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The molecular machinery that translates the messenger RNAs into protein is located in ribosomes. Ribosomes are present within neurons in or near synapses, where they are particularly abundant in postsynaptic sites. Evidence suggests that local protein synthesis is required for the 'strengthening' (…
With the advent of new technological approaches and emerging discoveries has come a growing appreciation for the importance of astrocytes in neuroplasticity. In contrast to the chemical synapses between neurons, astrocytes are directly connected by gap junctions comprised of connexin proteins. In t…
The disease process in Alzheimer's disease involves local inflammatory processes wherein microglia are activated and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. Accumulations of amyloid beta-peptide promote neuroinflammation by causing oxidative stress and damage to neurons and the microglia react to that …
The roundworm C. Elegans has proven to be a valuable organism for advancing understanding of fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging because of its short lifespan, ease of genetic manipulations, and fully documented cellular organization. During the past 10 years or so Scott Leiser's…
Astrocytes are known to play important roles in brain energy metabolism and the regulation of neuronal network activities. A single astrocyte has a highly elaborate and expansive morphology which enables it to interact with many thousands of neurons and synapses. Moreover, astrocytes are connected …
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