Two Strangers, One Face: The 1903 Case That Made Fingerprints the Gold Standard

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Where is time, Nazareth, I haven't order for his release? Uh,
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I'm blown and Nazareth, what Yeah, I'm taking down. I'm
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rid of dessert time. Brian, I'm r ed few Brian's
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later and oh boy, everyone's Brian. That is, if crucifixion
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is not one's preferred way of having a good time.
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While Brian the naive and simple man unsurprisingly wasn't the
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Messiah in Monty Python's second feature film, Life of Brian,
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he was, in fact the Brian from Nazareth the Romans
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asked to be released due to this absurd situation. The
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poor man was left hanging crucified to the tune of
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Always Look on the bright Side of Life as the
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credits rolled. While the scene was undoubtedly funny, in reality,
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it's not so amusing if your name is Brian and
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you look like a Brian who, let's say, is a
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criminal wanted for manslaughter, and on top of that, you
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get arrested for being the closest match. Today, a simple
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fingerprint check would do the trick. However, back in the
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day and up until the beginning of the twentieth century,
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fingerprinting hadn't been invented, so if something like this happened
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to a person, that person would be in quite a
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pickle for sure, whether or not they did look on
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the bright side of life. In fact, such a situation
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did happen. Yet it wasn't a Brian, but a man
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by the name of William West, convicted of a minor crime, who,
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in nineteen oh three, upon arrival at the Elevenworth Penitentiary
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in northeast Kansas, was informed that he was already in
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prison serving a life sentence for first degree murder. On
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Darren Marler and this is Weird Darkness. Welcome weirdos. I'm
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Darren Marler, and this is Weird Darkness. Here you'll find
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stories of the paranormal, supernatural, legends, lore, crime, conspiracy, mysterious, macabre,
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unsolved and unexplained coming up in this episode. In November
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sixteen thirty eight, Dorothy Talby killed her three year old daughter.
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She admitted so when first arrested, but then she refused
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to say anything when brought before a judge. But then,
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what would you expect from a woman, which we all
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know is more easily persuaded by satan to sin, and
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women were much more likely to be seduced by witchcraft too.
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At least that's what people believed in the seventeenth century.
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It's understood and mostly agreed to by most that while
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it is a lot of fun to think about, time
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travel is simply not possible and will probably never be possible,
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seeing as we've never met any time travelers or maybe
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we have. Stories of shape shifters seem to be told worldwide,
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and the Celtic nations are no different. We'll look at
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a few shape changing creatures from Ireland, Wales and Scotland.
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But first, how do you convince people you are innocent
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of a crime committed by someone who looks exactly like
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you and even shares your name. It's the strange story
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of William West and William West. We begin with that story. Now,
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bult your doors, lock your windows, turn off your lights,
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and come with me into the weird darkness. When police
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arrested Donald Smith for the two thousand and eight carjacking
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and murder of a preschool teacher in Gwinnett, Georgia, it
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seemed certain they had the right man. Smith matched witness descriptions,
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he seemed to appear on nearby surveillance camera footage, and
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there was DNA evidence apparently proving he was at the
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scene of the crime throughout it all, though Donald Smith
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earnestly claimed that he didn't do it and instead offered
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an unusual defense. He said his identical twin brother, Ronald Smith,
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was to blame. According to police, when investigators followed up
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on Donald's claim, they found a Trump card in his
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favor among a battery of other evidence. Fingerprints at the
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scene of the crime did not belong to Donald but
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to Ronald Smith. Even though identical twins do share the
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exact same DNA, they do not share the same fingerprints.
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After he was presented with the evidence against him, Ronald
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Smith admitted to the crime. Ronald's attorney, Lawrence Lewis, said
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that he has not seen the alleged confession and maintains
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his client's innocence. This is an unusual case. Gwinnett County
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Police Corporal David Shirali told ABC News Number One, I'm
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glad that we were able to find the right brother
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and that we were able to find evidence to exonerate
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the other brother. Our investigators were faced with a tough
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task dealing with identical twins in a justice system that
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often relies heavily on high tech DNA testing. It was fingerprinting,
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a practice more than a century old that succeeded here
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where DNA failed. It's thanks to a very similar case
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from more than one hundred years ago that fingerprinting is
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today just as critical to investigations as the much newer
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DNA evidence. At the turn of the twentieth century, investigators
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had tinkered with fingerprinting, but the technique was not widely used,
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according to the FBI Archives. Rather to identify suspects, investigators
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relied on the much trusted Bertillan system, which measured dozens
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of features of a criminal space and body and recorded
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the series of precise numbers on a large card along
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with a photograph. That system, which had been used by
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investigators following its initial implementation in eighteen eighty two in Paris,
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met its match, so to speak. When convicted criminal Will
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West was marched into Levenworth Federal Prison in Kansas in
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nineteen oh three, the intake process was mined numbingly routine
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for Levenworth's clerks. Will West, newly arrived in May nineteen
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oh three to serve a ten year sentence in the
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Kansas prison for manslaughter, was about to become inmate number
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thirty four twenty six. His name and personal details were
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written down, mugshot photographs were taken. Then staff members produced
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calipers and rulers to add West's body measurements to the
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state of the art Bertillan identification system. They made eleven
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notations on a standardized card, including his height, the length
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of his feet, the size of his right ear, and
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the distance from fingertip to fingertip when he stood with
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outstretched arms. The chief of the prison's identification unit, Matthew mcclofrey,
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was renowned for his ability to remember faces, and he
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was certain this was not the first time he had
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seen this face. You have been here before, he said, no,
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Sir West assured him. The check of the prison's files
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produced a Bertillon card for William West, a man serving
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a life sentence for murder. His measurements were an almost
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perfect match, and the attached mugshots were a dead ringer
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for this new inmate. But according to the card, this
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other William West was inmate number twenty six, twenty six,
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and he was already incarcerated in of all places, Leavenworth.
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Will West was shown the mugshot. He seemed confused, and
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unsure what to say. That may be my photo, right,
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but I don't know how you got it, he insisted,
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I've never been here before. Prison officials suspected West was
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posing as a newcomer, perhaps in hopes of being assigned
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to a different work detail, But why would he use
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his real name, ensuring his ruse would be easily discovered.
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The truth only emerged when William West, the convicted murderer,
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was found where he was supposed to be at his
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post in a prison workshop. There were two will Wests,
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Levenworth's current inmate, was brought to the prison's offices to
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confront his namesake. They could easily pass off for twins,
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The Levenworth Times reported a few years after the encounter,
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each thought he was looking into a mirror. The men
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had never met before, but they were both from Texas
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and had been born months apart, and each one had
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been convicted of crimes committed in what would soon become
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the state of Oklahoma. Mcclawfrey concluded the men must be
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related and were likely cousins, but he realized the discovery
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of the almost identical will West's was more than an
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extraordinary coincidence. It could be a death blow to the
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Bertillon system, a system his father, Levenworth Warden Robert mclaffrey
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had introduced to America from Europe and had championed for years.
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If William West had escaped and in searching for him,
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Willie West would have been arrested, Matthew mclaffrey told the
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Elevenworth Times in nineteen oh seven, nothing in the world
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but the turning up of William West would have prevented
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the other from serving out the latter's term in prison.
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But something in the world could sort out who was
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who their fingerprints. The identification system that bore Alphonse Bertillon's
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name was a scientific solution to a problem that had
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long been deviled detectives and judges. Without a reliable means
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to identify convicted criminals, many recidivists were being punished as
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first time offenders and receiving lighter sentences. Photographs have been
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used as an identification tool since the mid nineteenth century,
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and major police forces and prisons maintained rogues galleries of offenders,
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but facial features change as an offender ages and a
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mustache or beard might be enough to alter a man's
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appearance and make identification difficult. Bertillan, a clerk at the
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headquarters of the Paris Police, was familiar with anthropometry, the
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study of the proportions of the human body, and in
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eighteen seventy nine he suggested measuring a criminal's body parts
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to identify repeat offenders. While two men might be found
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to have the same sized foot, for instance, the chances
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of multiple measurements being identical were remote, and the odds
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of finding two subjects with an identical set of measurements
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was estimated at one in more than four million. The
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idea that science could be used to fight crime was
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still novel for the time. Years passed before Bertillan was
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allowed to test his system, but he identified enough recidivists
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to prove it worked. Police forces and penal institutions across
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Europe soon adopted bertillinage. To make a misidentification even more unlikely,
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the subject's face was photographed, an eye color and any
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tattoos or scars were also recorded. Robert mclaffrey Warden of
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the Illinois State Prison and Joliet, introduced bertilinage to the
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US in eighteen eighty seven. It substitutes certainty for uncertainty,
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he claimed, a thoroughly reliable identification for the shrewd guess
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of the detective or the scarcely more reliable testimony of
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the photograph. Within a decade, one hundred and fifty American
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police forces and prisons were using the system, possessing a
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set of Bertillan's tools, noted the criminologist Raymond B. Faustik,
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became the distinguishing mark of the modern police organization. But
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bertilinage had its drawbacks. Trained technicians were needed to ensure
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measurements were accurate. Tools became worn or bent as they
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were used, producing results that could match an innocent man
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to a criminal of similar size and built, and Bertillan
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records could only be used to identify a repeat offender.
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It could not link an unknown offender to the scene
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of a crime. No man can be pursued by the
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police or by any detective, the cloffrey conceded by means
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of this system. Another method of identifying criminals was on
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the horizon. Early in the nineteenth century, a Czech scientist
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remarked on the marvelous groupings and curvings of the minute
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furrows associated with the organ of touch, which proved to
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be unique to each individual. Their crime fighting potential was
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finally recognized in eighteen eighty when a Scottish doctor, Henry
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Falls called on police to collect the forever unchangeable finger
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furrows of important criminals for comparison to prince found at
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crime scenes. Falls urged major police forces to adopt practice,
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but his breakthrough was ignored for years. Almost two decades
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passed before Scotland Yard began collecting and indexing fingerprints in
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nineteen o one, and another four years before they were
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used for the first time in a British murder case.
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The New York Police would become the first in the
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US to use fingerprint evidence to solve a murder case,
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but not until nineteen oh six. Fingerprinting was earning converts
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as an alternative to Bertillan measurements, but it was still
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a novel forensic tool when Matthew mclaffrey came face to
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face with will and William West. Mclaffrey had studied anthropometry
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in Paris under Alphonse Bertillan, and by nineteen oh three
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he was regarded as the greatest expert in the Bertillan
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system outside of France, but finding two men with almost
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identical body measurements appears to have shaken his faith in
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the system. There were minor differences between the wests. One
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was a half inch shorter and had a slightly smaller
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left foot, but one newspaper report asserted that any prison
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clerk with Bertillan training would have sworn they were one
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and the same. While the odds of two people sharing
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the same Bertillon measurements might be four million to one,
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it now appeared this might not be enough to prevent
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an innocent man from being misidentified as a criminal. In
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nineteen oh five, mcclafrey convinced his superiors to add fingerprinting
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to Leavenworth identification procedures. While the Bertillon system is accurate,
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he said, I believe that the fingerprint system, which is
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not less accurate, will supersede it. The fingerprint can be
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taken without an expensive apparatus and by any person of
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ordinary skill. By then, even Bertillan had been worn over,
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and his system's cards were revised to include a space
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for a subject's prints. When the Wests were fingerprinted, the
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distinctive loops and whirls of their fingertips finally made it
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possible to distinguish between the doppelgangers. The discovery of the
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look alike Wests has been recounted in books on criminal
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identification and fingerprinting since nineteen eighteen, and is cited in
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the official Hits History of the FBI. But is it
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a tale too good to be true? Fingerprinting expert Robert
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Olson dismissed the story as a fable in the nineteen
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eighties after he was unable to find contemporary reports of
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the lookalikes. In his two thousand and one book Suspect Identities,
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criminologist Simon Cole argued the episode was fabricated or at
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least embellished after the fact, to boaster the reputation of fingerprinting.
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He cited several discrepancies, including evidence the will West, convicted
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of manslaughter, was lying when he said that he'd never
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been locked up in Levenworth. The clerks did not realize
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he had served time there prior to nineteen oh three
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under the name Johnson Williams. But neither Cole nor Olson
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00:15:46.000 --> 00:15:48.679
appeared to have been aware that The Leavenworth Times had
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reported on the incident only a few years after it occurred,
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00:15:52.200 --> 00:15:54.960
in a pair of articles published in April nineteen oh seven,
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and its significance was obvious from the outset. One of
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00:15:58.519 --> 00:16:02.120
the articles declared it the greatest victory the fingerprint system
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00:16:02.159 --> 00:16:06.440
of identification has yet scored over the Bertillon system. These
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reports also quote Matthew mcclaffrey, bolstering their credibility. Regardless of
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how crucial the incident was to the adoption of fingerprinting.
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The men's prison records, including their mirror image, mug shots
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00:16:19.879 --> 00:16:24.919
matching Bertillan measurements and mismatched fingerprints, survive to authenticate an
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00:16:24.960 --> 00:16:30.000
amazing coincidence. Will West, the newer of the two Levenworth inmates,
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00:16:30.360 --> 00:16:34.039
served as manslaughter sentence and left no trail after his release.
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00:16:34.759 --> 00:16:38.720
William West, the Lifer, spent time in solitary confinement for
250
00:16:38.919 --> 00:16:42.360
fighting and creating disturbances during his early years behind bars.
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00:16:43.120 --> 00:16:46.080
He was released on parole in nineteen nineteen, but not
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00:16:46.279 --> 00:16:50.679
before making a dash for freedom. By nineteen sixteen, West
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00:16:50.840 --> 00:16:54.759
was a model prisoner and a trustee, an inmate entrusted
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00:16:54.840 --> 00:16:59.399
to guard and discipline other prisoners on work details. One afternoon,
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00:16:59.440 --> 00:17:02.279
he hummed to the temptation, as he put it, and
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00:17:02.679 --> 00:17:05.440
walked away. He hopped a freight train and made it
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00:17:05.519 --> 00:17:07.440
as far as to Peka before he was arrested the
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next day and returned to Leavenworth. The police officers who
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00:17:11.400 --> 00:17:13.799
picked him up did not need fingerprints to confirm he
260
00:17:13.960 --> 00:17:17.440
was an escapee, a prison issued circular bearing his mug
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00:17:17.519 --> 00:17:22.119
shots and a written description that already reached to Peka. Ironically,
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00:17:22.480 --> 00:17:24.640
they were enough to nab a man who had helped
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00:17:24.759 --> 00:17:34.799
to modernize the identification of criminals. Coming up in November
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00:17:35.039 --> 00:17:38.759
sixteen thirty eight, Dorothy Talby killed her three year old daughter.
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She admitted so when first arrested, but then she refused
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to say anything when brought before a judge. But then,
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what would you expect from a woman, right? I mean,
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00:17:49.279 --> 00:17:52.799
we all know they're more easily persuaded by satan to sin,
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00:17:53.319 --> 00:17:57.319
and women are much more likely to be seduced by witchcraft. Right, Well,
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00:17:57.319 --> 00:18:00.599
at least that's what people believed in the seventeenh century.
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That story and more when weird darkness returns? What would
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00:18:20.880 --> 00:18:25.000
cause a mother to kill her child? Though cases of
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00:18:25.119 --> 00:18:28.759
mothers committing philicide are likely as old as history itself,
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00:18:29.079 --> 00:18:32.880
the kind of punishment these women receive afterward has varied
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00:18:33.079 --> 00:18:37.200
across time and in different societies around the world. Even today,
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00:18:37.440 --> 00:18:40.759
public reaction over stories such as that of Susan Smith
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00:18:40.880 --> 00:18:45.319
and Andrea Yates, has ranged from shock and disbelief to
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00:18:45.440 --> 00:18:50.200
calls for their execution. While postpartum psychosis and mood disorder
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00:18:50.279 --> 00:18:54.759
are being increasingly recognized in these cases, treating philicidal mothers
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as mental patients rather than as murderers is still a
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00:18:58.680 --> 00:19:02.759
relatively recent phenomenon, which brings us to the case of
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00:19:03.039 --> 00:19:07.480
Dorothy Talby. Life tended to be hard for women living
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00:19:07.519 --> 00:19:11.599
in seventeenth century Massachusetts. Along with the widespread belief in
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00:19:11.680 --> 00:19:15.680
witchcraft and demonic possession shared by the deeply religious residents
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00:19:15.960 --> 00:19:19.960
of cities such as Salem and Boston, laws provided little
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00:19:20.000 --> 00:19:24.200
protection for wives dealing with overly brutal or dominating husbands.
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00:19:24.880 --> 00:19:27.799
Women who dared to criticize their husbands or resist their
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00:19:27.839 --> 00:19:31.240
authority in any way risked being placed in stocks or
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00:19:31.279 --> 00:19:36.839
even publicly whipped as common scolds or shrews. Part of
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00:19:36.880 --> 00:19:40.359
the problem was the widespread belief that women were especially
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00:19:40.519 --> 00:19:45.160
vulnerable to being led astray by Satan, something clergymen frequently
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00:19:45.240 --> 00:19:48.920
declared in their regular sermons. Even many of the religious
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00:19:48.960 --> 00:19:51.920
books published in that era spoke about how women were
294
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responsible for original sin gee Thanks Eve William Perkins's fifteen
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00:19:57.960 --> 00:20:00.559
ninety six book, A Discourse on the Day Damned Art
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00:20:00.640 --> 00:20:05.240
of Witchcraft, was downright lyrical in condemning women in all ages.
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00:20:05.319 --> 00:20:08.039
It is found that the devil hath more easily and
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oftener prevailed with women than with men. He wrote, the
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00:20:11.839 --> 00:20:17.119
more women, the more witches. Relatively little is known about
300
00:20:17.160 --> 00:20:20.680
Dorothy Talby's early life, though she was later described as
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00:20:20.799 --> 00:20:24.880
being of good esteem for Godliness. Along with her husband,
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00:20:25.039 --> 00:20:28.240
she was a regular church goer and lived an unremarkable life.
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00:20:29.000 --> 00:20:32.160
But everything changed in sixteen thirty six when her daughter,
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whom they named Difficulty, was born. Perhaps that was the
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00:20:36.720 --> 00:20:39.839
issue right from the beginning. For reasons that remained lost
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00:20:39.880 --> 00:20:44.559
to history, Dorothy Talby suddenly began experiencing emotional problems, which
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00:20:44.599 --> 00:20:48.400
made her increasingly moody and aggressive. According to the diary
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00:20:48.480 --> 00:20:52.720
of Massachusetts Governor John Winthrop, Dorothy's bizarre behavior put her
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00:20:52.759 --> 00:20:55.880
at odds with her husband and her church. She was
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described as falling at differences with her husband through melancholy
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or spiritual delusions. She sometimes attempted to kill him and
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00:21:03.839 --> 00:21:07.000
her children and herself by refusing meet saying it was
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revealed to her et cetera since she failed to improve
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despite efforts by her church leaders, she was formally cast
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00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:18.319
out of the church. If anything, though, learning that she
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00:21:18.400 --> 00:21:23.039
had been excommunicated made her even more uncontrollable. After several
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00:21:23.079 --> 00:21:26.359
more incidents involving her husband and children, Dorothy was then
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00:21:26.519 --> 00:21:29.799
charged to appear before the magistrate in sixteen thirty seven
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00:21:30.160 --> 00:21:33.759
after being accused of assaulting her husband. She was initially
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00:21:33.839 --> 00:21:36.799
sentenced to be bound and chained to a post, and
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00:21:37.079 --> 00:21:40.039
later that same year was sentenced to be whipped over
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00:21:40.200 --> 00:21:43.680
new offenses directed at her from her husband. The flogging
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appeared to do the trick, and Dorothy began obeying her
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husband again, at least for a while. In November sixteen
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00:21:51.279 --> 00:21:54.599
thirty eight, Dorothy Talby killed their three year old daughter,
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Difficulty by breaking her neck. Though she freely admitted committing
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00:21:59.319 --> 00:22:02.519
the horrific crime when first arrested, she refused to say
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anything at her arraignment, hearing colonial law being the way
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it was at the time, The governor eventually grew tired
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of her refusal to speak and threatened to have her
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pressed to death unless she confessed. Realizing she had no alternative,
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Dorothy admitted to the murder and stated that she killed
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her daughter to quote free it from future misery unquote.
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Throughout her trial, she said nothing more in her defense
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and mostly refused to cooperate with the court for any reason.
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At the time of the trial, there was no such
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thing as an insanity defense, though it would be adopted
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under Massachusetts law not long afterward. Though people with severe
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mental illness were typically locked up in asylums to prevent
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them from harming themselves or anyone else. Governor Winthrop seemed
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00:22:48.839 --> 00:22:52.200
disinclined to show any kind of mercy for Dorothy Talby.
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As he later wrote about her in his journal, she
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committed the murder not due to insanity, but because she
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was so possessed with Satan that he persuaded her by
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00:23:02.200 --> 00:23:05.240
his delusions, which she listened to as revelations from God,
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to break the neck of her own child. In the
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eyes of the governor and the court, the death sentence
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was the only acceptable option in Dorothy's case. By all accounts,
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she showed little real emotion on being told she would
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be hanged for her crime, and said nothing to suggest
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00:23:21.960 --> 00:23:24.480
that she was sorry for what she had done. She
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00:23:24.640 --> 00:23:28.359
did ask to be beheaded instead of hanged, arguing that
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it would be less painful or shameful, but her request
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was denied. On the day of her execution, Dorothy Talby
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had to be dragged to the gallows, where she refused
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to stand. Her pastor and several other clergymen went with her,
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hoping to provide some sort of comfort at the end,
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but she refused any last minute rites. She even refused
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to wear the black hood that was standard for condemned prisoners. Instead,
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she took off the hood and used it to make
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00:23:55.440 --> 00:23:59.000
the noose more comfortable for her. The actual hanging was
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00:23:59.079 --> 00:24:01.839
a horrible sight, since this was long before the use
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00:24:01.920 --> 00:24:05.160
of the marwood drop, in which the gallows simply broke
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00:24:05.240 --> 00:24:09.440
the condemned person's neck. Dorothy Talby was fully conscious as
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00:24:09.519 --> 00:24:13.240
she slowly strangled to death. She even tried to grab
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00:24:13.359 --> 00:24:16.480
the gallows ladder as she was swinging. She was then
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00:24:16.799 --> 00:24:21.839
declared dead. So why was Dorothy Talby punished so severely?
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00:24:22.720 --> 00:24:26.160
While infanticide is a horrible crime, the courts have always
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00:24:26.240 --> 00:24:29.599
had a fair bit of latitude in sentencing. When Mercy
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00:24:29.720 --> 00:24:33.559
Brown of Wallingford, Massachusetts killed her son in sixteen ninety one,
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00:24:33.920 --> 00:24:36.319
she also went on trial for her life, but she
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00:24:36.480 --> 00:24:40.079
was treated much more humanely than Dorothy was. Not only
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was her sentencing delayed because of her distracted state, but
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00:24:44.000 --> 00:24:47.200
she eventually received a prison sentence since she was regarded
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as mentally unfit. In Mercy Brown's case, however, she was
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00:24:51.039 --> 00:24:54.519
openly remorseful, and she also cooperated fully with the court,
377
00:24:55.079 --> 00:24:59.519
something Dorothy Talby refused to do. Instead of recognizing that
378
00:24:59.599 --> 00:25:02.400
her crime was due to mental illness, the courts saw
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00:25:02.480 --> 00:25:06.720
her execution as an opportunity to educate other women about
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00:25:06.720 --> 00:25:11.119
the consequences of acting improperly, i e. Failing to be
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00:25:11.279 --> 00:25:16.079
submissive and obedient as a good wife should. Dorothy Talby's
382
00:25:16.079 --> 00:25:19.839
fate was sealed by her long history of unwomanly behavior
383
00:25:20.200 --> 00:25:23.119
and her refusal to abide by the teachings of her church.
384
00:25:24.359 --> 00:25:26.680
Much as in the Salem witch Trials, which would take
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00:25:26.720 --> 00:25:30.559
place just years later, women of that era were expected
386
00:25:30.839 --> 00:25:42.599
to know their place. Much has been said about time travel,
387
00:25:43.119 --> 00:25:46.759
but still few believe that it is actually possible. After all,
388
00:25:46.839 --> 00:25:50.480
at first glance, there's no evidence that people or objects
389
00:25:50.559 --> 00:25:53.559
can instantly move from one point in time to another,
390
00:25:54.279 --> 00:25:58.880
but this is only at first glance. In nineteen twelve,
391
00:25:59.119 --> 00:26:02.519
the mayor of the norm regient city of aunt Johann Nygard,
392
00:26:02.880 --> 00:26:06.559
sealed with sealing wax a certain package, telling him to
393
00:26:06.680 --> 00:26:09.880
open it after one hundred years. For eighty years the
394
00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:12.359
envelope was kept at the post office in Oslow, and
395
00:26:12.480 --> 00:26:16.240
another twenty years it was on display at the Grubnsdaal Museum.
396
00:26:16.880 --> 00:26:19.559
When it was finally opened, everyone was in for a
397
00:26:19.799 --> 00:26:24.079
huge surprise. It was opened in a festive and crowded atmosphere,
398
00:26:24.160 --> 00:26:28.039
and TV journalists with cameras were also present. At first. However,
399
00:26:28.160 --> 00:26:32.039
the contents were disappointing. Inside were some old city office
400
00:26:32.079 --> 00:26:35.920
documents of no value and a Norwegian flag. Among the
401
00:26:36.000 --> 00:26:39.799
papers were two newspapers from nineteen fourteen. It seems that
402
00:26:39.880 --> 00:26:43.160
the mayor had after all opened the envelope two years
403
00:26:43.240 --> 00:26:47.359
later in order to put them there. But why Meanwhile,
404
00:26:47.480 --> 00:26:51.279
experts have determined that the envelope has never been opened
405
00:26:51.400 --> 00:26:55.039
since nineteen twelve and that Niguard never had access to
406
00:26:55.079 --> 00:26:58.839
the Oslo post office. So where did those newspapers from
407
00:26:58.920 --> 00:27:02.519
two years later come from? We have to assume that
408
00:27:02.759 --> 00:27:06.039
either Niguard had been to the future in nineteen fourteen
409
00:27:06.200 --> 00:27:09.160
and brought the newspapers back with him, or that they
410
00:27:09.200 --> 00:27:12.799
had somehow fallen into his hands. He decided not to
411
00:27:12.920 --> 00:27:15.640
tell about this to any of his contemporaries, but in
412
00:27:15.720 --> 00:27:19.119
such an extraordinary way to tell about the anomalous fact
413
00:27:19.359 --> 00:27:24.319
to distant descendants. Such a case is not unique. The
414
00:27:24.440 --> 00:27:28.559
Harasfeld family in Louisville, Kentucky, USA keeps a greeting card
415
00:27:28.720 --> 00:27:30.960
received in the mid nineteen fifties with a view of
416
00:27:31.000 --> 00:27:34.559
the German city of Frankfurt. Rita Harsfeld received it once
417
00:27:34.640 --> 00:27:37.839
from her grandfather, who died in nineteen fifty nine. But
418
00:27:37.960 --> 00:27:41.359
the thing is the postcard itself was issued in nineteen
419
00:27:41.519 --> 00:27:44.200
eighty three and has buildings on it that were not
420
00:27:44.400 --> 00:27:48.160
yet built in the nineteen fifties. Again, she received it
421
00:27:48.480 --> 00:27:52.720
in the nineteen fifties. A certain resident of Charzau tells
422
00:27:52.720 --> 00:27:55.400
an even more amazing story. When he was a kid,
423
00:27:55.519 --> 00:27:58.160
for some reason, he wasn't accepted as a pioneer for
424
00:27:58.240 --> 00:28:00.960
a long time. The boy really wanted to read the
425
00:28:01.079 --> 00:28:05.160
Pioneer Truth newspaper, but only members of the children's organization
426
00:28:05.279 --> 00:28:08.480
were allowed to subscribe to it. One summer night, our
427
00:28:08.559 --> 00:28:11.480
hero went to sleep in the yard. He couldn't sleep,
428
00:28:11.559 --> 00:28:14.319
and the schoolboy began to pray to God in whom
429
00:28:14.359 --> 00:28:17.599
his grandmother had taught him to believe God helped me
430
00:28:17.680 --> 00:28:22.400
become a pioneer and read Pioneer Truth. Suddenly there was
431
00:28:22.440 --> 00:28:25.319
a whirlwind of dust, and then the boy saw the
432
00:28:25.359 --> 00:28:28.480
newspaper swirling in the air. He grabbed it, and the
433
00:28:28.519 --> 00:28:31.720
wind immediately died down. It turned out to be the
434
00:28:31.799 --> 00:28:35.039
Pioneer Truth. The next morning he began to read it
435
00:28:35.119 --> 00:28:38.480
and to his astonishment, discovered that it was dated the
436
00:28:38.599 --> 00:28:42.880
next year. Still not understanding where the Pioneer Truth had
437
00:28:42.920 --> 00:28:45.480
come from, he decided that it was the newspaper of
438
00:28:45.599 --> 00:28:49.160
the girl next door, but the neighbors denied everything. The
439
00:28:49.240 --> 00:28:52.400
next year, the boy was accepted as a pioneer and
440
00:28:52.599 --> 00:28:56.839
he subscribed to Pioneer Truth. And one day he got
441
00:28:56.960 --> 00:28:59.880
exactly the same newspaper as the one that the wind
442
00:29:00.079 --> 00:29:03.759
had brought him a year previous, so that newspaper really
443
00:29:03.960 --> 00:29:08.799
came to him from the future. Recently, it's possible to
444
00:29:08.839 --> 00:29:12.680
meet the information about various paranormal phenomena connected with mobile
445
00:29:12.759 --> 00:29:17.039
communication and the Internet, so they tell about strange CMC.
446
00:29:17.880 --> 00:29:21.519
Someone receives messages from the year twenty twenty three, someone
447
00:29:21.599 --> 00:29:24.400
from the year twenty eighty. What they all have in
448
00:29:24.519 --> 00:29:27.559
common is that they are written in an unknown language
449
00:29:27.640 --> 00:29:32.319
that cannot be deciphered by computer. Means anatotally grishin as
450
00:29:32.359 --> 00:29:36.200
a student, an ordinary citizen of jell Yabinsk. That is,
451
00:29:36.359 --> 00:29:40.559
he thought he was until he started receiving mysterious SMS messages.
452
00:29:41.200 --> 00:29:42.920
The first of them came on the birthday of the
453
00:29:43.000 --> 00:29:46.200
young man. The number was unfamiliar to him and the
454
00:29:46.319 --> 00:29:50.880
text consisted of hieroglyphics. Ana totally paid attention to the date,
455
00:29:50.960 --> 00:29:55.440
though January first, two thy forty. He thought somebody had
456
00:29:55.480 --> 00:29:57.440
just decided to play a joke on him by giving
457
00:29:57.519 --> 00:30:01.160
him the wrong date and coding. Soon, similar messages began
458
00:30:01.240 --> 00:30:04.279
to arrive every few days, and all of them had
459
00:30:04.359 --> 00:30:07.720
the year two thousand and forty on them. That got
460
00:30:07.759 --> 00:30:11.039
the guy thinking. He saved all the messages just in
461
00:30:11.200 --> 00:30:14.240
case and tried to decipher them on his computer, but
462
00:30:14.359 --> 00:30:18.720
only recognized some of the characters. Calling his mobile operator
463
00:30:19.000 --> 00:30:22.279
Tolia found out that the mysterious CMC did not match
464
00:30:22.359 --> 00:30:25.160
the database, so it turned out that he did not
465
00:30:25.359 --> 00:30:28.680
receive those texts at all. He was offered to change
466
00:30:28.720 --> 00:30:31.799
the number. After that, nothing came for about a month,
467
00:30:32.079 --> 00:30:35.240
and then he received the text message again. This time
468
00:30:35.319 --> 00:30:38.240
not only in hieroglyphics, but also in numbers, and the
469
00:30:38.359 --> 00:30:42.720
text was dated twenty forty two. Trying to find out
470
00:30:42.759 --> 00:30:46.119
the telephone number from which the messages came, Grisha found
471
00:30:46.119 --> 00:30:49.160
out that it was not assigned to any operator. It
472
00:30:49.279 --> 00:30:53.720
was as if the mysterious number did not exist in nature. Soon,
473
00:30:53.960 --> 00:30:57.920
the student noticed that after receiving each message, some unpleasant
474
00:30:57.960 --> 00:31:00.920
thing would happen to it. For example, after receiving one
475
00:31:00.960 --> 00:31:04.759
of them, he had an accident. Alarmed, Anatotally consulted a psychic.
476
00:31:05.240 --> 00:31:08.200
The lady said that there was nothing paranormal in the messages.
477
00:31:08.240 --> 00:31:10.759
He perceived they were written by a man and had
478
00:31:10.799 --> 00:31:14.559
nothing to do with other worldly beings. Most likely they
479
00:31:14.720 --> 00:31:17.960
come from the future, and the author is one of
480
00:31:18.039 --> 00:31:23.920
Grisha's friends or relatives, or maybe even himself. The psychic
481
00:31:24.000 --> 00:31:27.759
suggested the following hypothesis. The person who writes the messages
482
00:31:27.960 --> 00:31:31.200
somehow found out about Anatoly's future and is now trying
483
00:31:31.240 --> 00:31:34.160
to warn him about the coming troubles and troubles, but
484
00:31:34.279 --> 00:31:36.880
for some reason he cannot do it directly or does
485
00:31:36.960 --> 00:31:40.640
not have the technical conditions. Messages reached the addresseee only
486
00:31:40.799 --> 00:31:44.920
in coded form. A few years ago, computer people noticed
487
00:31:44.920 --> 00:31:47.880
an ominous black banner that appeared from time to time
488
00:31:48.039 --> 00:31:51.240
on one web page and then another. Clicking on it
489
00:31:51.400 --> 00:31:54.240
led nowhere, and after a while the banner disappeared on
490
00:31:54.279 --> 00:31:57.559
its own. At first, programmers feared that a new virus
491
00:31:57.720 --> 00:32:01.640
was masquerading as a black banner, but then unexplainable things
492
00:32:01.720 --> 00:32:06.000
began to happen on the servers where this glitch was noticed. Thus,
493
00:32:06.359 --> 00:32:10.200
physicist Michael Dodgson from NASA reported, when we analyzed the
494
00:32:10.319 --> 00:32:12.960
DNS servers, we found one hundred and two links leading
495
00:32:13.079 --> 00:32:16.720
to non existent resources, or to put it simply, to nowhere,
496
00:32:17.119 --> 00:32:19.519
and all of these links have dates between two thousand
497
00:32:19.519 --> 00:32:22.839
and thirty and two thouy seventy. At the end of
498
00:32:22.880 --> 00:32:26.039
two thousand, a person claiming to be John Teetor began
499
00:32:26.160 --> 00:32:29.559
posting on the net predictions for the near future. John
500
00:32:29.640 --> 00:32:32.839
claimed to have appeared from the year two thousand thirty six.
501
00:32:33.839 --> 00:32:37.920
Tetor left messages on various sites and forums. Sometimes he
502
00:32:38.000 --> 00:32:42.400
took the pseudonym time Travel Underscore Zero. The prophecies made
503
00:32:42.519 --> 00:32:46.400
by this mysterious person looked pretty grim. The band said
504
00:32:46.400 --> 00:32:48.920
that a civil war would break out in the United States,
505
00:32:49.200 --> 00:32:53.200
splitting the country into five regions with Omaha as the capital.
506
00:32:53.759 --> 00:32:56.559
In twenty fifteen, we were supposed to face a World
507
00:32:56.640 --> 00:33:00.240
War three, which would kill three billion people. D thing
508
00:33:00.359 --> 00:33:03.279
that didn't come to fruition. In two thy thirty six,
509
00:33:03.319 --> 00:33:06.759
a global virus is supposed to destroy the entire computer network,
510
00:33:06.839 --> 00:33:08.880
which will be a disaster for the rest of the world.
511
00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:12.519
John Tetoor tells his readers that his mission is to
512
00:33:12.599 --> 00:33:15.119
go back to nineteen seventy five and to get hold
513
00:33:15.160 --> 00:33:18.400
of the IBM fifty one hundred computer, which must contain
514
00:33:18.440 --> 00:33:22.200
the programs to fight the future virus. How then, did
515
00:33:22.279 --> 00:33:26.000
Tetor get to the year two thousand? He really wanted
516
00:33:26.039 --> 00:33:28.519
to meet himself at the age of three, He explained,
517
00:33:28.880 --> 00:33:31.720
that was how old he was that year. Whether that
518
00:33:31.920 --> 00:33:35.039
venture succeeded is unknown. As you know, the theory of
519
00:33:35.119 --> 00:33:38.079
time travel denies the possibility of meeting your loved one
520
00:33:38.160 --> 00:33:42.559
from the past, the whole Grandfather paradox. Many, of course,
521
00:33:42.839 --> 00:33:46.279
reacted to Titor's posts with skepticism, but there were those
522
00:33:46.319 --> 00:33:49.640
who were interested in the information. For four months, Teeter
523
00:33:49.759 --> 00:33:52.880
answered in great detail all the questions that curious people
524
00:33:52.960 --> 00:33:55.880
asked him, and he described the events of the future
525
00:33:55.960 --> 00:34:00.440
in a poetic style, much like Nostrodamus. Among other things,
526
00:34:00.640 --> 00:34:03.799
the mysterious stranger wrote that there were many realities, and
527
00:34:03.920 --> 00:34:07.240
his own reality might not be related to ours. That is,
528
00:34:07.359 --> 00:34:10.199
the future in which he lives may have nothing to
529
00:34:10.320 --> 00:34:14.440
do with our past, present, or future. However, he urged
530
00:34:14.480 --> 00:34:17.440
us to prepare for a negative turn of events, in
531
00:34:17.559 --> 00:34:21.039
particular to learn first aid and not to eat beef,
532
00:34:21.440 --> 00:34:24.639
because in his reality such a disease as mad cow disease,
533
00:34:24.679 --> 00:34:28.920
has become a serious threat to mankind. Tetor also talked
534
00:34:28.920 --> 00:34:32.480
about some technical aspects of time travel, and even posted
535
00:34:32.559 --> 00:34:35.719
pictures on the web of the device he supposedly used
536
00:34:35.800 --> 00:34:39.039
to travel to the past, although the pictures were not
537
00:34:39.320 --> 00:34:44.000
of very high quality. Tetor last went online March twenty fourth,
538
00:34:44.159 --> 00:34:46.480
two thousand and one to offer his end to the
539
00:34:46.519 --> 00:34:50.039
world advice to his fans. He said, take a gas
540
00:34:50.119 --> 00:34:51.960
can with you when you leave your car by the
541
00:34:52.039 --> 00:34:55.480
side of the road. After that, Teetor closed all his
542
00:34:55.559 --> 00:34:58.679
accounts and no one has ever heard from him again.
543
00:35:04.320 --> 00:35:07.079
Jeremiah is one of our weirdo family members, and he
544
00:35:07.199 --> 00:35:09.960
sat in a true story that happened to him called
545
00:35:10.239 --> 00:35:14.039
Cold Hands Here's what he wrote. This is my first
546
00:35:14.119 --> 00:35:16.719
time taking part in something like this. I started listening
547
00:35:16.719 --> 00:35:18.639
about a week ago, and I'm pretty addicted to it,
548
00:35:18.760 --> 00:35:21.960
so I decided to share my own. This had happened
549
00:35:21.960 --> 00:35:24.480
when I was about six or seven. I can't recall
550
00:35:24.599 --> 00:35:27.960
correctly though back then I had lived in Pakistan. Since
551
00:35:28.039 --> 00:35:30.559
my family was Christian, we moved here to the Philippines.
552
00:35:31.239 --> 00:35:33.440
I'm sixteen now, but I still remember a lot that
553
00:35:33.599 --> 00:35:36.119
happened back then. A lot of it comes from the
554
00:35:36.199 --> 00:35:38.159
house we lived in. It was given to us by
555
00:35:38.239 --> 00:35:40.519
the church we went to, since our family took part
556
00:35:40.559 --> 00:35:43.840
in almost everything. The house was close to a mansion.
557
00:35:44.119 --> 00:35:46.480
It was a giant, one story house, and it had
558
00:35:46.480 --> 00:35:50.039
had a massive garden surrounding it, a couple of large trees,
559
00:35:50.119 --> 00:35:53.960
beautiful flowers. Would even plant vegetables and fruits in the backyard,
560
00:35:54.280 --> 00:35:57.960
and I guess it was a picture perfect life to live. Now,
561
00:35:58.039 --> 00:36:00.880
here's the thing that really freaked my mom out. The
562
00:36:00.960 --> 00:36:03.239
house had an old jujube tree. It was like the
563
00:36:03.320 --> 00:36:06.440
ones you'd see in horror movies, filled with those giant
564
00:36:06.599 --> 00:36:09.480
roots covering it. And what was weird was the fact
565
00:36:09.519 --> 00:36:12.360
that I used to call the tree my friend, and
566
00:36:12.559 --> 00:36:15.960
how I wouldn't want to leave it. My mom's brother
567
00:36:16.039 --> 00:36:18.599
and his family would often visit us. His son, who
568
00:36:18.719 --> 00:36:21.079
was the same age as me, was basically my best
569
00:36:21.079 --> 00:36:23.800
friend back then. This day, they had stayed a little
570
00:36:23.880 --> 00:36:27.440
later than usual, so me and my cousin tired ourselves
571
00:36:27.519 --> 00:36:30.519
up pretty good. After we played, we ate, and after
572
00:36:30.599 --> 00:36:32.960
that it was time for them to leave. I said
573
00:36:33.039 --> 00:36:35.199
my goodbyes and my mom sent me to my room.
574
00:36:35.800 --> 00:36:38.679
This usually wouldn't happen, since it was impossible for me
575
00:36:38.760 --> 00:36:41.559
to sleep without my mom back then. So I called
576
00:36:41.559 --> 00:36:43.159
to her and she told me to go to my
577
00:36:43.280 --> 00:36:46.920
room again. I insisted again, but then my mom gave
578
00:36:46.960 --> 00:36:50.000
me that scary mom glare, and then of course I
579
00:36:50.159 --> 00:36:53.800
went straight in. Since it was seven pm and everyone
580
00:36:53.920 --> 00:36:57.320
was outside, all the lights were off, probably also because
581
00:36:57.400 --> 00:37:00.320
my grandma was sleeping in her room. I went to
582
00:37:00.400 --> 00:37:03.000
my room and put up my mom's thick silky sheets
583
00:37:03.159 --> 00:37:06.760
and I waited. I could somewhat make out the goodbyes
584
00:37:06.840 --> 00:37:09.519
from my room, and that kept my scared child brain
585
00:37:09.599 --> 00:37:12.559
at rest. As I waited, I looked at my hands.
586
00:37:13.039 --> 00:37:16.239
For some reason, I always had been creeped out by hands.
587
00:37:17.119 --> 00:37:19.960
Looking at my hands, I started to feel scared and alone.
588
00:37:20.440 --> 00:37:23.159
I could no longer hear my parents' voices. I thought
589
00:37:23.239 --> 00:37:25.519
that they were about to come towards the house. To
590
00:37:25.599 --> 00:37:29.360
reassure myself, I called out Mama, and I got no response.
591
00:37:30.320 --> 00:37:32.199
After that, I wanted to go out to check, but
592
00:37:32.280 --> 00:37:33.920
I was too scared to get out of my bed.
593
00:37:33.960 --> 00:37:37.320
And then suddenly I saw something move near the outside
594
00:37:38.000 --> 00:37:41.480
that creaked me out, but I thought it was nothing.
595
00:37:42.199 --> 00:37:44.840
Right then I felt a cold hand tickle my foot.
596
00:37:45.400 --> 00:37:48.679
It felt small and bony, literally like how a dead
597
00:37:48.760 --> 00:37:52.159
person's would feel. I'd gotten so scared. I wrapped myself
598
00:37:52.239 --> 00:37:54.760
inside of that thick blanket and used the bed as
599
00:37:54.800 --> 00:37:58.320
a barrier against me and whatever that thing was, there
600
00:37:58.400 --> 00:38:02.679
was silence everywhere. Silence made me even more afraid. I
601
00:38:02.960 --> 00:38:06.599
cried myself to sleep that night. The next morning, I
602
00:38:06.679 --> 00:38:09.679
woke up to my mother gently scratching my back. I
603
00:38:09.840 --> 00:38:12.320
was so relieved, and she told me about what had happened.
604
00:38:12.960 --> 00:38:16.360
Turns out my German shepherd outside had bitten my cousin
605
00:38:16.480 --> 00:38:19.039
on the leg. They had taken him to the hospital
606
00:38:19.199 --> 00:38:23.960
while I was basically alone. Our family sometimes talks about
607
00:38:24.000 --> 00:38:26.159
that house and how many things they had seen there.
608
00:38:26.559 --> 00:38:29.440
Which leads me to believe the house was really haunted.
609
00:38:30.239 --> 00:38:32.639
To this day, I sleep with my feet inside my
610
00:38:32.760 --> 00:38:37.679
banket because of that ghostly hand. Thanks for the story, Jeremiah.
611
00:38:38.119 --> 00:38:39.960
I can't say that I can really relate to being
612
00:38:39.960 --> 00:38:42.840
afraid of hands, but I will say I have seen
613
00:38:42.880 --> 00:38:45.119
a few feet in my life that would deter the
614
00:38:45.119 --> 00:38:55.639
Boogeyman from getting too close. Those feet being mine. When
615
00:38:55.679 --> 00:39:00.519
weird darkness returns, stories of shapeshifters seemed to be told worldwide,
616
00:39:00.960 --> 00:39:03.920
and the Celtic nations are no different. We'll look at
617
00:39:03.920 --> 00:39:07.599
a few shape changing creatures from Ireland, Wales and Scotland
618
00:39:08.000 --> 00:39:30.599
up next. Shape shifters are found in most mythologies and
619
00:39:30.719 --> 00:39:34.360
folk traditions around the world, from ancient to modern times.
620
00:39:35.320 --> 00:39:41.480
In such traditions, humans change into vampires, wear wolves, frogs, insects,
621
00:39:41.559 --> 00:39:45.079
and just about any other creature imaginable and back again.
622
00:39:46.000 --> 00:39:50.000
Sometimes the transformation is controlled by the transformer, who shifts
623
00:39:50.119 --> 00:39:53.639
shape at will. Other times it is an unwelcome event,
624
00:39:53.880 --> 00:39:56.719
such as a punishment, and sometimes it is forced by
625
00:39:56.760 --> 00:39:59.639
a magical spell or a curse. But there are many
626
00:39:59.719 --> 00:40:04.079
other reasons besides. Shape shifters can be good or bad,
627
00:40:04.440 --> 00:40:07.119
often moving the story forward in a novel way, or
628
00:40:07.239 --> 00:40:09.679
have some kind of symbolism that the teller wants to
629
00:40:09.719 --> 00:40:13.079
get across to their audience. There are many different kinds
630
00:40:13.159 --> 00:40:16.280
of shape shifting, and here we'll look at different examples
631
00:40:16.360 --> 00:40:20.039
from Ireland, Wales in Scotland that provide differing glimpses of
632
00:40:20.119 --> 00:40:23.480
shape shifters and action in the myth, folklore, and tradition
633
00:40:23.760 --> 00:40:27.920
of these three Celtic nations. And let me apologize now
634
00:40:28.199 --> 00:40:30.719
before I get into the pronunciations. I might have a
635
00:40:30.760 --> 00:40:34.440
lot of Irish in my blood, but definitely not in
636
00:40:34.599 --> 00:40:39.639
my tongue, so I apologize for the mispronunciations in advance.
637
00:40:40.920 --> 00:40:44.440
In Irish mythology, the Morrigan was a shape shifting war
638
00:40:44.599 --> 00:40:47.519
goddess who could transform into a woman of any age
639
00:40:47.840 --> 00:40:51.760
and also change into animal or bird form. She had
640
00:40:51.800 --> 00:40:54.800
the power of prophecy, and as a war goddess would
641
00:40:54.840 --> 00:40:58.400
sing her people to victory in battle. Sometimes she could
642
00:40:58.440 --> 00:41:01.000
be seen swooping over the battle in the form of
643
00:41:01.079 --> 00:41:03.840
a raven or a crow and devouring the bodies of
644
00:41:03.920 --> 00:41:07.679
the slain. In the story The Cattle Raid of Kouli,
645
00:41:08.079 --> 00:41:10.599
the Morgan appears as a crow to warn the bull
646
00:41:10.760 --> 00:41:14.320
named Don Kulain that Queen Medeb is plotting to abduct him.
647
00:41:14.920 --> 00:41:17.960
Queen Metab attacks Ulster after the bull, but is resisted
648
00:41:18.079 --> 00:41:21.119
single handedly by the hero Cuculon, fighting a series of
649
00:41:21.239 --> 00:41:24.679
duels with her champions at a fjord. In battle, Coculan
650
00:41:24.800 --> 00:41:28.960
undergoes a spectacular change in his form, described as restrod
651
00:41:29.079 --> 00:41:33.039
or warp spasm that sees his body twists and contort
652
00:41:33.159 --> 00:41:36.639
into the most grotesque and fearsome appearance, terrifying his opponents.
653
00:41:37.440 --> 00:41:40.840
In between the duels, the Morgan appears before Coculon as
654
00:41:40.920 --> 00:41:44.360
an attractive young woman, seeking his love and offering her help.
655
00:41:44.880 --> 00:41:48.480
He rejects her, and, feeling slighted, she seeks revenge by
656
00:41:48.599 --> 00:41:52.079
aiding his opponents. First, she turns into an eel and
657
00:41:52.199 --> 00:41:55.199
trips him. Next, she turns into a wolf and causes
658
00:41:55.239 --> 00:41:58.840
a herd of cattle to stampede towards the fiord. Lastly,
659
00:41:59.000 --> 00:42:03.480
transforming herself into a heifer, she leads the stampede. Despite
660
00:42:03.519 --> 00:42:07.360
the magical shape shifting, she fails, and Kucullen manages to
661
00:42:07.480 --> 00:42:11.639
wound her on each transformation. Later, she transforms into an
662
00:42:11.679 --> 00:42:15.559
old woman milking a cow, bearing the three wounds She
663
00:42:15.679 --> 00:42:18.880
offers him milk to drink, and he blesses her, yielding
664
00:42:18.960 --> 00:42:23.239
her wounds, which he later regrets. There are many examples
665
00:42:23.280 --> 00:42:26.360
of shape shifting in Welsh mythology, where a human takes
666
00:42:26.400 --> 00:42:28.960
the form of an animal or a bird, and even
667
00:42:29.119 --> 00:42:32.760
flowers are transformed into maidens. In the story the Fourth
668
00:42:32.800 --> 00:42:36.320
Branch of the Mabinogi, the maiden Blowdewood was created by
669
00:42:36.519 --> 00:42:39.440
Moth and Gwydian out of the flowers of broom meadow,
670
00:42:39.480 --> 00:42:42.239
sweet and oak, and was later transformed into an owl.
671
00:42:42.960 --> 00:42:46.599
Gwydian had earlier undergone a series of transformations, changing into
672
00:42:46.639 --> 00:42:50.159
a stag, sow, and wolf, even producing offspring as a
673
00:42:50.239 --> 00:42:54.400
punishment inflicted by Moth. Arguably one of the most exciting
674
00:42:54.440 --> 00:42:57.760
and extraordinary examples of shape shifting appears in the story
675
00:42:57.880 --> 00:43:02.360
of the Birth of Talison. Sorceress Carodwin brewed a potion
676
00:43:02.599 --> 00:43:05.320
to give to her son movrain ab Tegrit that would
677
00:43:05.440 --> 00:43:08.320
endow him with great wisdom and knowledge. She gave a
678
00:43:08.360 --> 00:43:11.239
boy named guion Bach the task of stirring the brew
679
00:43:11.559 --> 00:43:14.840
and tasked a blind man with feeding the fire. As
680
00:43:14.880 --> 00:43:18.000
guion was stirring, three boiled hot drops spat from the
681
00:43:18.079 --> 00:43:20.880
cauldron onto his hand. Putting his hand to his mouth
682
00:43:20.960 --> 00:43:24.519
to relieve the pain, he accidentally ingested the drops. This
683
00:43:24.719 --> 00:43:27.920
endowed him, instead of Mauvran, with knowledge and wisdom, and
684
00:43:28.039 --> 00:43:31.519
he foresaw Cariedwin's wrath at the accidental ruining of her scheme.
685
00:43:32.159 --> 00:43:35.519
Knowing he must escape, he transformed into a hare, but
686
00:43:35.679 --> 00:43:39.159
she transformed into a greyhound, hot on his tail. Therefore,
687
00:43:39.239 --> 00:43:41.960
he transformed into a fish and leaped into a river,
688
00:43:42.400 --> 00:43:45.679
but she transformed into an otter and closed in on him.
689
00:43:46.119 --> 00:43:48.840
In the nica time, he transformed into a bird and
690
00:43:49.000 --> 00:43:52.880
flew away. She transformed into a hawk and again began
691
00:43:53.000 --> 00:43:55.679
to close in on him. Seeing a pile of winnowed
692
00:43:55.719 --> 00:43:59.199
wheats and a barn, he dived into that, transforming into
693
00:43:59.239 --> 00:44:03.400
a single grain of corn. Transforming herself into a black hen,
694
00:44:03.800 --> 00:44:07.199
she pecked it all up, including him, with him inside her.
695
00:44:07.519 --> 00:44:10.320
She was now pregnant, and nine months later gave birth
696
00:44:10.360 --> 00:44:14.039
to a beautiful baby boy. Realizing the baby was actually
697
00:44:14.159 --> 00:44:17.599
guion Bach reborn, she wanted to kill him, but because
698
00:44:17.639 --> 00:44:20.639
of the fairness of his brow, could not. Giving him
699
00:44:20.679 --> 00:44:22.800
a slim chance of survival, she placed him in a
700
00:44:22.880 --> 00:44:25.480
leather bag and cast him into the water. He would
701
00:44:25.519 --> 00:44:28.400
later be rescued and became the greatest Welsh bard of
702
00:44:28.440 --> 00:44:33.559
all time. In Scottish folklore, selkies and kelpies are two
703
00:44:33.760 --> 00:44:36.880
very different kinds of shape shifting entities. From the examples
704
00:44:36.920 --> 00:44:40.000
of Irish and Welsh mythology we've looked at, they are
705
00:44:40.079 --> 00:44:43.639
completely different from each other, having very different characteristics, but
706
00:44:43.800 --> 00:44:48.239
both featuring in interesting legends and traditions. First, we take
707
00:44:48.239 --> 00:44:50.599
a look at the selki, followed by a look at
708
00:44:50.639 --> 00:44:54.559
the kelpie. A selki changes its form from seal to
709
00:44:54.800 --> 00:44:58.440
human by removing its seal skin. To revert to its
710
00:44:58.559 --> 00:45:01.360
seal form, it must put its seal skin back on.
711
00:45:02.320 --> 00:45:05.079
Often it is the female selki who becomes trapped in
712
00:45:05.119 --> 00:45:08.320
a relationship when a man steals her seal skin while
713
00:45:08.400 --> 00:45:11.440
she's in human form. With the theft of her seal skin,
714
00:45:11.559 --> 00:45:14.480
her power has been stolen and she's unable to transform
715
00:45:14.639 --> 00:45:17.320
back into her original form and must now live on
716
00:45:17.440 --> 00:45:21.159
land as a woman. Sometimes she will marry, but spend
717
00:45:21.320 --> 00:45:24.199
much of her time pining for the sea. She may
718
00:45:24.280 --> 00:45:27.159
have children, but if she ever recovers her seal skin,
719
00:45:27.480 --> 00:45:30.360
she quickly forsakes them and her husband to return to
720
00:45:30.400 --> 00:45:34.480
the sea. According to tradition, male selkies are very handsome
721
00:45:34.519 --> 00:45:38.079
in human form, and women find them very seductive. The
722
00:45:38.159 --> 00:45:40.559
male selki tends to seek out those women who are
723
00:45:40.679 --> 00:45:43.960
unhappy in their marriage, such as fishermen's wives who wait
724
00:45:44.079 --> 00:45:48.840
patiently at home alone for their husband's return. Kelpies, on
725
00:45:48.880 --> 00:45:50.880
the other hand, are a different kind of entity in
726
00:45:50.960 --> 00:45:56.639
Scottish folklore. They are dangerous, supernatural horselike entities with shape
727
00:45:56.639 --> 00:46:01.000
shifting abilities, dwelling in rivers, pools and locks. According to tradition,
728
00:46:01.400 --> 00:46:06.760
lone travelers sometimes encounter kelpies lingering near watery places. They
729
00:46:06.840 --> 00:46:09.440
often take the form of a beautiful woman or a horse,
730
00:46:09.760 --> 00:46:12.559
but can also adopt other guises, such as that of
731
00:46:12.599 --> 00:46:16.039
an old man. One sign of their true identity can
732
00:46:16.079 --> 00:46:18.920
be revealed when water weed is noticed and tangled in
733
00:46:19.000 --> 00:46:22.360
their hair. A folk tale from the island of Barra
734
00:46:22.719 --> 00:46:26.360
tells how an amorous male kelpie transformed into a handsome
735
00:46:26.480 --> 00:46:29.599
young man hoping to seduce and marry a local girl.
736
00:46:30.360 --> 00:46:32.840
While the young man was sleeping, she noticed he wore
737
00:46:32.840 --> 00:46:36.840
a silver necklace, which was really his bridle. She removed
738
00:46:36.880 --> 00:46:40.400
it and he transformed into a horse. The girl took
739
00:46:40.480 --> 00:46:42.559
the horse to her father, who was a farmer, and
740
00:46:42.719 --> 00:46:44.960
he put it to work for a year. When the
741
00:46:45.039 --> 00:46:47.079
year was up, she took it to a wise man
742
00:46:47.239 --> 00:46:50.440
seeking his advice. He advised her she must give the
743
00:46:50.519 --> 00:46:54.440
silver necklace back, which she did, and the horse transformed
744
00:46:54.519 --> 00:46:57.800
back into the handsome young man. The wise man asked
745
00:46:57.840 --> 00:47:00.519
the younger man, if given the choice, he would prefer
746
00:47:00.679 --> 00:47:03.880
to live as a kelpie or a mortal man. The
747
00:47:03.960 --> 00:47:06.320
young man asked the girl if she would be prepared
748
00:47:06.480 --> 00:47:09.320
to marry him if he kept his human form. She
749
00:47:09.480 --> 00:47:12.400
confirmed that she would, and the kelpie chose to be
750
00:47:12.639 --> 00:47:16.679
a mortal man and married the girl. From gods and
751
00:47:16.800 --> 00:47:21.599
goddesses to witches and sorcerers to strange, dangerous supernatural entities
752
00:47:21.679 --> 00:47:25.199
that haunt the wilds, Celtic mythology and folklore has an
753
00:47:25.239 --> 00:47:29.039
abundance of shape shifters. The idea of the transformation of
754
00:47:29.119 --> 00:47:32.639
a human to animal or other form predates the Celts,
755
00:47:32.840 --> 00:47:35.119
and examples are found in the rock art of ancient
756
00:47:35.159 --> 00:47:38.960
people all around the world. Similarly, in the modern age,
757
00:47:39.239 --> 00:47:41.760
shape shifters are found in all of the traditional and
758
00:47:41.960 --> 00:47:45.840
modern media, which reflects on its continuing popularity and the
759
00:47:45.920 --> 00:47:49.000
fact that it still strikes the write chords for many people,
760
00:47:49.679 --> 00:48:09.039
just as it did for people in antiquity. Thanks for listening.
761
00:48:09.519 --> 00:48:11.480
If you like the show, please share it with someone
762
00:48:11.559 --> 00:48:16.000
you know who loves the paranormal or strained stories, true crime, monsters,
763
00:48:16.119 --> 00:48:19.280
or unsolved mysteries like you do. All stories in a
764
00:48:19.320 --> 00:48:22.800
Weird Darkness are purported to be true unless stated otherwise,
765
00:48:22.960 --> 00:48:25.239
and you can find source links or links to the
766
00:48:25.320 --> 00:48:29.400
authors in the show notes. Will the real William West
767
00:48:29.480 --> 00:48:32.559
please Step Forward? Was written by Dean job for Ellery
768
00:48:32.639 --> 00:48:37.639
Queen Mystery Magazine, Martin Chelikowski for Vintage News, and Lee
769
00:48:37.760 --> 00:48:41.159
Ferron for ABC News. The Case of Dorothy Talby is
770
00:48:41.239 --> 00:48:45.679
by Romeo Viatelli for Providentia. True Time Travel Moments was
771
00:48:45.719 --> 00:48:49.360
posted at Earth Chronicles dot com and shape Shifters of
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00:48:49.400 --> 00:48:52.880
the Celts is by Steve T. Evans for Folklore Thursday
773
00:48:52.960 --> 00:48:56.119
dot com. And now that we're coming out of the dark,
774
00:48:56.559 --> 00:48:59.679
I'll leave you with a little light first, Peter one
775
00:48:59.760 --> 00:49:02.440
Versus eight and nine. Though you have not seen him,
776
00:49:02.920 --> 00:49:05.360
you love him. And even though you do not see him,
777
00:49:05.440 --> 00:49:07.800
now you believe in him and are filled with an
778
00:49:07.840 --> 00:49:11.840
inexpressible and glorious joy, for you are receiving the goal
779
00:49:11.960 --> 00:49:16.320
of your faith, the salvation of your souls, and a
780
00:49:16.360 --> 00:49:20.840
final thought from Stephanie Katherine. Starting over doesn't make you
781
00:49:21.079 --> 00:49:25.360
a failure. Hit the restart button as many times as necessary,
782
00:49:25.760 --> 00:49:31.239
and keep on keeping on. I'm Darren Marler. Thanks for
783
00:49:31.360 --> 00:49:33.599
joining me in the weird darkness.