Annie Turnbo Malone [inventors/business]

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Welcome to Headstones and Microphones
where we use AI to step into the past through
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a researched, first-person simulation of
history's most interesting people.
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I am your host, Calvin.
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While we've added some creative
storytelling, our goal is to inspire your own study
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of these fascinating lives.
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Now, let's meet our guest.
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For those who may somehow not know who you
are...
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who are you?
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I am Annie Turnbo Malone.
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I am an entrepreneur, an inventor, a
chemist, and a proud philanthropist who
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dedicated her life to the haircare
industry, education, and uplifting my community.
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Wonderful to meet you, Annie.
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Let's start at the very beginning.
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When and where were you born?
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I was born on August 9, 1869, in a town
called Metropolis, Illinois.
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What was your given name at birth?
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At birth, I was named Annie Minerva
Turnbo.
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Is there a story behind your birth name?
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There isn't a specific legendary tale
about my name itself,
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but the family I was born into carried a
deep history.
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My parents, Robert and Isabella Turnbo,
had been enslaved.
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My father actually went on to fight for
freedom by joining the Union Army during the
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Civil War.
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Being born a free child to parents who
fought so hard for liberty-that was the real
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story and foundation of my life.
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What was your hometown like growing up?
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Metropolis sat right on the Ohio River, so
it was a busy little river town.
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It was a modest place, quite rural in many
areas, full of hard-working folks just
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trying to build up their lives after the
war.
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What was your family life like?
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I was the tenth of eleven children, so you
can imagine it was a very busy,
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full house!
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Sadly, tragedy struck us early on.
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Both of my parents passed away when I was
quite young.
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Because of that, I was orphaned and went
to live with my older sister,
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Ada Moody, who took over raising me in
Peoria, Illinois.
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Even though we faced immense loss, we
stayed incredibly close-knit and supported one
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another.
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What kind of kid were you?
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Oh, I was an incredibly curious girl,
though a bit fragile in health.
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I loved public school, but I frequently
grew ill, which kept me away from the
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classroom more than I would have liked.
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But even when my body was resting, my mind
was working.
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I was fascinated by the world around me,
especially how things were made and how
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things worked.
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What were your biggest fears growing up?
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Growing up as an orphan in a world that
was still very harsh and deeply divided,
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my biggest fear was that the people around
me-especially Black women-would never get
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the chance to realize their full
potential, beauty, and independence.
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I feared stagnation and seeing my
community held back by a lack of resources or
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self-confidence.
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What did you dream of becoming as a child?
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From a very early age, I loved fashioning
hair.
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I would practice constantly on my sisters'
hair.
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As I grew a bit older, I developed a deep
love for chemistry.
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I dreamed of marrying those two passions
together.
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I wanted to become what we called a
"beauty doctor" and create things that genuinely
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helped people feel proud of who they were.
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What were some of your favorite activities
in school?
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Hands down, it was science and chemistry!
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I loved learning how different ingredients
interacted with one another.
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Even though my illnesses eventually forced
me to withdraw from Peoria High School
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before I could graduate, that love for
chemistry never left me.
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It became the laboratory for my life's
work.
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What was your first job?
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My first real hands-on work was practicing
hairdressing alongside my sister.
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We worked diligently together, handling
the hair of women in our community,
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which gave me the perfect insight into
what their scalps and hair truly needed.
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Was there a moment where you realized you
were different from everyone else?
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It was when I noticed the terrible damage
being done to women's hair.
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Back then, the common practice was to use
things like goose fat,
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bacon grease, heavy oils, and harsh
chemical straighteners that literally burned the
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scalp and caused hair loss.
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I looked at that and thought, "There must
be a better, healthier way."
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While others accepted it as the norm, I
saw it as a problem that science could
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solve.
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What's a decision that changed everything
for you, but felt small at the time?
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Around the turn of the century, while
living in Brooklyn, Illinois,
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I finally formulated a special chemical
product that helped hair grow and look
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beautiful without causing a single bit of
damage.
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I decided to call it the "Wonderful Hair
Grower."
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I started traveling around in a horse and
buggy, giving free demonstrations and
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making speeches on street corners to show
women how it worked.
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It started out as just me in a buggy, but
that small decision to take my creation
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directly to the people changed the entire
course of my life.
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What was your biggest break?
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My biggest break came in 1902 when I
decided to move my operations to St.
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Louis, Missouri.
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The city had one of the largest African
American populations in the country,
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and the 1904 World's Fair was just around
the corner.
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It was there that my business truly
exploded.
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We went door-to-door, gave free
treatments, and the word-of-mouth advertising spread
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like wildfire.
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What were your biggest struggles before
success?
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In the beginning, it was a lack of capital
and a lack of trust.
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As a young Black woman trying to sell a
homemade product, people were naturally
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skeptical.
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I had to manufacture everything right out
of my own home, adjusting formulas on my
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sisters and friends, and physically carry
my products to the market myself.
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Did you ever consider quitting?
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Never.
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Not even for a moment.
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When you see the confidence return to a
woman's face when she realizes she doesn't
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have to suffer to look beautiful, it gives
you a purpose that far outweighs any
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exhaustion or doubt.
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Were there any specific daily habits or
routines that you feel are essential to your
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success?
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Cleanliness, strict punctuality, and a
polished personal presentation.
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When I later opened Poro College, our
training school, I didn't just teach hair
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care; I taught our agents how to walk, how
to talk, how to dress for business,
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and how to hold their heads high.
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Keeping a meticulous routine of personal
discipline was something I practiced every
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single day.
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What job would you have had if fame never
happened?
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I believe I still would have been a
teacher or a chemist working somewhere quietly
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behind the scenes.
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Helping people learn and unlocking the
secrets of science were simply wired into my
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soul.
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What was your life like before fame?
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It was quiet, modest, and filled with a
lot of hard, physical labor.
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It was a life of stirring pots on a stove,
packaging bottles by hand,
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and traveling long, dusty miles by
carriage hoping someone would buy a single bottle
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of hair grower.
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How did relationships change after
success?
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Success certainly brings complexity.
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As my business grew, I hired many agents,
including a bright young woman named Sarah
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Breedlove-who the world later came to know
as Madam C.J.
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Walker.
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She was a talented agent of mine, but we
eventually had a falling out over business
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directions, and she went on to create her
own line.
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It taught me that business can test
relationships, which is why I eventually
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copyrighted my brand under the name "Poro"
to protect my original work.
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Did fame bring happiness?
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Fame itself didn't bring me joy, but the
wealth allowed me to find true fulfillment
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through giving.
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Being able to share my fortune is what
made me genuinely happy.
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What was the downside of becoming famous?
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The public scrutiny and the legal battles.
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When you achieve a high level of financial
success, especially as a woman,
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people unfortunately try to take a piece
of it.
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My divorce from my second husband in the
late 1920s became a massive,
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highly publicized legal battle over the
Poro empire, which was incredibly taxing.
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What misconceptions did people have about
you?
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Some people thought I was just a
salesperson or a lucky face behind a brand.
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They didn't realize that I was the actual
chemist who formulated the products in the
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first place, and the master strategist who
designed the direct-sales franchise
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model.
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What was your darkest moment?
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The legal disputes over my company,
combined with the onset of the Great Depression,
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were incredibly heavy.
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Having to dismantle parts of the empire I
built in St.
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Louis and relocate my headquarters to
Chicago's South Side in 1930 was a profound
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challenge that tested all of my resolve.
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What past regrets did you carry, that you
spoke about?
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If I carried a regret, it was that I
couldn't completely protect the vast empire I
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built from the hands of government tax
collectors and intense litigation in my later
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years.
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But I comforted myself knowing that the
knowledge and skills I gave to my students
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could never be taken away.
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What's something people misunderstood
about your life?
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People often look at the end of my life
and see that I lost my vast multi-million
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dollar fortune, assuming it was all just
bad business.
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What they misunderstand is just how much
of my wealth I gave away intentionally!
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I poured hundreds of thousands of dollars
into charities, medical schools,
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and orphanages because I cared far more
about building up people than stacking up
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paper.
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Tell me about a time when everything went
wrong and how did you handle it?
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When competitors began copying my formulas
and claiming them as their own,
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it threatened to ruin everything I had
built.
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Instead of panicking, I handled it with
strategy.
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I rebranded everything under the West
African name "Poro"-a word signifying physical
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and spiritual discipline.
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I legally registered it and elevated our
training standards so high that no
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competitor could match the dignity of a
true Poro agent.
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Did fame and fortune change your life?
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It changed my surroundings, certainly!
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I went from a humble buggy to owning
massive, beautiful buildings with rooftop
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gardens, a chapel, and an auditorium.
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But it never changed my heart or my
values.
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I stayed a simple woman dedicated to
service.
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What personal battles were you fighting
privately?
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Managing the stress of a global business
with tens of thousands of agents while
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constantly navigating the systemic racial
and gender barriers of the early twentieth
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century was a heavy, exhausting daily
battle.
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Who had the biggest influence on your
life?
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My older sister, Ada.
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When our parents died, she stepped up to
give me a home, a sense of security,
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and she was the one who introduced me to
the art of hairdressing.
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Without her guiding hand, the spark for
Poro may never have caught fire.
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What was life like in your final years?
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My final years were much quieter and far
more modest.
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I lived in Chicago, removed from the grand
spotlight I once commanded,
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but I was still surrounded by the respect
of the industry I helped pioneer.
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What were you working on in your career
before you passed away?
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Even as my health slowed me down, I
remained dedicated to supporting the National
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Beauty Culturists League and ensuring that
the history of Black cosmetology was
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preserved and respected.
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When and where and how did you pass away
and how old were you?
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I passed away on May 10, 1957, at
Provident Hospital in Chicago,
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Illinois.
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I suffered a stroke and was 87 years old
at the time of my passing.
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What's a random fact about you most people
have never heard?
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I used to give lavish, extraordinary gifts
to my employees just for things like
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perfect attendance, punctuality, or as
rewards to help them invest in buying their
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own real estate!
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I believed an employer should uplift her
workers' lives completely.
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What's the craziest rumor ever told about
you?
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During the height of my success, because a
Black woman accumulating millions of
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dollars was so unheard of, people rumored
that I must have discovered some magical,
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secret occult formula from overseas,
rather than just giving credit to my hard work,
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dedication, and knowledge of chemistry!
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What was your most unique habit?
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I loved traveling to study beauty culture
methods.
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In 1924, I took a massive trip all the way
to Europe just to observe and learn their
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techniques so I could bring that advanced
knowledge back to my students at Poro
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College.
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Did you have any known rivalries?
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My relationship with Madam C.J.
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Walker was viewed by the public as a
massive, fierce rivalry.
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While we were certainly direct competitors
in the market, I always maintained that
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the market was vast, and the ultimate goal
was the elevation of Black women.
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Tell us a story nobody talks about.
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People remember Poro College as a beauty
school, but during the devastating St.
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Louis race riots of 1917, our campus
became a sanctuary.
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We opened our doors to provide shelter,
food, and medical clothing to hundreds of
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displaced people.
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It was a haven of safety when the world
outside was burning.
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What's your funniest behind-the-scenes
moment?
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In the early days, when I was trying to
mix formulas in my kitchen,
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a batch boomed a bit too loudly and scared
my sisters half to death!
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They thought I was going to blow the roof
right off the house with my experiments.
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Did you ever prank someone?
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I wasn't much of a traditional jokester,
but I did love to surprise my nieces and
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nephews by hiding financial gifts and
tuition money in completely mundane household
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items for them to find when they least
expected it.
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What was the most outlandish purchase you
made?
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Buying an entire city block in St.
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00:14:10,397 --> 00:14:14,319
Louis to construct the massive Poro
College complex!
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00:14:14,452 --> 00:14:19,674
It featured a factory, a bakery, a gym,
and a beautiful roof garden.
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People thought a woman buying that much
real estate was completely outlandish,
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but it was exactly what our community
deserved.
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What advice would you give people chasing
success?
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00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:33,640
Do not build an empire just to sit on a
throne.
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00:14:33,733 --> 00:14:38,115
Build an empire so you can construct a
ladder for others to climb up with you.
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00:14:38,243 --> 00:14:41,803
True success is measured by how many
people you bring along.
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Annie, do you have any closing remarks
about the interview or the stories you shared
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that you would like to share with the
listeners before we sign off?
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I just want to remind everyone listening
that your beginnings do not define your
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endings.
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Keep studying, keep serving your
community, and never underestimate the power of a
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good idea mixed with a lot of faith and
discipline.
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00:15:03,984 --> 00:15:09,075
Thank you so much for having me on the
show, Calvin, it has been an absolute joy!
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What an incredible journey from a horse
and buggy to a global empire.
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00:15:14,130 --> 00:15:18,889
Annie Turnbo Malone reminds us all of the
power of innovation,
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resilience, and true generosity.
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00:15:21,593 --> 00:15:25,371
And that wraps up another conversation
from beyond the grave.
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00:15:25,531 --> 00:15:29,367
Thanks for joining us on The Headstones
and Microphones Podcast.
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00:15:29,456 --> 00:15:33,287
Remember-legends may die, but their
stories never do.
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00:15:33,470 --> 00:15:37,210
Please help spread the word by sharing and
following the pod.