00:07:23,526 --> 00:07:23,706
middle
1272
00:07:23,706 --> 00:07:23,766
of
1273
00:07:23,766 --> 00:07:23,856
a
1274
00:07:24,066 --> 00:07:24,636
major
1275
00:07:24,636 --> 00:07:24,936
ice
1276
00:07:24,936 --> 00:07:25,326
age
1277
00:07:25,476 --> 00:07:25,686
with
1278
00:07:25,686 --> 00:07:26,106
very
1279
00:07:26,106 --> 00:07:26,406
different
1280
00:07:26,406 --> 00:07:27,006
animals
1281
00:07:27,666 --> 00:07:28,146
and
1282
00:07:28,836 --> 00:07:29,316
huge
1283
00:07:29,316 --> 00:07:29,736
pressure
1284
00:07:29,736 --> 00:07:29,946
from
1285
00:07:29,946 --> 00:07:30,036
the
1286
00:07:30,036 --> 00:07:30,366
humans
1287
00:07:30,366 --> 00:07:30,636
living
1288
00:07:30,636 --> 00:07:30,996
there
1289
00:07:31,116 --> 00:07:31,356
on
1290
00:07:31,356 --> 00:07:31,536
those
1291
00:07:31,536 --> 00:07:32,106
animals
.
1292
00:07:32,856 --> 00:07:33,096
And
1293
00:07:33,096 --> 00:07:33,246
so
1294
00:07:33,246 --> 00:07:33,396
they
1295
00:07:33,396 --> 00:07:33,816
changed
1296
00:07:33,816 --> 00:07:33,876
a
1297
00:07:33,876 --> 00:07:34,086
lot
1298
00:07:34,086 --> 00:07:34,356
after
1299
00:07:34,356 --> 00:07:34,446
the
1300
00:07:34,446 --> 00:07:34,626
Ice
1301
00:07:34,626 --> 00:07:34,806
Age
,
1302
00:07:34,806 --> 00:07:34,926
where
1303
00:07:35,676 --> 00:07:35,976
Indonesia
1304
00:07:36,126 --> 00:07:36,246
is
1305
00:07:36,246 --> 00:07:36,696
tropical
,
1306
00:07:36,696 --> 00:07:36,996
Malaysia
1307
00:07:36,996 --> 00:07:37,086
is
1308
00:07:37,086 --> 00:07:37,596
tropical
.
1309
00:07:37,746 --> 00:07:37,856
So
1310
00:07:37,876 --> 00:07:37,956
these
1311
00:07:37,956 --> 00:07:38,256
animals
1312
00:07:38,256 --> 00:07:38,436
didn't
1313
00:07:38,436 --> 00:07:38,766
change
.
1314
00:07:38,766 --> 00:07:38,856
And
1315
00:07:38,856 --> 00:07:39,186
so
1316
00:07:39,396 --> 00:07:39,576
what
1317
00:07:39,576 --> 00:07:39,696
we
1318
00:07:39,696 --> 00:07:39,936
see
1319
00:07:39,936 --> 00:07:40,326
there
1320
00:07:40,326 --> 00:07:40,686
is
,
1321
00:07:40,686 --> 00:07:41,106
is
1322
00:07:41,156 --> 00:07:41,946
AI
1323
00:07:42,276 --> 00:07:42,486
the
1324
00:07:42,486 --> 00:07:42,876
first
1325
00:07:42,876 --> 00:07:43,146
art
,
1326
00:07:43,146 --> 00:07:43,326
and
1327
00:07:43,326 --> 00:07:43,446
we've
1328
00:07:43,446 --> 00:07:43,656
only
1329
00:07:43,656 --> 00:07:44,196
recently
1330
00:07:44,196 --> 00:07:44,446
really
1331
00:07:44,446 --> 00:07:44,616
within
1332
00:07:44,616 --> 00:07:44,666
the
1333
00:07:44,666 --> 00:07:44,946
last
1334
00:07:44,946 --> 00:07:45,216
five
1335
00:07:45,216 --> 00:07:45,636
years
,
1336
00:07:45,906 --> 00:07:46,386
realized
1337
00:07:46,386 --> 00:07:46,466
that
1338
00:07:46,466 --> 00:07:46,626
this
1339
00:07:46,626 --> 00:07:46,776
is
1340
00:07:46,776 --> 00:07:47,106
true
,
1341
00:07:47,106 --> 00:07:47,316
that
1342
00:07:47,316 --> 00:07:47,496
it
1343
00:07:47,496 --> 00:07:47,856
wasn't
1344
00:07:47,886 --> 00:07:48,216
Europe
,
1345
00:07:48,216 --> 00:07:48,336
it
1346
00:07:48,336 --> 00:07:48,606
was
1347
00:07:48,816 --> 00:07:49,326
everywhere
1348
00:07:49,326 --> 00:07:49,656
humans
1349
00:07:49,656 --> 00:07:49,776
were
1350
00:07:49,776 --> 00:07:50,226
going
1351
00:07:50,406 --> 00:07:50,616
and
1352
00:07:50,616 --> 00:07:51,006
everywhere
1353
00:07:51,006 --> 00:07:51,126
where
1354
00:07:51,126 --> 00:07:51,276
they
1355
00:07:51,276 --> 00:07:51,516
lived
1356
00:07:51,516 --> 00:07:51,606
in
1357
00:07:51,606 --> 00:07:51,636
a
1358
00:07:51,636 --> 00:07:52,056
place
1359
00:07:52,056 --> 00:07:52,266
like
1360
00:07:52,266 --> 00:07:52,326
a
1361
00:07:52,326 --> 00:07:52,836
cave
1362
00:07:52,956 --> 00:07:53,196
where
1363
00:07:53,196 --> 00:07:53,316
you
1364
00:07:53,316 --> 00:07:53,436
could
1365
00:07:53,436 --> 00:07:53,706
paint
1366
00:07:53,706 --> 00:07:53,826
on
1367
00:07:53,826 --> 00:07:53,886
the
1368
00:07:53,886 --> 00:07:54,096
wall
1369
00:07:54,096 --> 00:07:54,216
and
1370
00:07:54,216 --> 00:07:54,306
it
1371
00:07:54,306 --> 00:07:54,576
wouldn't
1372
00:07:54,576 --> 00:07:54,846
get
1373
00:07:54,846 --> 00:07:55,356
decayed
.
1374
00:07:55,356 --> 00:07:55,536
I'm
1375
00:07:55,536 --> 00:07:55,776
sure
1376
00:07:55,776 --> 00:07:55,896
we
1377
00:07:55,896 --> 00:07:55,986
were
1378
00:07:55,986 --> 00:07:56,286
painting
1379
00:07:56,286 --> 00:07:56,406
on
1380
00:07:56,406 --> 00:07:56,796
everything
1381
00:07:56,796 --> 00:07:56,886
we
1382
00:07:56,886 --> 00:07:57,126
saw
1383
00:07:57,126 --> 00:07:57,306
like
1384
00:07:57,306 --> 00:07:57,876
trees
,
1385
00:07:58,206 --> 00:07:58,506
but
1386
00:07:58,506 --> 00:07:58,566
the
1387
00:07:58,566 --> 00:07:58,896
trees
1388
00:07:58,896 --> 00:07:59,106
didn't
1389
00:07:59,106 --> 00:07:59,616
last
.
1390
00:07:59,946 --> 00:08:00,396
So
1391
00:08:00,396 --> 00:08:00,726
I
1392
00:08:00,726 --> 00:08:01,026
only
.
1393
00:08:01,026 --> 00:08:01,266
Only
1394
00:08:01,266 --> 00:08:01,356
the
1395
00:08:01,356 --> 00:08:01,626
cave
1396
00:08:01,626 --> 00:08:01,986
paintings
1397
00:08:01,986 --> 00:08:02,616
survived
.
1398
00:08:02,616 --> 00:08:03,126
And
1399
00:08:03,336 --> 00:08:03,426
you
1400
00:08:03,426 --> 00:08:03,546
know
,
1401
00:08:03,546 --> 00:08:03,636
our
1402
00:08:03,636 --> 00:08:04,236
preconceptions
,
1403
00:08:04,236 --> 00:08:04,446
whether
1404
00:08:04,446 --> 00:08:04,506
it
1405
00:08:04,506 --> 00:08:04,596
was
1406
00:08:04,596 --> 00:08:04,716
all
1407
00:08:04,716 --> 00:08:05,046
Europe
.
1408
00:08:05,046 --> 00:08:05,136
And
1409
00:08:05,136 --> 00:08:05,256
now
1410
00:08:05,256 --> 00:08:05,376
we
1411
00:08:05,376 --> 00:08:05,796
understand
1412
00:08:05,796 --> 00:08:05,886
it
1413
00:08:05,886 --> 00:08:06,036
was
1414
00:08:06,036 --> 00:08:06,486
everywhere
1415
00:08:06,486 --> 00:08:06,606
we
1416
00:08:06,606 --> 00:08:06,966
went
.
1417
00:08:07,326 --> 00:08:07,566
So
1418
00:08:07,566 --> 00:08:07,626
it
1419
00:08:07,626 --> 00:08:07,776
was
1420
00:08:07,776 --> 00:08:08,046
these
1421
00:08:08,046 --> 00:08:08,256
new
1422
00:08:08,256 --> 00:08:09,036
technologies
1423
00:08:09,036 --> 00:08:09,606
associated
1424
00:08:09,606 --> 00:08:09,816
with
1425
00:08:09,996 --> 00:08:10,146
the
1426
00:08:10,146 --> 00:08:10,716
abstract
1427
00:08:10,716 --> 00:08:10,926
thought
,
1428
00:08:11,016 --> 00:08:11,106
the
1429
00:08:11,106 --> 00:08:11,436
ability
1430
00:08:11,436 --> 00:08:11,526
to
1431
00:08:11,526 --> 00:08:11,766
make
1432
00:08:11,766 --> 00:08:12,156
art
,
1433
00:08:12,366 --> 00:08:12,486
with
1434
00:08:12,486 --> 00:08:12,546
the
1435
00:08:12,546 --> 00:08:12,936
ability
1436
00:08:12,936 --> 00:08:13,056
to
1437
00:08:13,056 --> 00:08:13,506
imagine
1438
00:08:13,506 --> 00:08:13,566
the
1439
00:08:13,566 --> 00:08:13,806
world
1440
00:08:13,806 --> 00:08:14,136
around
1441
00:08:14,136 --> 00:08:14,256
us
1442
00:08:14,256 --> 00:08:14,346
in
1443
00:08:14,346 --> 00:08:14,406
a
1444
00:08:14,406 --> 00:08:14,676
different
1445
00:08:14,676 --> 00:08:15,036
way
.
1446
00:08:15,666 --> 00:08:16,266
Presumably
1447
00:08:16,266 --> 00:08:16,386
that
1448
00:08:16,386 --> 00:08:16,746
allowed
1449
00:08:16,746 --> 00:08:16,986
us
1450
00:08:16,986 --> 00:08:17,466
to
1451
00:08:17,466 --> 00:08:17,886
spread
1452
00:08:17,886 --> 00:08:17,946
it
1453
00:08:17,946 --> 00:08:18,156
into
1454
00:08:18,156 --> 00:08:18,336
this
1455
00:08:18,336 --> 00:08:18,636
very
1456
00:08:18,636 --> 00:08:18,936
harsh
1457
00:08:18,936 --> 00:08:19,176
world
.
1458
00:08:19,176 --> 00:08:19,296
We
1459
00:08:19,296 --> 00:08:19,416
were
1460
00:08:19,416 --> 00:08:19,446
a
1461
00:08:19,446 --> 00:08:19,896
tropical
1462
00:08:19,896 --> 00:08:20,496
species
1463
00:08:21,096 --> 00:08:21,276
and
1464
00:08:21,276 --> 00:08:21,366
we
1465
00:08:21,366 --> 00:08:21,486
were
1466
00:08:21,486 --> 00:08:21,786
moving
1467
00:08:21,786 --> 00:08:21,966
into
1468
00:08:21,966 --> 00:08:22,236
Ice
1469
00:08:22,236 --> 00:08:22,416
Age
,
1470
00:08:22,416 --> 00:08:22,956
Germany
,
1471
00:08:23,886 --> 00:08:24,276
and
1472
00:08:24,276 --> 00:08:24,426
it
1473
00:08:24,426 --> 00:08:24,666
was
1474
00:08:24,666 --> 00:08:25,026
very
,
1475
00:08:25,026 --> 00:08:25,236
very
1476
00:08:25,236 --> 00:08:25,596
cold
.
1477
00:08:25,596 --> 00:08:25,746
We
1478
00:08:25,746 --> 00:08:25,836
were
1479
00:08:25,836 --> 00:08:26,106
looking
1480
00:08:26,106 --> 00:08:26,286
at
1481
00:08:26,406 --> 00:08:26,796
mile
1482
00:08:26,796 --> 00:08:27,006
high
1483
00:08:27,006 --> 00:08:27,756
glaciers
.
1484
00:08:28,416 --> 00:08:28,596
There
1485
00:08:28,596 --> 00:08:28,746
were
1486
00:08:28,746 --> 00:08:29,466
huge
1487
00:08:29,556 --> 00:08:29,976
furry
1488
00:08:29,976 --> 00:08:30,546
animals
1489
00:08:30,546 --> 00:08:30,816
and
1490
00:08:31,146 --> 00:08:31,506
people
1491
00:08:31,506 --> 00:08:31,616
who
1492
00:08:31,626 --> 00:08:31,686
are
1493
00:08:31,686 --> 00:08:31,986
just
1494
00:08:31,986 --> 00:08:32,106
as
1495
00:08:32,106 --> 00:08:32,376
smart
1496
00:08:32,376 --> 00:08:32,526
as
1497
00:08:32,526 --> 00:08:32,706
us
1498
00:08:32,706 --> 00:08:32,976
already
1499
00:08:32,976 --> 00:08:33,246
living
1500
00:08:33,246 --> 00:08:33,456
there
1501
00:08:33,456 --> 00:08:33,696
who
1502
00:08:33,696 --> 00:08:33,936
would
1503
00:08:33,936 --> 00:08:34,236
also
1504
00:08:34,236 --> 00:08:34,416
kill
1505
00:08:34,416 --> 00:08:34,686
us
.
1506
00:08:35,076 --> 00:08:35,436
And
1507
00:08:35,436 --> 00:08:35,946
we
1508
00:08:35,946 --> 00:08:36,306
we
1509
00:08:36,306 --> 00:08:36,486
beat
1510
00:08:36,486 --> 00:08:36,636
them
1511
00:08:36,636 --> 00:08:36,876
all
.
1512
00:08:37,216 --> 00:08:37,506
We
1513
00:08:37,686 --> 00:08:37,956
we
1514
00:08:37,956 --> 00:08:38,316
killed
1515
00:08:38,316 --> 00:08:38,376
the
1516
00:08:38,376 --> 00:08:38,616
cave
1517
00:08:38,646 --> 00:08:38,976
bears
1518
00:08:38,976 --> 00:08:39,036
in
1519
00:08:39,036 --> 00:08:39,096
the
1520
00:08:39,096 --> 00:08:39,426
caves
.
1521
00:08:39,426 --> 00:08:39,576
We
1522
00:08:39,576 --> 00:08:39,786
moved
1523
00:08:39,786 --> 00:08:39,936
into
1524
00:08:39,936 --> 00:08:40,056
their
1525
00:08:40,056 --> 00:08:40,416
caves
.
1526
00:08:40,416 --> 00:08:40,756
We
1527
00:08:40,776 --> 00:08:41,016
killed
1528
00:08:41,016 --> 00:08:41,106
them
1529
00:08:41,106 --> 00:08:41,796
Neanderthals
.
1530
00:08:41,796 --> 00:08:41,916
We
1531
00:08:41,916 --> 00:08:42,156
moved
1532
00:08:42,156 --> 00:08:42,306
into
1533
00:08:42,306 --> 00:08:42,516
their
1534
00:08:42,516 --> 00:08:43,026
caves
.
1535
00:08:43,386 --> 00:08:43,866
And
1536
00:08:44,256 --> 00:08:44,556
by
1537
00:08:44,556 --> 00:08:45,186
14,000
1538
00:08:45,186 --> 00:08:45,396
years
1539
00:08:45,396 --> 00:08:45,816
ago
,
1540
00:08:46,026 --> 00:08:46,416
we
1541
00:08:46,416 --> 00:08:46,716
were
1542
00:08:46,716 --> 00:08:46,836
the
1543
00:08:46,836 --> 00:08:47,226
dominant
1544
00:08:47,226 --> 00:08:47,706
species
.
1545
00:08:47,706 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
1546
00:08:47,706 --> 00:08:47,856
And
1547
00:08:47,856 --> 00:08:48,276
so
1548
00:08:48,606 --> 00:08:48,996
we
1549
00:08:48,996 --> 00:08:49,566
sound
1550
00:08:49,566 --> 00:08:50,226
terrible
.
1551
00:08:51,396 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
1552
00:08:51,396 --> 00:08:51,666
We're
1553
00:08:51,666 --> 00:08:52,026
also
1554
00:08:52,026 --> 00:08:52,746
great
.
1555
00:08:52,746 --> 00:08:52,926
I
1556
00:08:52,926 --> 00:08:53,136
mean
,
1557
00:08:53,136 --> 00:08:53,196
you
1558
00:08:53,196 --> 00:08:53,316
know
,
1559
00:08:53,316 --> 00:08:53,466
we're
1560
00:08:53,466 --> 00:08:53,766
so
1561
00:08:54,006 --> 00:08:54,816
we're
1562
00:08:54,816 --> 00:08:55,026
so
1563
00:08:55,026 --> 00:08:55,956
flexible
.
1564
00:08:55,956 --> 00:08:56,046
You
1565
00:08:56,046 --> 00:08:56,196
know
,
1566
00:08:56,196 --> 00:08:56,446
we
1567
00:08:56,496 --> 00:08:56,636
were
1568
00:08:56,636 --> 00:08:57,186
we're
1569
00:08:57,186 --> 00:08:57,516
building
1570
00:08:57,516 --> 00:08:57,696
these
1571
00:08:57,696 --> 00:08:58,386
communities
1572
00:08:58,386 --> 00:08:58,536
that
1573
00:08:58,536 --> 00:08:58,746
live
1574
00:08:58,746 --> 00:08:59,166
together
1575
00:08:59,166 --> 00:08:59,286
and
1576
00:08:59,286 --> 00:08:59,436
can
1577
00:08:59,436 --> 00:08:59,856
survive
1578
00:08:59,856 --> 00:09:00,036
under
1579
00:09:00,036 --> 00:09:00,276
very
1580
00:09:00,276 --> 00:09:00,576
harsh
1581
00:09:00,576 --> 00:09:01,326
conditions
.
1582
00:09:01,476 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
1583
00:09:01,476 --> 00:09:01,686
And
1584
00:09:01,686 --> 00:09:02,106
wiping
1585
00:09:02,106 --> 00:09:02,376
out
1586
00:09:02,376 --> 00:09:03,006
everything
1587
00:09:03,006 --> 00:09:03,126
in
1588
00:09:03,126 --> 00:09:03,246
our
1589
00:09:03,246 --> 00:09:03,696
path
.
1590
00:09:03,816 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
1591
00:09:03,816 --> 00:09:04,086
That
1592
00:09:04,086 --> 00:09:04,416
isn't
1593
00:09:04,416 --> 00:09:04,686
us
.
1594
00:09:04,686 --> 00:09:05,286
Yes
.
1595
00:09:05,736 --> 00:09:05,976
And
1596
00:09:05,976 --> 00:09:06,246
then
1597
00:09:06,246 --> 00:09:06,396
and
1598
00:09:06,396 --> 00:09:06,516
then
1599
00:09:06,516 --> 00:09:06,846
fighting
1600
00:09:06,846 --> 00:09:07,026
each
1601
00:09:07,026 --> 00:09:07,296
other
,
1602
00:09:07,296 --> 00:09:07,446
I'm
1603
00:09:07,446 --> 00:09:07,926
sure
.
1604
00:09:08,556 --> 00:09:09,096
But
1605
00:09:09,486 --> 00:09:10,086
also
,
1606
00:09:10,086 --> 00:09:10,236
you
1607
00:09:10,236 --> 00:09:10,466
know
,
1608
00:09:10,476 --> 00:09:11,076
learning
1609
00:09:11,076 --> 00:09:11,346
how
1610
00:09:11,346 --> 00:09:11,466
to
1611
00:09:11,466 --> 00:09:11,856
build
1612
00:09:11,856 --> 00:09:12,546
culture
1613
00:09:12,786 --> 00:09:13,116
and
1614
00:09:13,116 --> 00:09:13,356
to
1615
00:09:13,866 --> 00:09:14,436
trade
1616
00:09:14,436 --> 00:09:14,616
with
1617
00:09:14,616 --> 00:09:14,796
each
1618
00:09:14,796 --> 00:09:15,096
other
.
1619
00:09:15,096 --> 00:09:15,486
So
1620
00:09:15,666 --> 00:09:15,906
there
1621
00:09:15,906 --> 00:09:16,116
are
1622
00:09:16,116 --> 00:09:16,536
trade
1623
00:09:16,536 --> 00:09:16,776
goods
1624
00:09:16,776 --> 00:09:16,896
that
1625
00:09:16,896 --> 00:09:16,956
are
1626
00:09:16,956 --> 00:09:17,166
now
1627
00:09:17,166 --> 00:09:17,616
moving
1628
00:09:17,616 --> 00:09:18,186
across
1629
00:09:18,636 --> 00:09:19,176
thousands
1630
00:09:19,176 --> 00:09:19,266
of
1631
00:09:19,266 --> 00:09:19,776
miles
1632
00:09:19,776 --> 00:09:20,316
already
.
1633
00:09:20,766 --> 00:09:21,156
So
1634
00:09:21,966 --> 00:09:22,536
Jade
1635
00:09:22,536 --> 00:09:22,716
is
1636
00:09:22,716 --> 00:09:23,076
moving
1637
00:09:23,076 --> 00:09:23,616
from
1638
00:09:24,246 --> 00:09:24,636
the
1639
00:09:24,636 --> 00:09:25,176
Alps
1640
00:09:25,416 --> 00:09:25,866
to
1641
00:09:26,166 --> 00:09:26,706
northern
1642
00:09:26,706 --> 00:09:27,186
England
1643
00:09:27,866 --> 00:09:28,156
or
1644
00:09:28,356 --> 00:09:28,746
by
1645
00:09:28,746 --> 00:09:29,226
by
,
1646
00:09:29,496 --> 00:09:29,616
you
1647
00:09:29,616 --> 00:09:29,766
know
,
1648
00:09:29,766 --> 00:09:30,306
6000
1649
00:09:30,306 --> 00:09:30,546
years
1650
00:09:30,546 --> 00:09:30,876
ago
.
1651
00:09:31,536 --> 00:09:31,836
So
1652
00:09:31,836 --> 00:09:32,016
we're
1653
00:09:32,076 --> 00:09:32,316
we're
1654
00:09:32,366 --> 00:09:32,616
we're
1655
00:09:32,616 --> 00:09:32,946
building
1656
00:09:32,946 --> 00:09:33,846
communities
,
1657
00:09:34,056 --> 00:09:34,236
we're
1658
00:09:34,236 --> 00:09:34,626
building
1659
00:09:34,626 --> 00:09:35,016
trade
1660
00:09:35,016 --> 00:09:35,676
networks
.
1661
00:09:36,456 --> 00:09:36,996
And
1662
00:09:37,176 --> 00:09:38,046
eventually
,
1663
00:09:38,046 --> 00:09:38,466
as
1664
00:09:38,466 --> 00:09:38,556
the
1665
00:09:38,556 --> 00:09:38,946
climate
1666
00:09:38,946 --> 00:09:39,276
begins
1667
00:09:39,276 --> 00:09:39,396
to
1668
00:09:39,396 --> 00:09:39,726
warm
1669
00:09:39,726 --> 00:09:40,176
again
,
1670
00:09:40,296 --> 00:09:40,536
we
1671
00:09:40,536 --> 00:09:40,896
move
1672
00:09:40,896 --> 00:09:41,526
into
1673
00:09:41,676 --> 00:09:41,946
a
1674
00:09:41,946 --> 00:09:42,456
whole
1675
00:09:42,456 --> 00:09:42,846
new
1676
00:09:42,846 --> 00:09:43,526
sets
1677
00:09:43,536 --> 00:09:44,016
of
1678
00:09:44,256 --> 00:09:44,886
abilities
1679
00:09:45,186 --> 00:09:45,606
first
,
1680
00:09:45,606 --> 00:09:46,116
starting
1681
00:09:46,116 --> 00:09:46,506
with
1682
00:09:47,736 --> 00:09:48,186
growing
1683
00:09:48,186 --> 00:09:48,786
grain
.
1684
00:09:49,206 --> 00:09:49,476
So
1685
00:09:49,476 --> 00:09:50,016
around
,
1686
00:09:50,346 --> 00:09:50,406
you
1687
00:09:50,406 --> 00:09:50,556
know
,
1688
00:09:50,556 --> 00:09:51,096
10,000
1689
00:09:51,096 --> 00:09:51,306
years
1690
00:09:51,306 --> 00:09:51,546
ago
1691
00:09:51,546 --> 00:09:51,666
or
1692
00:09:51,666 --> 00:09:52,026
so
1693
00:09:52,026 --> 00:09:52,386
in
1694
00:09:52,536 --> 00:09:52,896
northern
1695
00:09:52,896 --> 00:09:53,436
Turkey
,
1696
00:09:53,946 --> 00:09:54,306
in
1697
00:09:54,486 --> 00:09:55,236
Anatolia
,
1698
00:09:56,286 --> 00:09:57,096
near
1699
00:09:57,096 --> 00:09:57,306
Mount
1700
00:09:57,306 --> 00:09:57,846
Ararat
,
1701
00:09:58,086 --> 00:09:58,746
interestingly
,
1702
00:09:59,916 --> 00:10:00,396
the
1703
00:10:01,626 --> 00:10:01,956
first
1704
00:10:01,956 --> 00:10:02,436
wheat
1705
00:10:02,466 --> 00:10:03,006
develops
.
1706
00:10:03,006 --> 00:10:03,126
It's
1707
00:10:03,126 --> 00:10:03,336
just
1708
00:10:03,336 --> 00:10:03,456
a
1709
00:10:03,456 --> 00:10:03,846
weird
1710
00:10:03,846 --> 00:10:04,536
mutation
,
1711
00:10:04,686 --> 00:10:04,806
you
1712
00:10:04,806 --> 00:10:04,986
know
,
1713
00:10:05,286 --> 00:10:05,526
you
1714
00:10:05,526 --> 00:10:05,676
have
1715
00:10:05,676 --> 00:10:05,826
two
1716
00:10:05,826 --> 00:10:06,216
parents
?
1717
00:10:06,216 --> 00:10:06,336
I
1718
00:10:06,336 --> 00:10:06,516
have
1719
00:10:06,516 --> 00:10:06,636
two
1720
00:10:06,636 --> 00:10:07,026
parents
.
1721
00:10:07,026 --> 00:10:07,116
I
1722
00:10:07,116 --> 00:10:07,236
have
1723
00:10:07,236 --> 00:10:07,386
two
1724
00:10:07,386 --> 00:10:07,596
sets
1725
00:10:07,596 --> 00:10:07,656
of
1726
00:10:07,656 --> 00:10:08,196
chromosomes
1727
00:10:08,196 --> 00:10:08,376
from
1728
00:10:08,376 --> 00:10:08,496
my
1729
00:10:08,496 --> 00:10:08,616
two
1730
00:10:08,616 --> 00:10:09,006
parents
.
1731
00:10:09,216 --> 00:10:09,486
We
1732
00:10:09,486 --> 00:10:09,696
have
1733
00:10:09,696 --> 00:10:09,966
six
1734
00:10:09,966 --> 00:10:10,416
parents
.
1735
00:10:10,956 --> 00:10:11,166
It's
1736
00:10:11,166 --> 00:10:11,366
not
1737
00:10:11,376 --> 00:10:11,646
something
1738
00:10:11,646 --> 00:10:11,736
that
1739
00:10:11,736 --> 00:10:12,216
biology
1740
00:10:12,216 --> 00:10:12,306
would
1741
00:10:12,306 --> 00:10:12,636
predict
.
1742
00:10:12,636 --> 00:10:12,786
So
1743
00:10:12,786 --> 00:10:12,876
it
1744
00:10:12,876 --> 00:10:13,206
really
1745
00:10:13,206 --> 00:10:13,386
just
1746
00:10:13,386 --> 00:10:13,716
happened
1747
00:10:13,716 --> 00:10:13,926
kind
1748
00:10:13,926 --> 00:10:14,016
of
1749
00:10:14,016 --> 00:10:14,466
weirdly
,
1750
00:10:14,586 --> 00:10:14,766
but
1751
00:10:14,766 --> 00:10:14,826
it
1752
00:10:14,826 --> 00:10:15,186
happens
1753
00:10:15,186 --> 00:10:15,336
every
1754
00:10:15,336 --> 00:10:15,516
once
1755
00:10:15,516 --> 00:10:15,576
in
1756
00:10:15,576 --> 00:10:15,606
a
1757
00:10:15,606 --> 00:10:15,756
while
,
1758
00:10:15,756 --> 00:10:16,116
particularly
1759
00:10:16,116 --> 00:10:16,206
in
1760
00:10:16,206 --> 00:10:16,506
plants
.
1761
00:10:16,506 --> 00:10:16,776
Corn
1762
00:10:16,776 --> 00:10:16,896
did
1763
00:10:16,896 --> 00:10:17,226
something
1764
00:10:17,226 --> 00:10:17,646
similar
,
1765
00:10:18,156 --> 00:10:18,336
and
1766
00:10:18,336 --> 00:10:18,486
when
1767
00:10:18,486 --> 00:10:18,546
it
1768
00:10:18,546 --> 00:10:18,846
does
,
1769
00:10:18,846 --> 00:10:18,936
you
1770
00:10:18,936 --> 00:10:19,086
get
1771
00:10:19,086 --> 00:10:19,416
more
1772
00:10:19,416 --> 00:10:19,746
genes
,
1773
00:10:19,746 --> 00:10:19,896
which
1774
00:10:19,896 --> 00:10:20,106
makes
1775
00:10:20,106 --> 00:10:20,466
bigger
1776
00:10:20,466 --> 00:10:20,856
food
.
1777
00:10:21,186 --> 00:10:21,486
And
1778
00:10:21,486 --> 00:10:21,606
if
1779
00:10:21,606 --> 00:10:21,756
we
1780
00:10:21,756 --> 00:10:22,416
cultivated
,
1781
00:10:22,416 --> 00:10:22,536
it
1782
00:10:22,536 --> 00:10:22,686
can
1783
00:10:22,686 --> 00:10:23,256
survive
.
1784
00:10:23,466 --> 00:10:23,676
It's
1785
00:10:23,676 --> 00:10:23,886
not
1786
00:10:23,886 --> 00:10:24,366
great
1787
00:10:24,366 --> 00:10:24,516
if
1788
00:10:24,516 --> 00:10:24,846
something's
1789
00:10:24,846 --> 00:10:25,116
living
1790
00:10:25,116 --> 00:10:25,206
in
1791
00:10:25,206 --> 00:10:25,266
the
1792
00:10:25,266 --> 00:10:25,716
wild
1793
00:10:25,716 --> 00:10:26,016
because
1794
00:10:26,016 --> 00:10:26,226
there's
1795
00:10:26,226 --> 00:10:26,496
other
1796
00:10:26,646 --> 00:10:27,156
factors
1797
00:10:27,156 --> 00:10:27,306
on
1798
00:10:27,306 --> 00:10:27,426
it
.
1799
00:10:27,426 --> 00:10:27,546
But
1800
00:10:27,546 --> 00:10:27,786
once
1801
00:10:27,786 --> 00:10:27,876
you
1802
00:10:27,876 --> 00:10:28,176
find
1803
00:10:28,176 --> 00:10:28,356
this
1804
00:10:28,356 --> 00:10:28,896
wonderful
,
1805
00:10:29,046 --> 00:10:29,556
strange
1806
00:10:29,556 --> 00:10:29,706
new
1807
00:10:29,706 --> 00:10:30,216
mutation
,
1808
00:10:30,216 --> 00:10:30,306
you
1809
00:10:30,306 --> 00:10:30,456
can
1810
00:10:30,456 --> 00:10:30,636
keep
1811
00:10:30,636 --> 00:10:30,726
it
1812
00:10:30,726 --> 00:10:31,086
going
.
1813
00:10:31,416 --> 00:10:31,656
And
1814
00:10:31,656 --> 00:10:32,046
so
1815
00:10:32,826 --> 00:10:33,096
we
1816
00:10:33,096 --> 00:10:33,276
used
1817
00:10:33,276 --> 00:10:33,366
to
1818
00:10:33,366 --> 00:10:33,636
think
1819
00:10:33,636 --> 00:10:33,756
that
1820
00:10:33,756 --> 00:10:33,876
we
1821
00:10:33,876 --> 00:10:34,026
would
1822
00:10:34,026 --> 00:10:34,446
start
1823
00:10:34,446 --> 00:10:34,716
off
1824
00:10:34,716 --> 00:10:34,866
with
1825
00:10:34,866 --> 00:10:35,196
something
1826
00:10:35,196 --> 00:10:35,376
like
1827
00:10:35,376 --> 00:10:35,466
a
1828
00:10:35,466 --> 00:10:36,006
city
1829
00:10:36,186 --> 00:10:36,366
that
1830
00:10:36,366 --> 00:10:36,456
would
1831
00:10:36,456 --> 00:10:36,966
require
1832
00:10:36,966 --> 00:10:37,566
agriculture
1833
00:10:37,566 --> 00:10:37,716
to
1834
00:10:38,136 --> 00:10:38,406
keep
1835
00:10:38,406 --> 00:10:38,466
it
1836
00:10:38,466 --> 00:10:38,916
going
1837
00:10:38,916 --> 00:10:39,156
and
1838
00:10:39,156 --> 00:10:39,306
that
1839
00:10:39,306 --> 00:10:39,426
you
1840
00:10:39,426 --> 00:10:39,546
would
1841
00:10:39,546 --> 00:10:39,786
then
1842
00:10:39,786 --> 00:10:40,076
get
1843
00:10:40,176 --> 00:10:40,536
cities
1844
00:10:40,536 --> 00:10:40,836
growing
1845
00:10:40,836 --> 00:10:40,956
from
1846
00:10:40,956 --> 00:10:41,046
the
1847
00:10:41,046 --> 00:10:41,796
agriculture
1848
00:10:42,336 --> 00:10:42,576
and
1849
00:10:42,576 --> 00:10:42,686
you
1850
00:10:42,706 --> 00:10:42,876
then
1851
00:10:42,916 --> 00:10:43,026
have
1852
00:10:43,026 --> 00:10:43,866
specialization
1853
00:10:43,866 --> 00:10:43,986
and
1854
00:10:43,986 --> 00:10:44,076
you
1855
00:10:44,076 --> 00:10:44,166
would
1856
00:10:44,166 --> 00:10:44,526
develop
1857
00:10:44,526 --> 00:10:44,736
things
1858
00:10:44,736 --> 00:10:44,886
like
1859
00:10:44,886 --> 00:10:45,246
pottery
1860
00:10:45,246 --> 00:10:45,336
and
1861
00:10:45,336 --> 00:10:45,546
things
1862
00:10:45,546 --> 00:10:45,696
like
1863
00:10:45,696 --> 00:10:45,906
that
.
1864
00:10:45,906 --> 00:10:46,086
So
1865
00:10:46,086 --> 00:10:46,146
it
1866
00:10:46,146 --> 00:10:46,356
was
1867
00:10:47,046 --> 00:10:47,646
farming
,
1868
00:10:47,736 --> 00:10:48,606
population
,
1869
00:10:48,756 --> 00:10:49,476
cities
,
1870
00:10:49,836 --> 00:10:50,766
technologies
.
1871
00:10:50,766 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
1872
00:10:50,766 --> 00:10:50,976
But
1873
00:10:50,976 --> 00:10:51,216
that's
1874
00:10:51,216 --> 00:10:51,456
not
1875
00:10:51,756 --> 00:10:52,026
we
.
1876
00:10:52,026 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
1877
00:10:52,026 --> 00:10:52,476
Now
1878
00:10:52,476 --> 00:10:52,566
are
1879
00:10:52,566 --> 00:10:52,986
finding
1880
00:10:52,986 --> 00:10:53,196
out
1881
00:10:53,196 --> 00:10:53,316
that
1882
00:10:53,316 --> 00:10:53,466
what
1883
00:10:53,466 --> 00:10:53,916
happened
1884
00:10:53,916 --> 00:10:54,416
in
1885
00:10:54,906 --> 00:10:55,186
in
1886
00:10:55,266 --> 00:10:55,986
Anatolia
1887
00:10:55,986 --> 00:10:56,166
was
1888
00:10:56,166 --> 00:10:56,676
actually
1889
00:10:56,676 --> 00:10:57,546
ceremonial
1890
00:10:57,546 --> 00:10:57,996
centers
,
1891
00:10:57,996 --> 00:10:58,116
were
1892
00:10:58,116 --> 00:10:58,416
hunter
1893
00:10:58,446 --> 00:10:59,016
gatherers
1894
00:10:59,016 --> 00:10:59,106
were
1895
00:10:59,106 --> 00:10:59,436
coming
1896
00:10:59,436 --> 00:10:59,796
around
,
1897
00:10:59,796 --> 00:11:00,036
things
1898
00:11:00,036 --> 00:11:00,216
sort
1899
00:11:00,216 --> 00:11:00,306
of
1900
00:11:00,306 --> 00:11:00,426
like
1901
00:11:00,426 --> 00:11:00,486
a
1902
00:11:00,486 --> 00:11:01,326
Stonehenge
1903
00:11:01,686 --> 00:11:01,896
and
1904
00:11:01,896 --> 00:11:02,346
living
1905
00:11:02,346 --> 00:11:02,466
in
1906
00:11:02,466 --> 00:11:02,646
these
1907
00:11:02,646 --> 00:11:03,096
areas
1908
00:11:03,096 --> 00:11:03,186
and
1909
00:11:03,186 --> 00:11:03,666
wiping
1910
00:11:03,666 --> 00:11:03,846
out
1911
00:11:03,846 --> 00:11:03,936
the
1912
00:11:03,936 --> 00:11:04,326
grain
1913
00:11:04,326 --> 00:11:04,446
to
1914
00:11:04,446 --> 00:11:04,536
the
1915
00:11:04,536 --> 00:11:04,836
point
1916
00:11:04,836 --> 00:11:04,926
where
1917
00:11:04,926 --> 00:11:05,076
they
1918
00:11:05,076 --> 00:11:05,376
needed
1919
00:11:05,376 --> 00:11:05,586
new
1920
00:11:05,586 --> 00:11:05,976
sources
1921
00:11:05,976 --> 00:11:06,066
of
1922
00:11:06,066 --> 00:11:06,516
food
.
1923
00:11:06,786 --> 00:11:06,896
And
1924
00:11:06,906 --> 00:11:07,116
because
1925
00:11:07,116 --> 00:11:07,296
they're
1926
00:11:07,296 --> 00:11:07,686
always
1927
00:11:07,686 --> 00:11:08,046
throwing
1928
00:11:08,046 --> 00:11:08,166
their
1929
00:11:08,166 --> 00:11:08,406
stuff
1930
00:11:08,406 --> 00:11:08,586
into
1931
00:11:08,586 --> 00:11:08,676
the
1932
00:11:08,676 --> 00:11:09,066
same
1933
00:11:09,066 --> 00:11:09,516
garbage
1934
00:11:09,516 --> 00:11:09,876
heaps
,
1935
00:11:10,146 --> 00:11:11,016
the
1936
00:11:11,016 --> 00:11:11,466
grains
1937
00:11:11,466 --> 00:11:11,586
that
1938
00:11:11,586 --> 00:11:11,766
grew
1939
00:11:11,766 --> 00:11:11,916
out
1940
00:11:11,916 --> 00:11:12,006
of
1941
00:11:12,006 --> 00:11:12,216
this
,
1942
00:11:12,216 --> 00:11:12,306
they
1943
00:11:12,306 --> 00:11:12,756
discovered
1944
00:11:12,756 --> 00:11:12,876
they
1945
00:11:12,876 --> 00:11:13,026
could
1946
00:11:13,026 --> 00:11:13,236
eat
1947
00:11:13,236 --> 00:11:13,386
it
.
1948
00:11:13,776 --> 00:11:13,956
They
1949
00:11:13,956 --> 00:11:14,226
also
1950
00:11:14,226 --> 00:11:14,766
discovered
1951
00:11:14,916 --> 00:11:15,246
they
1952
00:11:15,246 --> 00:11:15,426
could
1953
00:11:15,426 --> 00:11:15,936
ferment
1954
00:11:15,936 --> 00:11:16,056
it
1955
00:11:16,056 --> 00:11:16,386
into
1956
00:11:16,386 --> 00:11:16,896
beer
.
1957
00:11:17,136 --> 00:11:17,376
So
1958
00:11:17,376 --> 00:11:17,566
what
1959
00:11:17,586 --> 00:11:17,736
the
1960
00:11:17,736 --> 00:11:18,096
really
1961
00:11:18,096 --> 00:11:18,186
at
1962
00:11:18,186 --> 00:11:18,276
the
1963
00:11:18,276 --> 00:11:18,696
very
1964
00:11:18,696 --> 00:11:19,416
beginning
1965
00:11:19,416 --> 00:11:19,566
of
1966
00:11:19,566 --> 00:11:20,256
time
1967
00:11:20,736 --> 00:11:21,036
is
1968
00:11:21,036 --> 00:11:21,426
beer
,
1969
00:11:21,426 --> 00:11:21,936
because
1970
00:11:22,446 --> 00:11:22,686
if
1971
00:11:22,686 --> 00:11:22,866
you
1972
00:11:22,866 --> 00:11:23,016
if
1973
00:11:23,016 --> 00:11:23,136
you
1974
00:11:23,136 --> 00:11:23,376
throw
1975
00:11:23,376 --> 00:11:23,466
the
1976
00:11:23,466 --> 00:11:23,706
beer
1977
00:11:23,706 --> 00:11:23,886
into
1978
00:11:23,886 --> 00:11:23,946
the
1979
00:11:23,946 --> 00:11:24,336
fire
1980
00:11:24,336 --> 00:11:24,426
and
1981
00:11:24,426 --> 00:11:24,636
dry
1982
00:11:24,636 --> 00:11:24,726
it
,
1983
00:11:24,726 --> 00:11:24,846
you
1984
00:11:24,846 --> 00:11:24,966
have
1985
00:11:24,966 --> 00:11:25,386
bread
.
1986
00:11:25,536 --> 00:11:25,716
Or
1987
00:11:25,716 --> 00:11:25,806
if
1988
00:11:25,806 --> 00:11:25,866
you
1989
00:11:25,866 --> 00:11:26,016
just
1990
00:11:26,016 --> 00:11:26,166
let
1991
00:11:26,166 --> 00:11:26,256
it
1992
00:11:26,256 --> 00:11:26,766
rotten
,
1993
00:11:26,766 --> 00:11:26,976
sit
1994
00:11:26,976 --> 00:11:27,216
next
1995
00:11:27,216 --> 00:11:27,276
to
1996
00:11:27,276 --> 00:11:27,486
you
,
1997
00:11:27,486 --> 00:11:27,636
it's
1998
00:11:27,636 --> 00:11:27,966
beer
.
1999
00:11:27,966 --> 00:11:28,146
And
2000
00:11:28,146 --> 00:11:28,356
so
2001
00:11:28,356 --> 00:11:28,596
these
2002
00:11:28,596 --> 00:11:28,956
these
2003
00:11:28,956 --> 00:11:29,226
these
2004
00:11:29,226 --> 00:11:29,466
these
2005
00:11:29,466 --> 00:11:30,126
ceremonial
2006
00:11:30,126 --> 00:11:30,696
parties
2007
00:11:30,936 --> 00:11:31,086
were
2008
00:11:31,086 --> 00:11:31,416
based
2009
00:11:31,416 --> 00:11:31,626
on
.
2010
00:11:31,626 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
2011
00:11:31,626 --> 00:11:31,776
Through
2012
00:11:31,806 --> 00:11:32,166
the
2013
00:11:32,166 --> 00:11:32,526
wheat
2014
00:11:32,616 --> 00:11:32,826
into
2015
00:11:32,826 --> 00:11:32,946
the
2016
00:11:32,946 --> 00:11:33,276
fire
.
2017
00:11:33,306 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
2018
00:11:33,306 --> 00:11:33,576
Well
,
2019
00:11:33,576 --> 00:11:33,696
you
2020
00:11:33,696 --> 00:11:34,056
soak
2021
00:11:34,056 --> 00:11:34,176
it
2022
00:11:34,176 --> 00:11:34,356
because
2023
00:11:34,356 --> 00:11:34,476
it's
2024
00:11:34,476 --> 00:11:34,686
too
2025
00:11:34,686 --> 00:11:34,956
hard
.
2026
00:11:34,956 --> 00:11:35,046
You
2027
00:11:35,046 --> 00:11:35,226
can't
2028
00:11:35,226 --> 00:11:35,436
just
2029
00:11:35,436 --> 00:11:35,616
eat
2030
00:11:35,616 --> 00:11:35,946
wheat
,
2031
00:11:35,946 --> 00:11:36,156
so
2032
00:11:36,156 --> 00:11:36,246
you
2033
00:11:36,246 --> 00:11:36,576
soak
2034
00:11:36,576 --> 00:11:36,696
in
2035
00:11:36,696 --> 00:11:36,876
some
2036
00:11:36,876 --> 00:11:37,116
water
2037
00:11:37,116 --> 00:11:37,206
so
2038
00:11:37,206 --> 00:11:37,296
it's
2039
00:11:37,296 --> 00:11:37,956
softer
2040
00:11:38,286 --> 00:11:38,496
and
2041
00:11:38,496 --> 00:11:38,586
then
2042
00:11:38,586 --> 00:11:38,676
you
2043
00:11:38,676 --> 00:11:38,946
think
,
2044
00:11:38,946 --> 00:11:39,166
oh
,
2045
00:11:39,186 --> 00:11:39,666
I
2046
00:11:39,666 --> 00:11:39,786
can
2047
00:11:39,786 --> 00:11:40,236
soften
2048
00:11:40,236 --> 00:11:40,686
meat
2049
00:11:40,686 --> 00:11:41,046
with
2050
00:11:41,046 --> 00:11:41,556
fire
.
2051
00:11:41,616 --> 00:11:41,786
How
2052
00:11:41,796 --> 00:11:41,946
about
2053
00:11:41,946 --> 00:11:42,036
if
2054
00:11:42,036 --> 00:11:42,126
I
2055
00:11:42,126 --> 00:11:42,336
start
2056
00:11:42,336 --> 00:11:42,876
softening
2057
00:11:42,876 --> 00:11:43,026
my
2058
00:11:43,026 --> 00:11:43,416
grain
2059
00:11:43,416 --> 00:11:43,596
with
2060
00:11:43,596 --> 00:11:44,016
fire
?
2061
00:11:44,436 --> 00:11:44,796
And
2062
00:11:44,796 --> 00:11:44,976
it
2063
00:11:44,976 --> 00:11:45,216
might
2064
00:11:45,216 --> 00:11:46,026
boil
,
2065
00:11:46,986 --> 00:11:47,316
but
2066
00:11:47,316 --> 00:11:47,406
it
2067
00:11:47,406 --> 00:11:47,676
might
2068
00:11:47,676 --> 00:11:48,426
solidify
2069
00:11:48,426 --> 00:11:48,636
into
2070
00:11:48,636 --> 00:11:48,786
this
2071
00:11:48,786 --> 00:11:48,936
sort
2072
00:11:48,936 --> 00:11:49,086
of
2073
00:11:49,086 --> 00:11:49,446
burnt
2074
00:11:49,446 --> 00:11:49,806
lump
2075
00:11:49,806 --> 00:11:49,896
of
2076
00:11:49,896 --> 00:11:50,346
stuff
2077
00:11:50,586 --> 00:11:50,736
and
2078
00:11:50,736 --> 00:11:50,826
you
2079
00:11:50,826 --> 00:11:51,246
discover
2080
00:11:51,246 --> 00:11:51,486
things
2081
00:11:51,486 --> 00:11:51,666
like
2082
00:11:51,666 --> 00:11:52,056
natural
2083
00:11:52,056 --> 00:11:52,446
yeasts
2084
00:11:52,446 --> 00:11:52,536
will
2085
00:11:52,536 --> 00:11:52,746
make
2086
00:11:52,746 --> 00:11:52,836
it
2087
00:11:52,836 --> 00:11:53,166
bubble
2088
00:11:53,166 --> 00:11:53,346
up
2089
00:11:53,346 --> 00:11:53,436
and
2090
00:11:53,436 --> 00:11:53,556
then
2091
00:11:53,556 --> 00:11:53,676
it's
2092
00:11:53,676 --> 00:11:54,246
tasty
.
2093
00:11:54,516 --> 00:11:54,756
And
2094
00:11:54,756 --> 00:11:54,906
so
2095
00:11:54,906 --> 00:11:55,026
it's
2096
00:11:55,026 --> 00:11:55,206
it's
2097
00:11:55,206 --> 00:11:55,296
a
2098
00:11:55,296 --> 00:11:55,656
very
2099
00:11:55,656 --> 00:11:56,016
short
2100
00:11:56,016 --> 00:11:56,466
distance
2101
00:11:56,466 --> 00:11:56,796
from
2102
00:11:56,796 --> 00:11:57,346
soaking
2103
00:11:57,346 --> 00:11:57,876
grain
2104
00:11:58,056 --> 00:11:58,176
to
2105
00:11:58,176 --> 00:11:58,656
seeing
2106
00:11:58,656 --> 00:11:58,866
those
2107
00:11:58,866 --> 00:11:59,376
bubbles
2108
00:11:59,526 --> 00:11:59,736
to
2109
00:11:59,736 --> 00:12:00,246
drinking
2110
00:12:00,246 --> 00:12:00,516
it
.
2111
00:12:00,516 --> 00:12:00,756
And
2112
00:12:00,756 --> 00:12:00,906
it's
2113
00:12:00,906 --> 00:12:01,506
alcohol
2114
00:12:01,686 --> 00:12:01,956
or
2115
00:12:01,956 --> 00:12:02,526
burning
2116
00:12:02,526 --> 00:12:02,646
it
2117
00:12:02,646 --> 00:12:02,856
and
2118
00:12:02,856 --> 00:12:03,006
it's
2119
00:12:03,006 --> 00:12:03,336
bread
.
2120
00:12:03,336 --> 00:12:03,486
It's
2121
00:12:03,486 --> 00:12:03,606
the
2122
00:12:03,606 --> 00:12:03,876
same
2123
00:12:03,876 --> 00:12:04,236
thing
.
2124
00:12:05,316 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
2125
00:12:05,316 --> 00:12:05,796
And
2126
00:12:06,096 --> 00:12:06,336
it's
2127
00:12:06,336 --> 00:12:06,546
been
2128
00:12:06,546 --> 00:12:06,816
with
2129
00:12:06,816 --> 00:12:06,936
us
2130
00:12:06,936 --> 00:12:07,446
since
2131
00:12:07,446 --> 00:12:07,956
almost
2132
00:12:07,956 --> 00:12:08,076
the
2133
00:12:08,076 --> 00:12:08,676
beginning
2134
00:12:08,676 --> 00:12:09,096
of
2135
00:12:09,096 --> 00:12:09,846
community
.
2136
00:12:09,846 --> 00:12:10,236
Right
.
2137
00:12:10,236 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
2138
00:12:10,236 --> 00:12:10,506
So
2139
00:12:10,506 --> 00:12:10,806
the
2140
00:12:10,806 --> 00:12:11,006
the
2141
00:12:11,056 --> 00:12:11,496
these
,
2142
00:12:11,496 --> 00:12:12,006
these
2143
00:12:13,266 --> 00:12:13,656
hunter
2144
00:12:13,656 --> 00:12:14,046
gatherer
2145
00:12:14,046 --> 00:12:14,766
ceremonial
2146
00:12:14,766 --> 00:12:15,276
groups
2147
00:12:15,576 --> 00:12:16,116
were
2148
00:12:16,116 --> 00:12:16,656
starting
2149
00:12:16,656 --> 00:12:16,776
with
2150
00:12:16,776 --> 00:12:17,316
farming
2151
00:12:17,316 --> 00:12:17,496
to
2152
00:12:17,496 --> 00:12:17,706
make
2153
00:12:17,706 --> 00:12:18,186
themselves
2154
00:12:18,186 --> 00:12:18,606
beer
2155
00:12:18,606 --> 00:12:18,786
for
2156
00:12:18,786 --> 00:12:18,936
their
2157
00:12:18,936 --> 00:12:19,806
ceremonies
.
2158
00:12:20,496 --> 00:12:20,736
But
2159
00:12:20,736 --> 00:12:21,066
then
2160
00:12:21,066 --> 00:12:21,396
because
2161
00:12:21,396 --> 00:12:21,516
their
2162
00:12:21,516 --> 00:12:22,206
populations
2163
00:12:22,206 --> 00:12:22,296
were
2164
00:12:22,296 --> 00:12:22,566
doing
2165
00:12:22,566 --> 00:12:22,776
so
2166
00:12:22,776 --> 00:12:23,106
well
,
2167
00:12:23,286 --> 00:12:23,526
they
2168
00:12:23,526 --> 00:12:23,946
wiped
2169
00:12:23,946 --> 00:12:24,096
out
2170
00:12:24,096 --> 00:12:24,276
all
2171
00:12:24,276 --> 00:12:24,426
the
2172
00:12:24,426 --> 00:12:24,636
all
2173
00:12:24,636 --> 00:12:24,756
the
2174
00:12:24,756 --> 00:12:25,086
game
2175
00:12:25,086 --> 00:12:25,446
around
2176
00:12:25,446 --> 00:12:25,686
them
.
2177
00:12:25,686 --> 00:12:25,896
And
2178
00:12:25,896 --> 00:12:26,076
so
2179
00:12:26,076 --> 00:12:26,226
then
2180
00:12:26,226 --> 00:12:26,346
they
2181
00:12:26,346 --> 00:12:26,916
became
2182
00:12:27,456 --> 00:12:27,936
obligate
2183
00:12:27,936 --> 00:12:28,446
hunters
.
2184
00:12:28,446 --> 00:12:28,626
So
2185
00:12:28,626 --> 00:12:28,836
they
2186
00:12:29,136 --> 00:12:29,286
got
2187
00:12:29,436 --> 00:12:29,946
farmers
.
2188
00:12:30,096 --> 00:12:30,216
They
2189
00:12:30,216 --> 00:12:30,366
could
2190
00:12:30,366 --> 00:12:30,516
no
2191
00:12:30,516 --> 00:12:30,816
longer
2192
00:12:30,816 --> 00:12:31,566
subsist
2193
00:12:31,566 --> 00:12:32,046
on
2194
00:12:32,256 --> 00:12:32,446
an
2195
00:12:32,916 --> 00:12:33,256
eye
2196
00:12:33,366 --> 00:12:33,786
on
2197
00:12:34,146 --> 00:12:34,836
the
2198
00:12:34,836 --> 00:12:35,166
wild
2199
00:12:35,166 --> 00:12:35,526
game
2200
00:12:35,796 --> 00:12:36,006
and
2201
00:12:36,006 --> 00:12:36,126
they
2202
00:12:36,126 --> 00:12:36,306
had
2203
00:12:36,306 --> 00:12:36,456
to
2204
00:12:36,456 --> 00:12:36,936
move
2205
00:12:37,176 --> 00:12:37,716
to
2206
00:12:37,716 --> 00:12:38,346
farming
.
2207
00:12:38,346 --> 00:12:38,526
And
2208
00:12:38,526 --> 00:12:38,676
this
2209
00:12:38,676 --> 00:12:38,766
is
2210
00:12:38,766 --> 00:12:38,946
why
2211
00:12:38,946 --> 00:12:39,066
it's
2212
00:12:39,066 --> 00:12:39,126
a
2213
00:12:39,126 --> 00:12:39,546
farming
2214
00:12:39,546 --> 00:12:39,966
trap
.
2215
00:12:40,266 --> 00:12:40,656
Once
2216
00:12:40,656 --> 00:12:40,806
you
2217
00:12:40,806 --> 00:12:41,226
start
2218
00:12:41,226 --> 00:12:41,916
farming
,
2219
00:12:42,366 --> 00:12:42,636
it's
2220
00:12:42,636 --> 00:12:42,996
easy
2221
00:12:42,996 --> 00:12:43,086
to
2222
00:12:43,086 --> 00:12:43,266
live
2223
00:12:43,266 --> 00:12:43,386
in
2224
00:12:43,386 --> 00:12:43,416
a
2225
00:12:43,416 --> 00:12:43,896
place
2226
00:12:43,896 --> 00:12:44,016
and
2227
00:12:44,016 --> 00:12:44,106
as
2228
00:12:44,106 --> 00:12:44,196
a
2229
00:12:44,196 --> 00:12:44,466
hunter
2230
00:12:44,466 --> 00:12:44,916
gatherer
,
2231
00:12:44,916 --> 00:12:45,066
you're
2232
00:12:45,066 --> 00:12:45,516
hungry
2233
00:12:45,516 --> 00:12:45,636
all
2234
00:12:45,636 --> 00:12:45,726
the
2235
00:12:45,726 --> 00:12:46,026
time
2236
00:12:46,026 --> 00:12:46,116
and
2237
00:12:46,116 --> 00:12:46,266
that
2238
00:12:46,266 --> 00:12:46,476
gets
2239
00:12:46,476 --> 00:12:46,596
you
2240
00:12:46,596 --> 00:12:46,716
out
2241
00:12:46,716 --> 00:12:46,776
of
2242
00:12:46,776 --> 00:12:46,896
the
2243
00:12:46,896 --> 00:12:47,316
cave
2244
00:12:47,316 --> 00:12:47,526
into
2245
00:12:47,526 --> 00:12:47,616
the
2246
00:12:47,616 --> 00:12:48,186
danger
2247
00:12:48,186 --> 00:12:48,336
where
2248
00:12:48,336 --> 00:12:48,426
all
2249
00:12:48,426 --> 00:12:48,516
the
2250
00:12:48,516 --> 00:12:48,876
nasty
2251
00:12:48,876 --> 00:12:49,266
animals
2252
00:12:49,266 --> 00:12:49,566
are
.
2253
00:12:49,806 --> 00:12:49,956
And
2254
00:12:49,956 --> 00:12:50,076
then
2255
00:12:50,076 --> 00:12:50,166
you
2256
00:12:50,166 --> 00:12:50,346
go
2257
00:12:50,346 --> 00:12:50,586
kill
2258
00:12:50,586 --> 00:12:50,856
something
2259
00:12:50,856 --> 00:12:50,946
and
2260
00:12:50,946 --> 00:12:51,126
run
2261
00:12:51,126 --> 00:12:51,336
back
2262
00:12:51,336 --> 00:12:51,396
to
2263
00:12:51,396 --> 00:12:51,516
your
2264
00:12:51,516 --> 00:12:51,756
cave
2265
00:12:51,756 --> 00:12:51,846
as
2266
00:12:51,846 --> 00:12:52,116
fast
2267
00:12:52,116 --> 00:12:52,206
as
2268
00:12:52,206 --> 00:12:52,296
you
2269
00:12:52,296 --> 00:12:52,686
can
.
2270
00:12:53,076 --> 00:12:53,406
Whereas
2271
00:12:53,406 --> 00:12:53,526
if
2272
00:12:53,526 --> 00:12:53,646
you're
2273
00:12:53,646 --> 00:12:53,736
a
2274
00:12:53,736 --> 00:12:54,366
farmer
,
2275
00:12:54,876 --> 00:12:55,056
you
2276
00:12:55,076 --> 00:12:55,266
have
2277
00:12:55,266 --> 00:12:55,566
food
2278
00:12:55,566 --> 00:12:55,746
all
2279
00:12:55,746 --> 00:12:55,836
the
2280
00:12:55,836 --> 00:12:56,226
time
,
2281
00:12:56,226 --> 00:12:56,346
you
2282
00:12:56,346 --> 00:12:56,496
have
2283
00:12:56,496 --> 00:12:56,586
it
2284
00:12:56,586 --> 00:12:57,216
stored
.
2285
00:12:57,216 --> 00:12:57,276
You
2286
00:12:57,276 --> 00:12:57,426
can
2287
00:12:57,426 --> 00:12:57,636
keep
2288
00:12:57,636 --> 00:12:57,756
your
2289
00:12:57,756 --> 00:12:58,206
grains
2290
00:12:58,206 --> 00:12:58,296
in
2291
00:12:58,296 --> 00:12:58,356
a
2292
00:12:58,356 --> 00:12:58,656
place
2293
00:12:58,656 --> 00:12:58,746
and
2294
00:12:58,746 --> 00:12:58,986
keep
2295
00:12:58,986 --> 00:12:59,136
them
2296
00:12:59,136 --> 00:12:59,646
stored
,
2297
00:12:59,946 --> 00:13:00,126
but
2298
00:13:00,126 --> 00:13:00,366
now
2299
00:13:00,366 --> 00:13:00,486
you
2300
00:13:00,486 --> 00:13:00,666
get
2301
00:13:00,666 --> 00:13:00,906
all
2302
00:13:00,906 --> 00:13:01,026
the
2303
00:13:01,026 --> 00:13:01,236
other
2304
00:13:01,236 --> 00:13:01,656
problems
2305
00:13:01,656 --> 00:13:01,836
because
2306
00:13:01,836 --> 00:13:01,956
you're
2307
00:13:01,956 --> 00:13:02,316
living
2308
00:13:02,316 --> 00:13:02,406
in
2309
00:13:02,406 --> 00:13:02,646
one
2310
00:13:02,646 --> 00:13:03,186
place
,
2311
00:13:03,456 --> 00:13:03,636
you
2312
00:13:03,636 --> 00:13:03,876
no
2313
00:13:03,876 --> 00:13:04,446
longer
2314
00:13:05,196 --> 00:13:05,496
can
2315
00:13:05,496 --> 00:13:05,796
move
2316
00:13:05,796 --> 00:13:05,946
from
2317
00:13:05,946 --> 00:13:06,156
place
2318
00:13:06,156 --> 00:13:06,216
to
2319
00:13:06,216 --> 00:13:06,456
place
2320
00:13:06,456 --> 00:13:06,546
where
2321
00:13:06,546 --> 00:13:06,706
there's
2322
00:13:06,706 --> 00:13:06,726
a
2323
00:13:06,726 --> 00:13:06,906
new
2324
00:13:06,906 --> 00:13:07,296
game
.
2325
00:13:07,296 --> 00:13:07,476
So
2326
00:13:07,476 --> 00:13:07,626
you've
2327
00:13:07,626 --> 00:13:08,016
killed
2328
00:13:08,016 --> 00:13:08,466
all
2329
00:13:08,466 --> 00:13:08,736
the
2330
00:13:08,976 --> 00:13:09,486
animals
2331
00:13:09,486 --> 00:13:09,816
around
2332
00:13:09,816 --> 00:13:10,026
you
,
2333
00:13:10,176 --> 00:13:10,326
and
2334
00:13:10,326 --> 00:13:10,476
so
2335
00:13:10,476 --> 00:13:10,716
now
2336
00:13:10,716 --> 00:13:10,896
you're
2337
00:13:10,896 --> 00:13:11,136
even
2338
00:13:11,136 --> 00:13:11,406
more
2339
00:13:11,406 --> 00:13:11,886
obligated
2340
00:13:11,886 --> 00:13:11,976
to
2341
00:13:11,976 --> 00:13:12,156
eat
2342
00:13:12,156 --> 00:13:12,336
that
2343
00:13:12,336 --> 00:13:12,786
grain
.
2344
00:13:12,966 --> 00:13:13,206
What
2345
00:13:13,206 --> 00:13:13,596
happens
2346
00:13:13,596 --> 00:13:13,716
when
2347
00:13:13,716 --> 00:13:13,896
there's
2348
00:13:13,896 --> 00:13:13,956
a
2349
00:13:13,956 --> 00:13:14,406
drought
?
2350
00:13:14,646 --> 00:13:14,856
Your
2351
00:13:14,856 --> 00:13:15,066
whole
2352
00:13:15,066 --> 00:13:15,426
valley
2353
00:13:15,426 --> 00:13:15,576
will
2354
00:13:15,576 --> 00:13:16,026
die
.
2355
00:13:16,446 --> 00:13:16,596
What
2356
00:13:16,596 --> 00:13:16,956
happens
2357
00:13:16,956 --> 00:13:17,076
when
2358
00:13:17,076 --> 00:13:17,206
there
2359
00:13:17,206 --> 00:13:17,236
are
2360
00:13:17,236 --> 00:13:17,286
a
2361
00:13:17,286 --> 00:13:17,676
flood
2362
00:13:17,676 --> 00:13:17,766
in
2363
00:13:17,766 --> 00:13:17,916
your
2364
00:13:17,916 --> 00:13:18,036
and
2365
00:13:18,036 --> 00:13:18,246
your
2366
00:13:18,246 --> 00:13:18,396
and
2367
00:13:18,396 --> 00:13:18,576
your
2368
00:13:18,576 --> 00:13:19,056
crops
2369
00:13:19,056 --> 00:13:19,176
that
2370
00:13:19,176 --> 00:13:19,236
are
2371
00:13:19,236 --> 00:13:19,326
in
2372
00:13:19,326 --> 00:13:19,386
the
2373
00:13:19,386 --> 00:13:20,076
lowlands
?
2374
00:13:20,076 --> 00:13:20,556
Wash
2375
00:13:20,556 --> 00:13:20,796
away
2376
00:13:20,796 --> 00:13:21,126
again
.
2377
00:13:21,126 --> 00:13:21,246
The
2378
00:13:21,246 --> 00:13:21,456
whole
2379
00:13:21,456 --> 00:13:21,756
valley
2380
00:13:21,756 --> 00:13:21,906
can
2381
00:13:21,906 --> 00:13:22,046
get
2382
00:13:22,056 --> 00:13:22,326
die
.
2383
00:13:22,326 --> 00:13:22,506
So
2384
00:13:22,506 --> 00:13:22,656
the
2385
00:13:22,656 --> 00:13:23,136
farmer's
2386
00:13:23,136 --> 00:13:23,406
life
2387
00:13:23,406 --> 00:13:23,706
becomes
2388
00:13:23,706 --> 00:13:23,856
much
2389
00:13:23,856 --> 00:13:24,036
more
2390
00:13:24,036 --> 00:13:24,786
precarious
.
2391
00:13:25,416 --> 00:13:25,596
Our
2392
00:13:25,596 --> 00:13:25,896
bodies
2393
00:13:25,896 --> 00:13:26,376
shrink
.
2394
00:13:26,826 --> 00:13:26,976
We
2395
00:13:26,976 --> 00:13:27,276
become
2396
00:13:27,276 --> 00:13:27,876
smaller
2397
00:13:27,876 --> 00:13:28,416
because
2398
00:13:28,956 --> 00:13:29,346
when
2399
00:13:29,346 --> 00:13:29,546
there's
2400
00:13:29,676 --> 00:13:29,946
when
2401
00:13:29,946 --> 00:13:30,036
there
2402
00:13:30,036 --> 00:13:30,156
is
2403
00:13:30,156 --> 00:13:30,216
a
2404
00:13:30,216 --> 00:13:30,846
famine
,
2405
00:13:32,256 --> 00:13:32,646
only
2406
00:13:32,646 --> 00:13:32,916
the
2407
00:13:32,916 --> 00:13:33,216
only
2408
00:13:33,216 --> 00:13:33,306
the
2409
00:13:33,306 --> 00:13:33,756
smallest
2410
00:13:33,756 --> 00:13:34,026
people
2411
00:13:34,026 --> 00:13:34,416
survive
2412
00:13:34,416 --> 00:13:34,566
because
2413
00:13:34,566 --> 00:13:34,626
you
2414
00:13:34,626 --> 00:13:34,776
need
2415
00:13:34,776 --> 00:13:35,016
less
2416
00:13:35,016 --> 00:13:35,526
calories
2417
00:13:35,526 --> 00:13:35,616
to
2418
00:13:35,616 --> 00:13:36,036
live
.
2419
00:13:36,276 --> 00:13:36,426
And
2420
00:13:36,426 --> 00:13:36,546
so
2421
00:13:36,546 --> 00:13:36,636
we
2422
00:13:36,636 --> 00:13:36,846
went
2423
00:13:36,846 --> 00:13:37,056
from
2424
00:13:37,056 --> 00:13:37,326
hunter
2425
00:13:37,326 --> 00:13:38,046
gatherers
,
2426
00:13:38,046 --> 00:13:38,136
you
2427
00:13:38,136 --> 00:13:38,346
know
,
2428
00:13:38,526 --> 00:13:38,856
six
2429
00:13:38,856 --> 00:13:39,006
foot
2430
00:13:39,006 --> 00:13:39,426
tall
2431
00:13:39,426 --> 00:13:39,606
with
2432
00:13:39,606 --> 00:13:40,686
1350
2433
00:13:40,686 --> 00:13:41,046
sick
2434
00:13:41,136 --> 00:13:41,676
brains
2435
00:13:41,916 --> 00:13:42,366
to
2436
00:13:42,396 --> 00:13:42,996
farmers
2437
00:13:42,996 --> 00:13:43,116
who
2438
00:13:43,116 --> 00:13:43,256
were
,
2439
00:13:43,266 --> 00:13:43,356
you
2440
00:13:43,356 --> 00:13:43,566
know
,
2441
00:13:43,686 --> 00:13:44,136
five
2442
00:13:44,136 --> 00:13:44,376
feet
2443
00:13:44,376 --> 00:13:44,826
tall
.
2444
00:13:45,036 --> 00:13:45,306
And
2445
00:13:45,306 --> 00:13:45,426
our
2446
00:13:45,426 --> 00:13:45,846
brains
2447
00:13:45,846 --> 00:13:46,026
were
,
2448
00:13:46,026 --> 00:13:46,116
you
2449
00:13:46,116 --> 00:13:46,236
know
,
2450
00:13:46,236 --> 00:13:46,926
1100
2451
00:13:46,926 --> 00:13:47,556
keys
2452
00:13:47,556 --> 00:13:47,946
over
.
2453
00:13:47,946 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
2454
00:13:47,946 --> 00:13:48,096
How
2455
00:13:48,096 --> 00:13:48,336
much
2456
00:13:48,336 --> 00:13:48,666
time
.
2457
00:13:50,226 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
2458
00:13:50,226 --> 00:13:51,126
Save
2459
00:13:51,546 --> 00:13:52,146
4000
2460
00:13:52,146 --> 00:13:52,416
years
.
2461
00:13:52,416 --> 00:13:52,926
5000
2462
00:13:52,926 --> 00:13:53,316
years
.
2463
00:13:54,366 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
2464
00:13:54,366 --> 00:13:54,636
So
2465
00:13:54,646 --> 00:13:54,826
this
2466
00:13:54,856 --> 00:13:55,236
seems
2467
00:13:55,236 --> 00:13:55,836
shockingly
2468
00:13:55,836 --> 00:13:56,256
fast
.
2469
00:13:56,286 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
2470
00:13:56,286 --> 00:13:56,676
Yeah
,
2471
00:13:56,676 --> 00:13:56,886
well
,
2472
00:13:56,886 --> 00:13:57,246
it
2473
00:13:57,246 --> 00:13:57,606
wasn't
2474
00:13:57,606 --> 00:13:57,786
so
2475
00:13:57,786 --> 00:13:57,966
much
2476
00:13:57,966 --> 00:13:58,026
a
2477
00:13:58,026 --> 00:13:58,476
genetic
2478
00:13:58,476 --> 00:13:59,076
change
2479
00:13:59,076 --> 00:13:59,496
as
2480
00:13:59,496 --> 00:13:59,616
it
2481
00:13:59,616 --> 00:14:00,006
was
2482
00:14:00,186 --> 00:14:00,576
very
2483
00:14:00,576 --> 00:14:01,056
strong
2484
00:14:01,056 --> 00:14:01,806
selection
,
2485
00:14:02,316 --> 00:14:02,346
a
2486
00:14:02,586 --> 00:14:02,886
lot
2487
00:14:02,886 --> 00:14:02,976
of
2488
00:14:02,976 --> 00:14:03,066
it
2489
00:14:03,066 --> 00:14:03,246
could
2490
00:14:03,246 --> 00:14:03,336
be
2491
00:14:03,336 --> 00:14:03,516
what's
2492
00:14:03,516 --> 00:14:03,726
called
2493
00:14:03,726 --> 00:14:04,236
epigenetic
2494
00:14:04,236 --> 00:14:04,626
changes
2495
00:14:04,626 --> 00:14:04,716
where
2496
00:14:04,716 --> 00:14:04,806
if
2497
00:14:04,806 --> 00:14:04,926
you
2498
00:14:04,926 --> 00:14:05,346
starve
2499
00:14:05,346 --> 00:14:05,436
a
2500
00:14:05,436 --> 00:14:05,916
mother
,
2501
00:14:06,186 --> 00:14:06,426
the
2502
00:14:06,426 --> 00:14:06,936
offspring
2503
00:14:06,936 --> 00:14:07,056
will
2504
00:14:07,056 --> 00:14:07,506
have
2505
00:14:08,046 --> 00:14:08,556
changes
2506
00:14:08,556 --> 00:14:08,676
that
2507
00:14:08,676 --> 00:14:09,066
are
2508
00:14:09,066 --> 00:14:09,186
in
2509
00:14:09,186 --> 00:14:09,276
the
2510
00:14:09,276 --> 00:14:09,726
genes
2511
00:14:09,726 --> 00:14:09,876
but
2512
00:14:09,876 --> 00:14:10,056
can
2513
00:14:10,056 --> 00:14:10,176
be
2514
00:14:10,176 --> 00:14:10,476
actually
2515
00:14:10,476 --> 00:14:11,016
inherited
2516
00:14:11,016 --> 00:14:11,136
to
2517
00:14:11,136 --> 00:14:11,226
the
2518
00:14:11,226 --> 00:14:11,466
way
2519
00:14:11,466 --> 00:14:11,766
you
,
2520
00:14:11,796 --> 00:14:12,056
you
,
2521
00:14:12,056 --> 00:14:12,426
you
2522
00:14:12,426 --> 00:14:12,666
take
2523
00:14:12,666 --> 00:14:12,936
in
,
2524
00:14:13,236 --> 00:14:13,356
you
2525
00:14:13,356 --> 00:14:13,476
know
,
2526
00:14:13,476 --> 00:14:13,926
sugars
2527
00:14:13,926 --> 00:14:14,016
and
2528
00:14:14,016 --> 00:14:14,106
your
2529
00:14:14,106 --> 00:14:14,676
metabolism
2530
00:14:14,676 --> 00:14:15,066
works
.
2531
00:14:15,336 --> 00:14:15,576
All
2532
00:14:15,576 --> 00:14:15,636
of
2533
00:14:15,636 --> 00:14:15,846
these
2534
00:14:15,846 --> 00:14:16,326
things
2535
00:14:16,956 --> 00:14:17,286
can
2536
00:14:17,286 --> 00:14:17,526
can
2537
00:14:17,526 --> 00:14:17,676
be
2538
00:14:17,676 --> 00:14:18,006
passed
2539
00:14:18,006 --> 00:14:18,216
down
2540
00:14:18,216 --> 00:14:18,366
even
2541
00:14:18,366 --> 00:14:18,606
without
2542
00:14:18,606 --> 00:14:18,636
a
2543
00:14:18,636 --> 00:14:18,996
genetic
2544
00:14:18,996 --> 00:14:19,326
change
.
2545
00:14:19,506 --> 00:14:19,836
And
2546
00:14:19,836 --> 00:14:19,946
there
2547
00:14:19,956 --> 00:14:20,016
are
2548
00:14:20,016 --> 00:14:20,316
also
2549
00:14:20,316 --> 00:14:20,646
genetic
2550
00:14:20,646 --> 00:14:21,186
changes
.
2551
00:14:21,486 --> 00:14:21,906
So
2552
00:14:21,906 --> 00:14:22,026
there
2553
00:14:22,026 --> 00:14:22,176
was
2554
00:14:22,176 --> 00:14:22,206
a
2555
00:14:22,206 --> 00:14:22,476
very
2556
00:14:22,476 --> 00:14:23,076
rapid
2557
00:14:23,076 --> 00:14:23,616
selection
2558
00:14:23,616 --> 00:14:23,916
for
2559
00:14:23,916 --> 00:14:24,486
smaller
2560
00:14:24,486 --> 00:14:24,966
people
2561
00:14:25,266 --> 00:14:25,746
because
2562
00:14:25,746 --> 00:14:25,896
we
2563
00:14:25,896 --> 00:14:26,106
no
2564
00:14:26,106 --> 00:14:26,436
longer
2565
00:14:26,436 --> 00:14:26,706
had
2566
00:14:26,706 --> 00:14:27,246
sources
2567
00:14:27,246 --> 00:14:27,426
of
2568
00:14:27,426 --> 00:14:27,726
high
2569
00:14:27,726 --> 00:14:28,206
quality
2570
00:14:28,206 --> 00:14:28,776
proteins
2571
00:14:28,776 --> 00:14:29,046
because
2572
00:14:29,046 --> 00:14:29,136
we
2573
00:14:29,136 --> 00:14:29,256
were
2574
00:14:29,256 --> 00:14:29,406
no
2575
00:14:29,406 --> 00:14:29,706
longer
2576
00:14:29,706 --> 00:14:30,186
hunters
2577
00:14:30,426 --> 00:14:30,576
and
2578
00:14:30,576 --> 00:14:30,666
we
2579
00:14:30,666 --> 00:14:30,786
were
2580
00:14:30,786 --> 00:14:31,176
stuck
2581
00:14:31,176 --> 00:14:31,266
as
2582
00:14:31,266 --> 00:14:31,806
farmers
.
2583
00:14:32,076 --> 00:14:32,466
And
2584
00:14:32,616 --> 00:14:32,886
many
2585
00:14:32,886 --> 00:14:32,976
of
2586
00:14:32,976 --> 00:14:33,066
the
2587
00:14:33,066 --> 00:14:33,366
myths
2588
00:14:33,366 --> 00:14:33,486
that
2589
00:14:33,486 --> 00:14:33,606
we
2590
00:14:33,606 --> 00:14:33,996
have
2591
00:14:33,996 --> 00:14:34,296
relate
2592
00:14:34,296 --> 00:14:34,416
to
2593
00:14:34,416 --> 00:14:34,566
this
.
2594
00:14:34,566 --> 00:14:34,836
So
2595
00:14:34,986 --> 00:14:35,336
where
2596
00:14:35,366 --> 00:14:35,766
we're
2597
00:14:35,766 --> 00:14:36,096
building
2598
00:14:36,096 --> 00:14:36,246
these
2599
00:14:36,246 --> 00:14:36,786
communities
,
2600
00:14:36,786 --> 00:14:36,966
we're
2601
00:14:36,966 --> 00:14:37,386
building
2602
00:14:37,386 --> 00:14:37,476
the
2603
00:14:37,476 --> 00:14:37,926
beginning
2604
00:14:37,926 --> 00:14:38,046
of
2605
00:14:38,046 --> 00:14:38,916
civilization
,
2606
00:14:39,516 --> 00:14:39,696
as
2607
00:14:39,696 --> 00:14:39,786
at
2608
00:14:39,786 --> 00:14:39,876
the
2609
00:14:39,876 --> 00:14:40,176
same
2610
00:14:40,176 --> 00:14:40,596
time
2611
00:14:40,596 --> 00:14:40,716
we're
2612
00:14:40,716 --> 00:14:40,986
putting
2613
00:14:40,986 --> 00:14:41,466
tremendous
2614
00:14:41,466 --> 00:14:41,796
pressure
2615
00:14:41,796 --> 00:14:41,916
on
2616
00:14:41,916 --> 00:14:42,426
ourselves
.
2617
00:14:42,426 --> 00:14:42,836
Our
2618
00:14:42,846 --> 00:14:43,506
populations
2619
00:14:43,506 --> 00:14:43,836
are
2620
00:14:43,836 --> 00:14:44,316
growing
,
2621
00:14:44,586 --> 00:14:44,736
you
2622
00:14:44,736 --> 00:14:44,976
know
,
2623
00:14:45,666 --> 00:14:46,146
doubling
2624
00:14:46,146 --> 00:14:46,346
every
2625
00:14:46,376 --> 00:14:46,626
hundred
2626
00:14:46,626 --> 00:14:46,866
years
2627
00:14:46,866 --> 00:14:46,956
or
2628
00:14:46,956 --> 00:14:47,316
so
.
2629
00:14:47,886 --> 00:14:48,066
And
2630
00:14:48,066 --> 00:14:48,136
so
2631
00:14:48,136 --> 00:14:48,246
all
2632
00:14:48,246 --> 00:14:48,326
of
2633
00:14:48,336 --> 00:14:48,426
in
2634
00:14:48,426 --> 00:14:48,486
a
2635
00:14:48,486 --> 00:14:48,696
few
2636
00:14:48,696 --> 00:14:49,086
thousand
2637
00:14:49,086 --> 00:14:49,566
years
,
2638
00:14:49,686 --> 00:14:49,836
we
2639
00:14:49,836 --> 00:14:49,926
have
2640
00:14:49,926 --> 00:14:50,646
tremendously
2641
00:14:50,646 --> 00:14:50,826
big
2642
00:14:50,826 --> 00:14:51,456
populations
2643
00:14:51,456 --> 00:14:51,546
that
2644
00:14:51,546 --> 00:14:51,696
can
2645
00:14:51,696 --> 00:14:51,996
only
2646
00:14:51,996 --> 00:14:52,206
live
2647
00:14:52,206 --> 00:14:52,416
by
2648
00:14:52,416 --> 00:14:52,836
farming
.
2649
00:14:52,836 --> 00:14:53,016
We've
2650
00:14:53,016 --> 00:14:53,556
shrunk
2651
00:14:54,606 --> 00:14:54,846
and
2652
00:14:54,846 --> 00:14:54,996
we've
2653
00:14:54,996 --> 00:14:55,416
developed
2654
00:14:55,416 --> 00:14:55,686
all
2655
00:14:55,686 --> 00:14:55,776
of
2656
00:14:55,776 --> 00:14:55,896
the
2657
00:14:55,896 --> 00:14:56,256
evils
2658
00:14:56,256 --> 00:14:56,346
of
2659
00:14:56,346 --> 00:14:56,766
farming
.
2660
00:14:56,766 --> 00:14:57,036
So
2661
00:14:57,216 --> 00:14:57,636
large
2662
00:14:57,636 --> 00:14:58,206
populations
2663
00:14:58,206 --> 00:14:58,446
living
2664
00:14:58,446 --> 00:14:58,506
in
2665
00:14:58,506 --> 00:14:58,566
the
2666
00:14:58,566 --> 00:14:58,806
same
2667
00:14:58,806 --> 00:14:59,166
problem
2668
00:14:59,256 --> 00:14:59,376
in
2669
00:14:59,376 --> 00:14:59,466
the
2670
00:14:59,466 --> 00:14:59,646
same
2671
00:14:59,646 --> 00:14:59,976
place
,
2672
00:14:59,976 --> 00:15:00,096
you
2673
00:15:00,096 --> 00:15:00,306
have
2674
00:15:00,306 --> 00:15:00,726
waste
2675
00:15:00,726 --> 00:15:01,296
problems
,
2676
00:15:01,296 --> 00:15:01,506
right
?
2677
00:15:01,506 --> 00:15:02,206
You're
2678
00:15:02,226 --> 00:15:02,646
drinking
2679
00:15:02,646 --> 00:15:02,976
dirty
2680
00:15:02,976 --> 00:15:03,426
water
,
2681
00:15:03,816 --> 00:15:04,236
especially
2682
00:15:04,236 --> 00:15:04,386
once
2683
00:15:04,386 --> 00:15:04,476
you
2684
00:15:04,476 --> 00:15:04,656
get
2685
00:15:04,656 --> 00:15:05,256
animals
2686
00:15:05,256 --> 00:15:05,766
involved
2687
00:15:05,766 --> 00:15:05,886
with
2688
00:15:05,886 --> 00:15:06,066
it
.
2689
00:15:06,546 --> 00:15:06,696
So
2690
00:15:06,696 --> 00:15:06,786
you're
2691
00:15:06,786 --> 00:15:07,116
drinking
2692
00:15:07,116 --> 00:15:07,176
the
2693
00:15:07,176 --> 00:15:07,446
dirty
2694
00:15:07,446 --> 00:15:07,746
water
2695
00:15:07,746 --> 00:15:07,926
from
2696
00:15:07,926 --> 00:15:08,196
them
.
2697
00:15:08,196 --> 00:15:08,316
So
2698
00:15:08,316 --> 00:15:08,436
we
2699
00:15:08,436 --> 00:15:08,766
have
,
2700
00:15:08,796 --> 00:15:08,916
you
2701
00:15:08,916 --> 00:15:09,126
know
,
2702
00:15:09,126 --> 00:15:09,816
cholera
2703
00:15:09,816 --> 00:15:09,966
and
2704
00:15:09,966 --> 00:15:10,086
all
2705
00:15:10,086 --> 00:15:10,236
these
2706
00:15:10,236 --> 00:15:10,506
other
2707
00:15:10,506 --> 00:15:11,226
diseases
2708
00:15:12,246 --> 00:15:12,366
that
2709
00:15:12,366 --> 00:15:12,456
are
2710
00:15:12,456 --> 00:15:12,636
able
2711
00:15:12,636 --> 00:15:12,726
to
2712
00:15:12,726 --> 00:15:13,086
spread
2713
00:15:13,086 --> 00:15:13,266
through
2714
00:15:13,266 --> 00:15:13,806
communities
.
2715
00:15:13,836 --> 00:15:13,956
So
2716
00:15:14,886 --> 00:15:15,156
we
2717
00:15:15,156 --> 00:15:15,546
have
2718
00:15:15,696 --> 00:15:16,206
real
2719
00:15:16,206 --> 00:15:16,836
warfare
.
2720
00:15:16,836 --> 00:15:17,046
Up
2721
00:15:17,046 --> 00:15:17,286
until
2722
00:15:17,286 --> 00:15:17,436
this
2723
00:15:17,436 --> 00:15:17,676
time
,
2724
00:15:17,676 --> 00:15:17,736
it
2725
00:15:17,736 --> 00:15:17,826
would
2726
00:15:17,826 --> 00:15:17,916
have
2727
00:15:17,916 --> 00:15:18,036
been
2728
00:15:18,036 --> 00:15:18,576
raiding
2729
00:15:18,996 --> 00:15:19,566
probably
2730
00:15:19,566 --> 00:15:20,016
for
2731
00:15:20,166 --> 00:15:20,436
more
2732
00:15:20,436 --> 00:15:20,856
women
.
2733
00:15:21,096 --> 00:15:21,336
Right
.
2734
00:15:21,336 --> 00:15:21,486
So
2735
00:15:21,486 --> 00:15:21,606
if
2736
00:15:21,606 --> 00:15:21,726
you
2737
00:15:21,726 --> 00:15:21,966
have
2738
00:15:21,966 --> 00:15:22,236
a
2739
00:15:22,596 --> 00:15:22,756
a
2740
00:15:22,776 --> 00:15:23,316
polygamist
2741
00:15:23,316 --> 00:15:24,006
society
,
2742
00:15:24,276 --> 00:15:24,456
the
2743
00:15:24,456 --> 00:15:24,726
old
2744
00:15:24,726 --> 00:15:24,936
men
2745
00:15:24,936 --> 00:15:25,176
tend
2746
00:15:25,176 --> 00:15:25,296
to
2747
00:15:25,296 --> 00:15:25,716
have
2748
00:15:25,716 --> 00:15:26,016
all
2749
00:15:26,016 --> 00:15:26,136
of
2750
00:15:26,136 --> 00:15:26,226
the
2751
00:15:26,226 --> 00:15:26,856
females
2752
00:15:27,036 --> 00:15:27,276
and
2753
00:15:27,276 --> 00:15:27,366
the
2754
00:15:27,366 --> 00:15:27,666
younger
2755
00:15:27,666 --> 00:15:28,176
ones
2756
00:15:28,176 --> 00:15:28,416
need
2757
00:15:28,416 --> 00:15:28,506
to
2758
00:15:28,506 --> 00:15:28,716
get
2759
00:15:28,716 --> 00:15:28,896
them
2760
00:15:28,896 --> 00:15:29,376
somewhere
.
2761
00:15:29,586 --> 00:15:29,736
And
2762
00:15:29,736 --> 00:15:29,886
so
2763
00:15:29,886 --> 00:15:30,006
they
2764
00:15:30,006 --> 00:15:30,096
will
2765
00:15:30,096 --> 00:15:30,246
go
2766
00:15:30,246 --> 00:15:30,576
raid
2767
00:15:30,576 --> 00:15:30,756
the
2768
00:15:31,836 --> 00:15:32,136
next
2769
00:15:32,136 --> 00:15:32,286
door
2770
00:15:32,286 --> 00:15:32,826
communities
.
2771
00:15:32,826 --> 00:15:32,946
And
2772
00:15:32,946 --> 00:15:33,066
so
2773
00:15:33,066 --> 00:15:33,246
we've
2774
00:15:33,246 --> 00:15:33,576
always
2775
00:15:33,576 --> 00:15:33,756
been
2776
00:15:33,756 --> 00:15:34,056
doing
2777
00:15:34,056 --> 00:15:34,446
this
,
2778
00:15:35,976 --> 00:15:36,426
but
2779
00:15:36,426 --> 00:15:36,696
there
2780
00:15:36,696 --> 00:15:36,966
was
2781
00:15:36,966 --> 00:15:37,086
a
2782
00:15:37,086 --> 00:15:37,746
transition
2783
00:15:37,746 --> 00:15:37,896
with
2784
00:15:37,896 --> 00:15:38,436
farming
2785
00:15:38,616 --> 00:15:38,796
to
2786
00:15:38,796 --> 00:15:39,156
something
2787
00:15:39,156 --> 00:15:39,606
where
2788
00:15:39,786 --> 00:15:40,056
you
2789
00:15:40,056 --> 00:15:40,326
could
2790
00:15:40,326 --> 00:15:40,686
actually
2791
00:15:40,686 --> 00:15:41,076
invade
2792
00:15:41,076 --> 00:15:41,646
somewhere
2793
00:15:41,796 --> 00:15:42,066
and
2794
00:15:42,066 --> 00:15:42,606
get
2795
00:15:42,606 --> 00:15:42,996
real
2796
00:15:42,996 --> 00:15:43,266
goods
2797
00:15:43,266 --> 00:15:43,496
from
2798
00:15:43,506 --> 00:15:43,566
it
.
2799
00:15:43,716 --> 00:15:43,926
You
2800
00:15:43,926 --> 00:15:44,076
can
2801
00:15:44,076 --> 00:15:44,886
steal
2802
00:15:45,036 --> 00:15:45,396
their
2803
00:15:45,396 --> 00:15:45,876
grain
,
2804
00:15:45,876 --> 00:15:46,026
they're
2805
00:15:46,026 --> 00:15:46,416
stolen
2806
00:15:46,416 --> 00:15:46,746
grain
.
2807
00:15:46,746 --> 00:15:46,896
That's
2808
00:15:46,896 --> 00:15:46,956
a
2809
00:15:46,956 --> 00:15:47,436
value
2810
00:15:47,436 --> 00:15:47,556
you
2811
00:15:47,556 --> 00:15:47,706
can
2812
00:15:47,706 --> 00:15:48,096
carry
2813
00:15:48,096 --> 00:15:48,396
back
2814
00:15:48,396 --> 00:15:48,576
with
2815
00:15:48,576 --> 00:15:48,816
you
.
2816
00:15:49,086 --> 00:15:49,236
You
2817
00:15:49,236 --> 00:15:49,386
can
2818
00:15:49,386 --> 00:15:49,806
steal
2819
00:15:49,806 --> 00:15:49,986
their
2820
00:15:49,986 --> 00:15:50,376
land
2821
00:15:50,376 --> 00:15:50,466
as
2822
00:15:50,466 --> 00:15:50,616
soon
2823
00:15:50,616 --> 00:15:50,706
as
2824
00:15:50,706 --> 00:15:50,826
you
2825
00:15:50,826 --> 00:15:51,066
have
2826
00:15:51,066 --> 00:15:51,216
their
2827
00:15:51,216 --> 00:15:51,696
land
.
2828
00:15:51,906 --> 00:15:52,146
They're
2829
00:15:52,146 --> 00:15:52,296
no
2830
00:15:52,296 --> 00:15:52,536
longer
2831
00:15:52,536 --> 00:15:52,776
hunter
2832
00:15:52,776 --> 00:15:53,166
gatherers
.
2833
00:15:53,166 --> 00:15:53,256
They
2834
00:15:53,256 --> 00:15:53,436
can't
2835
00:15:53,436 --> 00:15:53,586
just
2836
00:15:53,586 --> 00:15:54,006
leave
2837
00:15:54,006 --> 00:15:54,096
and
2838
00:15:54,096 --> 00:15:54,186
go
2839
00:15:54,186 --> 00:15:54,276
to
2840
00:15:54,276 --> 00:15:54,336
the
2841
00:15:54,336 --> 00:15:54,516
next
2842
00:15:54,516 --> 00:15:54,996
valley
.
2843
00:15:55,296 --> 00:15:55,626
You've
2844
00:15:55,626 --> 00:15:55,986
taken
2845
00:15:55,986 --> 00:15:56,346
something
2846
00:15:56,346 --> 00:15:56,496
and
2847
00:15:56,496 --> 00:15:56,676
you've
2848
00:15:56,676 --> 00:15:57,066
doubled
2849
00:15:57,066 --> 00:15:57,246
your
2850
00:15:57,246 --> 00:15:57,816
production
2851
00:15:58,056 --> 00:15:58,266
and
2852
00:15:58,266 --> 00:15:58,386
you
2853
00:15:58,386 --> 00:15:58,536
can
2854
00:15:58,536 --> 00:15:58,896
steal
2855
00:15:58,896 --> 00:15:58,986
the
2856
00:15:58,986 --> 00:15:59,346
people
,
2857
00:15:59,346 --> 00:15:59,466
You
2858
00:15:59,466 --> 00:15:59,616
can
2859
00:15:59,616 --> 00:15:59,796
make
2860
00:15:59,796 --> 00:15:59,946
them
2861
00:15:59,946 --> 00:16:00,066
your
2862
00:16:00,066 --> 00:16:00,696
slaves
.
2863
00:16:00,936 --> 00:16:01,116
And
2864
00:16:01,116 --> 00:16:01,176
if
2865
00:16:01,176 --> 00:16:01,296
you
2866
00:16:01,296 --> 00:16:01,446
have
2867
00:16:01,446 --> 00:16:02,106
slaves
,
2868
00:16:02,256 --> 00:16:02,406
you
2869
00:16:02,406 --> 00:16:02,556
can
2870
00:16:02,556 --> 00:16:03,006
now
2871
00:16:03,036 --> 00:16:03,546
control
2872
00:16:03,546 --> 00:16:03,606
a
2873
00:16:03,606 --> 00:16:03,996
much
2874
00:16:03,996 --> 00:16:04,446
larger
2875
00:16:04,446 --> 00:16:05,076
production
.
2876
00:16:05,346 --> 00:16:05,496
You
2877
00:16:05,496 --> 00:16:05,586
can
2878
00:16:05,586 --> 00:16:05,706
have
2879
00:16:05,706 --> 00:16:05,766
a
2880
00:16:05,766 --> 00:16:06,096
bigger
2881
00:16:06,096 --> 00:16:06,456
army
2882
00:16:06,456 --> 00:16:06,576
and
2883
00:16:06,576 --> 00:16:06,636
you
2884
00:16:06,636 --> 00:16:06,816
can
2885
00:16:06,816 --> 00:16:07,056
go
2886
00:16:07,056 --> 00:16:07,296
do
2887
00:16:07,296 --> 00:16:07,386
it
2888
00:16:07,386 --> 00:16:07,806
again
.
2889
00:16:08,106 --> 00:16:08,346
And
2890
00:16:08,346 --> 00:16:08,556
so
2891
00:16:08,556 --> 00:16:08,676
you
2892
00:16:08,676 --> 00:16:08,976
have
2893
00:16:08,976 --> 00:16:09,336
the
2894
00:16:09,576 --> 00:16:10,056
development
2895
00:16:10,056 --> 00:16:10,146
of
2896
00:16:10,146 --> 00:16:10,326
not
2897
00:16:10,326 --> 00:16:10,566
just
2898
00:16:10,566 --> 00:16:11,076
cities
2899
00:16:11,076 --> 00:16:11,166
and
2900
00:16:11,166 --> 00:16:11,436
city
2901
00:16:11,436 --> 00:16:11,796
states
2902
00:16:11,796 --> 00:16:11,976
used
2903
00:16:11,976 --> 00:16:12,096
to
2904
00:16:12,096 --> 00:16:12,276
get
2905
00:16:12,276 --> 00:16:12,786
walls
2906
00:16:12,786 --> 00:16:13,026
around
2907
00:16:13,026 --> 00:16:13,146
your
2908
00:16:13,146 --> 00:16:13,356
city
2909
00:16:13,356 --> 00:16:13,446
to
2910
00:16:13,446 --> 00:16:13,836
protect
2911
00:16:13,836 --> 00:16:14,166
them
2912
00:16:14,376 --> 00:16:14,556
with
2913
00:16:14,556 --> 00:16:14,616
the
2914
00:16:14,616 --> 00:16:14,976
farms
2915
00:16:14,976 --> 00:16:15,396
outside
,
2916
00:16:15,396 --> 00:16:15,516
but
2917
00:16:15,516 --> 00:16:15,576
the
2918
00:16:15,576 --> 00:16:15,816
people
2919
00:16:15,816 --> 00:16:15,966
can
2920
00:16:15,966 --> 00:16:16,176
hide
2921
00:16:16,176 --> 00:16:16,266
in
2922
00:16:16,266 --> 00:16:16,326
the
2923
00:16:16,326 --> 00:16:16,626
city
2924
00:16:16,626 --> 00:16:16,866
until
2925
00:16:16,866 --> 00:16:17,286
the
,
2926
00:16:17,526 --> 00:16:17,676
you
2927
00:16:17,676 --> 00:16:17,826
know
,
2928
00:16:17,826 --> 00:16:18,276
raiders
2929
00:16:18,276 --> 00:16:18,456
go
2930
00:16:18,456 --> 00:16:18,966
away
2931
00:16:19,836 --> 00:16:20,316
and
2932
00:16:20,556 --> 00:16:20,796
you
2933
00:16:20,796 --> 00:16:21,156
have
2934
00:16:21,396 --> 00:16:21,816
goods
2935
00:16:21,816 --> 00:16:22,056
worth
2936
00:16:22,056 --> 00:16:22,506
stealing
2937
00:16:22,506 --> 00:16:22,686
from
2938
00:16:22,686 --> 00:16:22,806
your
2939
00:16:22,806 --> 00:16:23,286
people
2940
00:16:23,286 --> 00:16:23,596
to
2941
00:16:23,646 --> 00:16:24,006
to
2942
00:16:24,006 --> 00:16:24,216
to
2943
00:16:24,216 --> 00:16:24,276
the
2944
00:16:24,276 --> 00:16:24,966
grains
,
2945
00:16:25,536 --> 00:16:25,686
to
2946
00:16:25,686 --> 00:16:25,776
the
2947
00:16:25,776 --> 00:16:26,076
land
2948
00:16:26,076 --> 00:16:26,676
itself
.
2949
00:16:26,886 --> 00:16:27,066
And
2950
00:16:27,066 --> 00:16:27,246
all
2951
00:16:27,246 --> 00:16:27,336
of
2952
00:16:27,336 --> 00:16:27,516
these
2953
00:16:27,516 --> 00:16:27,726
things
2954
00:16:27,726 --> 00:16:27,816
are
2955
00:16:27,816 --> 00:16:28,026
coming
2956
00:16:28,026 --> 00:16:28,476
directly
2957
00:16:28,476 --> 00:16:28,656
from
2958
00:16:28,656 --> 00:16:29,046
farming
.
2959
00:16:29,046 --> 00:16:29,346
So
2960
00:16:29,586 --> 00:16:29,766
our
2961
00:16:29,766 --> 00:16:30,126
lives
2962
00:16:30,126 --> 00:16:30,666
became
2963
00:16:30,876 --> 00:16:31,026
in
2964
00:16:31,026 --> 00:16:31,326
many
2965
00:16:31,326 --> 00:16:31,566
ways
2966
00:16:31,566 --> 00:16:31,806
much
2967
00:16:31,806 --> 00:16:31,956
more
2968
00:16:31,956 --> 00:16:32,496
difficult
,
2969
00:16:32,826 --> 00:16:33,056
where
2970
00:16:33,066 --> 00:16:33,246
we're
2971
00:16:33,246 --> 00:16:33,816
periodically
2972
00:16:33,816 --> 00:16:34,236
starving
2973
00:16:34,236 --> 00:16:34,326
to
2974
00:16:34,326 --> 00:16:34,746
death
.
2975
00:16:34,896 --> 00:16:35,036
So
2976
00:16:35,256 --> 00:16:35,526
every
2977
00:16:35,526 --> 00:16:35,796
time
2978
00:16:35,796 --> 00:16:35,976
we
2979
00:16:35,976 --> 00:16:36,336
we
2980
00:16:36,336 --> 00:16:36,666
we
2981
00:16:36,666 --> 00:16:37,086
we
2982
00:16:38,216 --> 00:16:38,366
have
2983
00:16:38,376 --> 00:16:38,436
a
2984
00:16:38,436 --> 00:16:38,766
drought
2985
00:16:38,866 --> 00:16:39,066
roll
2986
00:16:39,066 --> 00:16:39,186
to
2987
00:16:39,186 --> 00:16:39,726
destroying
2988
00:16:39,726 --> 00:16:39,846
our
2989
00:16:39,846 --> 00:16:40,326
environment
.
2990
00:16:40,326 --> 00:16:40,506
Any
2991
00:16:40,506 --> 00:16:40,746
place
2992
00:16:40,746 --> 00:16:40,866
where
2993
00:16:40,866 --> 00:16:41,256
farming
2994
00:16:41,256 --> 00:16:41,706
starts
,
2995
00:16:41,946 --> 00:16:42,096
you
2996
00:16:42,096 --> 00:16:42,246
see
2997
00:16:42,246 --> 00:16:42,906
erosion
2998
00:16:42,906 --> 00:16:43,176
because
2999
00:16:43,176 --> 00:16:43,296
we've
3000
00:16:43,296 --> 00:16:43,566
chopped
3001
00:16:43,566 --> 00:16:43,716
down
3002
00:16:43,716 --> 00:16:43,806
the
3003
00:16:43,806 --> 00:16:44,316
forests
3004
00:16:44,316 --> 00:16:44,466
and
3005
00:16:44,466 --> 00:16:44,616
all
3006
00:16:44,616 --> 00:16:44,676
the
3007
00:16:44,676 --> 00:16:45,216
hillsides
3008
00:16:45,216 --> 00:16:45,366
get
3009
00:16:45,366 --> 00:16:45,846
denuded
.
3010
00:16:46,116 --> 00:16:46,296
And
3011
00:16:46,296 --> 00:16:46,416
so
3012
00:16:46,416 --> 00:16:46,536
you
3013
00:16:46,536 --> 00:16:46,776
go
3014
00:16:46,776 --> 00:16:46,956
from
3015
00:16:46,956 --> 00:16:47,136
these
3016
00:16:47,136 --> 00:16:47,466
lush
3017
00:16:47,466 --> 00:16:47,886
forests
3018
00:16:47,886 --> 00:16:48,006
to
3019
00:16:48,006 --> 00:16:48,276
something
3020
00:16:48,276 --> 00:16:48,396
that
3021
00:16:48,396 --> 00:16:48,606
looks
3022
00:16:48,606 --> 00:16:48,756
like
3023
00:16:48,756 --> 00:16:49,086
Greece
3024
00:16:49,086 --> 00:16:49,566
today
,
3025
00:16:49,806 --> 00:16:49,986
where
3026
00:16:49,986 --> 00:16:50,076
you
3027
00:16:50,076 --> 00:16:50,376
see
3028
00:16:50,376 --> 00:16:50,766
open
3029
00:16:50,766 --> 00:16:51,276
rocks
3030
00:16:51,276 --> 00:16:51,846
everywhere
3031
00:16:52,356 --> 00:16:52,716
because
3032
00:16:52,906 --> 00:16:53,226
the
3033
00:16:53,226 --> 00:16:53,556
soil
3034
00:16:53,556 --> 00:16:53,706
just
3035
00:16:53,706 --> 00:16:53,856
gets
3036
00:16:53,856 --> 00:16:54,276
washed
3037
00:16:54,276 --> 00:16:54,426
off
3038
00:16:54,426 --> 00:16:54,516
the
3039
00:16:54,516 --> 00:16:55,146
hillsides
3040
00:16:55,326 --> 00:16:55,476
and
3041
00:16:55,476 --> 00:16:55,566
you
3042
00:16:55,566 --> 00:16:55,686
can
3043
00:16:55,686 --> 00:16:55,896
see
3044
00:16:55,896 --> 00:16:56,016
it
3045
00:16:56,226 --> 00:16:56,586
anytime
3046
00:16:56,586 --> 00:16:56,796
people
3047
00:16:56,796 --> 00:16:57,006
move
3048
00:16:57,006 --> 00:16:57,276
in
,
3049
00:16:57,426 --> 00:16:57,546
you
3050
00:16:57,546 --> 00:16:57,726
see
3051
00:16:57,756 --> 00:16:58,326
huge
3052
00:16:58,326 --> 00:16:58,626
amounts
3053
00:16:58,626 --> 00:16:58,716
of
3054
00:16:58,716 --> 00:16:59,166
sediment
3055
00:16:59,166 --> 00:16:59,646
happening
3056
00:16:59,796 --> 00:16:59,976
in
3057
00:16:59,976 --> 00:17:00,696
association
3058
00:17:00,696 --> 00:17:00,936
with
3059
00:17:00,936 --> 00:17:01,266
with
3060
00:17:01,476 --> 00:17:01,956
pollen
3061
00:17:01,956 --> 00:17:02,076
that
3062
00:17:02,076 --> 00:17:02,136
you
3063
00:17:02,136 --> 00:17:02,256
would
3064
00:17:02,256 --> 00:17:02,796
associate
3065
00:17:02,796 --> 00:17:03,066
with
,
3066
00:17:03,246 --> 00:17:03,366
you
3067
00:17:03,366 --> 00:17:03,456
know
,
3068
00:17:03,456 --> 00:17:03,726
rise
3069
00:17:03,726 --> 00:17:03,786
of
3070
00:17:03,786 --> 00:17:04,296
agriculture
3071
00:17:04,296 --> 00:17:04,416
in
3072
00:17:04,416 --> 00:17:04,506
an
3073
00:17:04,506 --> 00:17:04,896
area
.
3074
00:17:05,316 --> 00:17:05,706
So
3075
00:17:05,976 --> 00:17:06,456
we're
3076
00:17:06,456 --> 00:17:07,476
environmentally
3077
00:17:07,476 --> 00:17:08,196
destructive
3078
00:17:08,196 --> 00:17:08,556
everywhere
3079
00:17:08,556 --> 00:17:08,676
we
3080
00:17:08,676 --> 00:17:08,886
go
3081
00:17:08,886 --> 00:17:09,156
from
3082
00:17:09,156 --> 00:17:09,246
the
3083
00:17:09,246 --> 00:17:09,486
very
3084
00:17:09,486 --> 00:17:09,966
beginning
,
3085
00:17:09,966 --> 00:17:10,176
we
3086
00:17:10,176 --> 00:17:10,416
wipe
3087
00:17:10,416 --> 00:17:10,566
out
3088
00:17:10,566 --> 00:17:10,656
the
3089
00:17:10,656 --> 00:17:11,046
larger
3090
00:17:11,046 --> 00:17:11,436
animals
3091
00:17:11,436 --> 00:17:11,586
all
3092
00:17:11,586 --> 00:17:11,886
around
3093
00:17:11,886 --> 00:17:12,186
us
3094
00:17:12,486 --> 00:17:12,786
and
3095
00:17:12,786 --> 00:17:13,146
we
3096
00:17:13,356 --> 00:17:13,896
destroy
3097
00:17:13,896 --> 00:17:13,986
the
3098
00:17:13,986 --> 00:17:14,436
soil
.
3099
00:17:14,676 --> 00:17:14,856
And
3100
00:17:14,856 --> 00:17:15,186
so
3101
00:17:15,306 --> 00:17:15,636
farming
3102
00:17:15,636 --> 00:17:16,356
civilizations
3103
00:17:16,356 --> 00:17:16,956
periodically
3104
00:17:16,956 --> 00:17:17,526
collapse
3105
00:17:17,526 --> 00:17:17,736
due
3106
00:17:17,736 --> 00:17:18,066
to
3107
00:17:20,076 --> 00:17:20,766
environmental
3108
00:17:20,766 --> 00:17:21,366
destruction
.
3109
00:17:21,936 --> 00:17:22,086
For
3110
00:17:22,086 --> 00:17:22,506
example
,
3111
00:17:22,506 --> 00:17:22,656
they
3112
00:17:22,656 --> 00:17:23,046
think
3113
00:17:23,256 --> 00:17:23,376
the
3114
00:17:23,376 --> 00:17:24,066
Anasazi
3115
00:17:24,246 --> 00:17:24,426
were
3116
00:17:24,426 --> 00:17:24,906
weakened
3117
00:17:24,906 --> 00:17:25,296
during
3118
00:17:25,566 --> 00:17:25,866
a
3119
00:17:25,866 --> 00:17:26,466
prolonged
3120
00:17:26,466 --> 00:17:26,976
drought
,
3121
00:17:27,966 --> 00:17:28,296
not
3122
00:17:28,296 --> 00:17:28,596
just
3123
00:17:28,596 --> 00:17:28,896
because
3124
00:17:28,896 --> 00:17:28,956
of
3125
00:17:28,956 --> 00:17:29,046
the
3126
00:17:29,046 --> 00:17:29,466
drought
,
3127
00:17:29,586 --> 00:17:29,766
but
3128
00:17:29,766 --> 00:17:30,066
because
3129
00:17:30,066 --> 00:17:30,186
if
3130
00:17:30,186 --> 00:17:30,306
you
3131
00:17:30,306 --> 00:17:30,486
live
3132
00:17:30,486 --> 00:17:30,576
in
3133
00:17:30,576 --> 00:17:30,636
a
3134
00:17:30,636 --> 00:17:31,026
desert
3135
00:17:31,026 --> 00:17:31,146
and
3136
00:17:31,146 --> 00:17:31,266
you
3137
00:17:31,266 --> 00:17:31,806
irrigate
3138
00:17:31,806 --> 00:17:31,896
the
3139
00:17:31,896 --> 00:17:32,406
desert
,
3140
00:17:32,616 --> 00:17:32,736
the
3141
00:17:32,736 --> 00:17:33,246
irrigation
3142
00:17:33,246 --> 00:17:33,726
itself
3143
00:17:33,726 --> 00:17:33,996
builds
3144
00:17:33,996 --> 00:17:34,116
up
3145
00:17:34,116 --> 00:17:34,566
salt
3146
00:17:34,566 --> 00:17:34,686
in
3147
00:17:34,686 --> 00:17:34,746
the
3148
00:17:34,746 --> 00:17:35,196
soil
.
3149
00:17:35,196 --> 00:17:35,436
As
3150
00:17:35,436 --> 00:17:35,526
the
3151
00:17:35,526 --> 00:17:35,826
water
3152
00:17:35,826 --> 00:17:36,456
evaporates
,
3153
00:17:36,456 --> 00:17:36,516
it
3154
00:17:36,546 --> 00:17:36,786
leaves
3155
00:17:36,786 --> 00:17:36,876
the
3156
00:17:36,876 --> 00:17:37,176
salt
3157
00:17:37,176 --> 00:17:37,536
behind
3158
00:17:37,536 --> 00:17:37,626
and
3159
00:17:37,626 --> 00:17:37,806
there's
3160
00:17:37,806 --> 00:17:38,376
nothing
3161
00:17:38,376 --> 00:17:38,526
you
3162
00:17:38,526 --> 00:17:38,676
can
3163
00:17:38,676 --> 00:17:38,886
do
3164
00:17:38,886 --> 00:17:39,156
about
3165
00:17:39,156 --> 00:17:39,276
it
.
3166
00:17:39,366 --> 00:17:39,516
And
3167
00:17:39,516 --> 00:17:39,606
the
3168
00:17:39,606 --> 00:17:40,026
longer
3169
00:17:40,026 --> 00:17:40,116
the
3170
00:17:40,116 --> 00:17:40,416
drought
3171
00:17:40,416 --> 00:17:40,746
lasts
,
3172
00:17:40,746 --> 00:17:40,896
the
3173
00:17:40,896 --> 00:17:41,286
worse
3174
00:17:41,286 --> 00:17:41,376
it
3175
00:17:41,376 --> 00:17:41,886
gets
.
3176
00:17:42,216 --> 00:17:42,396
And
3177
00:17:42,396 --> 00:17:42,576
so
3178
00:17:42,576 --> 00:17:42,636
a
3179
00:17:42,636 --> 00:17:42,906
whole
3180
00:17:42,906 --> 00:17:43,626
civilization
3181
00:17:43,626 --> 00:17:43,806
can
3182
00:17:43,806 --> 00:17:44,256
collapse
.
3183
00:17:44,256 --> 00:17:44,346
And
3184
00:17:44,346 --> 00:17:44,466
it's
3185
00:17:44,466 --> 00:17:44,886
probably
3186
00:17:44,886 --> 00:17:45,246
happened
3187
00:17:45,516 --> 00:17:46,146
numerous
3188
00:17:46,146 --> 00:17:46,626
times
3189
00:17:46,626 --> 00:17:46,806
due
3190
00:17:46,806 --> 00:17:46,986
to
3191
00:17:46,986 --> 00:17:47,406
changes
3192
00:17:47,406 --> 00:17:47,496
in
3193
00:17:47,496 --> 00:17:47,826
climate
.
3194
00:17:47,826 --> 00:17:47,946
So
3195
00:17:47,946 --> 00:17:48,276
again
,
3196
00:17:48,516 --> 00:17:48,966
climate
3197
00:17:48,966 --> 00:17:49,626
driving
3198
00:17:49,626 --> 00:17:49,716
the
3199
00:17:49,716 --> 00:17:50,016
way
3200
00:17:50,016 --> 00:17:50,196
we
3201
00:17:50,196 --> 00:17:50,586
live
3202
00:17:50,586 --> 00:17:51,106
is
3203
00:17:51,106 --> 00:17:51,486
is
3204
00:17:51,726 --> 00:17:52,026
always
3205
00:17:52,026 --> 00:17:52,206
been
3206
00:17:52,206 --> 00:17:52,446
part
3207
00:17:52,446 --> 00:17:52,626
of
3208
00:17:53,046 --> 00:17:53,256
the
3209
00:17:53,256 --> 00:17:53,616
human
3210
00:17:53,616 --> 00:17:54,246
experience
3211
00:17:54,246 --> 00:17:54,366
and
3212
00:17:54,366 --> 00:17:54,576
is
3213
00:17:54,876 --> 00:17:55,146
very
3214
00:17:55,146 --> 00:17:55,566
important
3215
00:17:55,566 --> 00:17:55,956
to
3216
00:17:56,526 --> 00:17:56,916
how
3217
00:17:56,916 --> 00:17:57,306
we
3218
00:17:57,306 --> 00:17:57,816
live
,
3219
00:17:57,816 --> 00:17:58,206
where
3220
00:17:58,206 --> 00:17:58,356
we
3221
00:17:58,356 --> 00:17:58,656
do
3222
00:17:58,656 --> 00:17:58,776
and
3223
00:17:58,776 --> 00:17:58,956
how
3224
00:17:58,956 --> 00:17:59,106
we
3225
00:17:59,106 --> 00:17:59,346
look
3226
00:17:59,346 --> 00:17:59,466
the
3227
00:17:59,466 --> 00:17:59,646
way
3228
00:17:59,646 --> 00:17:59,796
we
3229
00:17:59,796 --> 00:18:00,036
do
3230
00:18:00,036 --> 00:18:00,246
so
.
3231
00:18:00,246 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
3232
00:18:00,246 --> 00:18:00,366
Is
3233
00:18:00,426 --> 00:18:01,026
directly
3234
00:18:01,026 --> 00:18:01,386
again
,
3235
00:18:01,386 --> 00:18:01,896
connected
3236
00:18:01,896 --> 00:18:02,346
to
3237
00:18:02,406 --> 00:18:02,946
farming
.
3238
00:18:03,096 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
3239
00:18:03,096 --> 00:18:03,336
To
3240
00:18:03,336 --> 00:18:03,786
farming
,
3241
00:18:03,786 --> 00:18:04,086
yes
.
3242
00:18:04,086 --> 00:18:04,266
And
3243
00:18:04,536 --> 00:18:04,716
with
3244
00:18:04,716 --> 00:18:05,076
farming
3245
00:18:05,076 --> 00:18:05,136
it
3246
00:18:05,136 --> 00:18:05,496
becomes
3247
00:18:05,496 --> 00:18:05,886
most
3248
00:18:05,886 --> 00:18:06,246
important
3249
00:18:06,246 --> 00:18:06,456
because
3250
00:18:06,456 --> 00:18:06,606
we
3251
00:18:06,606 --> 00:18:06,996
now
3252
00:18:07,026 --> 00:18:07,236
we're
3253
00:18:07,236 --> 00:18:07,566
trapped
3254
00:18:07,566 --> 00:18:07,656
in
3255
00:18:07,656 --> 00:18:07,736
it
.
3256
00:18:07,746 --> 00:18:07,926
There's
3257
00:18:07,926 --> 00:18:08,106
no
3258
00:18:08,106 --> 00:18:08,256
there's
3259
00:18:08,256 --> 00:18:08,406
no
3260
00:18:08,406 --> 00:18:08,706
getting
3261
00:18:08,706 --> 00:18:08,946
away
3262
00:18:08,946 --> 00:18:09,156
from
3263
00:18:09,156 --> 00:18:09,276
it
.
3264
00:18:09,486 --> 00:18:09,666
And
3265
00:18:09,666 --> 00:18:09,876
any
3266
00:18:09,876 --> 00:18:10,086
time
3267
00:18:10,086 --> 00:18:10,176
we
3268
00:18:10,176 --> 00:18:10,326
have
3269
00:18:10,326 --> 00:18:10,416
the
3270
00:18:10,416 --> 00:18:10,746
ability
3271
00:18:10,746 --> 00:18:10,836
to
3272
00:18:10,836 --> 00:18:10,986
get
3273
00:18:10,986 --> 00:18:11,196
away
3274
00:18:11,196 --> 00:18:11,376
from
3275
00:18:11,376 --> 00:18:11,496
it
,
3276
00:18:11,496 --> 00:18:11,646
we
3277
00:18:11,646 --> 00:18:12,036
do
3278
00:18:12,186 --> 00:18:12,516
until
3279
00:18:12,516 --> 00:18:12,606
we
3280
00:18:12,606 --> 00:18:12,906
trap
3281
00:18:12,906 --> 00:18:13,266
ourselves
3282
00:18:13,266 --> 00:18:13,506
again
.
3283
00:18:13,506 --> 00:18:13,686
So
,
3284
00:18:13,686 --> 00:18:13,806
for
3285
00:18:13,806 --> 00:18:14,406
example
,
3286
00:18:15,246 --> 00:18:15,636
the
3287
00:18:15,756 --> 00:18:16,416
Murray
,
3288
00:18:16,746 --> 00:18:16,926
when
3289
00:18:16,926 --> 00:18:16,986
they
3290
00:18:16,986 --> 00:18:17,136
go
3291
00:18:17,136 --> 00:18:17,256
to
3292
00:18:17,256 --> 00:18:17,406
New
3293
00:18:17,406 --> 00:18:17,856
Zealand
,
3294
00:18:17,856 --> 00:18:18,006
they
3295
00:18:18,006 --> 00:18:18,126
were
3296
00:18:18,126 --> 00:18:18,756
farmers
,
3297
00:18:18,756 --> 00:18:18,906
they
3298
00:18:18,906 --> 00:18:19,116
were
,
3299
00:18:19,116 --> 00:18:19,296
they
3300
00:18:19,296 --> 00:18:19,476
were
3301
00:18:19,476 --> 00:18:20,106
Polynesian
3302
00:18:20,106 --> 00:18:20,676
farmers
.
3303
00:18:20,946 --> 00:18:21,186
They
3304
00:18:21,186 --> 00:18:21,456
get
3305
00:18:21,456 --> 00:18:21,936
to
3306
00:18:22,176 --> 00:18:22,326
or
3307
00:18:22,326 --> 00:18:22,896
Micronesian
,
3308
00:18:22,896 --> 00:18:23,256
depending
3309
00:18:23,256 --> 00:18:23,526
on
3310
00:18:23,526 --> 00:18:23,976
which
3311
00:18:23,976 --> 00:18:24,336
group
3312
00:18:24,336 --> 00:18:24,396
you
3313
00:18:24,396 --> 00:18:24,516
want
3314
00:18:24,516 --> 00:18:24,576
to
3315
00:18:24,576 --> 00:18:24,666
put
3316
00:18:24,666 --> 00:18:24,936
people
3317
00:18:24,936 --> 00:18:25,086
in
3318
00:18:25,716 --> 00:18:25,926
and
3319
00:18:25,926 --> 00:18:26,046
they
3320
00:18:26,046 --> 00:18:26,196
get
3321
00:18:26,196 --> 00:18:26,476
to
3322
00:18:26,496 --> 00:18:26,646
New
3323
00:18:26,646 --> 00:18:27,186
Zealand
3324
00:18:27,396 --> 00:18:27,606
and
3325
00:18:27,606 --> 00:18:27,666
they
3326
00:18:27,666 --> 00:18:28,086
immediately
3327
00:18:28,086 --> 00:18:28,356
become
3328
00:18:28,356 --> 00:18:28,596
hunter
3329
00:18:28,596 --> 00:18:29,076
gatherers
3330
00:18:29,076 --> 00:18:29,316
again
3331
00:18:29,316 --> 00:18:29,586
because
3332
00:18:29,586 --> 00:18:29,796
there's
3333
00:18:29,796 --> 00:18:30,366
large
,
3334
00:18:30,366 --> 00:18:30,936
flightless
3335
00:18:30,936 --> 00:18:31,446
birds
3336
00:18:31,446 --> 00:18:32,016
everywhere
3337
00:18:32,346 --> 00:18:32,616
and
3338
00:18:32,616 --> 00:18:32,736
they
3339
00:18:32,736 --> 00:18:32,946
can
3340
00:18:32,946 --> 00:18:33,216
hunt
3341
00:18:33,216 --> 00:18:33,396
them
3342
00:18:33,396 --> 00:18:33,876
down
3343
00:18:33,876 --> 00:18:34,446
and
3344
00:18:34,746 --> 00:18:34,926
it's
3345
00:18:34,926 --> 00:18:35,016
a
3346
00:18:35,016 --> 00:18:35,376
great
3347
00:18:35,376 --> 00:18:35,556
way
3348
00:18:35,556 --> 00:18:35,646
to
3349
00:18:35,646 --> 00:18:36,096
live
3350
00:18:36,306 --> 00:18:36,486
and
3351
00:18:36,486 --> 00:18:36,546
it
3352
00:18:36,546 --> 00:18:36,696
only
3353
00:18:36,696 --> 00:18:36,996
lasts
3354
00:18:36,996 --> 00:18:37,056
a
3355
00:18:37,056 --> 00:18:37,236
few
3356
00:18:37,236 --> 00:18:37,476
hundred
3357
00:18:37,476 --> 00:18:37,806
years
.
3358
00:18:37,806 --> 00:18:37,926
They
3359
00:18:37,926 --> 00:18:38,256
wipe
3360
00:18:38,256 --> 00:18:38,406
out
3361
00:18:38,406 --> 00:18:38,556
all
3362
00:18:38,556 --> 00:18:38,826
the
3363
00:18:38,976 --> 00:18:39,456
large
,
3364
00:18:39,456 --> 00:18:39,756
easy
3365
00:18:39,756 --> 00:18:39,876
to
3366
00:18:39,876 --> 00:18:40,086
eat
3367
00:18:40,086 --> 00:18:40,656
animals
3368
00:18:40,896 --> 00:18:41,076
and
3369
00:18:41,076 --> 00:18:41,136
they
3370
00:18:41,136 --> 00:18:41,376
become
3371
00:18:41,376 --> 00:18:41,766
farmers
3372
00:18:41,766 --> 00:18:42,066
again
.
3373
00:18:42,396 --> 00:18:42,606
And
3374
00:18:42,606 --> 00:18:42,756
so
3375
00:18:42,756 --> 00:18:42,906
this
3376
00:18:42,906 --> 00:18:43,056
is
3377
00:18:43,326 --> 00:18:43,506
what
3378
00:18:43,506 --> 00:18:43,746
we've
3379
00:18:43,746 --> 00:18:44,046
done
3380
00:18:44,046 --> 00:18:44,556
over
3381
00:18:44,556 --> 00:18:44,676
and
3382
00:18:44,676 --> 00:18:45,036
over
3383
00:18:45,036 --> 00:18:45,336
again
.
3384
00:18:45,336 --> 00:18:45,456
We
3385
00:18:45,456 --> 00:18:45,606
did
3386
00:18:45,606 --> 00:18:45,696
it
3387
00:18:45,696 --> 00:18:45,816
in
3388
00:18:45,816 --> 00:18:45,906
the
3389
00:18:45,906 --> 00:18:46,466
Americas
3390
00:18:46,486 --> 00:18:46,626
when
3391
00:18:46,626 --> 00:18:46,866
people
3392
00:18:46,866 --> 00:18:47,136
first
3393
00:18:47,136 --> 00:18:47,646
colonized
3394
00:18:47,646 --> 00:18:47,736
the
3395
00:18:47,736 --> 00:18:48,396
Americas
,
3396
00:18:48,636 --> 00:18:48,786
they
3397
00:18:48,786 --> 00:18:48,906
were
3398
00:18:48,906 --> 00:18:49,146
hunter
3399
00:18:49,146 --> 00:18:49,716
gatherers
.
3400
00:18:49,716 --> 00:18:49,836
They
3401
00:18:49,836 --> 00:18:50,046
wiped
3402
00:18:50,046 --> 00:18:50,226
out
3403
00:18:50,226 --> 00:18:50,346
all
3404
00:18:50,346 --> 00:18:50,526
the
3405
00:18:50,526 --> 00:18:50,736
all
3406
00:18:50,736 --> 00:18:50,856
the
3407
00:18:50,856 --> 00:18:51,006
all
3408
00:18:51,006 --> 00:18:51,096
the
3409
00:18:51,096 --> 00:18:51,516
mammoths
3410
00:18:51,516 --> 00:18:51,636
and
3411
00:18:51,636 --> 00:18:51,756
all
3412
00:18:51,756 --> 00:18:51,936
the
3413
00:18:51,936 --> 00:18:52,116
all
3414
00:18:52,116 --> 00:18:52,206
the
3415
00:18:52,206 --> 00:18:52,476
ground
3416
00:18:52,476 --> 00:18:52,836
sloth
.
3417
00:18:52,836 --> 00:18:52,956
And
3418
00:18:52,956 --> 00:18:53,076
when
3419
00:18:53,076 --> 00:18:53,346
they
3420
00:18:53,586 --> 00:18:53,736
all
3421
00:18:53,736 --> 00:18:53,946
these
3422
00:18:53,946 --> 00:18:54,276
large
,
3423
00:18:54,276 --> 00:18:54,486
easy
3424
00:18:54,486 --> 00:18:54,546
to
3425
00:18:54,546 --> 00:18:54,696
eat
3426
00:18:54,696 --> 00:18:55,056
animals
3427
00:18:55,056 --> 00:18:55,176
were
3428
00:18:55,176 --> 00:18:55,536
gone
,
3429
00:18:55,866 --> 00:18:56,046
they
3430
00:18:56,046 --> 00:18:56,256
moved
3431
00:18:56,256 --> 00:18:56,346
to
3432
00:18:56,346 --> 00:18:56,736
bison
3433
00:18:56,736 --> 00:18:56,826
and
3434
00:18:56,826 --> 00:18:57,096
other
3435
00:18:57,096 --> 00:18:57,546
animals
.
3436
00:18:57,546 --> 00:18:57,786
But
3437
00:18:58,326 --> 00:18:58,986
again
,
3438
00:18:59,436 --> 00:19:00,306
eventually
3439
00:19:00,576 --> 00:19:00,936
they
3440
00:19:00,936 --> 00:19:01,206
moved
3441
00:19:01,206 --> 00:19:01,296
to
3442
00:19:01,296 --> 00:19:01,836
farming
3443
00:19:01,836 --> 00:19:02,166
and
3444
00:19:02,166 --> 00:19:02,546
they
3445
00:19:02,586 --> 00:19:02,826
ended
3446
00:19:02,826 --> 00:19:02,976
up
3447
00:19:02,976 --> 00:19:03,216
with
3448
00:19:03,576 --> 00:19:03,726
sort
3449
00:19:03,726 --> 00:19:03,816
of
3450
00:19:03,816 --> 00:19:03,876
a
3451
00:19:03,876 --> 00:19:04,296
permanent
3452
00:19:04,296 --> 00:19:04,626
farming
3453
00:19:04,626 --> 00:19:05,106
transition
.
3454
00:19:05,286 --> 00:19:05,646
Actually
,
3455
00:19:05,646 --> 00:19:05,766
it's
3456
00:19:05,766 --> 00:19:06,276
interesting
,
3457
00:19:06,906 --> 00:19:07,266
some
3458
00:19:07,266 --> 00:19:07,356
of
3459
00:19:07,356 --> 00:19:07,446
the
3460
00:19:07,446 --> 00:19:07,746
Native
3461
00:19:07,746 --> 00:19:08,226
American
3462
00:19:08,226 --> 00:19:08,586
groups
,
3463
00:19:09,186 --> 00:19:09,426
I
3464
00:19:09,426 --> 00:19:09,546
would
3465
00:19:09,546 --> 00:19:09,786
say
,
3466
00:19:09,786 --> 00:19:10,146
managed
3467
00:19:10,146 --> 00:19:10,206
a
3468
00:19:10,206 --> 00:19:10,386
more
3469
00:19:10,386 --> 00:19:11,376
sustainable
3470
00:19:11,376 --> 00:19:12,006
approach
3471
00:19:12,276 --> 00:19:12,516
than
3472
00:19:12,516 --> 00:19:13,056
most
3473
00:19:13,056 --> 00:19:13,326
other
3474
00:19:13,326 --> 00:19:13,656
groups
3475
00:19:13,656 --> 00:19:13,866
have
3476
00:19:13,866 --> 00:19:14,196
done
,
3477
00:19:14,196 --> 00:19:14,436
where
3478
00:19:14,436 --> 00:19:14,616
they
3479
00:19:14,616 --> 00:19:14,766
were
3480
00:19:14,796 --> 00:19:15,096
able
3481
00:19:15,096 --> 00:19:15,216
to
3482
00:19:15,216 --> 00:19:15,756
have
3483
00:19:16,696 --> 00:19:17,076
a
3484
00:19:17,506 --> 00:19:17,976
a
3485
00:19:17,976 --> 00:19:18,696
development
3486
00:19:18,696 --> 00:19:19,026
of
3487
00:19:19,026 --> 00:19:19,746
farming
3488
00:19:19,956 --> 00:19:20,226
and
3489
00:19:20,226 --> 00:19:20,796
not
3490
00:19:20,796 --> 00:19:21,306
completely
3491
00:19:21,306 --> 00:19:21,726
destroy
3492
00:19:21,726 --> 00:19:21,876
the
3493
00:19:21,876 --> 00:19:22,326
environment
3494
00:19:22,326 --> 00:19:22,656
around
3495
00:19:22,656 --> 00:19:22,806
them
3496
00:19:22,806 --> 00:19:22,956
where
3497
00:19:22,956 --> 00:19:23,046
they
3498
00:19:23,046 --> 00:19:23,226
had
3499
00:19:23,226 --> 00:19:23,826
managed
3500
00:19:24,066 --> 00:19:24,756
burns
3501
00:19:24,756 --> 00:19:24,906
in
3502
00:19:24,906 --> 00:19:25,386
areas
3503
00:19:25,386 --> 00:19:25,536
they
3504
00:19:25,536 --> 00:19:25,986
kept
3505
00:19:26,586 --> 00:19:27,096
forests
3506
00:19:27,096 --> 00:19:27,486
for
3507
00:19:27,486 --> 00:19:27,996
hunting
3508
00:19:28,806 --> 00:19:29,046
that
3509
00:19:29,046 --> 00:19:29,256
were
3510
00:19:29,256 --> 00:19:29,826
not
3511
00:19:29,826 --> 00:19:30,516
inhabited
.
3512
00:19:30,756 --> 00:19:30,996
And
3513
00:19:30,996 --> 00:19:31,356
then
3514
00:19:31,356 --> 00:19:31,536
they
3515
00:19:31,536 --> 00:19:31,836
had
3516
00:19:31,836 --> 00:19:32,376
areas
3517
00:19:32,376 --> 00:19:32,496
that
3518
00:19:32,496 --> 00:19:32,646
they
3519
00:19:32,646 --> 00:19:32,886
did
3520
00:19:32,886 --> 00:19:33,036
their
3521
00:19:33,036 --> 00:19:33,486
farming
3522
00:19:33,486 --> 00:19:33,666
with
3523
00:19:33,666 --> 00:19:34,146
squash
3524
00:19:34,146 --> 00:19:35,096
and
3525
00:19:35,106 --> 00:19:35,586
corn
.
3526
00:19:35,796 --> 00:19:35,946
And
3527
00:19:35,946 --> 00:19:36,066
so
3528
00:19:36,066 --> 00:19:36,156
they
3529
00:19:36,156 --> 00:19:36,246
were
3530
00:19:36,246 --> 00:19:36,456
able
3531
00:19:36,456 --> 00:19:36,546
to
3532
00:19:36,546 --> 00:19:36,726
have
3533
00:19:36,726 --> 00:19:36,786
a
3534
00:19:36,786 --> 00:19:37,356
supply
3535
00:19:37,356 --> 00:19:37,566
of
3536
00:19:37,776 --> 00:19:38,106
food
3537
00:19:38,106 --> 00:19:38,196
in
3538
00:19:38,196 --> 00:19:38,376
that
3539
00:19:38,376 --> 00:19:38,676
way
.
3540
00:19:38,946 --> 00:19:39,156
And
3541
00:19:39,156 --> 00:19:39,336
so
3542
00:19:39,606 --> 00:19:39,696
it
3543
00:19:39,696 --> 00:19:39,816
was
3544
00:19:39,816 --> 00:19:39,846
a
3545
00:19:39,846 --> 00:19:40,266
really
3546
00:19:40,266 --> 00:19:40,746
interesting
3547
00:19:40,746 --> 00:19:40,986
thing
3548
00:19:40,986 --> 00:19:41,076
that
3549
00:19:41,076 --> 00:19:41,166
was
3550
00:19:41,166 --> 00:19:41,916
developing
,
3551
00:19:42,306 --> 00:19:42,666
particularly
3552
00:19:42,666 --> 00:19:42,726
in
3553
00:19:42,726 --> 00:19:42,786
the
3554
00:19:42,786 --> 00:19:43,446
Northeast
,
3555
00:19:44,076 --> 00:19:44,256
but
3556
00:19:44,256 --> 00:19:44,586
in
3557
00:19:44,586 --> 00:19:44,976
several
3558
00:19:44,976 --> 00:19:45,516
areas
3559
00:19:46,266 --> 00:19:46,836
where
3560
00:19:47,826 --> 00:19:48,036
they
3561
00:19:48,036 --> 00:19:48,396
had
3562
00:19:48,396 --> 00:19:48,696
actually
3563
00:19:48,696 --> 00:19:48,996
figured
3564
00:19:48,996 --> 00:19:49,146
out
3565
00:19:49,146 --> 00:19:49,206
a
3566
00:19:49,206 --> 00:19:49,446
way
3567
00:19:49,446 --> 00:19:49,566
to
3568
00:19:49,566 --> 00:19:49,896
have
3569
00:19:50,076 --> 00:19:50,196
the
3570
00:19:50,196 --> 00:19:50,496
best
3571
00:19:50,496 --> 00:19:50,616
of
3572
00:19:50,616 --> 00:19:50,856
both
3573
00:19:50,856 --> 00:19:51,186
worlds
3574
00:19:51,186 --> 00:19:51,396
where
3575
00:19:51,396 --> 00:19:51,516
you're
3576
00:19:51,516 --> 00:19:51,666
not
3577
00:19:51,666 --> 00:19:52,086
starving
3578
00:19:52,086 --> 00:19:52,326
because
3579
00:19:52,326 --> 00:19:52,416
you
3580
00:19:52,416 --> 00:19:52,626
have
3581
00:19:52,626 --> 00:19:52,956
a
3582
00:19:52,956 --> 00:19:53,346
reserve
3583
00:19:53,346 --> 00:19:53,706
from
3584
00:19:54,006 --> 00:19:54,516
farming
3585
00:19:54,756 --> 00:19:55,026
and
3586
00:19:55,026 --> 00:19:55,176
you
3587
00:19:55,176 --> 00:19:55,596
have
3588
00:19:55,836 --> 00:19:55,926
the
3589
00:19:55,926 --> 00:19:56,106
high
3590
00:19:56,106 --> 00:19:56,526
quality
3591
00:19:56,526 --> 00:19:56,856
food
3592
00:19:56,856 --> 00:19:57,036
that
3593
00:19:57,036 --> 00:19:57,426
a
3594
00:19:57,606 --> 00:19:57,876
hunter
3595
00:19:57,876 --> 00:19:58,236
gatherer
3596
00:19:58,236 --> 00:19:58,386
can
3597
00:19:58,386 --> 00:19:58,626
bring
3598
00:19:58,626 --> 00:19:58,806
in
3599
00:19:58,806 --> 00:19:59,076
because
3600
00:19:59,076 --> 00:19:59,286
they
3601
00:19:59,436 --> 00:19:59,766
hadn't
3602
00:19:59,766 --> 00:20:00,036
killed
3603
00:20:00,036 --> 00:20:00,156
all
3604
00:20:00,156 --> 00:20:00,306
their
3605
00:20:00,306 --> 00:20:00,636
deer
3606
00:20:00,636 --> 00:20:00,756
and
3607
00:20:00,756 --> 00:20:00,846
they
3608
00:20:00,846 --> 00:20:01,086
hadn't
3609
00:20:01,086 --> 00:20:01,296
killed
3610
00:20:01,296 --> 00:20:01,386
all
3611
00:20:01,386 --> 00:20:01,536
their
3612
00:20:01,536 --> 00:20:01,866
moose
3613
00:20:01,866 --> 00:20:01,986
and
3614
00:20:01,986 --> 00:20:02,106
there
3615
00:20:02,106 --> 00:20:02,196
was
3616
00:20:02,196 --> 00:20:02,496
still
3617
00:20:03,066 --> 00:20:03,726
forest
3618
00:20:03,726 --> 00:20:04,386
bison
3619
00:20:04,896 --> 00:20:05,436
larger
3620
00:20:05,436 --> 00:20:05,586
than
3621
00:20:05,586 --> 00:20:05,676
the
3622
00:20:05,676 --> 00:20:06,036
plains
3623
00:20:06,036 --> 00:20:06,486
bison
3624
00:20:07,446 --> 00:20:07,866
wiped
3625
00:20:07,866 --> 00:20:08,046
out
3626
00:20:08,046 --> 00:20:08,136
as
3627
00:20:08,136 --> 00:20:08,286
soon
3628
00:20:08,286 --> 00:20:08,376
as
3629
00:20:08,376 --> 00:20:08,496
the
3630
00:20:08,496 --> 00:20:08,976
European
3631
00:20:08,976 --> 00:20:09,396
settlers
3632
00:20:09,396 --> 00:20:09,576
got
3633
00:20:09,576 --> 00:20:09,786
here
.
3634
00:20:10,686 --> 00:20:11,076
But
3635
00:20:11,346 --> 00:20:11,496
of
3636
00:20:11,496 --> 00:20:11,766
course
.
3637
00:20:11,766 --> 00:20:12,126
Exactly
.
3638
00:20:12,126 --> 00:20:12,176
You
3639
00:20:12,186 --> 00:20:12,296
know
,
3640
00:20:12,306 --> 00:20:12,636
again
,
3641
00:20:13,476 --> 00:20:14,046
we're
3642
00:20:14,046 --> 00:20:14,616
terrible
3643
00:20:14,616 --> 00:20:15,036
people
,
3644
00:20:15,216 --> 00:20:15,396
but
3645
00:20:15,396 --> 00:20:15,696
every
3646
00:20:15,696 --> 00:20:15,936
once
3647
00:20:15,936 --> 00:20:16,056
in
3648
00:20:16,056 --> 00:20:16,086
a
3649
00:20:16,086 --> 00:20:16,356
while
3650
00:20:16,356 --> 00:20:16,476
we
3651
00:20:16,476 --> 00:20:16,806
figure
3652
00:20:16,806 --> 00:20:16,956
out
3653
00:20:16,956 --> 00:20:17,016
a
3654
00:20:17,016 --> 00:20:17,196
way
3655
00:20:17,196 --> 00:20:17,316
to
3656
00:20:17,316 --> 00:20:17,556
live
3657
00:20:17,556 --> 00:20:18,066
better
3658
00:20:18,066 --> 00:20:18,276
and
3659
00:20:18,276 --> 00:20:18,366
it
3660
00:20:18,366 --> 00:20:18,816
really
3661
00:20:18,816 --> 00:20:19,266
works
3662
00:20:19,266 --> 00:20:19,386
and
3663
00:20:19,386 --> 00:20:19,446
it
3664
00:20:19,446 --> 00:20:19,716
becomes
3665
00:20:19,716 --> 00:20:20,256
sustainable
.
3666
00:20:20,256 --> 00:20:20,526
Meaning
3667
00:20:20,526 --> 00:20:20,616
you
3668
00:20:20,616 --> 00:20:20,766
can
3669
00:20:20,766 --> 00:20:21,006
keep
3670
00:20:21,006 --> 00:20:21,336
doing
3671
00:20:21,336 --> 00:20:21,426
it
3672
00:20:21,426 --> 00:20:21,576
for
3673
00:20:21,576 --> 00:20:21,796
a
3674
00:20:21,796 --> 00:20:22,026
thousand
3675
00:20:22,056 --> 00:20:22,356
years
3676
00:20:22,356 --> 00:20:22,536
and
3677
00:20:22,536 --> 00:20:22,626
you
3678
00:20:22,626 --> 00:20:22,926
don't
3679
00:20:22,926 --> 00:20:23,496
destroy
3680
00:20:23,496 --> 00:20:23,886
everything
3681
00:20:23,886 --> 00:20:24,246
around
3682
00:20:24,246 --> 00:20:24,426
you
,
3683
00:20:24,606 --> 00:20:24,816
but
3684
00:20:24,816 --> 00:20:24,936
you
3685
00:20:24,936 --> 00:20:25,296
need
3686
00:20:25,296 --> 00:20:25,356
a
3687
00:20:25,356 --> 00:20:25,626
very
3688
00:20:25,626 --> 00:20:26,316
productive
,
3689
00:20:26,316 --> 00:20:27,006
stable
3690
00:20:27,036 --> 00:20:27,606
climate
,
3691
00:20:27,606 --> 00:20:27,756
for
3692
00:20:27,756 --> 00:20:28,236
example
.
3693
00:20:28,536 --> 00:20:28,666
Right
?
3694
00:20:28,716 --> 00:20:28,836
We're
3695
00:20:28,836 --> 00:20:29,136
moving
3696
00:20:29,136 --> 00:20:29,316
into
3697
00:20:29,316 --> 00:20:29,376
a
3698
00:20:29,376 --> 00:20:29,526
new
3699
00:20:29,526 --> 00:20:29,926
period
.
3700
00:20:29,926 --> 00:20:30,126
That's
3701
00:20:30,126 --> 00:20:30,336
not
3702
00:20:30,336 --> 00:20:30,466
so
.
3703
00:20:30,466 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
3704
00:20:30,466 --> 00:20:30,486
I
3705
00:20:30,486 --> 00:20:30,786
assume
3706
00:20:30,786 --> 00:20:30,876
you
3707
00:20:30,876 --> 00:20:31,056
need
3708
00:20:31,056 --> 00:20:31,776
a
3709
00:20:31,776 --> 00:20:32,226
fairly
3710
00:20:32,226 --> 00:20:32,856
limited
3711
00:20:32,856 --> 00:20:33,696
population
.
3712
00:20:33,696 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
3713
00:20:33,696 --> 00:20:33,876
You
3714
00:20:33,906 --> 00:20:34,026
have
3715
00:20:34,026 --> 00:20:34,116
to
3716
00:20:34,116 --> 00:20:34,326
keep
3717
00:20:34,326 --> 00:20:34,476
your
3718
00:20:34,476 --> 00:20:35,106
population
3719
00:20:35,106 --> 00:20:35,226
in
3720
00:20:35,226 --> 00:20:35,796
control
.
3721
00:20:36,486 --> 00:20:36,876
And
3722
00:20:36,876 --> 00:20:37,246
you
3723
00:20:37,246 --> 00:20:37,536
you
3724
00:20:37,536 --> 00:20:38,076
can't
3725
00:20:38,076 --> 00:20:38,706
have
3726
00:20:39,636 --> 00:20:40,506
major
3727
00:20:40,506 --> 00:20:41,316
changes
3728
00:20:41,586 --> 00:20:42,186
to
3729
00:20:42,396 --> 00:20:42,546
your
3730
00:20:42,546 --> 00:20:43,176
habitat
,
3731
00:20:43,446 --> 00:20:43,656
so
3732
00:20:43,656 --> 00:20:43,776
you
3733
00:20:43,776 --> 00:20:44,136
can't
3734
00:20:44,136 --> 00:20:44,346
go
3735
00:20:44,346 --> 00:20:44,706
through
3736
00:20:44,706 --> 00:20:44,756
it
.
3737
00:20:44,766 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
3738
00:20:44,766 --> 00:20:44,976
So
3739
00:20:44,976 --> 00:20:45,126
it's
3740
00:20:45,126 --> 00:20:45,306
all
3741
00:20:45,306 --> 00:20:45,576
very
3742
00:20:45,576 --> 00:20:46,026
delicate
.
3743
00:20:46,206 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
3744
00:20:46,206 --> 00:20:46,386
It's
3745
00:20:46,386 --> 00:20:46,746
very
3746
00:20:46,746 --> 00:20:47,196
delicate
3747
00:20:47,196 --> 00:20:47,586
balance
.
3748
00:20:47,586 --> 00:20:47,676
You
3749
00:20:47,676 --> 00:20:47,946
can't
3750
00:20:47,946 --> 00:20:48,096
go
3751
00:20:48,096 --> 00:20:48,306
through
3752
00:20:48,306 --> 00:20:48,366
a
3753
00:20:48,366 --> 00:20:48,696
50
3754
00:20:48,696 --> 00:20:48,906
year
3755
00:20:48,906 --> 00:20:49,296
drought
.
3756
00:20:50,256 --> 00:20:50,466
You
3757
00:20:50,466 --> 00:20:50,796
know
,
3758
00:20:50,976 --> 00:20:51,426
it's
3759
00:20:51,426 --> 00:20:51,606
going
3760
00:20:51,606 --> 00:20:51,696
to
3761
00:20:51,696 --> 00:20:51,786
be
3762
00:20:51,786 --> 00:20:52,116
very
,
3763
00:20:52,116 --> 00:20:52,326
very
3764
00:20:52,326 --> 00:20:52,896
difficult
.
3765
00:20:53,586 --> 00:20:54,066
And
3766
00:20:54,186 --> 00:20:54,396
the
3767
00:20:54,396 --> 00:20:54,696
first
3768
00:20:54,696 --> 00:20:54,876
thing
3769
00:20:54,876 --> 00:20:55,026
that's
3770
00:20:55,026 --> 00:20:55,176
going
3771
00:20:55,176 --> 00:20:55,236
to
3772
00:20:55,236 --> 00:20:55,566
go
3773
00:20:55,566 --> 00:20:55,716
is
3774
00:20:55,716 --> 00:20:55,926
all
3775
00:20:55,926 --> 00:20:55,986
of
3776
00:20:55,986 --> 00:20:56,196
those
3777
00:20:56,196 --> 00:20:56,646
animals
3778
00:20:56,646 --> 00:20:56,766
you
3779
00:20:56,766 --> 00:20:56,856
are
3780
00:20:56,856 --> 00:20:57,156
working
3781
00:20:57,156 --> 00:20:57,366
very
3782
00:20:57,366 --> 00:20:57,606
hard
3783
00:20:57,606 --> 00:20:57,696
to
3784
00:20:57,696 --> 00:20:58,386
sustainably
3785
00:20:58,386 --> 00:20:58,626
keep
3786
00:20:58,626 --> 00:20:59,016
around
3787
00:20:59,016 --> 00:20:59,316
you
3788
00:21:00,366 --> 00:21:00,846
because
3789
00:21:00,846 --> 00:21:01,056
now
3790
00:21:01,056 --> 00:21:01,446
everyone's
3791
00:21:01,446 --> 00:21:01,896
hungry
3792
00:21:01,896 --> 00:21:02,076
and
3793
00:21:02,076 --> 00:21:02,346
now
3794
00:21:02,346 --> 00:21:02,466
you're
3795
00:21:02,466 --> 00:21:02,886
really
3796
00:21:02,886 --> 00:21:03,306
trapped
.
3797
00:21:03,396 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
3798
00:21:03,396 --> 00:21:03,576
Right
3799
00:21:03,636 --> 00:21:03,876
now
3800
00:21:03,876 --> 00:21:03,966
you
3801
00:21:03,966 --> 00:21:04,116
need
3802
00:21:04,116 --> 00:21:04,206
to
3803
00:21:04,206 --> 00:21:04,476
farm
3804
00:21:04,476 --> 00:21:04,806
more
.
3805
00:21:04,806 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
3806
00:21:04,806 --> 00:21:05,076
Now
3807
00:21:05,076 --> 00:21:05,166
you
3808
00:21:05,166 --> 00:21:05,286
need
3809
00:21:05,286 --> 00:21:05,376
to
3810
00:21:05,376 --> 00:21:05,616
farm
3811
00:21:05,616 --> 00:21:05,796
more
.
3812
00:21:05,796 --> 00:21:05,916
And
3813
00:21:05,916 --> 00:21:06,036
so
3814
00:21:06,036 --> 00:21:06,216
this
3815
00:21:06,216 --> 00:21:06,636
happens
3816
00:21:06,636 --> 00:21:06,906
over
3817
00:21:06,906 --> 00:21:07,026
and
3818
00:21:07,026 --> 00:21:07,236
over
3819
00:21:07,236 --> 00:21:07,686
again
.
3820
00:21:08,226 --> 00:21:08,406
And
3821
00:21:08,406 --> 00:21:08,556
that's
3822
00:21:08,556 --> 00:21:08,706
why
3823
00:21:08,706 --> 00:21:08,796
I
3824
00:21:08,796 --> 00:21:09,156
say
3825
00:21:09,156 --> 00:21:09,596
in
3826
00:21:09,666 --> 00:21:09,816
for
3827
00:21:09,816 --> 00:21:10,356
example
,
3828
00:21:10,986 --> 00:21:11,226
in
3829
00:21:11,226 --> 00:21:11,556
places
3830
00:21:11,556 --> 00:21:11,706
like
3831
00:21:11,706 --> 00:21:12,066
Greece
3832
00:21:12,066 --> 00:21:12,216
where
3833
00:21:12,216 --> 00:21:12,366
there's
3834
00:21:12,366 --> 00:21:12,666
been
,
3835
00:21:13,236 --> 00:21:13,386
you
3836
00:21:13,386 --> 00:21:13,566
know
,
3837
00:21:14,676 --> 00:21:14,856
the
3838
00:21:14,856 --> 00:21:15,096
whole
3839
00:21:15,096 --> 00:21:15,426
history
3840
00:21:15,426 --> 00:21:15,516
of
3841
00:21:15,516 --> 00:21:16,326
civilization
,
3842
00:21:16,956 --> 00:21:17,136
you
3843
00:21:17,136 --> 00:21:17,586
have
3844
00:21:19,026 --> 00:21:19,686
periods
3845
00:21:19,686 --> 00:21:19,836
of
3846
00:21:19,836 --> 00:21:20,406
farming
3847
00:21:20,406 --> 00:21:20,796
with
3848
00:21:21,066 --> 00:21:21,666
periods
3849
00:21:21,666 --> 00:21:22,026
of
3850
00:21:23,166 --> 00:21:23,646
huge
3851
00:21:23,646 --> 00:21:23,916
amounts
3852
00:21:23,916 --> 00:21:24,006
of
3853
00:21:24,006 --> 00:21:24,516
erosion
,
3854
00:21:24,786 --> 00:21:25,146
followed
3855
00:21:25,146 --> 00:21:25,296
by
3856
00:21:25,296 --> 00:21:25,686
probably
3857
00:21:25,686 --> 00:21:25,776
a
3858
00:21:25,776 --> 00:21:26,496
collapse
.
3859
00:21:26,826 --> 00:21:27,036
So
,
3860
00:21:27,036 --> 00:21:27,126
for
3861
00:21:27,126 --> 00:21:27,456
example
,
3862
00:21:27,456 --> 00:21:27,546
the
3863
00:21:27,546 --> 00:21:27,936
Bronze
3864
00:21:27,936 --> 00:21:28,116
Age
3865
00:21:28,116 --> 00:21:28,686
collapse
3866
00:21:28,866 --> 00:21:29,106
some
3867
00:21:29,106 --> 00:21:29,406
people
3868
00:21:29,406 --> 00:21:29,676
think
3869
00:21:29,676 --> 00:21:29,916
was
3870
00:21:29,916 --> 00:21:30,606
associated
3871
00:21:30,606 --> 00:21:30,906
with
3872
00:21:30,906 --> 00:21:31,226
with
3873
00:21:31,476 --> 00:21:32,286
destruction
3874
00:21:32,286 --> 00:21:32,676
of
3875
00:21:33,036 --> 00:21:33,306
all
3876
00:21:33,306 --> 00:21:33,366
the
3877
00:21:33,366 --> 00:21:34,236
civilizations
,
3878
00:21:34,926 --> 00:21:35,526
and
3879
00:21:35,766 --> 00:21:35,916
that
3880
00:21:35,916 --> 00:21:36,066
this
3881
00:21:36,066 --> 00:21:36,186
would
3882
00:21:36,186 --> 00:21:36,276
have
3883
00:21:36,276 --> 00:21:36,516
ended
.
3884
00:21:36,516 --> 00:21:36,876
Farming
3885
00:21:36,876 --> 00:21:36,936
in
3886
00:21:37,716 --> 00:21:38,166
particular
3887
00:21:38,166 --> 00:21:38,586
areas
3888
00:21:38,766 --> 00:21:39,216
lasted
3889
00:21:39,216 --> 00:21:39,366
for
3890
00:21:39,366 --> 00:21:39,666
hundreds
3891
00:21:39,666 --> 00:21:39,756
of
3892
00:21:39,756 --> 00:21:39,966
years
.
3893
00:21:39,966 --> 00:21:40,116
So
3894
00:21:40,116 --> 00:21:40,176
the
3895
00:21:40,176 --> 00:21:40,476
trees
3896
00:21:40,476 --> 00:21:40,656
grew
3897
00:21:40,656 --> 00:21:40,956
back
3898
00:21:41,046 --> 00:21:41,226
and
3899
00:21:41,226 --> 00:21:41,316
so
3900
00:21:41,316 --> 00:21:41,406
the
3901
00:21:41,406 --> 00:21:41,826
erosion
3902
00:21:41,826 --> 00:21:41,976
went
3903
00:21:41,976 --> 00:21:42,336
away
3904
00:21:42,516 --> 00:21:42,666
and
3905
00:21:42,666 --> 00:21:42,786
so
3906
00:21:42,786 --> 00:21:42,876
the
3907
00:21:43,146 --> 00:21:43,656
environment
3908
00:21:43,656 --> 00:21:44,136
improved
3909
00:21:44,136 --> 00:21:44,526
again
.
3910
00:21:44,766 --> 00:21:44,976
But
3911
00:21:44,976 --> 00:21:45,336
then
3912
00:21:45,666 --> 00:21:46,266
civilization
3913
00:21:46,266 --> 00:21:46,476
comes
3914
00:21:46,476 --> 00:21:46,866
back
3915
00:21:46,866 --> 00:21:47,256
and
3916
00:21:47,256 --> 00:21:47,616
everything
3917
00:21:47,616 --> 00:21:47,796
gets
3918
00:21:47,796 --> 00:21:48,186
denuded
3919
00:21:48,186 --> 00:21:48,426
again
.
3920
00:21:49,236 --> 00:21:49,446
So
3921
00:21:49,446 --> 00:21:49,656
these
3922
00:21:49,836 --> 00:21:50,106
these
3923
00:21:50,106 --> 00:21:50,316
these
,
3924
00:21:50,316 --> 00:21:50,586
these
,
3925
00:21:50,586 --> 00:21:50,796
these
3926
00:21:50,796 --> 00:21:51,456
periods
.
3927
00:21:51,456 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
3928
00:21:51,456 --> 00:21:51,906
Round
3929
00:21:51,906 --> 00:21:52,026
and
3930
00:21:52,026 --> 00:21:52,326
round
3931
00:21:52,326 --> 00:21:52,476
we
.
3932
00:21:52,476 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
3933
00:21:52,476 --> 00:21:52,586
Go
,
3934
00:21:52,596 --> 00:21:52,926
round
3935
00:21:52,926 --> 00:21:53,016
and
3936
00:21:53,016 --> 00:21:53,246
round
,
3937
00:21:53,246 --> 00:21:53,316
here
3938
00:21:53,316 --> 00:21:53,436
we
3939
00:21:53,436 --> 00:21:53,826
go
.
3940
00:21:53,946 --> 00:21:54,156
But
3941
00:21:54,156 --> 00:21:54,276
with
3942
00:21:54,276 --> 00:21:54,396
this
3943
00:21:54,396 --> 00:21:54,546
sort
3944
00:21:54,546 --> 00:21:54,636
of
3945
00:21:54,636 --> 00:21:55,116
constant
3946
00:21:55,116 --> 00:21:55,566
ratcheting
3947
00:21:55,566 --> 00:21:55,896
forward
,
3948
00:21:55,926 --> 00:21:56,616
hopefully
3949
00:21:56,616 --> 00:21:57,006
of
3950
00:21:57,006 --> 00:21:57,786
understanding
3951
00:21:57,786 --> 00:21:58,476
ourselves
3952
00:21:58,626 --> 00:21:58,806
and
3953
00:21:58,806 --> 00:21:59,136
making
3954
00:21:59,136 --> 00:21:59,346
more
3955
00:21:59,346 --> 00:22:00,096
sustainable
3956
00:22:00,756 --> 00:22:01,416
cities
3957
00:22:01,416 --> 00:22:01,656
and
3958
00:22:01,656 --> 00:22:01,806
more
3959
00:22:01,806 --> 00:22:02,526
sustainable
3960
00:22:03,426 --> 00:22:04,116
environmental
3961
00:22:04,116 --> 00:22:04,766
interactions
,
3962
00:22:04,776 --> 00:22:04,866
if
3963
00:22:04,866 --> 00:22:05,016
we
.
3964
00:22:05,016 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
3965
00:22:05,016 --> 00:22:05,136
Have
3966
00:22:05,136 --> 00:22:05,316
any
3967
00:22:05,316 --> 00:22:05,466
way
3968
00:22:05,466 --> 00:22:05,586
of
3969
00:22:05,586 --> 00:22:06,216
keeping
3970
00:22:06,216 --> 00:22:06,576
that
3971
00:22:06,576 --> 00:22:07,176
knowledge
3972
00:22:07,176 --> 00:22:07,476
over
3973
00:22:07,476 --> 00:22:07,866
time
,
3974
00:22:07,866 --> 00:22:08,046
which
3975
00:22:08,046 --> 00:22:08,196
we
3976
00:22:08,196 --> 00:22:08,406
don't
3977
00:22:08,406 --> 00:22:08,646
seem
3978
00:22:08,646 --> 00:22:08,766
to
3979
00:22:08,766 --> 00:22:08,886
be
3980
00:22:08,886 --> 00:22:09,126
very
3981
00:22:09,126 --> 00:22:09,336
good
3982
00:22:09,336 --> 00:22:09,576
at
.
3983
00:22:09,756 --> 00:22:10,056
And
3984
00:22:10,356 --> 00:22:10,656
well
.
3985
00:22:10,656 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
3986
00:22:10,656 --> 00:22:10,856
It's
,
3987
00:22:11,076 --> 00:22:11,376
it's
3988
00:22:11,376 --> 00:22:11,946
interesting
3989
00:22:11,946 --> 00:22:12,336
because
3990
00:22:12,336 --> 00:22:12,546
we
3991
00:22:12,546 --> 00:22:13,176
do
.
3992
00:22:13,566 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
3993
00:22:13,566 --> 00:22:14,166
Actually
3994
00:22:14,166 --> 00:22:14,676
have
3995
00:22:15,366 --> 00:22:15,846
deep
.
3996
00:22:16,026 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
3997
00:22:16,026 --> 00:22:16,416
Deep
3998
00:22:16,416 --> 00:22:16,986
myths
3999
00:22:16,986 --> 00:22:17,106
of
4000
00:22:17,106 --> 00:22:17,316
this
4001
00:22:17,316 --> 00:22:18,006
transition
.
4002
00:22:18,006 --> 00:22:18,396
So
4003
00:22:18,696 --> 00:22:19,146
Jacob
4004
00:22:19,146 --> 00:22:19,236
and
4005
00:22:19,236 --> 00:22:19,566
Esau
4006
00:22:19,566 --> 00:22:19,656
in
4007
00:22:19,656 --> 00:22:19,746
the
4008
00:22:19,746 --> 00:22:19,896
in
4009
00:22:19,896 --> 00:22:19,956
the
4010
00:22:19,956 --> 00:22:20,406
Bible
,
4011
00:22:21,396 --> 00:22:21,996
Esau
4012
00:22:21,996 --> 00:22:22,296
was
4013
00:22:22,296 --> 00:22:22,386
the
4014
00:22:22,386 --> 00:22:22,656
hunter
4015
00:22:22,656 --> 00:22:23,196
gatherer
.
4016
00:22:23,196 --> 00:22:23,286
You
4017
00:22:23,286 --> 00:22:23,436
know
,
4018
00:22:23,436 --> 00:22:23,616
he
4019
00:22:23,616 --> 00:22:23,856
was
4020
00:22:23,856 --> 00:22:24,246
the
4021
00:22:24,246 --> 00:22:24,456
he
4022
00:22:24,456 --> 00:22:24,696
was
4023
00:22:24,696 --> 00:22:25,116
the
4024
00:22:25,446 --> 00:22:25,566
the
4025
00:22:25,566 --> 00:22:26,046
hunter
4026
00:22:26,286 --> 00:22:26,916
traveling
4027
00:22:26,916 --> 00:22:27,006
in
4028
00:22:27,006 --> 00:22:27,066
the
4029
00:22:27,066 --> 00:22:27,666
wilderness
.
4030
00:22:27,816 --> 00:22:27,966
And
4031
00:22:27,966 --> 00:22:28,056
he
4032
00:22:28,056 --> 00:22:28,356
comes
4033
00:22:28,356 --> 00:22:28,596
home
4034
00:22:28,596 --> 00:22:29,196
hungry
4035
00:22:29,556 --> 00:22:30,096
and
4036
00:22:30,936 --> 00:22:31,416
Jacob
4037
00:22:31,416 --> 00:22:31,836
says
,
4038
00:22:32,226 --> 00:22:32,766
Sure
,
4039
00:22:32,796 --> 00:22:33,006
I'll
4040
00:22:33,006 --> 00:22:33,276
give
4041
00:22:33,276 --> 00:22:33,426
you
4042
00:22:33,426 --> 00:22:34,026
a
4043
00:22:34,026 --> 00:22:34,356
bowl
4044
00:22:34,356 --> 00:22:34,446
of
4045
00:22:34,446 --> 00:22:34,956
porridge
4046
00:22:34,956 --> 00:22:35,076
in
4047
00:22:35,076 --> 00:22:35,676
exchange
4048
00:22:35,676 --> 00:22:35,886
for
4049
00:22:35,886 --> 00:22:36,096
your
4050
00:22:36,096 --> 00:22:36,906
birthright
.
4051
00:22:38,676 --> 00:22:39,186
And
4052
00:22:39,666 --> 00:22:40,116
thus
4053
00:22:40,116 --> 00:22:40,266
there
4054
00:22:40,266 --> 00:22:40,356
are
4055
00:22:40,356 --> 00:22:40,566
no
4056
00:22:40,566 --> 00:22:40,836
hunter
4057
00:22:40,836 --> 00:22:41,286
gatherers
.
4058
00:22:41,286 --> 00:22:41,436
So
4059
00:22:41,436 --> 00:22:41,556
they
4060
00:22:41,556 --> 00:22:42,276
traded
4061
00:22:42,576 --> 00:22:42,756
a
4062
00:22:42,756 --> 00:22:43,056
bowl
4063
00:22:43,056 --> 00:22:43,146
of
4064
00:22:43,146 --> 00:22:43,836
porridge
4065
00:22:44,076 --> 00:22:44,346
for
4066
00:22:44,346 --> 00:22:44,436
the
4067
00:22:44,436 --> 00:22:44,946
birthright
.
4068
00:22:44,946 --> 00:22:45,096
They
4069
00:22:45,096 --> 00:22:45,426
know
4070
00:22:45,426 --> 00:22:45,636
this
4071
00:22:45,636 --> 00:22:46,116
happened
,
4072
00:22:46,776 --> 00:22:46,956
and
4073
00:22:46,996 --> 00:22:47,746
it's
4074
00:22:47,826 --> 00:22:48,156
right
4075
00:22:48,156 --> 00:22:48,396
there
4076
00:22:48,396 --> 00:22:48,486
in
4077
00:22:48,486 --> 00:22:48,576
the
4078
00:22:48,576 --> 00:22:48,696
Old
4079
00:22:48,696 --> 00:22:49,266
Testament
.
4080
00:22:50,076 --> 00:22:50,406
So
4081
00:22:50,436 --> 00:22:50,526
you
4082
00:22:50,526 --> 00:22:50,616
know
,
4083
00:22:50,786 --> 00:22:51,056
these
4084
00:22:51,056 --> 00:22:51,296
these
4085
00:22:51,306 --> 00:22:51,426
are
4086
00:22:51,426 --> 00:22:51,696
things
4087
00:22:51,696 --> 00:22:52,116
we
4088
00:22:52,116 --> 00:22:52,436
we
4089
00:22:52,446 --> 00:22:52,626
know
4090
00:22:52,626 --> 00:22:52,806
about
,
4091
00:22:52,806 --> 00:22:52,956
right
?
4092
00:22:53,076 --> 00:22:53,406
We
4093
00:22:53,406 --> 00:22:53,556
know
4094
00:22:53,556 --> 00:22:53,826
about
4095
00:22:53,826 --> 00:22:53,976
it
4096
00:22:54,516 --> 00:22:54,666
in
4097
00:22:54,666 --> 00:22:54,726
the
4098
00:22:54,726 --> 00:22:54,846
Old
4099
00:22:54,846 --> 00:22:55,146
Testament
4100
00:22:55,146 --> 00:22:55,446
also
,
4101
00:22:55,446 --> 00:22:55,686
when
4102
00:22:55,686 --> 00:22:55,956
when
4103
00:22:55,956 --> 00:22:56,346
when
4104
00:22:56,346 --> 00:22:56,736
Adam
4105
00:22:56,736 --> 00:22:56,826
and
4106
00:22:56,826 --> 00:22:56,976
Eve
4107
00:22:56,976 --> 00:22:57,066
were
4108
00:22:57,066 --> 00:22:57,276
kicked
4109
00:22:57,276 --> 00:22:57,396
out
4110
00:22:57,396 --> 00:22:57,516
with
4111
00:22:57,516 --> 00:22:57,636
the
4112
00:22:57,636 --> 00:22:58,056
first
4113
00:22:58,056 --> 00:22:58,506
thing
4114
00:22:58,806 --> 00:22:59,226
that
4115
00:22:59,656 --> 00:22:59,896
they're
4116
00:23:00,306 --> 00:23:00,456
they're
4117
00:23:00,456 --> 00:23:00,786
forced
4118
00:23:00,786 --> 00:23:00,876
to
4119
00:23:00,876 --> 00:23:01,176
do
4120
00:23:01,176 --> 00:23:01,356
is
4121
00:23:01,356 --> 00:23:02,086
is
4122
00:23:02,136 --> 00:23:02,526
Adam
4123
00:23:02,526 --> 00:23:02,766
has
4124
00:23:02,766 --> 00:23:02,886
to
4125
00:23:02,886 --> 00:23:03,246
work
4126
00:23:03,246 --> 00:23:03,456
for
4127
00:23:03,456 --> 00:23:03,636
his
4128
00:23:03,636 --> 00:23:03,906
food
4129
00:23:03,906 --> 00:23:04,026
from
4130
00:23:04,026 --> 00:23:04,086
the
4131
00:23:04,086 --> 00:23:04,266
sweat
.
4132
00:23:04,266 --> 00:23:04,326
It
4133
00:23:04,326 --> 00:23:04,416
was
4134
00:23:04,416 --> 00:23:04,546
drought
4135
00:23:04,656 --> 00:23:04,746
he
4136
00:23:04,746 --> 00:23:04,836
has
4137
00:23:04,836 --> 00:23:04,926
to
4138
00:23:04,926 --> 00:23:05,436
farm
4139
00:23:06,456 --> 00:23:06,996
Eden
4140
00:23:06,996 --> 00:23:07,266
was
4141
00:23:07,266 --> 00:23:07,686
hunting
4142
00:23:07,686 --> 00:23:08,016
hunting
4143
00:23:08,016 --> 00:23:08,106
and
4144
00:23:08,106 --> 00:23:08,616
gathering
4145
00:23:08,796 --> 00:23:09,216
now
4146
00:23:09,216 --> 00:23:09,516
now
4147
00:23:09,516 --> 00:23:09,876
Adam
4148
00:23:09,876 --> 00:23:10,086
has
4149
00:23:10,086 --> 00:23:10,176
to
4150
00:23:10,176 --> 00:23:10,566
farm
.
4151
00:23:10,566 --> 00:23:10,776
Right
.
4152
00:23:10,776 --> 00:23:10,926
So
4153
00:23:10,926 --> 00:23:11,166
these
4154
00:23:11,316 --> 00:23:11,586
these
4155
00:23:11,586 --> 00:23:11,856
are
4156
00:23:11,856 --> 00:23:11,976
our
4157
00:23:11,976 --> 00:23:12,216
myths
.
4158
00:23:12,216 --> 00:23:12,336
We
4159
00:23:12,336 --> 00:23:12,846
totally
4160
00:23:12,846 --> 00:23:13,296
understand
4161
00:23:13,296 --> 00:23:13,476
what's
4162
00:23:13,476 --> 00:23:13,746
going
4163
00:23:13,746 --> 00:23:14,046
on
.
4164
00:23:14,286 --> 00:23:14,466
One
4165
00:23:14,466 --> 00:23:14,526
of
4166
00:23:14,526 --> 00:23:14,586
the
4167
00:23:14,586 --> 00:23:14,796
most
4168
00:23:14,796 --> 00:23:15,306
interesting
4169
00:23:15,306 --> 00:23:15,846
ones
4170
00:23:16,116 --> 00:23:16,386
is
4171
00:23:16,386 --> 00:23:16,626
in
4172
00:23:17,076 --> 00:23:17,466
ancient
4173
00:23:17,466 --> 00:23:17,916
Egypt
.
4174
00:23:18,246 --> 00:23:18,636
So
4175
00:23:18,636 --> 00:23:18,756
the
4176
00:23:18,756 --> 00:23:19,116
Egyptian
4177
00:23:19,116 --> 00:23:19,656
civilization
4178
00:23:19,656 --> 00:23:19,986
starts
4179
00:23:19,986 --> 00:23:20,256
around
4180
00:23:20,256 --> 00:23:20,916
5000
4181
00:23:20,916 --> 00:23:21,126
years
4182
00:23:21,126 --> 00:23:21,486
ago
.
4183
00:23:21,726 --> 00:23:21,906
And
4184
00:23:21,906 --> 00:23:22,026
it's
4185
00:23:22,026 --> 00:23:22,236
not
4186
00:23:22,236 --> 00:23:22,296
a
4187
00:23:22,296 --> 00:23:22,986
coincidence
4188
00:23:22,986 --> 00:23:23,136
that
4189
00:23:23,136 --> 00:23:23,226
at
4190
00:23:23,226 --> 00:23:23,406
that
4191
00:23:23,406 --> 00:23:23,766
same
4192
00:23:23,766 --> 00:23:24,336
time
4193
00:23:24,576 --> 00:23:24,756
there
4194
00:23:24,756 --> 00:23:24,996
was
4195
00:23:24,996 --> 00:23:25,416
a
4196
00:23:25,746 --> 00:23:25,896
an
4197
00:23:25,896 --> 00:23:26,436
extended
4198
00:23:26,436 --> 00:23:26,946
cooling
4199
00:23:26,946 --> 00:23:27,486
period
4200
00:23:28,116 --> 00:23:28,356
that
4201
00:23:28,356 --> 00:23:28,686
made
4202
00:23:28,686 --> 00:23:28,776
the
4203
00:23:28,776 --> 00:23:29,286
Sahara
4204
00:23:29,286 --> 00:23:29,646
become
4205
00:23:29,646 --> 00:23:30,096
much
4206
00:23:30,096 --> 00:23:30,606
drier
4207
00:23:30,606 --> 00:23:30,876
there
.
4208
00:23:31,236 --> 00:23:31,476
And
4209
00:23:31,476 --> 00:23:31,926
so
4210
00:23:32,646 --> 00:23:32,946
hunting
4211
00:23:32,946 --> 00:23:33,036
and
4212
00:23:33,036 --> 00:23:33,396
gathering
4213
00:23:33,396 --> 00:23:33,666
became
4214
00:23:33,666 --> 00:23:33,816
more
4215
00:23:33,816 --> 00:23:34,266
difficult
4216
00:23:34,266 --> 00:23:34,506
because
4217
00:23:34,506 --> 00:23:34,656
what
4218
00:23:34,656 --> 00:23:34,746
had
4219
00:23:34,746 --> 00:23:34,956
been
4220
00:23:34,956 --> 00:23:35,286
something
4221
00:23:35,286 --> 00:23:35,496
like
4222
00:23:35,496 --> 00:23:35,586
the
4223
00:23:35,586 --> 00:23:36,186
Serengeti
,
4224
00:23:36,186 --> 00:23:36,276
where
4225
00:23:36,276 --> 00:23:36,366
the
4226
00:23:36,366 --> 00:23:36,786
Sahara
4227
00:23:36,786 --> 00:23:37,086
is
4228
00:23:37,236 --> 00:23:37,596
dried
4229
00:23:37,596 --> 00:23:37,716
out
4230
00:23:37,716 --> 00:23:37,836
to
4231
00:23:37,836 --> 00:23:38,046
the
4232
00:23:38,346 --> 00:23:38,676
current
4233
00:23:38,676 --> 00:23:39,156
desert
4234
00:23:39,366 --> 00:23:39,546
and
4235
00:23:39,546 --> 00:23:39,816
people
4236
00:23:39,816 --> 00:23:39,966
had
4237
00:23:39,966 --> 00:23:40,056
to
4238
00:23:40,056 --> 00:23:40,296
move
4239
00:23:40,296 --> 00:23:40,536
along
4240
00:23:40,536 --> 00:23:40,626
the
4241
00:23:40,626 --> 00:23:40,956
river
.
4242
00:23:40,956 --> 00:23:41,046
And
4243
00:23:41,046 --> 00:23:41,136
the
4244
00:23:41,136 --> 00:23:41,346
only
4245
00:23:41,346 --> 00:23:41,466
way
4246
00:23:41,466 --> 00:23:41,556
to
4247
00:23:41,556 --> 00:23:41,706
get
4248
00:23:41,706 --> 00:23:41,916
enough
4249
00:23:41,916 --> 00:23:42,396
food
4250
00:23:42,606 --> 00:23:42,966
living
4251
00:23:42,966 --> 00:23:43,086
on
4252
00:23:43,086 --> 00:23:43,146
a
4253
00:23:43,146 --> 00:23:43,566
river
4254
00:23:43,686 --> 00:23:44,046
was
4255
00:23:44,046 --> 00:23:44,166
to
4256
00:23:44,166 --> 00:23:44,436
start
4257
00:23:44,436 --> 00:23:44,946
farming
.
4258
00:23:45,096 --> 00:23:45,426
And
4259
00:23:45,426 --> 00:23:45,816
so
4260
00:23:45,936 --> 00:23:46,116
they
4261
00:23:46,116 --> 00:23:46,296
went
4262
00:23:46,296 --> 00:23:46,536
from
4263
00:23:46,536 --> 00:23:46,566
a
4264
00:23:46,566 --> 00:23:46,806
hunter
4265
00:23:46,806 --> 00:23:47,166
gatherer
4266
00:23:47,166 --> 00:23:47,796
society
4267
00:23:47,976 --> 00:23:48,216
to
4268
00:23:48,216 --> 00:23:48,426
a
4269
00:23:48,426 --> 00:23:48,876
river
4270
00:23:48,876 --> 00:23:49,206
based
4271
00:23:49,206 --> 00:23:49,596
farming
4272
00:23:49,596 --> 00:23:50,076
society
.
4273
00:23:50,076 --> 00:23:50,346
V
4274
00:23:50,346 --> 00:23:50,856
quickly
4275
00:23:50,976 --> 00:23:51,156
and
4276
00:23:51,156 --> 00:23:51,456
became
4277
00:23:51,456 --> 00:23:51,546
the
4278
00:23:51,546 --> 00:23:51,966
Egyptian
4279
00:23:51,966 --> 00:23:52,776
civilization
.
4280
00:23:52,776 --> 00:23:53,136
And
4281
00:23:53,136 --> 00:23:53,376
in
4282
00:23:53,376 --> 00:23:53,556
their
4283
00:23:53,556 --> 00:23:54,036
myths
4284
00:23:54,276 --> 00:23:54,486
they
4285
00:23:54,486 --> 00:23:54,846
talk
4286
00:23:54,846 --> 00:23:55,356
about
4287
00:23:56,286 --> 00:23:56,916
how
4288
00:23:56,916 --> 00:23:57,626
ra
4289
00:23:57,636 --> 00:23:57,816
the
4290
00:23:57,816 --> 00:23:58,086
sun
4291
00:23:58,086 --> 00:23:58,536
God
4292
00:23:58,776 --> 00:23:59,226
lived
4293
00:23:59,226 --> 00:23:59,406
with
4294
00:23:59,406 --> 00:23:59,496
the
4295
00:23:59,496 --> 00:23:59,946
people
,
4296
00:24:00,396 --> 00:24:00,876
but
4297
00:24:02,016 --> 00:24:02,616
they
4298
00:24:02,616 --> 00:24:02,826
did
4299
00:24:02,826 --> 00:24:03,036
not
4300
00:24:03,036 --> 00:24:03,456
worship
4301
00:24:03,456 --> 00:24:03,726
RA
4302
00:24:03,726 --> 00:24:04,296
properly
4303
00:24:04,296 --> 00:24:04,436
and
4304
00:24:04,746 --> 00:24:04,836
he
4305
00:24:04,836 --> 00:24:04,986
didn't
4306
00:24:04,986 --> 00:24:05,106
get
4307
00:24:05,106 --> 00:24:05,286
the
4308
00:24:05,286 --> 00:24:05,766
respect
4309
00:24:05,766 --> 00:24:05,946
that
4310
00:24:05,946 --> 00:24:06,066
they
4311
00:24:06,066 --> 00:24:06,426
needed
.
4312
00:24:06,966 --> 00:24:07,206
And
4313
00:24:07,206 --> 00:24:07,536
so
4314
00:24:07,536 --> 00:24:07,746
the
4315
00:24:07,746 --> 00:24:08,166
eye
4316
00:24:08,166 --> 00:24:08,316
of
4317
00:24:08,316 --> 00:24:08,766
Ra
,
4318
00:24:10,056 --> 00:24:10,356
which
4319
00:24:10,356 --> 00:24:10,506
is
4320
00:24:10,506 --> 00:24:10,596
the
4321
00:24:10,596 --> 00:24:11,016
sun
,
4322
00:24:11,556 --> 00:24:12,276
became
4323
00:24:12,276 --> 00:24:12,666
sick
,
4324
00:24:12,666 --> 00:24:12,996
met
4325
00:24:13,446 --> 00:24:13,896
the
4326
00:24:14,166 --> 00:24:14,796
female
4327
00:24:14,796 --> 00:24:15,426
goddess
4328
00:24:15,426 --> 00:24:15,606
who
4329
00:24:15,606 --> 00:24:15,756
is
4330
00:24:15,756 --> 00:24:15,876
a
4331
00:24:15,876 --> 00:24:16,506
lion
,
4332
00:24:16,716 --> 00:24:16,866
and
4333
00:24:16,866 --> 00:24:17,076
she
4334
00:24:17,076 --> 00:24:17,226
is
4335
00:24:17,226 --> 00:24:17,436
the
4336
00:24:17,436 --> 00:24:17,886
lion
4337
00:24:17,886 --> 00:24:17,976
of
4338
00:24:17,976 --> 00:24:18,066
the
4339
00:24:18,066 --> 00:24:18,636
desert
.
4340
00:24:18,786 --> 00:24:18,966
And
4341
00:24:18,966 --> 00:24:19,236
where
4342
00:24:19,236 --> 00:24:19,476
she
4343
00:24:19,476 --> 00:24:20,136
walks
,
4344
00:24:20,136 --> 00:24:20,706
everything
4345
00:24:20,706 --> 00:24:21,396
burns
4346
00:24:21,696 --> 00:24:21,876
and
4347
00:24:21,876 --> 00:24:22,086
so
4348
00:24:22,086 --> 00:24:22,166
she
4349
00:24:22,406 --> 00:24:22,596
met
,
4350
00:24:22,596 --> 00:24:22,926
came
4351
00:24:22,926 --> 00:24:23,046
and
4352
00:24:23,316 --> 00:24:23,616
she
4353
00:24:23,616 --> 00:24:24,456
burned
4354
00:24:24,456 --> 00:24:24,966
basically
4355
00:24:24,966 --> 00:24:25,116
what
4356
00:24:25,116 --> 00:24:25,176
the
4357
00:24:25,176 --> 00:24:25,806
Serengeti
4358
00:24:25,806 --> 00:24:26,076
was
4359
00:24:26,076 --> 00:24:26,166
and
4360
00:24:26,166 --> 00:24:26,466
turned
4361
00:24:26,466 --> 00:24:26,526
it
4362
00:24:26,526 --> 00:24:26,736
into
4363
00:24:26,736 --> 00:24:26,856
the
4364
00:24:26,856 --> 00:24:27,426
Sahara
.
4365
00:24:27,876 --> 00:24:28,056
And
4366
00:24:28,056 --> 00:24:28,236
when
4367
00:24:28,236 --> 00:24:28,326
she
4368
00:24:28,546 --> 00:24:28,776
met
4369
00:24:28,776 --> 00:24:29,196
burned
4370
00:24:29,196 --> 00:24:29,316
the
4371
00:24:29,316 --> 00:24:30,156
Serengeti
,
4372
00:24:30,396 --> 00:24:31,056
everyone
4373
00:24:31,056 --> 00:24:31,266
was
4374
00:24:31,266 --> 00:24:31,806
dying
.
4375
00:24:32,286 --> 00:24:32,526
And
4376
00:24:32,526 --> 00:24:32,706
so
4377
00:24:32,706 --> 00:24:32,826
the
4378
00:24:32,826 --> 00:24:33,366
people
4379
00:24:34,056 --> 00:24:34,536
took
4380
00:24:35,946 --> 00:24:36,396
red
4381
00:24:36,396 --> 00:24:36,966
dye
4382
00:24:37,746 --> 00:24:37,956
and
4383
00:24:37,956 --> 00:24:38,076
they
4384
00:24:38,076 --> 00:24:38,486
filled
4385
00:24:38,496 --> 00:24:38,556
a
4386
00:24:38,556 --> 00:24:38,946
lake
4387
00:24:39,096 --> 00:24:39,486
of
4388
00:24:39,486 --> 00:24:39,966
beer
4389
00:24:39,966 --> 00:24:40,176
with
4390
00:24:40,176 --> 00:24:40,356
it
.
4391
00:24:41,226 --> 00:24:41,406
They
4392
00:24:41,406 --> 00:24:41,586
made
4393
00:24:41,586 --> 00:24:41,646
a
4394
00:24:41,646 --> 00:24:41,886
lake
4395
00:24:41,886 --> 00:24:42,006
of
4396
00:24:42,006 --> 00:24:42,306
beer
.
4397
00:24:42,306 --> 00:24:42,456
So
4398
00:24:42,456 --> 00:24:42,816
again
,
4399
00:24:42,816 --> 00:24:43,266
beer
4400
00:24:43,266 --> 00:24:43,356
at
4401
00:24:43,356 --> 00:24:43,416
the
4402
00:24:43,416 --> 00:24:44,046
transition
4403
00:24:44,046 --> 00:24:44,166
to
4404
00:24:44,166 --> 00:24:44,736
farming
,
4405
00:24:45,006 --> 00:24:45,156
they
4406
00:24:45,156 --> 00:24:45,406
filled
4407
00:24:45,406 --> 00:24:45,486
the
4408
00:24:45,486 --> 00:24:45,756
lake
4409
00:24:45,756 --> 00:24:45,846
of
4410
00:24:45,846 --> 00:24:46,206
beer
.
4411
00:24:46,206 --> 00:24:46,356
They
4412
00:24:46,356 --> 00:24:46,686
died
4413
00:24:46,686 --> 00:24:46,806
it
4414
00:24:46,806 --> 00:24:47,106
red
4415
00:24:47,106 --> 00:24:47,226
and
4416
00:24:47,226 --> 00:24:47,346
they
4417
00:24:47,346 --> 00:24:47,736
tricked
4418
00:24:47,736 --> 00:24:48,186
sediment
4419
00:24:48,186 --> 00:24:48,576
into
4420
00:24:48,606 --> 00:24:48,876
thinking
4421
00:24:48,876 --> 00:24:48,936
it
4422
00:24:48,936 --> 00:24:49,026
was
4423
00:24:49,026 --> 00:24:49,086
a
4424
00:24:49,086 --> 00:24:49,356
lake
4425
00:24:49,356 --> 00:24:49,416
of
4426
00:24:49,416 --> 00:24:49,866
blood
.
4427
00:24:50,346 --> 00:24:50,526
And
4428
00:24:50,526 --> 00:24:50,766
she
4429
00:24:50,916 --> 00:24:51,116
in
4430
00:24:51,216 --> 00:24:51,336
her
4431
00:24:51,336 --> 00:24:52,026
anger
4432
00:24:52,026 --> 00:24:52,266
at
4433
00:24:52,266 --> 00:24:52,386
their
4434
00:24:52,386 --> 00:24:53,076
disrespect
4435
00:24:53,076 --> 00:24:53,226
for
4436
00:24:53,226 --> 00:24:53,556
Ra
4437
00:24:53,566 --> 00:24:53,796
because
4438
00:24:53,796 --> 00:24:53,976
she
4439
00:24:53,976 --> 00:24:54,306
was
4440
00:24:54,576 --> 00:24:54,756
she
4441
00:24:54,756 --> 00:24:54,906
was
4442
00:24:54,906 --> 00:24:54,996
the
4443
00:24:54,996 --> 00:24:55,356
son
4444
00:24:55,746 --> 00:24:55,926
and
4445
00:24:55,926 --> 00:24:56,106
she
4446
00:24:56,106 --> 00:24:56,316
was
4447
00:24:56,316 --> 00:24:56,646
raw
4448
00:24:56,646 --> 00:24:56,796
and
4449
00:24:56,796 --> 00:24:56,916
she
4450
00:24:56,916 --> 00:24:57,066
was
4451
00:24:57,066 --> 00:24:57,276
sick
4452
00:24:57,506 --> 00:24:57,606
and
4453
00:24:57,606 --> 00:24:57,756
she
4454
00:24:57,756 --> 00:24:57,886
was
4455
00:24:57,886 --> 00:24:57,936
the
4456
00:24:57,936 --> 00:24:58,596
lioness
.
4457
00:24:59,526 --> 00:25:00,126
Powerful
4458
00:25:00,126 --> 00:25:00,516
female
,
4459
00:25:00,516 --> 00:25:00,696
Right
.
4460
00:25:00,696 --> 00:25:01,566
Lionesses
.
4461
00:25:01,986 --> 00:25:02,226
They'r
4462
00:25:02,226 --> 00:25:02,316
the
4463
00:25:02,316 --> 00:25:02,466
ones
4464
00:25:02,466 --> 00:25:02,526
who
4465
00:25:02,526 --> 00:25:02,736
actually
4466
00:25:02,736 --> 00:25:02,856
do
4467
00:25:02,856 --> 00:25:02,946
the
4468
00:25:02,946 --> 00:25:03,366
hunting
.
4469
00:25:03,606 --> 00:25:03,906
She's
4470
00:25:03,906 --> 00:25:03,996
the
4471
00:25:03,996 --> 00:25:04,206
one
4472
00:25:04,206 --> 00:25:04,416
who
4473
00:25:04,656 --> 00:25:04,976
is
4474
00:25:05,026 --> 00:25:05,376
is
4475
00:25:05,376 --> 00:25:06,096
representing
4476
00:25:06,096 --> 00:25:06,396
hunting
4477
00:25:06,396 --> 00:25:06,486
and
4478
00:25:06,486 --> 00:25:06,876
gathering
4479
00:25:06,876 --> 00:25:06,996
in
4480
00:25:06,996 --> 00:25:07,296
this
4481
00:25:07,546 --> 00:25:07,806
this
4482
00:25:08,706 --> 00:25:09,216
idea
.
4483
00:25:09,546 --> 00:25:09,696
So
4484
00:25:09,696 --> 00:25:09,846
she
4485
00:25:09,846 --> 00:25:10,086
goes
4486
00:25:10,086 --> 00:25:10,236
from
4487
00:25:10,236 --> 00:25:10,326
a
4488
00:25:10,326 --> 00:25:10,926
hunter
,
4489
00:25:11,316 --> 00:25:11,886
female
4490
00:25:12,606 --> 00:25:13,146
drinks
4491
00:25:13,146 --> 00:25:13,416
this
4492
00:25:13,416 --> 00:25:13,866
beer
4493
00:25:14,616 --> 00:25:15,036
beginning
4494
00:25:15,036 --> 00:25:15,156
of
4495
00:25:15,156 --> 00:25:15,756
agriculture
4496
00:25:15,786 --> 00:25:16,176
beer
4497
00:25:16,506 --> 00:25:17,106
passes
4498
00:25:17,106 --> 00:25:17,436
out
4499
00:25:18,006 --> 00:25:18,216
and
4500
00:25:18,216 --> 00:25:18,516
wakes
4501
00:25:18,516 --> 00:25:18,666
up
4502
00:25:18,666 --> 00:25:18,786
is
4503
00:25:18,786 --> 00:25:19,086
half
4504
00:25:19,086 --> 00:25:19,356
hour
4505
00:25:19,416 --> 00:25:19,746
the
4506
00:25:19,916 --> 00:25:20,106
the
4507
00:25:20,106 --> 00:25:20,496
cow
4508
00:25:21,096 --> 00:25:21,366
and
4509
00:25:21,366 --> 00:25:21,666
holding
4510
00:25:21,666 --> 00:25:21,756
the
4511
00:25:21,756 --> 00:25:21,966
son
4512
00:25:21,966 --> 00:25:22,086
in
4513
00:25:22,086 --> 00:25:22,206
her
4514
00:25:22,206 --> 00:25:22,716
horns
4515
00:25:23,436 --> 00:25:23,886
and
4516
00:25:23,886 --> 00:25:24,156
half
4517
00:25:24,156 --> 00:25:24,306
or
4518
00:25:24,306 --> 00:25:24,696
eventually
4519
00:25:24,696 --> 00:25:24,996
becomes
4520
00:25:24,996 --> 00:25:25,266
ice
4521
00:25:25,266 --> 00:25:25,386
is
4522
00:25:25,386 --> 00:25:25,656
holding
4523
00:25:25,656 --> 00:25:25,746
the
4524
00:25:25,746 --> 00:25:25,926
son
4525
00:25:25,926 --> 00:25:26,036
in
4526
00:25:26,036 --> 00:25:26,176
her
4527
00:25:26,196 --> 00:25:26,646
horns
.
4528
00:25:27,666 --> 00:25:27,966
So
4529
00:25:27,966 --> 00:25:28,176
this
4530
00:25:28,176 --> 00:25:28,326
is
4531
00:25:28,326 --> 00:25:28,566
this
4532
00:25:28,566 --> 00:25:28,746
is
4533
00:25:28,746 --> 00:25:28,986
this
4534
00:25:28,986 --> 00:25:29,106
is
4535
00:25:29,106 --> 00:25:29,496
a
4536
00:25:29,496 --> 00:25:30,276
transitionary
4537
00:25:30,276 --> 00:25:30,636
period
4538
00:25:30,636 --> 00:25:30,726
that
4539
00:25:30,726 --> 00:25:30,846
we
4540
00:25:30,846 --> 00:25:31,116
have
4541
00:25:31,116 --> 00:25:31,476
very
4542
00:25:31,476 --> 00:25:31,866
much
4543
00:25:31,866 --> 00:25:32,266
in
4544
00:25:32,346 --> 00:25:32,466
our
4545
00:25:32,466 --> 00:25:33,036
religion
,
4546
00:25:33,036 --> 00:25:33,186
in
4547
00:25:33,186 --> 00:25:33,276
our
4548
00:25:33,276 --> 00:25:34,146
mythology
.
4549
00:25:34,716 --> 00:25:34,896
We
4550
00:25:34,896 --> 00:25:35,976
understand
4551
00:25:35,976 --> 00:25:36,366
that
4552
00:25:36,366 --> 00:25:36,666
this
4553
00:25:36,666 --> 00:25:37,056
was
4554
00:25:37,056 --> 00:25:37,236
a
4555
00:25:37,236 --> 00:25:37,656
trap
4556
00:25:37,656 --> 00:25:37,776
we
4557
00:25:37,776 --> 00:25:37,956
got
4558
00:25:37,956 --> 00:25:38,316
ourselves
4559
00:25:38,316 --> 00:25:38,736
into
.
4560
00:25:38,946 --> 00:25:39,156
This
4561
00:25:39,156 --> 00:25:39,276
is
4562
00:25:39,276 --> 00:25:39,516
not
4563
00:25:39,516 --> 00:25:39,816
seen
4564
00:25:39,816 --> 00:25:39,906
as
4565
00:25:39,906 --> 00:25:40,026
a
4566
00:25:40,026 --> 00:25:40,566
wonderful
4567
00:25:40,566 --> 00:25:40,956
moment
.
4568
00:25:41,406 --> 00:25:41,616
This
4569
00:25:41,616 --> 00:25:41,706
is
4570
00:25:41,706 --> 00:25:42,036
seen
4571
00:25:42,036 --> 00:25:42,336
as
4572
00:25:42,336 --> 00:25:42,576
a
4573
00:25:42,576 --> 00:25:43,056
really
4574
00:25:43,056 --> 00:25:43,506
hard
4575
00:25:43,506 --> 00:25:43,956
moment
.
4576
00:25:44,406 --> 00:25:44,916
And
,
4577
00:25:45,156 --> 00:25:45,306
you
4578
00:25:45,306 --> 00:25:45,426
know
,
4579
00:25:45,426 --> 00:25:45,756
many
,
4580
00:25:45,756 --> 00:25:46,176
many
,
4581
00:25:46,176 --> 00:25:46,446
many
4582
00:25:46,446 --> 00:25:46,896
religions
4583
00:25:46,896 --> 00:25:47,046
have
4584
00:25:47,046 --> 00:25:47,136
the
4585
00:25:47,136 --> 00:25:47,496
idea
4586
00:25:47,496 --> 00:25:47,616
of
4587
00:25:47,616 --> 00:25:47,886
things
4588
00:25:47,886 --> 00:25:48,126
going
4589
00:25:48,126 --> 00:25:48,906
downhill
.
4590
00:25:49,176 --> 00:25:49,386
And
4591
00:25:49,386 --> 00:25:49,476
I
4592
00:25:49,476 --> 00:25:49,656
think
4593
00:25:49,656 --> 00:25:49,746
it
4594
00:25:49,746 --> 00:25:49,866
is
4595
00:25:49,866 --> 00:25:50,106
very
4596
00:25:50,106 --> 00:25:50,286
much
4597
00:25:50,286 --> 00:25:50,946
based
4598
00:25:50,946 --> 00:25:51,156
on
4599
00:25:51,156 --> 00:25:51,336
this
4600
00:25:51,336 --> 00:25:51,786
idea
4601
00:25:51,846 --> 00:25:51,986
of
4602
00:25:52,026 --> 00:25:52,116
the
4603
00:25:52,116 --> 00:25:52,626
transition
4604
00:25:52,626 --> 00:25:52,836
from
4605
00:25:52,836 --> 00:25:53,316
Eden
4606
00:25:53,646 --> 00:25:53,976
to
4607
00:25:53,976 --> 00:25:54,096
the
4608
00:25:54,516 --> 00:25:55,086
transition
4609
00:25:55,086 --> 00:25:55,446
to
4610
00:25:55,626 --> 00:25:55,956
eating
4611
00:25:55,956 --> 00:25:56,076
of
4612
00:25:56,076 --> 00:25:56,166
the
4613
00:25:56,616 --> 00:25:56,916
fruit
,
4614
00:25:56,916 --> 00:25:57,066
of
4615
00:25:57,066 --> 00:25:57,156
the
4616
00:25:57,156 --> 00:25:57,366
tree
4617
00:25:57,366 --> 00:25:57,486
of
4618
00:25:57,486 --> 00:25:58,026
knowledge
4619
00:25:58,146 --> 00:25:58,326
and
4620
00:25:58,326 --> 00:25:58,716
becoming
4621
00:25:58,716 --> 00:25:59,316
farmers
4622
00:25:59,886 --> 00:26:00,096
and
4623
00:26:00,096 --> 00:26:00,486
everything
,
4624
00:26:00,486 --> 00:26:00,876
becoming
4625
00:26:00,876 --> 00:26:01,296
hard
4626
00:26:01,656 --> 00:26:01,986
and
4627
00:26:01,986 --> 00:26:02,256
no
4628
00:26:02,256 --> 00:26:02,556
longer
4629
00:26:02,556 --> 00:26:02,766
being
4630
00:26:02,766 --> 00:26:02,886
able
4631
00:26:02,886 --> 00:26:03,066
just
4632
00:26:03,066 --> 00:26:03,366
reach
4633
00:26:03,366 --> 00:26:03,576
out
4634
00:26:03,576 --> 00:26:03,666
and
4635
00:26:03,666 --> 00:26:03,846
pick
4636
00:26:03,846 --> 00:26:03,936
the
4637
00:26:03,936 --> 00:26:04,176
fruit
4638
00:26:04,176 --> 00:26:04,356
from
4639
00:26:04,356 --> 00:26:04,416
the
4640
00:26:04,416 --> 00:26:04,806
tree
.
4641
00:26:05,046 --> 00:26:05,226
But
4642
00:26:05,226 --> 00:26:05,346
you
4643
00:26:05,346 --> 00:26:05,526
now
4644
00:26:05,526 --> 00:26:05,676
have
4645
00:26:05,676 --> 00:26:05,766
to
4646
00:26:05,766 --> 00:26:06,036
work
4647
00:26:06,036 --> 00:26:06,276
for
4648
00:26:06,276 --> 00:26:06,456
it
.
4649
00:26:06,576 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
4650
00:26:06,576 --> 00:26:06,596
I
4651
00:26:06,666 --> 00:26:07,236
never
4652
00:26:07,236 --> 00:26:07,506
thought
4653
00:26:07,506 --> 00:26:07,626
of
4654
00:26:07,626 --> 00:26:07,806
this
4655
00:26:07,806 --> 00:26:08,046
this
4656
00:26:08,046 --> 00:26:08,406
way
.
4657
00:26:08,976 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
4658
00:26:08,976 --> 00:26:09,186
Well
,
4659
00:26:09,186 --> 00:26:09,366
thank
4660
00:26:09,396 --> 00:26:09,486
you
.
4661
00:26:09,506 --> 00:26:09,626
I
4662
00:26:09,856 --> 00:26:09,966
that
4663
00:26:10,166 --> 00:26:10,386
that's
4664
00:26:10,386 --> 00:26:10,566
where
4665
00:26:10,566 --> 00:26:10,686
I
4666
00:26:10,686 --> 00:26:10,926
wanted
4667
00:26:10,926 --> 00:26:10,986
to
4668
00:26:10,986 --> 00:26:11,136
get
4669
00:26:11,136 --> 00:26:11,326
to
4670
00:26:11,326 --> 00:26:11,446
with
4671
00:26:11,516 --> 00:26:11,646
with
4672
00:26:11,646 --> 00:26:11,736
the
4673
00:26:11,736 --> 00:26:12,036
farming
4674
00:26:12,036 --> 00:26:12,336
trap
4675
00:26:12,336 --> 00:26:12,616
is
,
4676
00:26:12,616 --> 00:26:13,206
is
4677
00:26:13,236 --> 00:26:13,416
trying
4678
00:26:13,416 --> 00:26:13,506
to
4679
00:26:13,506 --> 00:26:14,016
explain
4680
00:26:14,406 --> 00:26:14,826
how
4681
00:26:14,826 --> 00:26:15,276
our
4682
00:26:16,176 --> 00:26:16,746
beginning
4683
00:26:16,746 --> 00:26:17,406
understand
4684
00:26:17,406 --> 00:26:17,586
thing
4685
00:26:17,586 --> 00:26:17,826
gets
4686
00:26:17,826 --> 00:26:17,976
us
4687
00:26:17,976 --> 00:26:18,216
out
4688
00:26:18,216 --> 00:26:18,336
of
4689
00:26:18,336 --> 00:26:18,876
Africa
4690
00:26:19,656 --> 00:26:19,956
gets
4691
00:26:19,956 --> 00:26:20,136
us
4692
00:26:20,136 --> 00:26:20,886
into
4693
00:26:21,126 --> 00:26:21,576
a
4694
00:26:21,576 --> 00:26:21,906
hunter
4695
00:26:21,906 --> 00:26:22,476
gatherer
4696
00:26:22,476 --> 00:26:23,346
society
4697
00:26:23,346 --> 00:26:23,916
spreading
4698
00:26:23,916 --> 00:26:24,366
all
4699
00:26:24,366 --> 00:26:24,816
over
4700
00:26:24,816 --> 00:26:24,906
the
4701
00:26:24,906 --> 00:26:25,386
globe
4702
00:26:25,386 --> 00:26:25,596
with
4703
00:26:25,596 --> 00:26:25,866
our
4704
00:26:25,866 --> 00:26:26,076
with
4705
00:26:26,076 --> 00:26:26,256
our
4706
00:26:26,256 --> 00:26:26,706
art
,
4707
00:26:26,856 --> 00:26:27,066
with
4708
00:26:27,066 --> 00:26:27,156
our
4709
00:26:27,156 --> 00:26:28,086
technologies
,
4710
00:26:28,626 --> 00:26:29,166
wiping
4711
00:26:29,166 --> 00:26:29,316
out
4712
00:26:29,316 --> 00:26:29,646
everything
4713
00:26:29,646 --> 00:26:29,766
as
4714
00:26:29,766 --> 00:26:29,886
we
4715
00:26:29,886 --> 00:26:30,306
go
4716
00:26:30,576 --> 00:26:30,786
And
4717
00:26:30,786 --> 00:26:30,996
then
4718
00:26:31,116 --> 00:26:31,626
as
4719
00:26:31,626 --> 00:26:31,986
as
4720
00:26:31,986 --> 00:26:32,286
the
4721
00:26:32,496 --> 00:26:32,886
ice
4722
00:26:32,886 --> 00:26:33,156
age
4723
00:26:33,156 --> 00:26:33,726
ends
,
4724
00:26:33,876 --> 00:26:34,446
farming
4725
00:26:34,446 --> 00:26:34,866
becomes
4726
00:26:34,866 --> 00:26:35,616
possible
.
4727
00:26:36,126 --> 00:26:36,366
And
4728
00:26:36,366 --> 00:26:36,756
because
4729
00:26:36,756 --> 00:26:36,936
we're
4730
00:26:36,936 --> 00:26:37,596
lazy
4731
00:26:38,286 --> 00:26:38,496
and
4732
00:26:38,496 --> 00:26:38,796
because
4733
00:26:38,796 --> 00:26:38,916
we
4734
00:26:38,916 --> 00:26:39,156
don't
4735
00:26:39,156 --> 00:26:39,276
want
4736
00:26:39,276 --> 00:26:39,336
to
4737
00:26:39,336 --> 00:26:39,456
be
4738
00:26:39,486 --> 00:26:40,086
hungry
,
4739
00:26:40,536 --> 00:26:40,746
we
4740
00:26:40,746 --> 00:26:41,046
turn
4741
00:26:41,046 --> 00:26:41,226
to
4742
00:26:41,226 --> 00:26:41,406
it
.
4743
00:26:41,856 --> 00:26:42,126
And
4744
00:26:42,126 --> 00:26:42,396
that's
4745
00:26:42,396 --> 00:26:42,486
the
4746
00:26:42,486 --> 00:26:42,876
trap
.
4747
00:26:44,256 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
4748
00:26:44,256 --> 00:26:44,586
Little
4749
00:26:44,586 --> 00:26:44,766
could
4750
00:26:44,766 --> 00:26:44,916
we
4751
00:26:44,916 --> 00:26:45,036
have
4752
00:26:45,036 --> 00:26:45,366
known
.
4753
00:26:46,326 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
4754
00:26:46,326 --> 00:26:46,506
I
4755
00:26:46,506 --> 00:26:46,716
think
4756
00:26:46,716 --> 00:26:46,836
we
4757
00:26:46,836 --> 00:26:47,016
do
4758
00:26:47,016 --> 00:26:47,226
know
.
4759
00:26:47,226 --> 00:26:47,286
I
4760
00:26:47,286 --> 00:26:47,436
think
4761
00:26:47,436 --> 00:26:47,556
we
4762
00:26:47,556 --> 00:26:47,886
always
4763
00:26:47,886 --> 00:26:48,216
know
.
4764
00:26:48,246 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
4765
00:26:48,246 --> 00:26:48,906
Before
4766
00:26:50,016 --> 00:26:50,676
before
4767
00:26:50,676 --> 00:26:50,886
we
4768
00:26:50,886 --> 00:26:51,216
even
4769
00:26:51,216 --> 00:26:51,606
started
4770
00:26:51,606 --> 00:26:52,086
farming
,
4771
00:26:52,086 --> 00:26:52,326
we
.
4772
00:26:52,326 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
4773
00:26:52,326 --> 00:26:52,596
God
4774
00:26:52,626 --> 00:26:53,016
told
4775
00:26:53,016 --> 00:26:53,136
us
4776
00:26:53,136 --> 00:26:53,376
not
4777
00:26:53,376 --> 00:26:53,466
to
4778
00:26:53,466 --> 00:26:53,676
eat
4779
00:26:53,676 --> 00:26:53,886
that
4780
00:26:53,886 --> 00:26:54,246
fruit
.
4781
00:26:55,416 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
4782
00:26:55,416 --> 00:26:55,656
But
4783
00:26:56,466 --> 00:26:56,826
indeed
4784
00:26:56,826 --> 00:26:56,886
he
4785
00:26:56,886 --> 00:26:57,186
did
.
4786
00:26:57,786 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
4787
00:26:57,786 --> 00:26:58,026
We
4788
00:26:58,026 --> 00:26:58,326
knew
4789
00:26:59,676 --> 00:26:59,856
because
4790
00:26:59,856 --> 00:26:59,976
we
4791
00:26:59,976 --> 00:27:00,156
did
4792
00:27:00,156 --> 00:27:00,216
it
4793
00:27:00,216 --> 00:27:00,516
over
4794
00:27:00,516 --> 00:27:00,606
and
4795
00:27:00,606 --> 00:27:00,876
over
4796
00:27:00,876 --> 00:27:01,296
again
,
4797
00:27:02,706 --> 00:27:02,916
we
4798
00:27:02,916 --> 00:27:03,036
would
4799
00:27:03,036 --> 00:27:03,336
become
4800
00:27:03,336 --> 00:27:03,816
farmers
,
4801
00:27:03,816 --> 00:27:03,936
we
4802
00:27:03,936 --> 00:27:04,236
become
4803
00:27:04,236 --> 00:27:04,476
hunter
4804
00:27:04,476 --> 00:27:05,046
gatherers
,
4805
00:27:05,046 --> 00:27:05,166
and
4806
00:27:05,166 --> 00:27:05,256
then
4807
00:27:05,256 --> 00:27:05,376
we
4808
00:27:05,376 --> 00:27:05,646
become
4809
00:27:05,646 --> 00:27:06,036
farmers
4810
00:27:06,036 --> 00:27:06,336
again
.
4811
00:27:06,666 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
4812
00:27:06,666 --> 00:27:06,876
We're
4813
00:27:06,876 --> 00:27:07,326
lazy
,
4814
00:27:07,446 --> 00:27:07,656
we're
4815
00:27:07,656 --> 00:27:08,166
lazy
.
4816
00:27:08,586 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
4817
00:27:08,586 --> 00:27:09,146
An
4818
00:27:09,156 --> 00:27:09,306
we
4819
00:27:09,306 --> 00:27:09,636
know
4820
00:27:10,116 --> 00:27:10,326
and
4821
00:27:10,326 --> 00:27:10,446
we
4822
00:27:10,446 --> 00:27:10,626
will
4823
00:27:10,626 --> 00:27:11,076
always
4824
00:27:11,076 --> 00:27:11,556
trade
4825
00:27:12,126 --> 00:27:12,516
being
4826
00:27:12,516 --> 00:27:12,936
hungry
4827
00:27:12,936 --> 00:27:13,086
for
4828
00:27:13,086 --> 00:27:13,206
our
.
4829
00:27:13,206 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
4830
00:27:13,206 --> 00:27:13,626
Birthright
.
4831
00:27:13,626 --> 00:27:14,016
Farming
4832
00:27:14,016 --> 00:27:14,226
life
4833
00:27:14,226 --> 00:27:14,406
from
4834
00:27:14,406 --> 00:27:14,556
what
4835
00:27:14,556 --> 00:27:14,676
you
4836
00:27:14,676 --> 00:27:14,916
say
4837
00:27:14,916 --> 00:27:15,066
is
4838
00:27:15,066 --> 00:27:15,186
the
4839
00:27:15,186 --> 00:27:15,576
harder
4840
00:27:15,576 --> 00:27:16,086
life
4841
00:27:16,776 --> 00:27:17,016
it
4842
00:27:17,016 --> 00:27:17,196
is
.
4843
00:27:17,196 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
4844
00:27:17,196 --> 00:27:17,316
But
4845
00:27:17,316 --> 00:27:17,436
you're
4846
00:27:17,436 --> 00:27:17,586
not
4847
00:27:17,586 --> 00:27:18,006
hungry
.
4848
00:27:19,176 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
4849
00:27:19,176 --> 00:27:19,416
So
4850
00:27:19,416 --> 00:27:19,596
that's
4851
00:27:19,596 --> 00:27:19,836
not
4852
00:27:19,836 --> 00:27:20,346
lazy
.
4853
00:27:20,346 --> 00:27:20,526
We're
4854
00:27:20,526 --> 00:27:20,766
just
4855
00:27:20,766 --> 00:27:21,066
afraid
4856
00:27:21,066 --> 00:27:21,156
of
4857
00:27:21,156 --> 00:27:21,396
being
4858
00:27:21,396 --> 00:27:21,756
hungry
.
4859
00:27:21,756 --> 00:27:21,876
We
4860
00:27:21,876 --> 00:27:22,026
don't
4861
00:27:22,026 --> 00:27:22,146
want
4862
00:27:22,146 --> 00:27:22,206
to
4863
00:27:22,206 --> 00:27:22,326
be
4864
00:27:22,356 --> 00:27:22,926
hungry
.
4865
00:27:23,106 --> 00:27:23,496
Yeah
,
4866
00:27:23,496 --> 00:27:23,886
that
4867
00:27:23,886 --> 00:27:24,036
I
4868
00:27:24,036 --> 00:27:24,216
can
4869
00:27:24,216 --> 00:27:24,906
understand
.
4870
00:27:24,906 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
4871
00:27:24,906 --> 00:27:25,206
Yeah
.
4872
00:27:25,236 --> 00:27:25,506
Okay
.
4873
00:27:25,506 --> 00:27:25,656
So
4874
00:27:25,656 --> 00:27:25,746
it's
4875
00:27:25,746 --> 00:27:25,926
not
4876
00:27:25,926 --> 00:27:26,406
lazy
.
4877
00:27:26,526 --> 00:27:26,766
It's
4878
00:27:26,766 --> 00:27:27,096
actually
.
4879
00:27:27,096 --> 00:27:27,336
Yeah
,
4880
00:27:27,336 --> 00:27:27,576
Yeah
.
4881
00:27:27,576 --> 00:27:27,606
A
4882
00:27:27,606 --> 00:27:27,816
hunter
4883
00:27:27,816 --> 00:27:28,116
gatherer
4884
00:27:28,116 --> 00:27:28,236
has
4885
00:27:28,236 --> 00:27:28,386
more
4886
00:27:28,386 --> 00:27:28,566
free
4887
00:27:28,566 --> 00:27:28,806
time
,
4888
00:27:29,736 --> 00:27:29,976
and
4889
00:27:29,976 --> 00:27:30,076
it's
.
4890
00:27:30,096 --> 00:27:30,216
And
4891
00:27:30,216 --> 00:27:30,336
it's
4892
00:27:30,336 --> 00:27:30,396
a
4893
00:27:30,396 --> 00:27:30,636
better
4894
00:27:30,636 --> 00:27:31,116
activity
,
4895
00:27:31,116 --> 00:27:31,176
you
4896
00:27:31,176 --> 00:27:31,416
know
?
4897
00:27:31,416 --> 00:27:31,626
What
4898
00:27:31,626 --> 00:27:31,746
would
4899
00:27:31,746 --> 00:27:31,836
you
4900
00:27:31,836 --> 00:27:32,106
rather
4901
00:27:32,106 --> 00:27:32,376
do
?
4902
00:27:32,376 --> 00:27:32,616
Like
,
4903
00:27:32,616 --> 00:27:32,856
go
4904
00:27:32,856 --> 00:27:32,976
for
4905
00:27:32,976 --> 00:27:33,036
a
4906
00:27:33,036 --> 00:27:33,276
long
4907
00:27:33,276 --> 00:27:33,576
walk
4908
00:27:33,576 --> 00:27:33,666
and
4909
00:27:33,666 --> 00:27:33,876
shoot
4910
00:27:33,876 --> 00:27:33,936
a
4911
00:27:33,936 --> 00:27:34,206
bow
4912
00:27:34,206 --> 00:27:34,296
at
4913
00:27:34,296 --> 00:27:34,356
a
4914
00:27:34,356 --> 00:27:34,686
deer
4915
00:27:34,686 --> 00:27:34,776
and
4916
00:27:34,776 --> 00:27:34,956
then
4917
00:27:34,956 --> 00:27:35,316
carry
4918
00:27:35,316 --> 00:27:35,376
it
4919
00:27:35,376 --> 00:27:35,586
back
4920
00:27:35,586 --> 00:27:35,676
and
4921
00:27:35,676 --> 00:27:35,856
eat
4922
00:27:35,856 --> 00:27:36,006
it
4923
00:27:36,306 --> 00:27:36,666
or
4924
00:27:37,056 --> 00:27:37,386
dig
4925
00:27:37,386 --> 00:27:37,656
holes
4926
00:27:37,656 --> 00:27:37,806
all
4927
00:27:37,806 --> 00:27:38,076
day
?
4928
00:27:39,786 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
4929
00:27:39,786 --> 00:27:40,146
Yeah
.
4930
00:27:40,776 --> 00:27:41,376
Backbreaking
4931
00:27:41,376 --> 00:27:41,646
work
.
4932
00:27:41,916 --> 00:27:42,156
Yeah
.
4933
00:27:44,226 --> 00:27:44,526
So
4934
00:27:44,526 --> 00:27:44,766
next
4935
00:27:44,766 --> 00:27:45,066
time
.
4936
00:27:45,096 --> 00:27:45,396
Yeah
.
4937
00:27:45,396 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
4938
00:27:45,396 --> 00:27:45,666
Next
4939
00:27:45,666 --> 00:27:46,026
time
4940
00:27:47,196 --> 00:27:47,436
we'll
4941
00:27:47,436 --> 00:27:47,586
have
4942
00:27:47,586 --> 00:27:47,676
to
4943
00:27:47,676 --> 00:27:47,886
think
4944
00:27:47,886 --> 00:27:48,096
about
4945
00:27:48,096 --> 00:27:48,306
where
4946
00:27:48,306 --> 00:27:48,426
we
4947
00:27:48,426 --> 00:27:48,636
go
4948
00:27:48,636 --> 00:27:48,816
from
4949
00:27:48,816 --> 00:27:49,236
farming
.
4950
00:27:49,236 --> 00:27:49,326
We
4951
00:27:49,326 --> 00:27:49,506
might
4952
00:27:49,506 --> 00:27:49,746
talk
4953
00:27:49,746 --> 00:27:50,136
about
4954
00:27:50,436 --> 00:27:51,156
adaptations
.
4955
00:27:51,156 --> 00:27:51,276
It's
4956
00:27:51,276 --> 00:27:51,456
done
4957
00:27:51,456 --> 00:27:51,546
to
4958
00:27:51,546 --> 00:27:51,696
our
4959
00:27:51,696 --> 00:27:52,326
bodies
.
4960
00:27:52,326 --> 00:27:52,836
Adaptations
.
4961
00:27:52,836 --> 00:27:52,956
It's
4962
00:27:52,956 --> 00:27:53,076
done
4963
00:27:53,076 --> 00:27:53,166
to
4964
00:27:53,166 --> 00:27:53,256
our
4965
00:27:53,256 --> 00:27:54,096
societies
.
4966
00:27:54,246 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
4967
00:27:54,246 --> 00:27:54,426
I
4968
00:27:54,426 --> 00:27:54,576
would
4969
00:27:54,576 --> 00:27:54,846
love
4970
00:27:54,846 --> 00:27:55,266
to
.
4971
00:27:55,476 --> 00:27:55,626
I
4972
00:27:55,626 --> 00:27:55,746
would
4973
00:27:55,746 --> 00:27:55,926
love
4974
00:27:55,926 --> 00:27:56,046
to
4975
00:27:56,046 --> 00:27:56,316
start
4976
00:27:56,316 --> 00:27:56,616
getting
4977
00:27:56,616 --> 00:27:57,096
to
4978
00:27:57,626 --> 00:27:58,346
how
,
4979
00:27:58,386 --> 00:27:58,536
you
4980
00:27:58,536 --> 00:27:58,776
know
,
4981
00:27:58,776 --> 00:27:59,046
these
4982
00:27:59,046 --> 00:27:59,946
adaptations
4983
00:28:00,636 --> 00:28:01,566
inform
4984
00:28:01,566 --> 00:28:01,776
the
4985
00:28:01,776 --> 00:28:02,436
decisions
4986
00:28:02,436 --> 00:28:02,706
we
4987
00:28:02,706 --> 00:28:02,886
have
4988
00:28:02,886 --> 00:28:02,976
to
4989
00:28:02,976 --> 00:28:03,216
make
4990
00:28:03,216 --> 00:28:04,056
today
4991
00:28:04,056 --> 00:28:04,356
with
4992
00:28:04,356 --> 00:28:04,446
the
4993
00:28:04,446 --> 00:28:04,866
bodies
4994
00:28:04,866 --> 00:28:05,046
we
4995
00:28:05,046 --> 00:28:05,226
have
4996
00:28:05,226 --> 00:28:05,406
right
4997
00:28:05,406 --> 00:28:05,676
now
.
4998
00:28:05,676 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
4999
00:28:05,676 --> 00:28:06,306
Absolutely
.
5000
00:28:06,306 --> 00:28:06,426
We're
5001
00:28:06,426 --> 00:28:06,726
totally
5002
00:28:06,726 --> 00:28:06,906
we're
5003
00:28:06,906 --> 00:28:07,296
absolutely
5004
00:28:07,296 --> 00:28:07,536
getting
5005
00:28:07,536 --> 00:28:07,716
there
.
5006
00:28:07,716 --> 00:28:07,816
Yes
.
5007
00:28:07,836 --> 00:28:07,896
All
5008
00:28:07,896 --> 00:28:08,106
right
.
5009
00:28:08,226 --> 00:00:00,-01
Eric:
5010
00:28:08,226 --> 00:28:08,706
Exc
.
5011
00:28:08,706 --> 00:28:08,826
Well
,
5012
00:28:08,826 --> 00:28:09,036
thank
5013
00:28:09,036 --> 00:28:09,096
you
5014
00:28:09,096 --> 00:28:09,306
very
5015
00:28:09,306 --> 00:28:09,666
much
.
5016
00:28:10,056 --> 00:28:10,236
See
5017
00:28:10,236 --> 00:28:10,296
you
5018
00:28:10,296 --> 00:28:10,506
next
5019
00:28:10,506 --> 00:28:10,776
time
.
5020
00:28:10,926 --> 00:00:00,-01
Dr. Stout:
5021
00:28:10,926 --> 00:28:11,136
Thank
5022
00:28:11,136 --> 00:28:11,316
you
.