# Tong Zhao

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The Nuclear Ballot: Strained Relations

This election isn’t just about votes—it’s about who controls the world’s most powerful weapons. In this season of NukeTalk, we will explore The Nuclear Ballot: How the U.S. Election Shapes Nuclear Policy. We bring you insights from top nuclear weapons experts on how this election can shape nuclear …

What is Driving China’s Changing Nuclear Policy? with Tong Zhao

As China continues to expand and modernize its nuclear arsenal and policy, the national security risk becomes central to the US-Chinese relationship. But how is China actually changing its nuclear policy? How does the Chinese political leadership see the purpose of a large nuclear arsenal? What thr…

WAGD: What is Driving China’s Changing Nuclear Policy? with Tong Zhao

As China continues to expand and modernize its nuclear arsenal and policy, the national security risk becomes central to the US-Chinese relationship. But how is China actually changing its nuclear policy? How does the Chinese political leadership see the purpose of a large nuclear arsenal? What thr…

The Great Buildup

Carnegie Endowment fellow Tong Zhao discusses central and rogue nuclear powers of Asia.

Closer to Midnight: the Return to a Nuclear Arms Race

Visit us at Network2020.org. Humanity stands closer than ever to catastrophe, warn the experts behind the Doomsday Clock. The tracker of human-caused destruction ticked one second closer to midnight last month, the closest it has ever been in its nearly eight-decade history. The shift reflects grow…

Carnegie's Tong Zhao on the Expansion of China's Nuclear Arsenal

This week on Sinica, in a show taped in early June in Washington, Kaiser chats with Tong Zhao (赵通) of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a leading expert on Chinese nuclear doctrine, about why the PRC has, in recent years, significantly increased the size of its nuclear arsenal. Zhao o…

Tong Zhao helps unpack China's new arms control white paper

I was really lucky to have Tong Zhao, a Senior Fellow with the Carnegie Endowment of International Peace, spend his late Friday afternoon with me to walk through the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs new white paper on arms control, disarmament and nonproliferation. Our discussion spanned nuclea…

China's Reaction to U.S. Military Action in Venezuela

On January 3, 2026, the United States launched a military operation in Venezuela that resulted in the capture of President Nicholas Maduro and an escalation in U.S.-Venezuela tensions. This intervention has sparked intense global debate – raising questions about international law, sovereignty, an…

China's Nuclear Ambitions: Security and Innovation

China is now  the fastest-growing producer of nuclear energy in the world, and it is projected to surpass the U.S. in total capacity by 2030. But how and why is Beijing pushing for such fast-paced development of the sector? Guests Tong Zhao (Carnegie Endowment) and Paulína Ovečková (AMO) explore Ch…

Introducing Face-Off: Nuclear Anarchy?

The nuclear age began in secrecy and scientific ambition. The story is familiar, but its implications have never left us. Face-Off: Nuclear Anarchy is an 8-part series tracing the arc of nuclear danger. A bomb created in a moment of wartime urgency became the foundation of a global order defined by…