Linux Troubleshooting Essentials: Tech Exam Prep for IT Skills Development

WEBVTT
00:00:26.719 --> 00:00:28.320
Hey and welcome to the final detail.
00:00:28.719 --> 00:00:29.839
I'm Professor Jay Wall.
00:00:30.079 --> 00:00:32.079
In this episode, we're gonna talk about Linux.
00:01:07.439 --> 00:01:07.920
Professor J.
00:01:08.079 --> 00:01:08.319
Rod.
00:01:08.400 --> 00:01:20.079
For those of you who don't know me, I'm a professor of cybersecurity and I like helping my students pass their A Plus, Network Plus, and Security Plus series of exams.
00:01:20.239 --> 00:01:23.760
I'm also wrote the book Scam Proof for Life.
00:01:24.640 --> 00:01:26.719
Right to help seniors.
00:01:28.719 --> 00:01:30.400
Sorry, Scam Proof for Seniors.
00:01:30.480 --> 00:01:31.760
I say Scam Proof for Life.
00:01:31.920 --> 00:01:39.280
No, Scam Proof for Seniors to help you know your mom, dad, grandma, grandpa, uncle, aunt help them not get scammed.
00:01:39.359 --> 00:01:40.879
Because you know there's a lot of scammers out there.
00:01:40.959 --> 00:01:43.280
You can find that on Amazon.
00:01:43.519 --> 00:01:47.280
It's called Scam Proof for Seniors, written by me, Dr.
00:01:47.439 --> 00:01:48.400
Rodriguez.
00:01:48.719 --> 00:01:52.400
And or you can find it at my website, Professor Jrod.
00:01:52.799 --> 00:01:58.000
That's J R O D dot com slash books, and you will see it there.
00:01:58.239 --> 00:02:01.439
And you can order it at professorjrod.com.
00:02:03.200 --> 00:02:04.400
Yeah, it's a good book.
00:02:04.640 --> 00:02:13.199
Buy it, you know, support the show, support me, and help out your parents, grandparents, all that makes a great Mother's Day gift, by the way.
00:02:13.360 --> 00:02:20.639
Mother's Day is a few weeks away, so you know if you don't know what you want to buy your mom or grandma for Mother's Day.
00:02:20.719 --> 00:02:23.599
This is a perfect Mother's Day gift that you can buy.
00:02:23.840 --> 00:02:28.879
Again, it's on Amazon if you want a scan proof for seniors.
00:02:30.080 --> 00:02:31.599
Or you can, you know, buy Dr.
00:02:31.680 --> 00:02:32.719
Rodriguez.
00:02:37.280 --> 00:02:41.120
Scan proof for seniors, how to recognize, avoid, and stop modern scans.
00:02:42.080 --> 00:02:47.360
You can buy it on Amazon or on professorjrod.com slash books.
00:02:48.080 --> 00:02:49.039
Alright.
00:02:49.840 --> 00:02:51.360
So this is part two.
00:02:51.759 --> 00:02:54.800
Oh also I'm also on social media, as you know.
00:02:54.960 --> 00:03:05.520
I'm on TikTok at Professor J Rod, Instagram at Professor J Rod, and the Facebook Technology Tap Podcast.
00:03:06.000 --> 00:03:09.120
So, all right, so let's move forward.
00:03:10.000 --> 00:03:18.960
Picking up from last episode, right, where we talked about where I am and as far as Linux is concerned and who is allowed to act.
00:03:19.360 --> 00:03:22.000
Right now we reach the next question.
00:03:22.240 --> 00:03:25.759
What is the system actually doing right now?
00:03:28.080 --> 00:03:31.199
You need to understand who has permission for what, right?
00:03:31.360 --> 00:03:34.080
For permissions alone don't tell you what's happening.
00:03:34.560 --> 00:03:42.319
A system has correct permissions, can have a valid users, and have proper structure, and still fail.
00:03:42.560 --> 00:03:43.199
Why?
00:03:43.520 --> 00:03:46.800
Because something is actively running incorrectly.
00:03:47.520 --> 00:03:50.000
So the question is, what is the system doing right now?
00:03:50.080 --> 00:03:52.080
And is that behavior correct?
00:03:52.400 --> 00:03:57.840
Because operating systems are not static, they are collections of active processes.
00:03:58.560 --> 00:04:01.680
So a process is a program that is currently running in memory.
00:04:01.840 --> 00:04:06.479
Example, a web browser, a background service, a system task, a malicious program.
00:04:07.439 --> 00:04:08.479
Why does this matter?
00:04:08.639 --> 00:04:14.080
Because problems are rarely, you know, like this file exists.
00:04:14.240 --> 00:04:19.120
They are always something is using, is using, blocking, or breaking that file.
00:04:20.480 --> 00:04:29.199
Users see apps, windows, and icons, and you as a technician should be seeing processes interactive with resources.
00:04:29.680 --> 00:04:38.160
So your first tool that you're gonna run in Linux to see what's running is the PS command.
00:04:38.560 --> 00:04:42.639
PS command displays a snapshot of current running processes.
00:04:43.120 --> 00:04:49.600
So, for example, if you ps space AUX, what this shows?
00:04:50.160 --> 00:04:57.680
It shows the user who owns the process, the process ID, the usage, the CPU usage, memory usage, and the command when it's running.
00:04:57.920 --> 00:04:59.120
Why is this important?
00:04:59.279 --> 00:05:03.439
Because it answers what exists at this exact moment.
00:05:04.800 --> 00:05:10.959
Next to is the top command, TOP, displays real-time system activity.
00:05:11.360 --> 00:05:11.680
Right?
00:05:11.759 --> 00:05:13.279
What do you see when you type in top?
00:05:13.360 --> 00:05:19.040
You see live CPU usage, memory consumption, running processes, and system loads.
00:05:19.360 --> 00:05:22.399
What's the difference between PS and top?
00:05:22.720 --> 00:05:26.399
PS is a snapshot and top is live monitoring.
00:05:27.279 --> 00:05:29.759
And why does this distinction matter?
00:05:29.920 --> 00:05:36.639
Because troubleshooting depends on if the problem is consistent or dynamic.
00:05:38.000 --> 00:05:41.120
In the real world, the users say my computer's slow, right?
00:05:41.439 --> 00:05:44.800
The wrong approach is to restart, guess, or blame hardware.
00:05:45.040 --> 00:05:49.199
But truth be told, restart helps a lot.
00:05:49.680 --> 00:05:50.079
Right?
00:05:50.399 --> 00:05:58.639
Technician approach, you hit top, you observe that the CPU is at 100%, and you have one process consuming resources.
00:05:59.040 --> 00:06:04.560
The issue is not the system, it's a specific process behaving bad.
00:06:05.759 --> 00:06:08.560
Next, you have a PID, right?
00:06:08.800 --> 00:06:12.560
Process ID is a unique number assigned to each process.
00:06:12.879 --> 00:06:13.839
Why does it matter?
00:06:13.920 --> 00:06:17.839
Because you don't stop programs by name, you stop them by identity.
00:06:18.079 --> 00:06:20.079
Kind of like task manager, right?
00:06:20.959 --> 00:06:22.480
Or task kill.
00:06:22.959 --> 00:06:23.279
Right?
00:06:23.360 --> 00:06:27.120
This is the kill command, sends a signal to terminate a process.
00:06:27.360 --> 00:06:27.600
Right?
00:06:27.680 --> 00:06:32.160
If you've done task kill in Windows, it's similar, right?
00:06:32.399 --> 00:06:36.319
You just do the kill and then whatever the process ID number is.
00:06:37.040 --> 00:06:37.680
Right.
00:06:38.560 --> 00:06:53.120
So for example, if you do kill space one, two, three, four, it targets processes, targets, it targets process with the ID number of one, two, three, four, and attempts to stop it safely.
00:06:54.000 --> 00:07:03.040
Now, for stop, sometimes it, you know, it you try to kill it and it won't it won't do anything, it still continue running.
00:07:03.199 --> 00:07:05.199
Then you have to force stop it.
00:07:05.600 --> 00:07:08.240
And that's the negative nine command.
00:07:08.319 --> 00:07:13.600
So it so in this example it would be kill space negative nine, one, two, three, four.
00:07:13.839 --> 00:07:16.879
The negative nine forces immediate termination.
00:07:17.360 --> 00:07:22.879
This is not clean, this does not save the data, it does not close gracefully.
00:07:23.439 --> 00:07:29.040
Should only use this force only when control has already been lost.
00:07:30.399 --> 00:07:32.079
Background versus foreground.
00:07:32.240 --> 00:07:37.360
Foreground runs in the active terminal, background runs behind the scenes.
00:07:37.519 --> 00:07:42.319
So, for example, processes with the and the and stamp, right?
00:07:42.399 --> 00:07:43.759
The and, right?
00:07:44.000 --> 00:07:46.399
A N D, right?
00:07:46.480 --> 00:07:49.839
Remember the symbol and so why does it matter?
00:07:50.000 --> 00:07:54.319
Because many system services run without user visibility.
00:07:55.360 --> 00:07:57.439
And it tells you what services are running.
00:07:57.600 --> 00:07:58.480
So, what's a service?
00:07:58.639 --> 00:08:03.120
A service is a background process that performs ongoing system tasks.
00:08:03.279 --> 00:08:07.279
For example, web servers, network managers, security services.
00:08:08.079 --> 00:08:10.319
System CTL or system control.
00:08:10.800 --> 00:08:13.600
It controls system services.
00:08:14.079 --> 00:08:21.439
For example, you want to do systemctl space start appache 2 or stop Apache 2, right?
00:08:21.519 --> 00:08:26.480
System CTL stop Apache 2 or System CTL status Apache 2.
00:08:26.879 --> 00:08:27.759
Why this matters?
00:08:28.000 --> 00:08:33.279
Because if a service fails, that system might appear normal or function incorrectly.
00:08:33.519 --> 00:08:36.639
So let's say the website the website is down.
00:08:37.519 --> 00:08:40.320
You don't guess why it's down, you check.
00:08:40.639 --> 00:08:40.879
Right?
00:08:41.039 --> 00:08:46.559
So you will go system CTL space status space apache 2 and see what's the status.
00:08:47.200 --> 00:08:49.679
Result, the service is stopped.
00:08:50.080 --> 00:08:54.799
The fix, system CTL, space, start space Apache 2.
00:08:54.960 --> 00:08:55.679
Problem solved.
00:08:56.000 --> 00:08:57.360
Easy peasy.
00:08:58.559 --> 00:08:58.879
Right?
00:08:59.039 --> 00:09:01.279
Package heart package manager.
00:09:01.519 --> 00:09:05.600
It's a system that installs, updates, and removes software.
00:09:06.080 --> 00:09:07.039
Why does it exist?
00:09:07.200 --> 00:09:15.360
Because Linux does not use random installers or download and click workflows, it uses trusted repositories.
00:09:16.080 --> 00:09:23.120
Common systems is apt, Debian based or DNF Yum for Red Hat based.
00:09:23.600 --> 00:09:27.120
So an example is you want to update your stuff, update, right?
00:09:27.440 --> 00:09:34.159
APT space update or APT install ng INX, right?
00:09:34.320 --> 00:09:43.200
For Debian based and for DNF and Yum, you write DNF space install space HTTPD.
00:09:43.360 --> 00:09:44.320
Why this matters?
00:09:44.480 --> 00:09:48.879
Because software is verified, managed, and controlled.
00:09:49.679 --> 00:09:52.960
Now we come back to something that we're familiar, right?
00:09:53.679 --> 00:09:54.879
The pin command.
00:09:55.039 --> 00:09:55.279
Right?
00:09:55.360 --> 00:09:58.080
The pin command tests connectivity between systems.
00:09:58.159 --> 00:10:02.480
It works exactly how the Windows pin command is, right?
00:10:02.559 --> 00:10:06.320
So for example, you want to ping Google, it's ping spacegoogle.com.
00:10:06.720 --> 00:10:06.960
Right?
00:10:07.039 --> 00:10:07.840
What does this tell you?
00:10:07.919 --> 00:10:11.519
That the network is reachable and then the path exists.
00:10:12.320 --> 00:10:18.240
Next we have the dig command and dig tests DNS resolution.
00:10:18.399 --> 00:10:21.759
So again, you know, you do dig.google.com.
00:10:22.559 --> 00:10:22.879
Right?
00:10:23.039 --> 00:10:26.080
What is the difference between ping and dig?
00:10:26.879 --> 00:10:31.360
Ping tests for connectivity, dig tests for name resolution.
00:10:32.480 --> 00:10:38.320
Next we have the etsy resolve or re s o v dot config.
00:10:38.879 --> 00:10:40.000
Config, yeah.
00:10:40.159 --> 00:10:40.960
C-o-n-f.
00:10:41.919 --> 00:10:44.000
Not config, conf, right?
00:10:44.240 --> 00:10:47.519
File that defines DNS servers used by the system.
00:10:47.759 --> 00:10:48.639
Why this matters?
00:10:48.799 --> 00:10:53.039
Because if DNS is wrong, internet works and the names fail.
00:10:54.000 --> 00:10:55.679
Automation, cron.
00:10:56.320 --> 00:10:59.120
Cron is a scheduler for automated tasks.
00:10:59.279 --> 00:11:03.200
Examples, crom tab minus E.
00:11:03.840 --> 00:11:04.639
What does it do?
00:11:04.960 --> 00:11:07.440
You can use it for backups, updates, scripts.
00:11:07.600 --> 00:11:08.960
Why does it matter?
00:11:09.279 --> 00:11:12.960
Because the real systems run tasks without human interaction.
00:11:13.200 --> 00:11:15.600
You don't need to be there 24-7, right?
00:11:15.679 --> 00:11:18.559
You can just set it up, especially now with AI.
00:11:19.919 --> 00:11:23.200
Set it up on what, and you don't have to be there.
00:11:23.440 --> 00:11:27.919
Now you understand that systems are not static, they are active environments.
00:11:28.240 --> 00:11:38.720
You know now that what processes are, how to monitor them, how to stop them, how the service operates, how software is installed, and how network is validated.
00:11:39.440 --> 00:11:42.480
And now we move to the final part.
00:11:43.759 --> 00:11:44.240
Right?
00:11:44.480 --> 00:11:48.000
How does the system hide complexity without removing control?
00:11:49.840 --> 00:11:50.480
Right?
00:11:51.279 --> 00:11:53.120
In Linux, everything's exposed.
00:11:53.200 --> 00:11:58.159
You type commands, you see structures, you control behavior directly.
00:11:58.480 --> 00:12:00.720
Mac OS takes a different approach.
00:12:00.879 --> 00:12:05.120
It asks, what if we kept the power but remove the friction?
00:12:05.919 --> 00:12:14.000
What macOS really is most people describe Mac as easy, clean, and user-friendly.
00:12:14.320 --> 00:12:16.080
All true, but incomplete.
00:12:16.399 --> 00:12:24.080
Mac OS is a Unix-based operating system designed to combine system level power with simplified user interface.
00:12:24.320 --> 00:12:30.399
The last part matters because Mac OS is not simpler, it is structured differently.
00:12:30.799 --> 00:12:33.120
Linux says you are responsible.
00:12:33.360 --> 00:12:35.200
Windows says we'll guide you.
00:12:35.440 --> 00:12:40.559
Mac says we'll simplify the experience, but the system still follows the rules, right?
00:12:40.639 --> 00:12:54.000
This is not a continuation of Linux, but this is just showing you the two main operating systems that other than Windows, because the the exam is like 90% Windows.
00:12:54.720 --> 00:13:05.039
The other two operating systems that could possibly be on the exam, though do not, like you don't need to be a Linux guru or a Mac guru.
00:13:05.679 --> 00:13:13.039
I mean, they're only gonna ask you maybe five questions total on both exams, I would think, on Linux and Mac.
00:13:13.279 --> 00:13:18.159
It's not, you know, it's Windows-centric, this exam.
00:13:18.639 --> 00:13:24.879
It's supposed to be vendor neutral, but it's really Windows-centric because mostly everybody has Windows.
00:13:25.120 --> 00:13:25.519
Right?
00:13:25.679 --> 00:13:30.320
90 80, it's like 85% of the world uses Windows.
00:13:30.559 --> 00:13:33.679
So this is this is what the exam is based off.
00:13:35.679 --> 00:13:36.320
All right.
00:13:37.759 --> 00:13:39.440
Let's start with the Finder.
00:13:39.679 --> 00:13:44.960
Finder is the file management interface used to navigate and organize files in Mac OS.
00:13:45.440 --> 00:13:46.639
Why does it exist?
00:13:46.799 --> 00:13:50.639
Because not every user needs command line precision or system level visibility.
00:13:50.799 --> 00:13:54.080
Instead, they need clear visual access to their files.
00:13:55.679 --> 00:13:55.919
Right?
00:13:56.080 --> 00:14:08.320
So instead of CD users, you know, Juan documents, and then type LS to see the list, you click for Finder, open documents, and then view files instantly.
00:14:09.840 --> 00:14:13.279
The system didn't change the interaction layer did.
00:14:14.399 --> 00:14:14.720
Right?
00:14:14.879 --> 00:14:15.279
The doc.
00:14:16.240 --> 00:14:21.519
The doc is a shortcut bar that provides quick access to frequently used applications.
00:14:21.759 --> 00:14:22.720
Why does it matter?
00:14:22.799 --> 00:14:28.000
Because macOS separates navigation or finder from access, which is the doc.
00:14:28.399 --> 00:14:33.120
The results, users don't search for apps, they launch instantly.
00:14:33.919 --> 00:14:35.279
Next is Spotlight.
00:14:35.440 --> 00:14:42.559
Spotlight is a system-wide search tool that allows users to quickly locate files, applications, and system functions.
00:14:42.799 --> 00:14:45.200
The shortcut is command plus space.
00:14:46.639 --> 00:14:47.840
That's the shortcut for that.
00:14:47.919 --> 00:14:48.960
Why this changes?
00:14:49.200 --> 00:14:55.120
Because instead of navigating folders or clicking menus, you ask the system directly.
00:14:55.919 --> 00:14:56.240
Right?
00:14:56.399 --> 00:15:00.639
You could type terminal, press enter, and then system opens terminal instantly.
00:15:00.720 --> 00:15:00.960
Right?
00:15:01.039 --> 00:15:02.399
That's the example.
00:15:03.120 --> 00:15:08.799
Insight search replaces navigation, and speed replaces structure.
00:15:09.600 --> 00:15:14.080
Under the surface, Mac is still Unix, and so is Linux, right?
00:15:14.159 --> 00:15:16.639
It's a father, right?
00:15:16.960 --> 00:15:21.200
Unix is the father, and Linux and Mac are the are the sons.
00:15:21.679 --> 00:15:26.159
Here's what most users don't realize macOS is built on Unix, right?
00:15:26.240 --> 00:15:28.000
What that why does that matter?
00:15:28.240 --> 00:15:34.799
Underneath, it has the same file system concept, the same permission models, and the same command line tools.
00:15:35.120 --> 00:15:42.080
If you open terminal in Mac and you type LS, PW, and CD, they're the same command as Linux.
00:15:43.919 --> 00:15:49.120
Mac OS didn't remove complexity, it hid it until you need it.
00:15:49.679 --> 00:15:49.919
Right?
00:15:50.240 --> 00:15:57.759
Bet you didn't know that LS, PW, and C D work in Mac, like in Linux.
00:15:58.639 --> 00:16:03.360
Our file system structure, Mac OS uses structure directories.
00:16:03.600 --> 00:16:13.919
You have your application directory with installed apps, system, which is your OS files, library is where shared resources are, and the users is the user data.
00:16:14.240 --> 00:16:15.120
Why does this matter?
00:16:15.279 --> 00:16:20.720
Because when troubleshooting, you must know where things live with beneath the surface.
00:16:22.000 --> 00:16:27.759
Next, we have the security that they have available in the Mac OS, protection without constant user input.
00:16:28.080 --> 00:16:33.919
You have your file volt, full disk encryption for Mac OS, kind of like BitLocker, right?
00:16:34.159 --> 00:16:38.639
Why does it exist to protect data if the data is lost or if it's stolen?
00:16:38.960 --> 00:16:46.799
Real world impact, without file volt, data can be extracted physically, and with it, it data remains encrypted.
00:16:47.120 --> 00:16:53.120
Keychain, which is your password management, is a secure storage system for passwords and credentials.
00:16:53.279 --> 00:16:54.320
Why does this matter?
00:16:54.559 --> 00:16:58.559
Because users reuse passwords and forget credentials.
00:16:58.639 --> 00:17:05.680
This is something that Windows does not have, which I imagine in the next version of Windows they will.
00:17:06.640 --> 00:17:10.799
Because not for nothing, guys, this thing with the passwords has gotten out of hand.
00:17:11.599 --> 00:17:20.559
Changing the password every 60 days now, and having 16 characters, you know, this is like the minimum that the government wants.
00:17:20.799 --> 00:17:28.720
I mean, we still in the corporate like 90, 90 days, I think 12 characters, but it's gonna go that way pretty soon.
00:17:28.960 --> 00:17:34.640
Um, you watch the government is off in the lead, and then the corporations follow later on.
00:17:34.880 --> 00:17:39.440
But yeah, it's it's it's a hassle, these passwords.
00:17:40.079 --> 00:17:44.000
Uh so you know, they reuse the passwords, they forget the credentials.
00:17:44.319 --> 00:17:49.359
So solution the macOS stores and protects them securely.
00:17:50.480 --> 00:17:52.000
Backup Time Machine.
00:17:52.160 --> 00:17:58.559
Time machine is an automated backup system that allows users to restore previous versions of files.
00:17:59.119 --> 00:18:00.240
Why is this powerful?
00:18:00.400 --> 00:18:02.400
Because it changes how recovery works.
00:18:02.640 --> 00:18:12.240
Real world scenario, user deletes a file instead of panic and rebuilding it, they open time machine, go back in time and restore files.
00:18:13.200 --> 00:18:15.039
Lesson backup removes fear.
00:18:15.119 --> 00:18:26.720
I don't I'm I'm not a big Mac user, so I don't, you know, I know Windows have the system restore, but the system restore does not restore the file if you did it, if you deleted it.
00:18:26.960 --> 00:18:29.440
It'll restore the app, I think, if you deleted it.
00:18:29.519 --> 00:18:33.599
But if it's the file, I think it's gone.
00:18:34.000 --> 00:18:39.519
So troubleshooting in Mac OS, even though Mac OS simplifies things, problems still exist.
00:18:40.160 --> 00:18:41.440
Force quit, right?
00:18:41.519 --> 00:18:46.079
You have the force quit command, it's command plus option plus escape.
00:18:46.240 --> 00:18:48.640
It terminates unresponsive applications, right?
00:18:48.720 --> 00:18:54.319
It's like control, alt-delete in Windows, and then you go in there and you end task, right?
00:18:54.559 --> 00:18:56.880
To terminate unresponsive applications.
00:18:57.119 --> 00:18:58.079
Why does it matter?
00:18:58.319 --> 00:19:01.759
Because sometimes processes don't respond to normal control.
00:19:02.720 --> 00:19:07.599
Activity monitor, it displays running processes and system performance, right?
00:19:07.839 --> 00:19:10.880
Equivalent to top or task manager, it looks like.
00:21:02.319 --> 00:21:07.839
So now you have structure, control, behavior, and interface.
00:21:08.160 --> 00:21:10.240
So let's test your thinking.
00:21:10.319 --> 00:21:13.920
And it's time for the Camtia style questions.
00:21:14.160 --> 00:21:16.240
As you know, I give you four questions.
00:21:16.480 --> 00:21:23.519
I'm gonna read it, give you the four choices, then read it again, give you five seconds, think about it, and then I'll tell you the answer.
00:21:23.839 --> 00:21:27.359
Question number one What is the primary function of the Linux shell?
00:21:27.680 --> 00:21:35.440
A manage hardware, B provide graphical interface, C, interpret and execute commands or D store files.
00:21:35.839 --> 00:21:38.319
What is the primary function of the Linux shell?
00:21:38.480 --> 00:21:45.839
A manage hardware, B provide graphical interface, C interpret and execute commands or D store files.
00:21:46.160 --> 00:21:47.039
Give you five seconds.
00:21:47.200 --> 00:21:48.160
Think about it.
00:21:48.559 --> 00:21:51.440
Five, four, three, two, one.
00:21:51.759 --> 00:21:53.039
The answer is C.
00:21:53.920 --> 00:21:59.759
The shell acts as the interpreter between the user and the operating system.
00:22:00.400 --> 00:22:05.119
It takes command, processes them, and executes system level actions.
00:22:06.319 --> 00:22:07.039
Question two.
00:22:07.440 --> 00:22:11.519
Which command provides real-time monitoring of system processes?
00:22:12.079 --> 00:22:16.400
A PS B L S C Top D C D.
00:22:17.119 --> 00:22:21.039
Which command provides real-time monitoring of system processes?
00:22:21.279 --> 00:22:25.599
A PS B L S C top or D C D?
00:22:26.079 --> 00:22:28.079
Give me five seconds to think about it.
00:22:28.720 --> 00:22:30.799
5, 4, 3, 2, 1.
00:22:30.960 --> 00:22:33.279
The answer is C top.
00:22:33.519 --> 00:22:42.960
It continuously updates system activity showing CPU and memory uses dynamically, unlike PS, which provides a static snapshot.
00:22:43.599 --> 00:22:44.799
Question number three.
00:22:44.960 --> 00:22:48.000
What is the purpose of sudo in Linux?
00:22:48.400 --> 00:22:50.000
A delete files, B.
00:22:50.160 --> 00:22:51.359
Switch directories.
00:22:51.599 --> 00:22:55.119
C Run with elevated privileges or D restart system.
00:22:55.920 --> 00:22:58.240
What is the purpose of sudo in Linux?
00:22:58.400 --> 00:22:59.759
SUDO in Linux?
00:22:59.920 --> 00:23:00.079
A.
00:23:00.240 --> 00:23:00.960
Delete files.
00:23:01.119 --> 00:23:02.640
B switch directories.
00:23:02.880 --> 00:23:06.240
C Run commands with elevated privileges or D restart system.
00:23:06.480 --> 00:23:07.440
I'll give you five seconds.
00:23:07.599 --> 00:23:08.400
Think about it.
00:23:08.720 --> 00:23:12.559
5, 4, 3, 2, 1.
00:23:12.799 --> 00:23:14.160
And the answer is C.
00:23:14.559 --> 00:23:23.279
Sudo allows users to execute specific commands with administrative privileges without fully switching to the root user.
00:23:23.519 --> 00:23:23.839
Right?
00:23:24.000 --> 00:23:26.799
Should be should be done temporarily, right?
00:23:28.400 --> 00:23:29.200
Last question.
00:23:29.359 --> 00:23:32.400
Hopefully you are three for three so far.
00:23:32.960 --> 00:23:35.599
And let's do like Wendy's and go four for four.
00:23:35.680 --> 00:23:36.799
That is so corny.
00:23:37.200 --> 00:23:41.759
Anyway, what is the primary role of the time machine in macOS?
00:23:42.079 --> 00:23:42.319
A.
00:23:42.559 --> 00:23:43.359
Install apps.
00:23:43.599 --> 00:23:45.200
B monitor system performance.
00:23:45.359 --> 00:23:48.640
C backup or restore files or D manage permissions.
00:23:49.279 --> 00:23:52.960
What is the primary role of time management in macOS?
00:23:53.119 --> 00:23:54.000
A install apps.
00:23:54.160 --> 00:23:56.000
B monitor system performance.
00:23:56.240 --> 00:23:59.920
C backup and restore files or D manage permissions.
00:24:00.240 --> 00:24:01.839
Give you five seconds to think about it.
00:24:02.000 --> 00:24:04.960
5, 4, 3, 2, 1.
00:24:05.119 --> 00:24:06.400
The correct answer is C.
00:24:06.559 --> 00:24:07.680
Time Machine.
00:24:08.720 --> 00:24:11.680
Is Time Machine does backup and restore files?
00:24:11.920 --> 00:24:12.400
C, right?
00:24:12.640 --> 00:24:13.920
Backup and restore files.
00:24:14.240 --> 00:24:20.640
Time machine provides automated backups and allow users to recover files from previous dates.
00:24:22.319 --> 00:24:27.279
So if you made it through the entire two episodes that I've done, you've already done something most people don't.
00:24:27.440 --> 00:24:38.400
You didn't just learn commands, you learned how systems are structured, how access is controlled, how behavior is monitored, and how different interfaces present the same reality.
00:24:38.480 --> 00:24:39.440
And that's the difference.
00:24:39.599 --> 00:24:47.279
Anyone can memorize LS, CH mod, or Top, but technicians understand why those commands exist.
00:24:47.599 --> 00:24:54.480
Because in the real world, you won't always know the system, but you will understand the principles.
00:24:54.799 --> 00:24:57.599
And you will always find the answers.
00:24:58.079 --> 00:25:00.240
Alright, this has been Technology Tap.
00:25:00.319 --> 00:25:01.119
I'm Professor J.
00:25:01.279 --> 00:25:01.680
Ron.
00:25:02.400 --> 00:25:08.160
Stay sharp, stay curious, and as always, keep tapping into technology.
00:25:30.240 --> 00:25:35.279
This has been a presentation of Little Cha Chop Productions, art by Sarah, music by Joe Kim.
00:25:35.440 --> 00:25:38.720
We are now part of the Pod Match Network.
00:25:39.039 --> 00:25:44.079
You can follow me at TikTok at Professor J Rod at JROD.
00:25:44.400 --> 00:25:49.759
Or you can email me at Professor J Rod, J R O D at Gmail dot com.