#13 Maps, Messages & Missing People: The Lost Colony __ Roanoke

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Speaker:
Hi, I'm Debbie and I'm Megan.
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We are real life scientists, and
we want to share some sciencey
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stories that are crazy.
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Sometimes a little mysterious,
but with an ad libs twist.
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You are listening to lab libs.
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Okie dokie.
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Mysterious, huh?
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Mhm.
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Speaker:
Really?
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All of them are mysterious
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because I never mysterious to
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us.
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Yeah, they're mysterious to us.
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Yeah.
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But this one is gonna stay
mysterious even as mysterious
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for other people to like.
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Yeah, a little bit mysterious,
but not mysterious enough to
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where you're gonna be like, I
hate that you did not give me
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any kind of conclusion.
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So it'll be satisfying in some
way, I think.
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I think it's fine.
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It didn't annoy me too much.
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So. All right.
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Okay, I'm gonna give you a
couple of out of context quotes.
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Double quote, double quote.
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Wow.
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They're both archaeologists.
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One of them is Mark Horton, and
his quote is.
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Quote.
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Have we solved the mystery?
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Well, you know, it's pretty good
evidence, but there's always
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more work to be done.
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And people love mysteries.
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They hate resolving things one
way or the other.
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So I'm sure that the mystery
will continue.
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You know, whatever the
scientific evidence says.
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He said conspiracy theorists are
gonna conspiracy theory.
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They're gonna conspiracy.
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I thought that was pretty cool.
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That is funny.
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I like how he was like, you
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know, you know, cause, like, you
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know.
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Okay.
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And this one I just included
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because it's an out of context
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quote that is hilariously on
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point.
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Okay.
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This is Charles Erwin.
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Quote.
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The hammer scale is just not
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doing it for me without good
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context.
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I'm not seeing any good context.
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Okay.
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What year is this like modern
scientists or old scientists?
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Because I feel like they're
talking like Gen Z. Like it's
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not doing it for me.
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I'm just not.
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like, I'm not getting, like,
what I want from this.
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It's not giving evidence.
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Giving evidence feeling.
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Yeah, I mean, I, I doubt that
they're Gen Z, but.
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Oh. All right, your first lob
libs is in the first sentence.
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Okay, so.
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And that was a country in
Europe.
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So in the late sixteenth
century, blank wanted to
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challenge the Spanish dominance.
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You got any clue from that?
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What did I say?
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You said France.
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Um, in the sixteen hundreds.
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Sixteenth century.
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Oh, the sixteenth century.
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So what is that?
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Seventeenth.
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Fifteen.
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Fifteen hundreds.
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Mhm.
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Side note whoever decided to do
that.
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Oh, yeah, I get it, I know why.
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I know it, I know.
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But whoever decided that that's
how we would name things.
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No, it's really terrible.
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I fucking hate that.
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Nobody gets it.
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Nobody gets it.
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Okay, so fifteen hundreds,
fifteen hundreds.
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Yeah.
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I don't know why I'm, like,
deliberating on this right now.
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Like, as if I know anything
about history.
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You know it better.
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Yeah.
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Yeah.
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Like I know anything about
history.
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I think Spain and France sounds
like they could be at odds.
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Yeah.
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In the fifteen hundreds.
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Yes.
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For sure.
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Right?
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Yes.
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It's not France.
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It's not France.
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No it's not, it's England.
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Oh, that was my other guess.
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Yeah.
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Spain.
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They always be fighting with
somebody.
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Be fighting with someone.
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Yeah.
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Okay, okay.
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So they were fighting.
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What did you say?
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Okay.
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In the late sixteenth century,
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England wanted to challenge the
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Spanish dominance.
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Okay, okay.
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Your next lab libs is actually
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in this sentence too, but it's a
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long one.
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okay.
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And I gave you a continent.
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Sir Walter Raleigh, who was
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backed by Queen Elizabeth the
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First, sponsored an expedition
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to establish an English foothold
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in blank.
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You said Asia.
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Do you feel like it's Asia?
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maybe in, like, India.
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India is in Asia.
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Yeah, I guess it.
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Yeah, I guess North America.
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It's North America.
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Yeah.
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Raleigh.
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Like North Carolina.
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Okay, so.
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The first expedition of its kind
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was in fifteen eighty five and
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was military in nature and
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poorly planned.
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relations with local tribes
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quickly deteriorated due to
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misunderstandings, violence and
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food shortages.
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That's so colonialism for you.
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Yeah.
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So the the settlers abandoned
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the colony within a year and
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returned to England with Sir
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Francis Drake.
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So that's the first time that
England tried to come.
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The first of its kind.
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I think.
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Speaker:
Yeah, that's sponsored by the
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monarch from England to come
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settle here.
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Yeah, exactly.
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To make a colony?
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the English learned a couple of
things from that, though.
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So a colony would need families,
not soldiers.
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and survival would probably
heavily depend on cooperation
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with the indigenous peoples.
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Wow, what a concept.
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I mean, there it is, right?
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Speaker:
Yeah.
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Speaker:
Okay, so this one has a lot of
libs in it.
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Speaker:
Oh, it's a double.
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It's a double a double.
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Lab libs.
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It's a double.
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Double.
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Lab libs all the way.
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I didn't realize I did that.
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Wow.
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Okay, so you're gonna have two
blanks on this one.
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Wow.
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That's crazy.
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And it was a number less than
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fifty and a state in the
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southeast.
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Speaker:
Okay, so in fifteen eighty
seven, a new group arrived.
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There were about blank
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colonists, and they landed on
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Roanoke Island, which is modern
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day blank.
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Speaker:
Okay, I think I said Virginia.
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Speaker:
Yeah.
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Speaker:
Is it Virginia?
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I think it is.
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Virginia.
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Speaker:
It's not.
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Speaker:
Yeah, it's North Carolina.
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Speaker:
Oh, okay.
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North Carolina.
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And the other one.
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How many settlers you said?
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You said one.
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Thirty seven.
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What do you think?
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Speaker:
Wait.
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Speaker:
I thought it was a number less
than fifty.
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No one fifty.
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Speaker:
Oh, a number less than one
fifty.
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Speaker:
Mhm.
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Speaker:
Mhm.
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Speaker:
No, I think it was less.
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Speaker:
Yeah.
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Speaker:
It was one fifteen.
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Speaker:
Okay.
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Speaker:
Yeah.
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Speaker:
unlike earlier attempts this
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group actually included women
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and children.
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Speaker:
So this was England's first
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serious attempt at permanent
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settlement.
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A permanent settlement.
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Speaker:
Hilarious that they thought they
could do it with just soldiers.
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Speaker:
I know, right?
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Like society would be just fine
if it was just only soldiers.
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Speaker:
Bunch of shoulders.
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And carry on the line via.
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I don't know.
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Speaker:
Hmm.
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Speaker:
Okay.
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Speaker:
The colony was led by John
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White, an artist and mapmaker
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who was more familiar with the
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region.
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He had been on the original
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expedition in fifteen eighty
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five.
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Speaker:
So he's a mapmaker, and he was
on that original expedition, so
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he kind of knew the lay of the
land a little bit more than
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other people would.
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Speaker:
So at least they have someone
qualified.
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Speaker:
Yeah.
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00:07:57,139 --> 00:07:58,339
Speaker:
Somebody knowledgeable.
244
00:07:58,339 --> 00:07:59,100
Speaker:
Yeah.
245
00:07:59,100 --> 00:07:59,660
Speaker:
Okay.
246
00:07:59,660 --> 00:08:02,420
Speaker:
Shortly after arrival, John
247
00:08:02,420 --> 00:08:05,779
Speaker:
White's daughter gave birth to a
248
00:08:05,779 --> 00:08:10,439
Speaker:
baby named Virginia Dare, who
249
00:08:10,439 --> 00:08:14,579
Speaker:
you may know as being the first
250
00:08:14,579 --> 00:08:16,620
Speaker:
English child born on North
251
00:08:16,620 --> 00:08:17,980
Speaker:
American soil.
252
00:08:17,980 --> 00:08:18,939
Speaker:
Yeah, I totally knew that.
253
00:08:18,939 --> 00:08:21,180
Speaker:
You would not know that, because
you wouldn't know that.
254
00:08:21,180 --> 00:08:22,699
Speaker:
But maybe other people might.
255
00:08:22,699 --> 00:08:24,500
Speaker:
I totally knew that.
256
00:08:24,500 --> 00:08:24,740
Speaker:
Yeah.
257
00:08:24,740 --> 00:08:27,379
Speaker:
I can't believe you don't
believe me.
258
00:08:27,379 --> 00:08:29,300
Speaker:
Start quizzing you on these
things.
259
00:08:29,300 --> 00:08:32,580
Speaker:
Yeah, that would be fun.
260
00:08:32,580 --> 00:08:33,139
Speaker:
Okay.
261
00:08:33,139 --> 00:08:35,899
Speaker:
Yeah, like quizzes on our past
topics.
262
00:08:35,899 --> 00:08:36,779
Speaker:
Yeah.
263
00:08:38,700 --> 00:08:42,840
Speaker:
Okay, so there were a variety of
problems with this new mission
264
00:08:42,840 --> 00:08:44,279
Speaker:
to develop a new colony.
265
00:08:44,279 --> 00:08:45,919
Speaker:
first, the supplies were
266
00:08:45,919 --> 00:08:48,320
Speaker:
limited, which I feel like is
267
00:08:48,320 --> 00:08:50,720
Speaker:
just a chronic problem that we
268
00:08:50,720 --> 00:08:52,799
Speaker:
feel that we run into on this
269
00:08:52,799 --> 00:08:53,679
Speaker:
podcast.
270
00:08:53,679 --> 00:08:56,639
Speaker:
Supplies, supplies and some
supplies.
271
00:08:56,639 --> 00:08:57,240
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah.
272
00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:01,039
Speaker:
This is also reminding me of,
Oregon Trail.
273
00:09:01,039 --> 00:09:01,519
Speaker:
Right.
274
00:09:01,519 --> 00:09:02,840
Speaker:
Yeah, exactly.
275
00:09:02,840 --> 00:09:07,159
Speaker:
There's, like, a remastered
version of Oregon Trail on the.
276
00:09:07,159 --> 00:09:08,360
Speaker:
Oh, really?
277
00:09:08,360 --> 00:09:11,240
Speaker:
Like that you can get for modern
consoles.
278
00:09:11,240 --> 00:09:11,840
Speaker:
Mhm.
279
00:09:11,840 --> 00:09:14,759
Speaker:
And my partner has become
obsessed with it.
280
00:09:14,759 --> 00:09:17,200
Speaker:
She's playing oh my God all the
time.
281
00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:21,320
Speaker:
And she keeps texting me like my
party's not doing well.
282
00:09:21,320 --> 00:09:25,039
Speaker:
I think one of them got
dysentery and the other one was
283
00:09:25,039 --> 00:09:26,559
Speaker:
forlorn and left.
284
00:09:26,559 --> 00:09:28,279
Speaker:
And now they're all starving.
285
00:09:32,019 --> 00:09:34,259
Speaker:
Yes, that's pretty familiar.
286
00:09:34,259 --> 00:09:34,700
Speaker:
Yeah.
287
00:09:34,700 --> 00:09:37,440
Speaker:
supplies were limited, and also
288
00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:39,200
Speaker:
relations with some of the
289
00:09:39,200 --> 00:09:41,440
Speaker:
tribes were strained due to past
290
00:09:41,440 --> 00:09:42,320
Speaker:
violence.
291
00:09:42,320 --> 00:09:44,159
Speaker:
Um, as you can imagine.
292
00:09:44,159 --> 00:09:45,759
Speaker:
Uh, yeah.
293
00:09:45,759 --> 00:09:48,960
Speaker:
So also, the colony was not
294
00:09:48,960 --> 00:09:50,940
Speaker:
established at its originally
295
00:09:50,940 --> 00:09:53,200
Speaker:
intended location near the
296
00:09:53,200 --> 00:09:55,480
Speaker:
Chesapeake Bay.
297
00:09:55,480 --> 00:09:59,519
Speaker:
So it wasn't where it was
supposed to be.
298
00:09:59,519 --> 00:10:03,179
Speaker:
Yeah, I was supposed to be
closer to the Chesapeake Bay, I
299
00:10:03,179 --> 00:10:06,320
Speaker:
guess, and they ended up where
they ended up.
300
00:10:06,320 --> 00:10:09,399
Speaker:
So I don't think they knew quite
as much about the area.
301
00:10:09,399 --> 00:10:11,080
Speaker:
Yeah, maybe they weren't close
302
00:10:11,080 --> 00:10:12,399
Speaker:
to water, which is probably
303
00:10:12,399 --> 00:10:12,879
Speaker:
important.
304
00:10:12,879 --> 00:10:14,559
Speaker:
They were close to water.
305
00:10:14,559 --> 00:10:19,940
Speaker:
It was on an island, but I think
they just didn't know, like
306
00:10:19,940 --> 00:10:22,980
Speaker:
anything about that area because
they land in the wrong spot.
307
00:10:22,980 --> 00:10:23,779
Speaker:
So what?
308
00:10:23,779 --> 00:10:27,139
Speaker:
This colony is precarious
situation.
309
00:10:27,139 --> 00:10:32,019
Speaker:
The settlers persuaded John
White, who was kind of become
310
00:10:32,019 --> 00:10:34,019
Speaker:
like the governor of the colony.
311
00:10:34,019 --> 00:10:36,179
Speaker:
I guess they persuaded John
312
00:10:36,179 --> 00:10:38,539
Speaker:
White to return to England for
313
00:10:38,539 --> 00:10:39,860
Speaker:
supplies.
314
00:10:39,860 --> 00:10:41,299
Speaker:
Oh, yeah.
315
00:10:41,299 --> 00:10:46,120
Speaker:
Okay, so John White left in late
316
00:10:46,120 --> 00:10:49,840
Speaker:
fifteen eighty seven, and he
317
00:10:49,840 --> 00:10:51,139
Speaker:
expected to return pretty
318
00:10:51,139 --> 00:10:51,620
Speaker:
quickly.
319
00:10:51,620 --> 00:10:57,259
Speaker:
But before leaving, he and the
colonists had agreed on a plan.
320
00:10:57,259 --> 00:11:00,940
Speaker:
Um, if they relocated, they
321
00:11:00,940 --> 00:11:03,059
Speaker:
would carve the name of their
322
00:11:03,059 --> 00:11:06,139
Speaker:
destination into something for
323
00:11:06,139 --> 00:11:06,899
Speaker:
him.
324
00:11:06,899 --> 00:11:09,179
Speaker:
Oh, yeah.
325
00:11:09,179 --> 00:11:10,860
Speaker:
this one has a lab libs in it.
326
00:11:10,860 --> 00:11:16,419
Speaker:
If they were under duress, they
would carve a Maltese blank.
327
00:11:16,419 --> 00:11:19,899
Speaker:
And you sign a smiley face,
328
00:11:19,899 --> 00:11:22,419
Speaker:
which I think I think that
329
00:11:22,419 --> 00:11:24,120
Speaker:
probably would be a confusing
330
00:11:24,120 --> 00:11:27,019
Speaker:
messaging if they were under
331
00:11:27,019 --> 00:11:27,820
Speaker:
duress.
332
00:11:27,820 --> 00:11:30,700
Speaker:
If they were under duress, they
would put a smiley face.
333
00:11:30,700 --> 00:11:31,419
Speaker:
Yeah.
334
00:11:34,340 --> 00:11:36,179
Speaker:
Do you have any other ideas?
335
00:11:36,179 --> 00:11:38,259
Speaker:
What was the word you just said?
336
00:11:38,259 --> 00:11:39,379
Speaker:
Maltese.
337
00:11:39,379 --> 00:11:45,360
Speaker:
Like the country, but maybe like
a flower or A snake?
338
00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:46,799
Speaker:
it's a cross.
339
00:11:46,799 --> 00:11:47,600
Speaker:
A cross?
340
00:11:47,600 --> 00:11:48,600
Speaker:
Yes.
341
00:11:48,600 --> 00:11:50,360
Speaker:
A distinctive eight pointed
342
00:11:50,360 --> 00:11:53,240
Speaker:
cross with four V or arrowhead
343
00:11:53,240 --> 00:11:54,480
Speaker:
shaped arms.
344
00:11:54,480 --> 00:11:54,919
Speaker:
Why?
345
00:11:54,919 --> 00:11:56,879
Speaker:
I don't know, and it seems I'm
346
00:11:56,879 --> 00:11:58,820
Speaker:
about to show it to you, but it
347
00:11:58,820 --> 00:12:00,620
Speaker:
seems like it's not what you
348
00:12:00,620 --> 00:12:02,320
Speaker:
would want to try and carve if
349
00:12:02,320 --> 00:12:02,659
Speaker:
you.
350
00:12:02,659 --> 00:12:04,460
Speaker:
That's exactly what I was just
going to say.
351
00:12:04,460 --> 00:12:07,679
Speaker:
You'd think if you were under
duress and you were trying to,
352
00:12:07,679 --> 00:12:13,600
Speaker:
like, survive, you would think
of a symbol to carve in that is
353
00:12:13,600 --> 00:12:15,659
Speaker:
a little more simple.
354
00:12:15,659 --> 00:12:15,980
Speaker:
Yeah.
355
00:12:15,980 --> 00:12:19,460
Speaker:
You know, like, why not just a
frowny face?
356
00:12:19,460 --> 00:12:20,580
Speaker:
Frowny face would be good.
357
00:12:20,580 --> 00:12:23,340
Speaker:
Or like, what about like, a
Christian cross?
358
00:12:23,340 --> 00:12:24,500
Speaker:
Like something like that.
359
00:12:24,500 --> 00:12:29,059
Speaker:
Just like an easy line and line,
I suppose that.
360
00:12:29,059 --> 00:12:32,580
Speaker:
Maybe you would need to think of
something a little bit complex,
361
00:12:32,580 --> 00:12:38,100
Speaker:
because otherwise any random
naturally occurring marking
362
00:12:38,100 --> 00:12:43,360
Speaker:
could be, accidentally mistaken
for a message.
363
00:12:43,360 --> 00:12:44,200
Speaker:
Yeah, I don't know.
364
00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:46,120
Speaker:
It just it seems a little
complicated to me.
365
00:12:46,120 --> 00:12:47,620
Speaker:
So I'm going to show it to you
real quick.
366
00:12:47,620 --> 00:12:48,139
Speaker:
Okay.
367
00:12:48,139 --> 00:12:53,299
Speaker:
Oh, that seems like a little too
much detail to carve.
368
00:12:53,299 --> 00:12:55,539
Speaker:
It seems like under duress,
right?
369
00:12:55,539 --> 00:12:55,980
Speaker:
Yeah.
370
00:12:55,980 --> 00:12:56,419
Speaker:
It does.
371
00:12:56,419 --> 00:12:56,899
Speaker:
Yeah.
372
00:12:56,899 --> 00:12:57,379
Speaker:
Okay.
373
00:12:57,379 --> 00:12:59,620
Speaker:
well, as you could probably
374
00:12:59,620 --> 00:13:02,740
Speaker:
predict, White's return was
375
00:13:02,740 --> 00:13:04,179
Speaker:
delayed.
376
00:13:04,179 --> 00:13:05,019
Speaker:
Uh, lab.
377
00:13:05,019 --> 00:13:05,419
Speaker:
Lab's.
378
00:13:05,419 --> 00:13:11,539
Speaker:
I gave you a number less than
five, and it was delayed for
379
00:13:11,539 --> 00:13:14,139
Speaker:
nearly blank years.
380
00:13:14,139 --> 00:13:16,299
Speaker:
You said three point seven.
381
00:13:16,299 --> 00:13:17,620
Speaker:
So maybe I was right.
382
00:13:17,620 --> 00:13:19,539
Speaker:
Nearly four years.
383
00:13:19,539 --> 00:13:20,659
Speaker:
Nearly four years.
384
00:13:20,659 --> 00:13:21,379
Speaker:
It was three.
385
00:13:21,379 --> 00:13:22,740
Speaker:
Nearly three years.
386
00:13:22,740 --> 00:13:23,340
Speaker:
Mhm.
387
00:13:23,340 --> 00:13:23,940
Speaker:
Okay.
388
00:13:23,940 --> 00:13:27,659
Speaker:
This was mostly due to the
Anglo-Spanish War.
389
00:13:27,659 --> 00:13:31,840
Speaker:
so he got caught up in the war
proceedings and then there was
390
00:13:31,840 --> 00:13:35,720
Speaker:
like Spanish Armada and stuff
like that, which I don't know
391
00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:40,679
Speaker:
exactly what that is, but I
think it has to do with ships.
392
00:13:40,679 --> 00:13:41,200
Speaker:
Maybe.
393
00:13:41,200 --> 00:13:43,279
Speaker:
Yeah, maybe they were blocking.
394
00:13:43,279 --> 00:13:44,200
Speaker:
Yeah.
395
00:13:44,200 --> 00:13:45,580
Speaker:
I think it was just probably not
396
00:13:45,580 --> 00:13:47,759
Speaker:
like, safe to sail, right, I
397
00:13:47,759 --> 00:13:48,559
Speaker:
imagine.
398
00:13:48,559 --> 00:13:48,919
Speaker:
Right.
399
00:13:48,919 --> 00:13:52,879
Speaker:
So I'm guessing his settlement
wasn't there when he returned.
400
00:13:52,879 --> 00:13:53,360
Speaker:
Right.
401
00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:53,679
Speaker:
Okay.
402
00:13:53,679 --> 00:13:54,000
Speaker:
Yeah.
403
00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:56,299
Speaker:
Well, when white returned to
404
00:13:56,299 --> 00:14:00,000
Speaker:
Roanoke in fifteen ninety, he
405
00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:02,139
Speaker:
found an unexpected and slightly
406
00:14:02,139 --> 00:14:03,000
Speaker:
eerie scene.
407
00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:04,799
Speaker:
The settlement was completely
408
00:14:04,799 --> 00:14:07,240
Speaker:
abandoned, but the buildings had
409
00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:09,679
Speaker:
been carefully dismantled and
410
00:14:09,679 --> 00:14:11,399
Speaker:
not destroyed.
411
00:14:11,399 --> 00:14:14,960
Speaker:
There were no bodies, no
weapons, no signs of violence.
412
00:14:14,960 --> 00:14:15,679
Speaker:
Okay.
413
00:14:15,679 --> 00:14:20,240
Speaker:
Oh, I forgot to give you a
little fun fact.
414
00:14:20,240 --> 00:14:25,019
Speaker:
There's going to be several
Words in here that I'm going to
415
00:14:25,019 --> 00:14:27,740
Speaker:
struggle and the struggle is
going to be.
416
00:14:30,899 --> 00:14:34,340
Speaker:
Oh, it's like, oh yes, of course
I would pick a story with all of
417
00:14:34,340 --> 00:14:38,419
Speaker:
these, like indigenous words and
oh my God, I hope it doesn't
418
00:14:38,419 --> 00:14:41,460
Speaker:
come off too racist because I'm
not good at this.
419
00:14:41,460 --> 00:14:42,019
Speaker:
Oh, God.
420
00:14:42,019 --> 00:14:43,139
Speaker:
I'm sorry.
421
00:14:43,139 --> 00:14:43,740
Speaker:
Okay.
422
00:14:43,740 --> 00:14:48,980
Speaker:
The word Croatoan was carved
into a wooden post.
423
00:14:48,980 --> 00:14:49,980
Speaker:
I think that's right.
424
00:14:49,980 --> 00:14:52,919
Speaker:
Croatoan, I think so, and the
425
00:14:52,919 --> 00:14:56,559
Speaker:
letters C, r, o were carved into
426
00:14:56,559 --> 00:14:57,159
Speaker:
a tree.
427
00:14:57,159 --> 00:14:58,480
Speaker:
Maybe someone didn't finish.
428
00:14:58,480 --> 00:14:59,600
Speaker:
Yeah, I don't know.
429
00:14:59,600 --> 00:15:02,639
Speaker:
Yeah, I know one wooden post and
then CRO.
430
00:15:02,639 --> 00:15:04,039
Speaker:
I don't know what that's
supposed to mean.
431
00:15:04,039 --> 00:15:07,440
Speaker:
They wanted to carve it twice.
432
00:15:07,440 --> 00:15:09,480
Speaker:
Mm. It's so nice to carve it
twice.
433
00:15:09,480 --> 00:15:09,639
Speaker:
Wait.
434
00:15:09,639 --> 00:15:12,200
Speaker:
If they were just gonna carve
letters anyways, why'd they need
435
00:15:12,200 --> 00:15:13,120
Speaker:
that cross symbol?
436
00:15:13,120 --> 00:15:16,820
Speaker:
If they were under duress, why
wouldn't they just write duress?
437
00:15:16,820 --> 00:15:21,220
Speaker:
Duress or attacked or.
438
00:15:21,220 --> 00:15:24,620
Speaker:
I'm starting to think maybe this
wasn't the most brilliant party.
439
00:15:24,620 --> 00:15:28,460
Speaker:
S.O.S. or help or anything.
440
00:15:28,460 --> 00:15:31,460
Speaker:
You know, imagine you get back.
441
00:15:31,460 --> 00:15:32,019
Speaker:
Help!
442
00:15:35,620 --> 00:15:36,740
Speaker:
Oh, okay.
443
00:15:36,740 --> 00:15:39,019
Speaker:
Well, yeah, that cross seems
unnecessary.
444
00:15:39,019 --> 00:15:41,139
Speaker:
Like it's stupid.
445
00:15:41,139 --> 00:15:41,860
Speaker:
Okay, okay.
446
00:15:41,860 --> 00:15:43,879
Speaker:
So white took this to mean,
447
00:15:43,879 --> 00:15:47,580
Speaker:
Croatoan Island, which is modern
448
00:15:47,580 --> 00:15:50,539
Speaker:
day Hatteras Island, and he
449
00:15:50,539 --> 00:15:52,179
Speaker:
attempted to sail to the
450
00:15:52,179 --> 00:15:53,419
Speaker:
Croatoan Island.
451
00:15:53,419 --> 00:15:55,379
Speaker:
Is that very far from.
452
00:15:55,379 --> 00:15:57,139
Speaker:
I don't think it was too far.
453
00:15:57,139 --> 00:15:57,340
Speaker:
Okay.
454
00:15:57,340 --> 00:15:58,820
Speaker:
I don't think it was too far.
455
00:15:58,820 --> 00:16:01,659
Speaker:
Um. I'm sure he definitely.
456
00:16:01,659 --> 00:16:02,860
Speaker:
His family was there.
457
00:16:02,860 --> 00:16:06,539
Speaker:
Keep in mind, like Virginia Dare
was the first baby born.
458
00:16:06,539 --> 00:16:09,019
Speaker:
Like that was his grandchild,
right?
459
00:16:09,019 --> 00:16:12,500
Speaker:
So he came back and his family's
gone, too, you know?
460
00:16:12,500 --> 00:16:15,879
Speaker:
So he was trying to go out and,
like, look for them.
461
00:16:15,879 --> 00:16:17,080
Speaker:
Yeah, exactly.
462
00:16:17,080 --> 00:16:19,639
Speaker:
But there was a lot of storms.
463
00:16:19,639 --> 00:16:22,679
Speaker:
And so he ended up having to
just go back to England.
464
00:16:22,679 --> 00:16:26,519
Speaker:
I guess he couldn't navigate
where he needed to navigate.
465
00:16:26,519 --> 00:16:27,440
Speaker:
I would think so.
466
00:16:27,440 --> 00:16:28,799
Speaker:
He went all the way back to
England.
467
00:16:28,799 --> 00:16:29,279
Speaker:
Right.
468
00:16:29,279 --> 00:16:30,679
Speaker:
See, that doesn't make any
sense.
469
00:16:30,679 --> 00:16:32,799
Speaker:
But that's what it said.
470
00:16:32,799 --> 00:16:33,360
Speaker:
What?
471
00:16:33,360 --> 00:16:33,759
Speaker:
Yeah.
472
00:16:33,759 --> 00:16:34,919
Speaker:
It's stupid.
473
00:16:34,919 --> 00:16:37,799
Speaker:
He was just like, oh, well,
they're lost, I guess.
474
00:16:37,799 --> 00:16:38,840
Speaker:
Oh, man.
475
00:16:38,840 --> 00:16:40,279
Speaker:
I'll go get a new family.
476
00:16:40,279 --> 00:16:42,120
Speaker:
God, people are weird.
477
00:16:42,120 --> 00:16:42,600
Speaker:
I know.
478
00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:43,159
Speaker:
Okay.
479
00:16:43,159 --> 00:16:45,600
Speaker:
He would never return to
America.
480
00:16:45,600 --> 00:16:46,039
Speaker:
Wow.
481
00:16:46,039 --> 00:16:50,120
Speaker:
And this began one of history's
greatest mysteries.
482
00:16:50,120 --> 00:16:51,919
Speaker:
Oh, where'd they go?
483
00:16:51,919 --> 00:16:53,000
Speaker:
Right.
484
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:53,360
Speaker:
Huh?
485
00:16:53,360 --> 00:16:58,159
Speaker:
For centuries, many explanations
have been floated, ranging from
486
00:16:58,159 --> 00:17:00,840
Speaker:
plausible to fantastical.
487
00:17:00,840 --> 00:17:01,320
Speaker:
Right.
488
00:17:01,320 --> 00:17:06,980
Speaker:
massacre by hostile tribes,
starvation, Spanish attacks.
489
00:17:06,980 --> 00:17:10,500
Speaker:
Really all seems likely
relocation inland.
490
00:17:12,140 --> 00:17:16,220
Speaker:
And then, you know, some
supernatural.
491
00:17:16,220 --> 00:17:16,740
Speaker:
Yeah.
492
00:17:16,740 --> 00:17:17,579
Speaker:
Alien abduction?
493
00:17:17,579 --> 00:17:19,140
Speaker:
Yeah, I was thinking.
494
00:17:19,140 --> 00:17:22,839
Speaker:
I really thought more like, I
think fairies.
495
00:17:22,839 --> 00:17:23,799
Speaker:
Fairies?
496
00:17:23,799 --> 00:17:24,440
Speaker:
Yeah.
497
00:17:24,440 --> 00:17:28,880
Speaker:
I mean, I came up with that y
prediction on my own.
498
00:17:29,960 --> 00:17:32,960
Speaker:
Fairies are so much cooler than
aliens, I think.
499
00:17:32,960 --> 00:17:35,000
Speaker:
Okay, I would like to go to
Faerie.
500
00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:35,480
Speaker:
Yeah.
501
00:17:35,480 --> 00:17:36,920
Speaker:
You get affected by fairies
502
00:17:36,920 --> 00:17:38,079
Speaker:
before you get abducted by
503
00:17:38,079 --> 00:17:38,759
Speaker:
aliens.
504
00:17:38,759 --> 00:17:39,759
Speaker:
Yeah.
505
00:17:39,759 --> 00:17:43,200
Speaker:
Um, they can fly the fey or,
like.
506
00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:45,000
Speaker:
I know they're not to be trifled
507
00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:47,920
Speaker:
with for sure, but I don't know
508
00:17:47,920 --> 00:17:50,549
Speaker:
either that or, like, some,
509
00:17:50,549 --> 00:17:52,269
Speaker:
trolls maybe.
510
00:17:52,269 --> 00:17:53,470
Speaker:
No, they're mean to.
511
00:17:53,470 --> 00:17:54,470
Speaker:
Yeah.
512
00:17:54,470 --> 00:18:01,029
Speaker:
Don't call the fe mean we
support the Fe on this show.
513
00:18:01,029 --> 00:18:03,630
Speaker:
We support our allies.
514
00:18:03,630 --> 00:18:04,789
Speaker:
Our friends.
515
00:18:04,789 --> 00:18:05,190
Speaker:
Friends.
516
00:18:05,190 --> 00:18:05,829
Speaker:
Okay.
517
00:18:05,829 --> 00:18:06,190
Speaker:
Yeah.
518
00:18:06,190 --> 00:18:09,630
Speaker:
Well, I think I think I'd go for
519
00:18:09,630 --> 00:18:11,349
Speaker:
alien abduction if you would go
520
00:18:11,349 --> 00:18:12,029
Speaker:
for alien.
521
00:18:12,029 --> 00:18:15,630
Speaker:
Yeah, like I want to see space.
522
00:18:15,630 --> 00:18:19,109
Speaker:
Um, and I'm not trying to, like,
get turned into a little
523
00:18:19,109 --> 00:18:22,789
Speaker:
butterfly or lose my butt.
524
00:18:22,789 --> 00:18:25,230
Speaker:
This is already, like, a whole
new world to them.
525
00:18:25,230 --> 00:18:28,470
Speaker:
Why would they want to then jump
to another whole new world?
526
00:18:28,470 --> 00:18:31,549
Speaker:
I don't think they chose to be
abducted by aliens.
527
00:18:31,549 --> 00:18:35,029
Speaker:
I was just saying, if I had to
choose between being abducted by
528
00:18:35,029 --> 00:18:36,589
Speaker:
the fey and abducted by aliens.
529
00:18:36,589 --> 00:18:38,549
Speaker:
Oh, yeah, I think I'd go to
space.
530
00:18:38,549 --> 00:18:41,029
Speaker:
No, no, I want to go with the
fair.
531
00:18:41,029 --> 00:18:42,190
Speaker:
I don't know the Fey.
532
00:18:42,190 --> 00:18:43,650
Speaker:
That'd be probably be fun, too.
533
00:18:43,650 --> 00:18:44,609
Speaker:
Yeah.
534
00:18:44,609 --> 00:18:46,369
Speaker:
Maybe you get power.
535
00:18:46,369 --> 00:18:47,490
Speaker:
Mhm.
536
00:18:47,490 --> 00:18:49,009
Speaker:
Mhm.
537
00:18:49,009 --> 00:18:49,690
Speaker:
Yeah.
538
00:18:49,690 --> 00:18:50,009
Speaker:
Okay.
539
00:18:50,009 --> 00:18:50,569
Speaker:
Okay.
540
00:18:50,569 --> 00:18:53,210
Speaker:
So some early colonists at
541
00:18:53,210 --> 00:18:55,329
Speaker:
Jamestown did report native
542
00:18:55,329 --> 00:18:58,529
Speaker:
peoples with European features
543
00:18:58,529 --> 00:19:01,190
Speaker:
like gray eyes and claims of
544
00:19:01,190 --> 00:19:03,970
Speaker:
English ancestry.
545
00:19:03,970 --> 00:19:04,609
Speaker:
Mhm.
546
00:19:04,609 --> 00:19:10,089
Speaker:
So um, others described
indigenous villages that had
547
00:19:10,089 --> 00:19:13,970
Speaker:
some like English style houses
and metal tools.
548
00:19:13,970 --> 00:19:18,170
Speaker:
Oh. So it's possible that they
kind of incorporated themselves
549
00:19:18,170 --> 00:19:22,529
Speaker:
into indigenous settlements or
not settlements but.
550
00:19:22,529 --> 00:19:22,930
Speaker:
Right.
551
00:19:22,930 --> 00:19:25,289
Speaker:
Towns and villages or whatever.
552
00:19:25,289 --> 00:19:26,049
Speaker:
Yeah.
553
00:19:26,049 --> 00:19:28,430
Speaker:
but for a long time, these
554
00:19:28,430 --> 00:19:30,789
Speaker:
stories were just dismissed as
555
00:19:30,789 --> 00:19:31,430
Speaker:
rumor.
556
00:19:31,430 --> 00:19:36,309
Speaker:
Like, oh, I met a guy that had
gray eyes, and he was living
557
00:19:36,309 --> 00:19:37,670
Speaker:
with the Native Americans.
558
00:19:37,670 --> 00:19:39,069
Speaker:
Like, people didn't buy it.
559
00:19:39,069 --> 00:19:40,029
Speaker:
You know what I mean?
560
00:19:40,029 --> 00:19:40,509
Speaker:
Sure.
561
00:19:40,509 --> 00:19:44,950
Speaker:
Um, it's crazy, but one of the
562
00:19:44,950 --> 00:19:46,269
Speaker:
most important scientific
563
00:19:46,269 --> 00:19:48,190
Speaker:
contributions to a Roanoke
564
00:19:48,190 --> 00:19:51,130
Speaker:
mystery, to the Roanoke mystery
565
00:19:51,130 --> 00:19:53,950
Speaker:
didn't come from archaeology,
566
00:19:53,950 --> 00:19:56,009
Speaker:
but it actually came from
567
00:19:56,009 --> 00:19:57,710
Speaker:
climate science.
568
00:19:57,710 --> 00:19:58,269
Speaker:
Really?
569
00:19:58,269 --> 00:19:59,109
Speaker:
Yeah.
570
00:19:59,109 --> 00:20:03,750
Speaker:
So your next lab lib is It's
going to be really obvious once
571
00:20:03,750 --> 00:20:04,589
Speaker:
I read it, but.
572
00:20:04,589 --> 00:20:04,869
Speaker:
Okay.
573
00:20:04,869 --> 00:20:05,190
Speaker:
Okay.
574
00:20:05,190 --> 00:20:05,910
Speaker:
It's a plant.
575
00:20:05,910 --> 00:20:07,869
Speaker:
And you said a flower.
576
00:20:07,869 --> 00:20:08,670
Speaker:
Okay.
577
00:20:08,670 --> 00:20:14,230
Speaker:
Using blank ring analysis,
researchers discovered that the
578
00:20:14,230 --> 00:20:20,890
Speaker:
Roanoke region would have
experienced a severe drought
579
00:20:20,890 --> 00:20:26,170
Speaker:
from fifteen eighty seven to
fifteen eighty nine.
580
00:20:26,170 --> 00:20:28,329
Speaker:
Oh, well.
581
00:20:28,329 --> 00:20:29,369
Speaker:
Tree rings.
582
00:20:29,369 --> 00:20:30,130
Speaker:
Tree rings.
583
00:20:30,130 --> 00:20:30,890
Speaker:
That's right.
584
00:20:30,890 --> 00:20:34,410
Speaker:
So there was a big drought.
585
00:20:34,410 --> 00:20:36,210
Speaker:
They had to leave because
there's no water.
586
00:20:36,210 --> 00:20:37,289
Speaker:
Right.
587
00:20:37,289 --> 00:20:40,049
Speaker:
And that's going to be the
predominant theory.
588
00:20:40,049 --> 00:20:41,170
Speaker:
Okay.
589
00:20:41,170 --> 00:20:42,250
Speaker:
Oh, not just.
590
00:20:42,250 --> 00:20:44,369
Speaker:
Yeah, water, but crops and all.
591
00:20:44,369 --> 00:20:45,329
Speaker:
Yeah, exactly.
592
00:20:45,329 --> 00:20:47,390
Speaker:
this is your next lab libs, a
593
00:20:47,390 --> 00:20:48,789
Speaker:
number between five hundred and
594
00:20:48,789 --> 00:20:49,470
Speaker:
nine hundred.
595
00:20:49,470 --> 00:20:53,509
Speaker:
You said six hundred and seventy
three.
596
00:20:53,509 --> 00:20:56,190
Speaker:
So you told me this was the
597
00:20:56,190 --> 00:20:59,009
Speaker:
worst drought in nearly blank
598
00:20:59,009 --> 00:21:00,309
Speaker:
years.
599
00:21:00,309 --> 00:21:02,869
Speaker:
How many years do you think it
was?
600
00:21:02,869 --> 00:21:04,670
Speaker:
What is the range again?
601
00:21:04,670 --> 00:21:07,150
Speaker:
Five hundred to nine hundred.
602
00:21:07,150 --> 00:21:10,150
Speaker:
And you said six hundred seventy
three.
603
00:21:10,150 --> 00:21:13,589
Speaker:
Um, I'd say maybe it's somewhere
604
00:21:13,589 --> 00:21:15,329
Speaker:
around like six to seven
605
00:21:15,329 --> 00:21:15,910
Speaker:
hundred.
606
00:21:15,910 --> 00:21:17,710
Speaker:
Yeah, it's eight hundred.
607
00:21:17,710 --> 00:21:18,230
Speaker:
Really?
608
00:21:18,230 --> 00:21:20,809
Speaker:
It's the worst drought in eight
hundred years.
609
00:21:20,809 --> 00:21:21,089
Speaker:
Yeah.
610
00:21:21,089 --> 00:21:22,809
Speaker:
And they can tell that by the
tree rings.
611
00:21:22,809 --> 00:21:24,289
Speaker:
I suppose so.
612
00:21:24,289 --> 00:21:26,329
Speaker:
Probably other stuff too, I
imagine.
613
00:21:26,329 --> 00:21:29,890
Speaker:
But, so as we were saying, this
drought would have devastated
614
00:21:29,890 --> 00:21:35,970
Speaker:
crops and increased dependency
on, like, the indigenous peoples
615
00:21:35,970 --> 00:21:41,529
Speaker:
food supplies and, would make
Roanoke Island kind of unstable
616
00:21:41,529 --> 00:21:43,930
Speaker:
for a large English population.
617
00:21:45,329 --> 00:21:47,130
Speaker:
Okay, that makes sense.
618
00:21:47,130 --> 00:21:50,250
Speaker:
Then they would have to have
left.
619
00:21:50,250 --> 00:21:51,750
Speaker:
Maybe they planned to leave
620
00:21:51,750 --> 00:21:53,450
Speaker:
because like you said in the
621
00:21:53,450 --> 00:21:54,809
Speaker:
beginning, there wasn't violence
622
00:21:54,809 --> 00:21:56,690
Speaker:
and they had dismantled some of
623
00:21:56,690 --> 00:21:57,769
Speaker:
the buildings.
624
00:21:57,769 --> 00:21:58,170
Speaker:
Right.
625
00:21:58,170 --> 00:22:00,130
Speaker:
Maybe they were trying to take
stuff with them.
626
00:22:00,130 --> 00:22:00,529
Speaker:
Yeah.
627
00:22:00,529 --> 00:22:01,890
Speaker:
To rebuild somewhere else.
628
00:22:01,890 --> 00:22:02,450
Speaker:
Mhm.
629
00:22:02,450 --> 00:22:03,450
Speaker:
Yeah.
630
00:22:03,450 --> 00:22:04,690
Speaker:
Yeah.
631
00:22:04,690 --> 00:22:09,309
Speaker:
So. Or they had to use something
to pay the fe.
632
00:22:09,309 --> 00:22:10,670
Speaker:
That's true.
633
00:22:10,670 --> 00:22:12,109
Speaker:
That's true.
634
00:22:12,109 --> 00:22:12,710
Speaker:
Yeah.
635
00:22:12,710 --> 00:22:14,990
Speaker:
Okay, so this environmental
636
00:22:14,990 --> 00:22:16,549
Speaker:
stress, strongly supports the
637
00:22:16,549 --> 00:22:18,250
Speaker:
idea that the colonists had to
638
00:22:18,250 --> 00:22:21,170
Speaker:
leave, and not that they had
639
00:22:21,170 --> 00:22:23,910
Speaker:
just vanished suddenly, before
640
00:22:23,910 --> 00:22:25,750
Speaker:
any English ship came to the
641
00:22:25,750 --> 00:22:27,970
Speaker:
coastal region now known as
642
00:22:27,970 --> 00:22:29,509
Speaker:
North Carolina.
643
00:22:29,509 --> 00:22:33,109
Speaker:
It was home to many indigenous
societies.
644
00:22:33,109 --> 00:22:37,829
Speaker:
Okay, our Algonquian speaking
645
00:22:37,829 --> 00:22:40,630
Speaker:
peoples, including the Roanoke,
646
00:22:40,630 --> 00:22:42,349
Speaker:
the Croatoan.
647
00:22:46,109 --> 00:22:47,869
Speaker:
And let me see how to spell it.
648
00:22:47,869 --> 00:22:48,430
Speaker:
And.
649
00:22:50,710 --> 00:22:54,750
Speaker:
I feel like we should maybe look
up how to say these tribe names.
650
00:22:54,750 --> 00:22:57,549
Speaker:
I'm sorry, But like, it's so
much funnier.
651
00:22:57,549 --> 00:22:58,910
Speaker:
I think I'm pretty close.
652
00:22:58,910 --> 00:23:00,029
Speaker:
I think you're close.
653
00:23:00,029 --> 00:23:00,630
Speaker:
Yeah.
654
00:23:00,630 --> 00:23:02,109
Speaker:
Algonquin.
655
00:23:02,109 --> 00:23:02,869
Speaker:
That seems right.
656
00:23:02,869 --> 00:23:03,589
Speaker:
Yeah.
657
00:23:03,589 --> 00:23:04,269
Speaker:
Speaking.
658
00:23:04,269 --> 00:23:05,910
Speaker:
Peoples from, um.
659
00:23:05,910 --> 00:23:11,910
Speaker:
The Roanoke, the Roanoke, the
Croatoan, the.
660
00:23:13,630 --> 00:23:15,509
Speaker:
And Chowanoke.
661
00:23:16,829 --> 00:23:17,710
Speaker:
Sure.
662
00:23:17,710 --> 00:23:19,710
Speaker:
They lived in villages supported
663
00:23:19,710 --> 00:23:22,190
Speaker:
by fishing, farming and seasonal
664
00:23:22,190 --> 00:23:22,630
Speaker:
trade.
665
00:23:22,630 --> 00:23:23,230
Speaker:
Right.
666
00:23:23,230 --> 00:23:24,190
Speaker:
Mhm.
667
00:23:24,190 --> 00:23:26,910
Speaker:
They weren't isolated and they
668
00:23:26,910 --> 00:23:28,630
Speaker:
had political alliances,
669
00:23:28,630 --> 00:23:30,910
Speaker:
rivalries, diplomacy,
670
00:23:30,910 --> 00:23:32,470
Speaker:
everything.
671
00:23:32,470 --> 00:23:35,289
Speaker:
villagers often relocated
seasonally.
672
00:23:35,289 --> 00:23:36,130
Speaker:
Okay.
673
00:23:36,130 --> 00:23:40,230
Speaker:
The people were accustomed to
absorbing outsiders through
674
00:23:40,230 --> 00:23:43,509
Speaker:
adoption, marriage or alliance.
675
00:23:43,509 --> 00:23:48,230
Speaker:
This cultural flexibility would
later become central to one of
676
00:23:48,230 --> 00:23:53,150
Speaker:
the most compelling explanations
for the fate of the Lost Colony.
677
00:23:54,589 --> 00:23:55,509
Speaker:
Lost colony.
678
00:23:55,509 --> 00:24:00,789
Speaker:
I'm so shocked that you have had
no clue what the hell this is.
679
00:24:00,789 --> 00:24:05,470
Speaker:
I have heard of Roanoke, but the
lost colony of Roanoke.
680
00:24:05,470 --> 00:24:10,549
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah, but not like enough
to recognize it.
681
00:24:10,549 --> 00:24:10,869
Speaker:
Yeah.
682
00:24:10,869 --> 00:24:12,150
Speaker:
Anything that you're telling me?
683
00:24:12,150 --> 00:24:12,470
Speaker:
Yeah.
684
00:24:12,470 --> 00:24:12,990
Speaker:
Me neither.
685
00:24:12,990 --> 00:24:15,150
Speaker:
I didn't know any of this
either.
686
00:24:15,150 --> 00:24:17,670
Speaker:
I heard that name only.
687
00:24:17,670 --> 00:24:20,470
Speaker:
I don't know what what that
really meant.
688
00:24:20,470 --> 00:24:20,710
Speaker:
Yeah.
689
00:24:20,710 --> 00:24:23,150
Speaker:
And I, I think I kind of felt
like it was somebody saying
690
00:24:23,150 --> 00:24:24,589
Speaker:
something was supernatural, too.
691
00:24:24,589 --> 00:24:26,150
Speaker:
But, um.
692
00:24:27,150 --> 00:24:28,630
Speaker:
Hold on.
693
00:24:28,630 --> 00:24:29,630
Speaker:
It might make noise.
694
00:24:29,630 --> 00:24:30,309
Speaker:
Mhm.
695
00:24:47,289 --> 00:24:47,890
Speaker:
Okay.
696
00:24:50,569 --> 00:24:54,029
Speaker:
So, um, when Europeans arrived,
697
00:24:54,029 --> 00:24:56,289
Speaker:
they entered a densely populated
698
00:24:56,289 --> 00:24:58,049
Speaker:
and politically active
699
00:24:58,049 --> 00:24:59,609
Speaker:
landscape.
700
00:24:59,609 --> 00:25:00,609
Speaker:
Yeah.
701
00:25:00,609 --> 00:25:04,769
Speaker:
People live there before they
came.
702
00:25:04,769 --> 00:25:06,210
Speaker:
That's crazy.
703
00:25:06,210 --> 00:25:06,529
Speaker:
Huh?
704
00:25:06,529 --> 00:25:09,089
Speaker:
Um, yeah.
705
00:25:09,089 --> 00:25:11,329
Speaker:
So they thrived here and had,
706
00:25:11,329 --> 00:25:13,430
Speaker:
like, all kinds of customs and
707
00:25:13,430 --> 00:25:15,490
Speaker:
ways of living that made sense
708
00:25:15,490 --> 00:25:16,569
Speaker:
for the land and the
709
00:25:16,569 --> 00:25:17,410
Speaker:
environment.
710
00:25:17,410 --> 00:25:18,450
Speaker:
So shocking.
711
00:25:18,450 --> 00:25:19,049
Speaker:
Shocking.
712
00:25:19,049 --> 00:25:20,730
Speaker:
Nobody knew any of that.
713
00:25:22,609 --> 00:25:23,049
Speaker:
Okay.
714
00:25:23,049 --> 00:25:24,289
Speaker:
For much of the twentieth
715
00:25:24,289 --> 00:25:26,490
Speaker:
century, archaeologists,
716
00:25:26,490 --> 00:25:28,529
Speaker:
archaeologists were only
717
00:25:28,529 --> 00:25:31,410
Speaker:
searching for answers on Roanoke
718
00:25:31,410 --> 00:25:33,009
Speaker:
Island itself.
719
00:25:33,009 --> 00:25:35,410
Speaker:
And their results have been
pretty limited.
720
00:25:35,410 --> 00:25:37,740
Speaker:
But in the early two thousand,
721
00:25:37,740 --> 00:25:40,950
Speaker:
Researchers, particularly the
722
00:25:40,950 --> 00:25:44,430
Speaker:
First Colony Foundation, shifted
723
00:25:44,430 --> 00:25:46,150
Speaker:
strategies.
724
00:25:46,150 --> 00:25:47,950
Speaker:
They instead of asking what
725
00:25:47,950 --> 00:25:49,589
Speaker:
happened to Roanoke, they
726
00:25:49,589 --> 00:25:52,029
Speaker:
started asking, where could the
727
00:25:52,029 --> 00:25:53,849
Speaker:
colonists realistically have
728
00:25:53,849 --> 00:25:54,309
Speaker:
gone?
729
00:25:54,309 --> 00:25:56,190
Speaker:
And that kind of transformed the
730
00:25:56,190 --> 00:25:58,349
Speaker:
whole investigation into this
731
00:25:58,349 --> 00:25:59,710
Speaker:
lost colony.
732
00:25:59,710 --> 00:26:00,190
Speaker:
Right.
733
00:26:00,190 --> 00:26:02,829
Speaker:
One major focus became something
734
00:26:02,829 --> 00:26:05,950
Speaker:
known as site X. It's an inland
735
00:26:05,950 --> 00:26:09,950
Speaker:
location near the Albemarle
736
00:26:09,950 --> 00:26:11,029
Speaker:
Sound.
737
00:26:11,029 --> 00:26:17,289
Speaker:
I identified through reanalysis
of John White's maps using light
738
00:26:17,289 --> 00:26:18,869
Speaker:
tables and imaging.
739
00:26:18,869 --> 00:26:20,369
Speaker:
They actually found something
740
00:26:20,369 --> 00:26:22,470
Speaker:
like he had covered up
741
00:26:22,470 --> 00:26:23,509
Speaker:
something.
742
00:26:23,509 --> 00:26:24,490
Speaker:
And they found something
743
00:26:24,490 --> 00:26:26,750
Speaker:
underneath the cover by using
744
00:26:26,750 --> 00:26:28,630
Speaker:
whatever, like imaging and stuff
745
00:26:28,630 --> 00:26:30,190
Speaker:
they were using, they discovered
746
00:26:30,190 --> 00:26:32,849
Speaker:
that there was like something
747
00:26:32,849 --> 00:26:34,609
Speaker:
underneath an area that he had,
748
00:26:34,609 --> 00:26:36,490
Speaker:
like repaired.
749
00:26:36,490 --> 00:26:38,369
Speaker:
It was like a fort of some sort.
750
00:26:38,369 --> 00:26:39,009
Speaker:
Okay.
751
00:26:39,009 --> 00:26:42,450
Speaker:
Um, so he didn't cover it up on
purpose?
752
00:26:42,450 --> 00:26:45,549
Speaker:
I don't think he really didn't
think it was there anymore or
753
00:26:45,549 --> 00:26:48,049
Speaker:
didn't think it was there.
754
00:26:48,049 --> 00:26:50,289
Speaker:
Just in general.
755
00:26:50,289 --> 00:26:51,569
Speaker:
Like he changed the map.
756
00:26:51,569 --> 00:26:52,650
Speaker:
Oh, I see.
757
00:26:52,650 --> 00:26:59,970
Speaker:
then archaeology survey and
excavation at site X. this is
758
00:26:59,970 --> 00:27:01,809
Speaker:
all lab labs in this one.
759
00:27:01,809 --> 00:27:05,289
Speaker:
an item that an archaeologist
might find.
760
00:27:05,289 --> 00:27:09,049
Speaker:
at site X, archaeologists
uncovered English blank.
761
00:27:09,049 --> 00:27:13,690
Speaker:
Metal objects such as tools and
clothing fasteners.
762
00:27:15,529 --> 00:27:16,049
Speaker:
Huh?
763
00:27:17,130 --> 00:27:18,130
Speaker:
Do you?
764
00:27:18,130 --> 00:27:20,529
Speaker:
And you said pottery.
765
00:27:20,529 --> 00:27:21,890
Speaker:
And it is pottery.
766
00:27:21,890 --> 00:27:23,150
Speaker:
Yeah, it is just wanna say.
767
00:27:23,150 --> 00:27:24,029
Speaker:
Yeah, that was a good one.
768
00:27:24,029 --> 00:27:24,430
Speaker:
Yeah.
769
00:27:24,430 --> 00:27:24,710
Speaker:
Yeah.
770
00:27:24,710 --> 00:27:26,230
Speaker:
I was like, oh, you nailed that
one.
771
00:27:26,230 --> 00:27:28,549
Speaker:
Okay, so they found all this.
772
00:27:28,549 --> 00:27:29,789
Speaker:
They found these artifacts.
773
00:27:29,789 --> 00:27:30,069
Speaker:
Yeah.
774
00:27:30,069 --> 00:27:34,230
Speaker:
They found they found English
pottery, metal objects such as
775
00:27:34,230 --> 00:27:39,069
Speaker:
tools and clothing, fasteners
and indigenous artifacts mixed
776
00:27:39,069 --> 00:27:42,630
Speaker:
with the European materials.
777
00:27:42,630 --> 00:27:44,250
Speaker:
This suggested small groups of
778
00:27:44,250 --> 00:27:46,430
Speaker:
Europeans living among the
779
00:27:46,430 --> 00:27:47,950
Speaker:
indigenous communities.
780
00:27:47,950 --> 00:27:49,450
Speaker:
That makes a lot of sense,
781
00:27:49,450 --> 00:27:51,950
Speaker:
because if they were like
782
00:27:51,950 --> 00:27:55,309
Speaker:
sailing and starving and didn't
783
00:27:55,309 --> 00:27:58,490
Speaker:
have enough resources as it was,
784
00:27:58,490 --> 00:27:59,589
Speaker:
and then there was a big
785
00:27:59,589 --> 00:28:00,549
Speaker:
drought.
786
00:28:00,549 --> 00:28:04,750
Speaker:
Yeah, I imagine like it would.
787
00:28:06,670 --> 00:28:10,170
Speaker:
Make it would make sense that
the conclusion they'd come to
788
00:28:10,170 --> 00:28:14,109
Speaker:
is, let's ask all these people
who seem not to be struggling if
789
00:28:14,109 --> 00:28:15,549
Speaker:
they can please, please help us.
790
00:28:15,549 --> 00:28:16,309
Speaker:
Yeah.
791
00:28:16,309 --> 00:28:18,309
Speaker:
And I assume there was not one
792
00:28:18,309 --> 00:28:19,930
Speaker:
tribe that was like, okay, we
793
00:28:19,930 --> 00:28:21,490
Speaker:
can take one hundred and fifty
794
00:28:21,490 --> 00:28:22,849
Speaker:
people, one hundred and fifteen
795
00:28:22,849 --> 00:28:24,329
Speaker:
people, or maybe they, maybe
796
00:28:24,329 --> 00:28:24,809
Speaker:
they.
797
00:28:24,809 --> 00:28:29,849
Speaker:
The settlement split off from
each other because they were not
798
00:28:29,849 --> 00:28:31,970
Speaker:
in agreeance of what they do or.
799
00:28:31,970 --> 00:28:35,529
Speaker:
Yeah, maybe some of them wanted
to ask help for help before and
800
00:28:35,529 --> 00:28:36,410
Speaker:
some of them didn't.
801
00:28:36,410 --> 00:28:39,569
Speaker:
And so they split off and ended
up with different people.
802
00:28:39,569 --> 00:28:40,049
Speaker:
Yeah.
803
00:28:40,049 --> 00:28:42,470
Speaker:
So like I said, living among
804
00:28:42,470 --> 00:28:44,450
Speaker:
indigenous communities rather
805
00:28:44,450 --> 00:28:46,430
Speaker:
than large standalone settlement
806
00:28:46,430 --> 00:28:48,490
Speaker:
like people were kind of looking
807
00:28:48,490 --> 00:28:48,890
Speaker:
for.
808
00:28:48,890 --> 00:28:50,490
Speaker:
Right, right.
809
00:28:50,490 --> 00:28:53,130
Speaker:
Another key area is Hatteras
810
00:28:53,130 --> 00:28:55,049
Speaker:
Island, which is historically
811
00:28:55,049 --> 00:28:58,930
Speaker:
known as Croatoan lab libs a
812
00:28:58,930 --> 00:29:00,009
Speaker:
metal.
813
00:29:00,009 --> 00:29:01,329
Speaker:
You said silver.
814
00:29:01,329 --> 00:29:03,289
Speaker:
Here archaeologists found large
815
00:29:03,289 --> 00:29:07,009
Speaker:
quantities of hammerscale, which
816
00:29:07,009 --> 00:29:10,089
Speaker:
is tiny flakes of blank produced
817
00:29:10,089 --> 00:29:11,849
Speaker:
during blacksmithing.
818
00:29:11,849 --> 00:29:12,569
Speaker:
What do you think?
819
00:29:12,569 --> 00:29:13,289
Speaker:
Maybe iron?
820
00:29:13,289 --> 00:29:15,509
Speaker:
Yeah, it's iron for sure.
821
00:29:15,509 --> 00:29:18,910
Speaker:
Wait, that was part of the out
of context quote, wasn't it?
822
00:29:18,910 --> 00:29:19,789
Speaker:
Yes.
823
00:29:19,789 --> 00:29:21,829
Speaker:
Yeah yeah yeah yeah.
824
00:29:21,829 --> 00:29:22,789
Speaker:
Out of context.
825
00:29:22,789 --> 00:29:23,630
Speaker:
Out of context.
826
00:29:23,630 --> 00:29:24,990
Speaker:
Out of context.
827
00:29:26,230 --> 00:29:28,630
Speaker:
We have no context for that
context.
828
00:29:28,630 --> 00:29:31,109
Speaker:
And I'm not seeing any context.
829
00:29:31,109 --> 00:29:33,430
Speaker:
So this is not where you're
revealing why we're talking
830
00:29:33,430 --> 00:29:35,349
Speaker:
about that in the context.
831
00:29:35,349 --> 00:29:38,869
Speaker:
No, I was just a funny quote
832
00:29:38,869 --> 00:29:40,750
Speaker:
that was like talking all about
833
00:29:40,750 --> 00:29:43,009
Speaker:
context in the out of context
834
00:29:43,009 --> 00:29:44,230
Speaker:
quote.
835
00:29:44,230 --> 00:29:45,589
Speaker:
Oh, okay.
836
00:29:45,589 --> 00:29:48,549
Speaker:
So this was a pretty significant
837
00:29:48,549 --> 00:29:50,369
Speaker:
discovery because, local
838
00:29:50,369 --> 00:29:52,769
Speaker:
indigenous groups did not forge
839
00:29:52,769 --> 00:29:54,490
Speaker:
iron.
840
00:29:54,490 --> 00:29:58,650
Speaker:
Blacksmithing was essential to
English survival.
841
00:29:58,650 --> 00:30:05,329
Speaker:
And the hammerscale was found in
indigenous village areas.
842
00:30:05,329 --> 00:30:06,250
Speaker:
Okay.
843
00:30:06,250 --> 00:30:10,170
Speaker:
The findings suggested that
Europeans were actively working
844
00:30:10,170 --> 00:30:13,970
Speaker:
iron while living among the
native peoples, not just like
845
00:30:13,970 --> 00:30:16,589
Speaker:
trading finished goods.
846
00:30:16,589 --> 00:30:18,869
Speaker:
I think it's because of that.
847
00:30:18,869 --> 00:30:21,009
Speaker:
It's the flakes particularly,
848
00:30:21,009 --> 00:30:22,630
Speaker:
that suggests they're working
849
00:30:22,630 --> 00:30:22,789
Speaker:
it.
850
00:30:22,789 --> 00:30:26,670
Speaker:
They're not just, yeah, we sold
them, sold it.
851
00:30:26,670 --> 00:30:27,069
Speaker:
Right.
852
00:30:27,069 --> 00:30:28,710
Speaker:
They wouldn't have they wouldn't
flakes.
853
00:30:28,710 --> 00:30:28,910
Speaker:
Yeah.
854
00:30:28,910 --> 00:30:29,509
Speaker:
Exactly.
855
00:30:29,509 --> 00:30:30,150
Speaker:
That's right.
856
00:30:30,150 --> 00:30:30,750
Speaker:
Okay.
857
00:30:32,950 --> 00:30:34,109
Speaker:
Another lab lib.
858
00:30:34,109 --> 00:30:36,630
Speaker:
This is your last one a
scientific field.
859
00:30:36,630 --> 00:30:37,950
Speaker:
You said chemistry.
860
00:30:37,950 --> 00:30:42,029
Speaker:
So In recent decades,
researchers have turned to blank
861
00:30:42,029 --> 00:30:47,009
Speaker:
blank projects and are actively
searching for links.
862
00:30:47,009 --> 00:30:47,849
Speaker:
Links.
863
00:30:49,849 --> 00:30:50,690
Speaker:
I have no idea.
864
00:30:50,690 --> 00:30:55,009
Speaker:
This is a type of science, a
genetic genealogy.
865
00:30:55,009 --> 00:30:58,690
Speaker:
Oh, and so they're looking.
866
00:30:58,690 --> 00:31:01,009
Speaker:
They were looking for genetic
links.
867
00:31:01,009 --> 00:31:02,369
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah.
868
00:31:02,369 --> 00:31:04,730
Speaker:
so groups like the Lost Colony
869
00:31:04,730 --> 00:31:06,910
Speaker:
DNA project, which started in
870
00:31:06,910 --> 00:31:09,509
Speaker:
the mid two thousand, are using
871
00:31:09,509 --> 00:31:11,589
Speaker:
DNA testing to try and determine
872
00:31:11,589 --> 00:31:12,829
Speaker:
whether some of the missing
873
00:31:12,829 --> 00:31:14,789
Speaker:
Roanoke colonists survived and
874
00:31:14,789 --> 00:31:16,710
Speaker:
left descendants among the
875
00:31:16,710 --> 00:31:19,730
Speaker:
modern populations of indigenous
876
00:31:19,730 --> 00:31:21,529
Speaker:
tribes Like, who are they
877
00:31:21,529 --> 00:31:22,049
Speaker:
testing?
878
00:31:22,049 --> 00:31:22,529
Speaker:
Right.
879
00:31:22,529 --> 00:31:25,130
Speaker:
hopefully I'm going to answer
that question.
880
00:31:25,130 --> 00:31:28,529
Speaker:
these researchers combine
881
00:31:28,529 --> 00:31:31,069
Speaker:
genealogical records, oral
882
00:31:31,069 --> 00:31:33,450
Speaker:
histories, which is big in the
883
00:31:33,450 --> 00:31:36,789
Speaker:
indigenous populations, and DNA
884
00:31:36,789 --> 00:31:38,329
Speaker:
sampling from people with
885
00:31:38,329 --> 00:31:40,589
Speaker:
surnames or family histories
886
00:31:40,589 --> 00:31:43,069
Speaker:
tied to eastern North Carolina
887
00:31:43,069 --> 00:31:46,369
Speaker:
to look for signals of descent
888
00:31:46,369 --> 00:31:48,609
Speaker:
from the fifteen eighty seven
889
00:31:48,609 --> 00:31:49,569
Speaker:
group.
890
00:31:49,569 --> 00:31:51,690
Speaker:
So pretty much anyone in that
891
00:31:51,690 --> 00:31:55,650
Speaker:
vicinity that has a name that
892
00:31:55,650 --> 00:31:58,130
Speaker:
one of these colonists that we
893
00:31:58,130 --> 00:32:00,569
Speaker:
know was there like a surname,
894
00:32:00,569 --> 00:32:02,150
Speaker:
particularly the males,
895
00:32:02,150 --> 00:32:03,410
Speaker:
obviously.
896
00:32:03,410 --> 00:32:09,250
Speaker:
So, um, but how would they know
if they have signals in their
897
00:32:09,250 --> 00:32:15,329
Speaker:
genetics that are similar to
whatever was in the colonists?
898
00:32:15,329 --> 00:32:20,329
Speaker:
Like, do they have a DNA sample
of those settlers, or are they
899
00:32:20,329 --> 00:32:26,210
Speaker:
using DNA samples from the
ancestors in England or like,
900
00:32:26,210 --> 00:32:26,950
Speaker:
how would they?
901
00:32:26,950 --> 00:32:27,349
Speaker:
Yeah.
902
00:32:27,349 --> 00:32:30,109
Speaker:
No. Well, that's the problem.
903
00:32:30,109 --> 00:32:30,789
Speaker:
I don't know.
904
00:32:30,789 --> 00:32:33,309
Speaker:
That's the problem, I think,
with it.
905
00:32:33,309 --> 00:32:33,710
Speaker:
Okay.
906
00:32:33,710 --> 00:32:34,849
Speaker:
I'll tell you about it.
907
00:32:34,849 --> 00:32:36,609
Speaker:
But, the goal is to identify
908
00:32:36,609 --> 00:32:39,210
Speaker:
European genetic signatures in
909
00:32:39,210 --> 00:32:41,609
Speaker:
families, in families with long
910
00:32:41,609 --> 00:32:43,829
Speaker:
standing roots in eastern North
911
00:32:43,829 --> 00:32:45,990
Speaker:
Carolina and indigenous
912
00:32:45,990 --> 00:32:47,789
Speaker:
communities.
913
00:32:47,789 --> 00:32:52,549
Speaker:
And several types of DNA tests
are being used.
914
00:32:52,549 --> 00:32:56,769
Speaker:
This is, including Y chromosome
DNA.
915
00:32:56,769 --> 00:33:00,650
Speaker:
This traces direct male line
ancestors and can link modern
916
00:33:00,650 --> 00:33:05,309
Speaker:
male descendants to potential
English male settlers if the
917
00:33:05,309 --> 00:33:07,730
Speaker:
surname and paternal line match.
918
00:33:07,730 --> 00:33:10,490
Speaker:
Again, I don't know what they're
comparing it to.
919
00:33:10,490 --> 00:33:11,650
Speaker:
Yeah, I don't know.
920
00:33:11,650 --> 00:33:12,990
Speaker:
This is bizarre to me.
921
00:33:12,990 --> 00:33:13,509
Speaker:
Yeah.
922
00:33:13,509 --> 00:33:18,190
Speaker:
Mitochondrial DNA traces direct
923
00:33:18,190 --> 00:33:20,710
Speaker:
maternal line ancestry, and can
924
00:33:20,710 --> 00:33:22,910
Speaker:
indicate if present day people
925
00:33:22,910 --> 00:33:25,049
Speaker:
carry maternal line markers
926
00:33:25,049 --> 00:33:27,130
Speaker:
potentially connected with
927
00:33:27,130 --> 00:33:28,710
Speaker:
either colonial women or
928
00:33:28,710 --> 00:33:30,430
Speaker:
indigenous ancestors.
929
00:33:30,430 --> 00:33:32,349
Speaker:
This makes no sense to me.
930
00:33:32,349 --> 00:33:32,910
Speaker:
Yeah.
931
00:33:32,910 --> 00:33:33,630
Speaker:
How are they?
932
00:33:33,630 --> 00:33:34,829
Speaker:
What are they comparing it to?
933
00:33:34,829 --> 00:33:36,950
Speaker:
Well, like I said, I think
they're just they're just
934
00:33:36,950 --> 00:33:40,029
Speaker:
comparing it to European samples
that they have.
935
00:33:40,029 --> 00:33:40,470
Speaker:
Yeah.
936
00:33:40,470 --> 00:33:44,750
Speaker:
In that particular area with
that surname.
937
00:33:44,750 --> 00:33:45,390
Speaker:
Yeah.
938
00:33:45,390 --> 00:33:45,910
Speaker:
Okay.
939
00:33:45,910 --> 00:33:51,309
Speaker:
And then among these indigenous
lands with one of the surnames
940
00:33:51,309 --> 00:33:56,089
Speaker:
from a colonist and I see the
vision, I'm just wondering what
941
00:33:56,089 --> 00:34:00,230
Speaker:
and tracing back to probably
England, I imagine they must
942
00:34:00,230 --> 00:34:05,569
Speaker:
just be comparing it to signals
that they have from people who
943
00:34:05,569 --> 00:34:09,789
Speaker:
write populations in England or
whatever, like who they know
944
00:34:09,789 --> 00:34:14,250
Speaker:
descended from the area that
those colonists came from.
945
00:34:14,250 --> 00:34:14,690
Speaker:
Right.
946
00:34:14,690 --> 00:34:15,369
Speaker:
In England.
947
00:34:15,369 --> 00:34:15,809
Speaker:
Right.
948
00:34:15,809 --> 00:34:16,570
Speaker:
That must be it.
949
00:34:16,570 --> 00:34:17,730
Speaker:
It's a lot, though.
950
00:34:17,730 --> 00:34:19,570
Speaker:
It's like it's complicated.
951
00:34:19,570 --> 00:34:20,530
Speaker:
Yeah.
952
00:34:20,530 --> 00:34:20,889
Speaker:
Okay.
953
00:34:20,889 --> 00:34:24,230
Speaker:
And then also autosomal DNA, um,
954
00:34:24,230 --> 00:34:26,929
Speaker:
shared DNA from across all
955
00:34:26,929 --> 00:34:28,889
Speaker:
family lines, which can show
956
00:34:28,889 --> 00:34:31,010
Speaker:
mixtures of European and native
957
00:34:31,010 --> 00:34:32,210
Speaker:
ancestry.
958
00:34:32,210 --> 00:34:34,090
Speaker:
So there you're looking.
959
00:34:34,090 --> 00:34:34,809
Speaker:
Okay.
960
00:34:34,809 --> 00:34:37,530
Speaker:
They have the European ancestry
961
00:34:37,530 --> 00:34:39,010
Speaker:
and they have the indigenous
962
00:34:39,010 --> 00:34:39,849
Speaker:
ancestry.
963
00:34:39,849 --> 00:34:43,349
Speaker:
So these might have been one of
the descendants of those
964
00:34:43,349 --> 00:34:46,610
Speaker:
original colonists in that area.
965
00:34:46,610 --> 00:34:49,090
Speaker:
You said they're also using oral
histories.
966
00:34:49,090 --> 00:34:49,809
Speaker:
Mhm.
967
00:34:49,809 --> 00:34:50,610
Speaker:
That's cool.
968
00:34:50,610 --> 00:34:51,170
Speaker:
Yeah.
969
00:34:51,170 --> 00:34:55,389
Speaker:
Like I wonder if there are
stories that they can say like,
970
00:34:55,389 --> 00:34:57,429
Speaker:
yeah, there, there must be.
971
00:34:57,429 --> 00:35:00,829
Speaker:
That sounds like that's like
their main way of, like, telling
972
00:35:00,829 --> 00:35:02,110
Speaker:
histories and stuff.
973
00:35:02,110 --> 00:35:03,570
Speaker:
And no, I just mean, like, if,
974
00:35:03,570 --> 00:35:07,289
Speaker:
if they, have a record of all
975
00:35:07,289 --> 00:35:08,570
Speaker:
these different oral histories
976
00:35:08,570 --> 00:35:09,489
Speaker:
and they're going through and
977
00:35:09,489 --> 00:35:12,150
Speaker:
looking for references to
978
00:35:12,150 --> 00:35:14,809
Speaker:
someone like you said, like, oh,
979
00:35:14,809 --> 00:35:17,030
Speaker:
this colonist that lived with
980
00:35:17,030 --> 00:35:20,289
Speaker:
this tribe, who had gray eyes
981
00:35:20,289 --> 00:35:23,690
Speaker:
and ironworking was present in
982
00:35:23,690 --> 00:35:24,690
Speaker:
these stories.
983
00:35:24,690 --> 00:35:25,489
Speaker:
Exactly.
984
00:35:25,489 --> 00:35:26,050
Speaker:
Things like that.
985
00:35:26,050 --> 00:35:31,309
Speaker:
Like they're looking for little
details, nuggets of this
986
00:35:31,309 --> 00:35:33,170
Speaker:
combination of peoples.
987
00:35:33,170 --> 00:35:34,449
Speaker:
Yeah.
988
00:35:34,449 --> 00:35:38,070
Speaker:
Um, however, because sixteenth
989
00:35:38,070 --> 00:35:40,369
Speaker:
century genes spread widely over
990
00:35:40,369 --> 00:35:44,449
Speaker:
fifteen generations, autosomal
991
00:35:44,449 --> 00:35:46,909
Speaker:
evidence alone can't confirm
992
00:35:46,909 --> 00:35:48,329
Speaker:
like, specific descendants
993
00:35:48,329 --> 00:35:50,630
Speaker:
without a good historical
994
00:35:50,630 --> 00:35:51,369
Speaker:
context.
995
00:35:51,369 --> 00:35:52,550
Speaker:
Yeah.
996
00:35:52,550 --> 00:35:54,070
Speaker:
One huge challenge.
997
00:35:54,070 --> 00:35:58,230
Speaker:
No confirmed ancient DNA from
the colonists itself.
998
00:35:58,230 --> 00:35:58,750
Speaker:
Right.
999
00:35:58,750 --> 00:36:00,510
Speaker:
so to definitely connect a
1000
00:36:00,510 --> 00:36:02,489
Speaker:
modern person to the Roanoke
1001
00:36:02,489 --> 00:36:04,730
Speaker:
settlers, scientists would
1002
00:36:04,730 --> 00:36:07,929
Speaker:
ideally need DNA from bones or
1003
00:36:07,929 --> 00:36:11,650
Speaker:
remains of known colonists from
1004
00:36:11,650 --> 00:36:13,969
Speaker:
the fifteen eighty seven for
1005
00:36:13,969 --> 00:36:14,769
Speaker:
comparison.
1006
00:36:14,769 --> 00:36:17,650
Speaker:
Yeah, that'd be crazy if they
found something.
1007
00:36:17,650 --> 00:36:18,369
Speaker:
Yeah.
1008
00:36:18,369 --> 00:36:19,610
Speaker:
Then that would be big.
1009
00:36:19,610 --> 00:36:20,769
Speaker:
That would be really big.
1010
00:36:20,769 --> 00:36:21,289
Speaker:
Search.
1011
00:36:21,289 --> 00:36:23,010
Speaker:
Yeah, exactly.
1012
00:36:23,010 --> 00:36:24,869
Speaker:
as of now, no such remains have
1013
00:36:24,869 --> 00:36:26,710
Speaker:
been reliably identified or
1014
00:36:26,710 --> 00:36:27,429
Speaker:
sequenced.
1015
00:36:27,429 --> 00:36:30,349
Speaker:
Making conclusions kind of
tentative at that point.
1016
00:36:30,349 --> 00:36:34,269
Speaker:
Yeah, DNA alone can't solve the
mystery, but it adds another
1017
00:36:34,269 --> 00:36:35,750
Speaker:
layer of evidence.
1018
00:36:35,750 --> 00:36:41,389
Speaker:
So based on historical records,
environmental data, archaeology
1019
00:36:41,389 --> 00:36:48,449
Speaker:
and genetics, most researchers
now agree on a broad conclusion.
1020
00:36:48,449 --> 00:36:52,369
Speaker:
The Roanoke Island colonists did
not disappear suddenly.
1021
00:36:52,369 --> 00:36:55,010
Speaker:
They likely abandoned Roanoke
1022
00:36:55,010 --> 00:36:56,530
Speaker:
Island due to drought and
1023
00:36:56,530 --> 00:36:58,690
Speaker:
isolation, and split into
1024
00:36:58,690 --> 00:37:00,210
Speaker:
smaller groups.
1025
00:37:00,210 --> 00:37:05,349
Speaker:
and then relocated to Croatoan
Islands and inland villages
1026
00:37:05,349 --> 00:37:09,269
Speaker:
integrated into indigenous
societies through alliance,
1027
00:37:09,269 --> 00:37:11,389
Speaker:
adoption, and marriage.
1028
00:37:11,389 --> 00:37:15,630
Speaker:
So the quote unquote Lost Colony
was not really lost.
1029
00:37:15,630 --> 00:37:18,230
Speaker:
It was just most likely
absorbed.
1030
00:37:18,230 --> 00:37:18,869
Speaker:
Yeah.
1031
00:37:18,869 --> 00:37:24,010
Speaker:
future research, opportunities
include expanded excavation at
1032
00:37:24,010 --> 00:37:26,969
Speaker:
indigenous village sites.
1033
00:37:26,969 --> 00:37:28,170
Speaker:
I don't like that.
1034
00:37:28,170 --> 00:37:33,210
Speaker:
I know improved soil chemistry
and micro artifact analysis.
1035
00:37:33,210 --> 00:37:34,090
Speaker:
Don't ask me.
1036
00:37:34,090 --> 00:37:35,969
Speaker:
I have no idea.
1037
00:37:35,969 --> 00:37:39,650
Speaker:
Um, micro artifact analysis.
1038
00:37:39,650 --> 00:37:40,650
Speaker:
Maybe that could.
1039
00:37:40,650 --> 00:37:42,469
Speaker:
I feel like that could mean like
1040
00:37:42,469 --> 00:37:44,869
Speaker:
looking at artifacts under a
1041
00:37:44,869 --> 00:37:47,949
Speaker:
microscope, or looking for tiny
1042
00:37:47,949 --> 00:37:50,070
Speaker:
little bits of artifacts left in
1043
00:37:50,070 --> 00:37:50,710
Speaker:
the soil.
1044
00:37:50,710 --> 00:37:52,150
Speaker:
Yeah, that's what I was kind of
thinking.
1045
00:37:52,150 --> 00:37:53,429
Speaker:
Like the hammer scale.
1046
00:37:53,429 --> 00:37:54,909
Speaker:
Yeah, something like that.
1047
00:37:54,909 --> 00:37:55,829
Speaker:
Mhm.
1048
00:37:55,829 --> 00:37:56,590
Speaker:
Mhm.
1049
00:37:56,590 --> 00:37:58,030
Speaker:
and rather than searching for a
1050
00:37:58,030 --> 00:38:00,230
Speaker:
dramatic ending, researchers now
1051
00:38:00,230 --> 00:38:01,949
Speaker:
focus on understanding shared
1052
00:38:01,949 --> 00:38:04,190
Speaker:
survival, cultural exchange and
1053
00:38:04,190 --> 00:38:05,949
Speaker:
adoption.
1054
00:38:05,949 --> 00:38:08,989
Speaker:
Yeah, that makes a lot more
sense than like I disappeared
1055
00:38:08,989 --> 00:38:09,909
Speaker:
all at once.
1056
00:38:09,909 --> 00:38:11,949
Speaker:
I know, but it is.
1057
00:38:11,949 --> 00:38:14,829
Speaker:
It's much more exciting.
1058
00:38:14,829 --> 00:38:18,329
Speaker:
It's fun and fun to think of how
they like.
1059
00:38:18,329 --> 00:38:22,409
Speaker:
It would be weird, though, that
he came back and just there's
1060
00:38:22,409 --> 00:38:26,909
Speaker:
just like this word and they're
gone, but doesn't look like they
1061
00:38:26,909 --> 00:38:28,929
Speaker:
were hurt or rushed.
1062
00:38:28,929 --> 00:38:31,329
Speaker:
There's no bodies, there's no
anything.
1063
00:38:31,329 --> 00:38:32,050
Speaker:
Right.
1064
00:38:32,050 --> 00:38:34,230
Speaker:
So it would seem kind of like
1065
00:38:34,230 --> 00:38:35,889
Speaker:
mysterious, like this whole
1066
00:38:35,889 --> 00:38:37,010
Speaker:
area.
1067
00:38:37,010 --> 00:38:39,849
Speaker:
This whole colony is just
completely abandoned.
1068
00:38:39,849 --> 00:38:40,570
Speaker:
That's gonna look.
1069
00:38:40,570 --> 00:38:44,409
Speaker:
Feels like they could have tried
harder to leave a better
1070
00:38:44,409 --> 00:38:48,809
Speaker:
message, you know, like.
1071
00:38:48,809 --> 00:38:49,769
Speaker:
Like what?
1072
00:38:49,769 --> 00:38:53,809
Speaker:
Carve some complex picture of.
1073
00:38:53,809 --> 00:38:54,969
Speaker:
Sorry.
1074
00:38:54,969 --> 00:38:57,530
Speaker:
That cross is ridiculous.
1075
00:38:57,530 --> 00:38:58,889
Speaker:
I'm sorry, I just.
1076
00:38:58,889 --> 00:39:03,489
Speaker:
I guess I'm coming from a bias
where it is so easy to leave a
1077
00:39:03,489 --> 00:39:05,449
Speaker:
message to someone, right?
1078
00:39:05,449 --> 00:39:07,150
Speaker:
For hundreds of years, it's been
1079
00:39:07,150 --> 00:39:08,329
Speaker:
easy to leave a message to
1080
00:39:08,329 --> 00:39:08,909
Speaker:
someone, right?
1081
00:39:08,909 --> 00:39:12,710
Speaker:
Yeah, but I can't wrap my mind
1082
00:39:12,710 --> 00:39:14,289
Speaker:
around how they couldn't just,
1083
00:39:14,289 --> 00:39:16,289
Speaker:
write something down and leave
1084
00:39:16,289 --> 00:39:17,449
Speaker:
it, like in one of these
1085
00:39:17,449 --> 00:39:18,849
Speaker:
buildings.
1086
00:39:18,849 --> 00:39:20,769
Speaker:
Yeah, like if there were
1087
00:39:20,769 --> 00:39:24,210
Speaker:
structures that were indoors,
1088
00:39:24,210 --> 00:39:26,090
Speaker:
away from the elements in some
1089
00:39:26,090 --> 00:39:27,650
Speaker:
way, why couldn't they have just
1090
00:39:27,650 --> 00:39:29,889
Speaker:
written a letter and left it, I
1091
00:39:29,889 --> 00:39:30,570
Speaker:
don't know.
1092
00:39:30,570 --> 00:39:33,090
Speaker:
Or they could have probably
carved more than one word.
1093
00:39:33,090 --> 00:39:34,489
Speaker:
Yeah, that's what I'm saying,
too.
1094
00:39:34,489 --> 00:39:36,489
Speaker:
Why did we have to be so
cryptic?
1095
00:39:36,489 --> 00:39:37,369
Speaker:
I don't know.
1096
00:39:37,369 --> 00:39:37,730
Speaker:
Okay.
1097
00:39:37,730 --> 00:39:40,090
Speaker:
If you're leaving right where
1098
00:39:40,090 --> 00:39:42,250
Speaker:
you're going, but only just this
1099
00:39:42,250 --> 00:39:43,489
Speaker:
one word.
1100
00:39:43,489 --> 00:39:43,889
Speaker:
Yeah.
1101
00:39:43,889 --> 00:39:48,369
Speaker:
And I think, and it's bizarre to
me, too, that if they did leave
1102
00:39:48,369 --> 00:39:53,090
Speaker:
in smaller groups, you know, why
didn't one of those groups
1103
00:39:53,090 --> 00:39:56,369
Speaker:
decide to do it differently?
1104
00:39:56,369 --> 00:39:58,449
Speaker:
Like, none of the groups
1105
00:39:58,449 --> 00:39:59,469
Speaker:
thought, hey, I'm going to write
1106
00:39:59,469 --> 00:39:59,969
Speaker:
a letter.
1107
00:39:59,969 --> 00:40:01,409
Speaker:
Maybe it'll survive.
1108
00:40:01,409 --> 00:40:08,989
Speaker:
Like no one thought maybe we
could do something not right.
1109
00:40:08,989 --> 00:40:11,989
Speaker:
Oh, I guess I'm not sure.
1110
00:40:11,989 --> 00:40:12,710
Speaker:
Right?
1111
00:40:12,710 --> 00:40:13,710
Speaker:
I'm not sure.
1112
00:40:13,710 --> 00:40:17,510
Speaker:
No one like I know it's so.
1113
00:40:18,630 --> 00:40:20,309
Speaker:
Not a lot of holes in this.
1114
00:40:20,309 --> 00:40:22,309
Speaker:
That idea was a bad idea.
1115
00:40:22,309 --> 00:40:23,949
Speaker:
The simple thing was a bad idea.
1116
00:40:23,949 --> 00:40:25,510
Speaker:
That was a bad idea.
1117
00:40:25,510 --> 00:40:27,510
Speaker:
But then also just leaving, one
1118
00:40:27,510 --> 00:40:28,949
Speaker:
would think about if they were
1119
00:40:28,949 --> 00:40:30,030
Speaker:
illiterate.
1120
00:40:30,030 --> 00:40:30,510
Speaker:
Yeah.
1121
00:40:30,510 --> 00:40:34,429
Speaker:
Then it makes more sense of why
they had to use a symbol.
1122
00:40:34,429 --> 00:40:36,710
Speaker:
But they wrote out Croatoan.
1123
00:40:36,710 --> 00:40:42,190
Speaker:
Maybe that was like really
difficult for them.
1124
00:40:42,190 --> 00:40:45,110
Speaker:
And that's why the other people
couldn't finish, because then
1125
00:40:45,110 --> 00:40:48,650
Speaker:
they just put CRO there like,
yep, that's as much as, I know,
1126
00:40:48,650 --> 00:40:50,230
Speaker:
write letters and stuff.
1127
00:40:50,230 --> 00:40:52,110
Speaker:
I don't know, I don't know.
1128
00:40:52,110 --> 00:40:55,170
Speaker:
It feels weird that you'd have
this settlement of one hundred
1129
00:40:55,170 --> 00:40:58,710
Speaker:
and fifteen people and nobody
knows how to read them, right?
1130
00:40:58,710 --> 00:41:00,110
Speaker:
That can't be right.
1131
00:41:00,110 --> 00:41:01,409
Speaker:
I don't know.
1132
00:41:01,409 --> 00:41:02,730
Speaker:
That can't be correct.
1133
00:41:02,730 --> 00:41:04,090
Speaker:
I do not know.
1134
00:41:04,090 --> 00:41:04,889
Speaker:
I don't know why.
1135
00:41:04,889 --> 00:41:06,050
Speaker:
It is mysterious.
1136
00:41:06,050 --> 00:41:07,130
Speaker:
It is mysterious.
1137
00:41:07,130 --> 00:41:08,590
Speaker:
And it would be freaky as hell
1138
00:41:08,590 --> 00:41:10,170
Speaker:
to come back to a completely
1139
00:41:10,170 --> 00:41:11,889
Speaker:
abandoned area.
1140
00:41:11,889 --> 00:41:13,690
Speaker:
And he was gone three years.
1141
00:41:13,690 --> 00:41:14,849
Speaker:
Yeah.
1142
00:41:14,849 --> 00:41:15,329
Speaker:
Wow.
1143
00:41:15,329 --> 00:41:16,969
Speaker:
You would think like.
1144
00:41:16,969 --> 00:41:20,050
Speaker:
Yeah, that, like someone would
be left.
1145
00:41:20,050 --> 00:41:24,690
Speaker:
I know, yeah, I don't know, I
don't know.
1146
00:41:24,690 --> 00:41:25,090
Speaker:
Yeah.
1147
00:41:25,090 --> 00:41:26,489
Speaker:
It's crazy.
1148
00:41:26,489 --> 00:41:29,250
Speaker:
Or that like, once they got safe
1149
00:41:29,250 --> 00:41:32,190
Speaker:
somewhere that they would try to
1150
00:41:32,190 --> 00:41:34,730
Speaker:
return and leave a better
1151
00:41:34,730 --> 00:41:35,690
Speaker:
message or.
1152
00:41:35,690 --> 00:41:36,369
Speaker:
I know.
1153
00:41:36,369 --> 00:41:38,570
Speaker:
See if he had left them a
message.
1154
00:41:38,570 --> 00:41:39,530
Speaker:
Yeah.
1155
00:41:39,530 --> 00:41:41,369
Speaker:
I was thinking the same thing.
1156
00:41:41,369 --> 00:41:42,769
Speaker:
Also, I didn't look up, but,
1157
00:41:42,769 --> 00:41:44,210
Speaker:
like, why didn't he ever go back
1158
00:41:44,210 --> 00:41:45,170
Speaker:
again?
1159
00:41:45,170 --> 00:41:45,610
Speaker:
Right.
1160
00:41:45,610 --> 00:41:47,610
Speaker:
He just stopped looking for his
family.
1161
00:41:47,610 --> 00:41:51,369
Speaker:
Are those storms just kind of
rough?
1162
00:41:51,369 --> 00:41:52,730
Speaker:
I'm kind of done with it.
1163
00:41:52,730 --> 00:41:54,469
Speaker:
Gotta go all the way back to
1164
00:41:54,469 --> 00:41:56,849
Speaker:
England, back to England and
1165
00:41:56,849 --> 00:41:58,300
Speaker:
wash my hands of that whole
1166
00:41:58,300 --> 00:42:00,030
Speaker:
Situation.
1167
00:42:00,030 --> 00:42:01,150
Speaker:
Jeesh.
1168
00:42:01,150 --> 00:42:05,329
Speaker:
Yeah, but I just, thought that
that was, super cool how they
1169
00:42:05,329 --> 00:42:09,309
Speaker:
were trying to start using,
like, genetic genealogy to trace
1170
00:42:09,309 --> 00:42:12,030
Speaker:
people from that area.
1171
00:42:12,030 --> 00:42:15,550
Speaker:
I think it's sort of an
interesting idea.
1172
00:42:15,550 --> 00:42:16,989
Speaker:
It is innovative.
1173
00:42:16,989 --> 00:42:25,309
Speaker:
It's something I just don't know
how much I could get behind
1174
00:42:25,309 --> 00:42:26,750
Speaker:
whatever evidence they say.
1175
00:42:26,750 --> 00:42:28,630
Speaker:
Because really, whatever they're
1176
00:42:28,630 --> 00:42:32,070
Speaker:
comparing it to, whatever
1177
00:42:32,070 --> 00:42:34,150
Speaker:
they're comparing the genes of
1178
00:42:34,150 --> 00:42:35,750
Speaker:
people they find now and saying,
1179
00:42:35,750 --> 00:42:37,630
Speaker:
oh yeah, this seems like they're
1180
00:42:37,630 --> 00:42:39,590
Speaker:
a descendant of the lost Roanoke
1181
00:42:39,590 --> 00:42:40,030
Speaker:
Colony.
1182
00:42:40,030 --> 00:42:44,469
Speaker:
Maybe they're really just
comparing it to like some that
1183
00:42:44,469 --> 00:42:48,030
Speaker:
their family originates from
some specific region in England.
1184
00:42:48,030 --> 00:42:48,789
Speaker:
Yeah.
1185
00:42:48,789 --> 00:42:50,030
Speaker:
And they could have been from
1186
00:42:50,030 --> 00:42:51,309
Speaker:
the Roanoke Colony or could have
1187
00:42:51,309 --> 00:42:52,469
Speaker:
been from any other colony that
1188
00:42:52,469 --> 00:42:53,949
Speaker:
came later.
1189
00:42:53,949 --> 00:42:59,010
Speaker:
No, but they can see how far
back you have a lineage.
1190
00:42:59,010 --> 00:43:02,210
Speaker:
But to the to the exact year?
1191
00:43:02,210 --> 00:43:04,210
Speaker:
No, not to the to the exact
decade.
1192
00:43:04,210 --> 00:43:06,170
Speaker:
Like the generation.
1193
00:43:07,329 --> 00:43:08,090
Speaker:
That's what I'm saying.
1194
00:43:08,090 --> 00:43:10,429
Speaker:
So really, it could be anyone in
1195
00:43:10,429 --> 00:43:11,809
Speaker:
that generation that came and
1196
00:43:11,809 --> 00:43:12,889
Speaker:
settled in.
1197
00:43:12,889 --> 00:43:14,570
Speaker:
I don't think there was too much
1198
00:43:14,570 --> 00:43:17,010
Speaker:
people coming settling at that
1199
00:43:17,010 --> 00:43:17,809
Speaker:
point.
1200
00:43:17,809 --> 00:43:18,369
Speaker:
Mm.
1201
00:43:18,369 --> 00:43:18,889
Speaker:
Okay.
1202
00:43:18,889 --> 00:43:20,730
Speaker:
When was Jamestown?
1203
00:43:22,010 --> 00:43:24,329
Speaker:
Why would you even ask me that,
Debbie?
1204
00:43:24,329 --> 00:43:27,530
Speaker:
I'm thinking, why would you even
ask me that?
1205
00:43:29,289 --> 00:43:30,489
Speaker:
I'm thinking out loud.
1206
00:43:30,489 --> 00:43:32,690
Speaker:
Okay, okay.
1207
00:43:32,690 --> 00:43:35,949
Speaker:
I think it just wasn't very,
Normal.
1208
00:43:35,949 --> 00:43:36,510
Speaker:
Okay.
1209
00:43:36,510 --> 00:43:42,489
Speaker:
I guess Yeah, but if you're
going by mail, you're chasing
1210
00:43:42,489 --> 00:43:44,730
Speaker:
like a mail line, right?
1211
00:43:44,730 --> 00:43:45,769
Speaker:
All the way up.
1212
00:43:45,769 --> 00:43:48,210
Speaker:
And they have the same last name
1213
00:43:48,210 --> 00:43:49,369
Speaker:
as one of the original
1214
00:43:49,369 --> 00:43:50,690
Speaker:
colonists.
1215
00:43:50,690 --> 00:43:55,969
Speaker:
You've got some indigenous
ancestry that came after a
1216
00:43:55,969 --> 00:43:57,250
Speaker:
certain point, right?
1217
00:43:57,250 --> 00:44:02,449
Speaker:
You have European England,
genealogy that is coming from a
1218
00:44:02,449 --> 00:44:03,849
Speaker:
certain time period.
1219
00:44:03,849 --> 00:44:05,489
Speaker:
Have they found they were
1220
00:44:05,489 --> 00:44:07,250
Speaker:
testing they they were testing
1221
00:44:07,250 --> 00:44:10,050
Speaker:
one guy, like, I mean, I think
1222
00:44:10,050 --> 00:44:11,590
Speaker:
they're testing a lot of people,
1223
00:44:11,590 --> 00:44:14,309
Speaker:
but I only really read one that
1224
00:44:14,309 --> 00:44:17,090
Speaker:
was kind of like more promising
1225
00:44:17,090 --> 00:44:18,170
Speaker:
than the others, but they were
1226
00:44:18,170 --> 00:44:21,070
Speaker:
still doing research and really
1227
00:44:21,070 --> 00:44:21,849
Speaker:
emerging.
1228
00:44:21,849 --> 00:44:22,610
Speaker:
Yeah.
1229
00:44:22,610 --> 00:44:23,210
Speaker:
Mhm.
1230
00:44:23,210 --> 00:44:23,570
Speaker:
Yeah.
1231
00:44:23,570 --> 00:44:24,530
Speaker:
Cool.
1232
00:44:24,530 --> 00:44:24,969
Speaker:
Yeah.
1233
00:44:24,969 --> 00:44:26,170
Speaker:
I just thought that was cool.
1234
00:44:26,170 --> 00:44:29,289
Speaker:
Can you tell me, can you remind
me now that I have all the
1235
00:44:29,289 --> 00:44:31,130
Speaker:
context of that second.
1236
00:44:31,130 --> 00:44:33,690
Speaker:
Out of context quote about the
Hammerscale.
1237
00:44:35,050 --> 00:44:36,969
Speaker:
I literally just put that in
1238
00:44:36,969 --> 00:44:37,889
Speaker:
because it was all about
1239
00:44:37,889 --> 00:44:38,730
Speaker:
context.
1240
00:44:38,730 --> 00:44:40,809
Speaker:
I know, I just want to hear it
now.
1241
00:44:40,809 --> 00:44:43,530
Speaker:
The Hammerscale is just not
1242
00:44:43,530 --> 00:44:45,409
Speaker:
doing it for me without good
1243
00:44:45,409 --> 00:44:46,690
Speaker:
context.
1244
00:44:46,690 --> 00:44:49,170
Speaker:
I'm not seeing good context.
1245
00:44:52,090 --> 00:44:55,949
Speaker:
I think the hammerscale is great
context.
1246
00:44:55,949 --> 00:44:57,349
Speaker:
I think it's pretty context.
1247
00:44:57,349 --> 00:44:59,469
Speaker:
What else would that be if
1248
00:44:59,469 --> 00:45:01,369
Speaker:
indigenous people didn't do
1249
00:45:01,369 --> 00:45:02,550
Speaker:
ironworking?
1250
00:45:02,550 --> 00:45:03,269
Speaker:
Yeah.
1251
00:45:03,269 --> 00:45:05,469
Speaker:
Why else would there be that?
1252
00:45:05,469 --> 00:45:07,389
Speaker:
I'm not seeing a lot of context.
1253
00:45:09,750 --> 00:45:10,789
Speaker:
Do you want to be.
1254
00:45:10,789 --> 00:45:12,789
Speaker:
I'm not doing it for me.
1255
00:45:12,789 --> 00:45:15,809
Speaker:
Do you want to be reminded of
the other Gen Z quote?
1256
00:45:15,809 --> 00:45:16,170
Speaker:
Yeah.
1257
00:45:16,170 --> 00:45:16,809
Speaker:
Okay.
1258
00:45:16,809 --> 00:45:17,570
Speaker:
You know.
1259
00:45:19,610 --> 00:45:21,329
Speaker:
Have we solved the mystery?
1260
00:45:21,329 --> 00:45:25,409
Speaker:
Well, you know, it's pretty good
evidence, but there's always
1261
00:45:25,409 --> 00:45:26,969
Speaker:
more work to be done.
1262
00:45:26,969 --> 00:45:28,730
Speaker:
And people love mysteries.
1263
00:45:28,730 --> 00:45:31,409
Speaker:
They hate resolving things one
way or the other.
1264
00:45:31,409 --> 00:45:34,170
Speaker:
So I'm sure that the mystery
will continue.
1265
00:45:34,170 --> 00:45:37,909
Speaker:
You know, whatever the
scientific evidence says?
1266
00:45:39,829 --> 00:45:40,110
Speaker:
Yeah.
1267
00:45:40,110 --> 00:45:41,750
Speaker:
I mean, I guess, you know, with
that.
1268
00:45:41,750 --> 00:45:43,230
Speaker:
Yeah, though, because I don't
1269
00:45:43,230 --> 00:45:45,090
Speaker:
think we're ever gonna find a
1270
00:45:45,090 --> 00:45:46,510
Speaker:
definitive answer.
1271
00:45:46,510 --> 00:45:48,070
Speaker:
Really ever find an answer?
1272
00:45:48,070 --> 00:45:49,670
Speaker:
So I do think people will just
1273
00:45:49,670 --> 00:45:51,210
Speaker:
continue speculating on it
1274
00:45:51,210 --> 00:45:52,230
Speaker:
Fairies.
1275
00:45:52,230 --> 00:45:52,949
Speaker:
Yeah.
1276
00:45:52,949 --> 00:45:56,389
Speaker:
Yeah, I think that's what most
people are gonna go with.
1277
00:45:56,389 --> 00:45:58,349
Speaker:
Right, right, right I agree.
1278
00:45:58,349 --> 00:45:59,190
Speaker:
Yeah.
1279
00:45:59,190 --> 00:46:00,469
Speaker:
Most people go with that.
1280
00:46:00,469 --> 00:46:01,349
Speaker:
Okay.
1281
00:46:01,349 --> 00:46:04,469
Speaker:
Well, I took you all the way to
Roanoke Island.
1282
00:46:04,469 --> 00:46:04,869
Speaker:
Yep.
1283
00:46:04,869 --> 00:46:06,010
Speaker:
I'm ready for you to take me
1284
00:46:06,010 --> 00:46:07,909
Speaker:
down your route to who knows
1285
00:46:07,909 --> 00:46:09,449
Speaker:
where else.
1286
00:46:09,449 --> 00:46:11,010
Speaker:
The fairy rabbit hole.
1287
00:46:12,570 --> 00:46:15,130
Speaker:
Let me hear your rabbit hole for
this week.
1288
00:46:15,130 --> 00:46:20,210
Speaker:
Not even a little bit similar to
your topic at all.
1289
00:46:20,210 --> 00:46:20,730
Speaker:
Great.
1290
00:46:20,730 --> 00:46:21,170
Speaker:
Uh huh.
1291
00:46:21,170 --> 00:46:28,210
Speaker:
So I fell down the rabbit hole
about organ transplants.
1292
00:46:28,210 --> 00:46:29,090
Speaker:
Wow.
1293
00:46:29,090 --> 00:46:32,690
Speaker:
And how did we start even doing
that?
1294
00:46:32,690 --> 00:46:33,289
Speaker:
Oh, my God.
1295
00:46:33,289 --> 00:46:35,489
Speaker:
Like, what were the first ones?
1296
00:46:36,730 --> 00:46:41,130
Speaker:
And so I'm going to tell you a
little bit about the first types
1297
00:46:41,130 --> 00:46:42,369
Speaker:
of organ transplants.
1298
00:46:42,369 --> 00:46:43,090
Speaker:
Okay.
1299
00:46:43,090 --> 00:46:45,769
Speaker:
Some wild organ transplants that
1300
00:46:45,769 --> 00:46:47,190
Speaker:
we're working on gonna be so
1301
00:46:47,190 --> 00:46:48,090
Speaker:
wild.
1302
00:46:49,329 --> 00:46:55,170
Speaker:
Okay, so, the first type of
transplant ish thing that we
1303
00:46:55,170 --> 00:46:59,010
Speaker:
could ever do was way back in
eighteen seventy when when we
1304
00:46:59,010 --> 00:47:04,349
Speaker:
started doing skin grafts with
varying levels of success.
1305
00:47:04,349 --> 00:47:06,150
Speaker:
Okay.
1306
00:47:06,150 --> 00:47:06,469
Speaker:
Okay.
1307
00:47:06,469 --> 00:47:09,630
Speaker:
But it wasn't until the nineteen
fifties that we did the first
1308
00:47:09,630 --> 00:47:13,230
Speaker:
full organ transplant, which was
a kidney transplant.
1309
00:47:13,230 --> 00:47:13,630
Speaker:
Okay.
1310
00:47:13,630 --> 00:47:17,070
Speaker:
In nineteen fifty four, doctor
Joseph Murray.
1311
00:47:17,070 --> 00:47:17,909
Speaker:
Murray.
1312
00:47:19,909 --> 00:47:23,869
Speaker:
Transplanted a kidney from one
twin brother to another.
1313
00:47:23,869 --> 00:47:24,510
Speaker:
Okay.
1314
00:47:24,510 --> 00:47:26,510
Speaker:
Richard Herrick I'd say that's a
1315
00:47:26,510 --> 00:47:27,889
Speaker:
pretty good way to, like,
1316
00:47:27,889 --> 00:47:28,670
Speaker:
imagine that.
1317
00:47:28,670 --> 00:47:31,230
Speaker:
It was going to be pretty good
odds that it was going to work.
1318
00:47:31,230 --> 00:47:31,510
Speaker:
Yeah.
1319
00:47:31,510 --> 00:47:35,230
Speaker:
So they tried before to do
kidney transplants, but people
1320
00:47:35,230 --> 00:47:38,110
Speaker:
would either die immediately, it
wouldn't work at all, or they'd
1321
00:47:38,110 --> 00:47:39,789
Speaker:
die within a couple of days.
1322
00:47:39,789 --> 00:47:41,230
Speaker:
Right from rejection.
1323
00:47:41,230 --> 00:47:41,789
Speaker:
Rejection.
1324
00:47:41,789 --> 00:47:42,110
Speaker:
Yeah.
1325
00:47:42,110 --> 00:47:42,949
Speaker:
Mhm.
1326
00:47:42,949 --> 00:47:45,250
Speaker:
or they would die from
1327
00:47:45,250 --> 00:47:46,710
Speaker:
complications of the surgery
1328
00:47:46,710 --> 00:47:47,230
Speaker:
itself.
1329
00:47:47,230 --> 00:47:49,230
Speaker:
Like they could not attach it
properly.
1330
00:47:49,230 --> 00:47:50,269
Speaker:
Mhm.
1331
00:47:50,269 --> 00:47:50,550
Speaker:
Yeah.
1332
00:47:50,550 --> 00:47:51,710
Speaker:
That makes sense.
1333
00:47:51,710 --> 00:47:52,550
Speaker:
Yeah.
1334
00:47:52,550 --> 00:47:55,289
Speaker:
So Richard Herrick was suffering
1335
00:47:55,289 --> 00:47:57,530
Speaker:
from kidney disease and in the
1336
00:47:57,530 --> 00:47:59,090
Speaker:
nineteen fifties there was no
1337
00:47:59,090 --> 00:47:59,530
Speaker:
treatment.
1338
00:47:59,530 --> 00:48:01,369
Speaker:
It was just basically a death
sentence.
1339
00:48:01,369 --> 00:48:02,489
Speaker:
You get kidney disease and there
1340
00:48:02,489 --> 00:48:03,369
Speaker:
was nothing you could do about
1341
00:48:03,369 --> 00:48:03,489
Speaker:
it.
1342
00:48:03,489 --> 00:48:09,429
Speaker:
Basically This doctor, Joseph
Murray, was studying the
1343
00:48:09,429 --> 00:48:14,030
Speaker:
possibility of transplanting
live kidneys at Harvard Medical
1344
00:48:14,030 --> 00:48:15,150
Speaker:
School at that time.
1345
00:48:15,150 --> 00:48:19,750
Speaker:
lots of his colleagues thought
he was foolish and insane, and
1346
00:48:19,750 --> 00:48:24,489
Speaker:
were very skeptical that this
was possible at a conceptual
1347
00:48:24,489 --> 00:48:25,449
Speaker:
level at all.
1348
00:48:25,449 --> 00:48:26,889
Speaker:
I imagine.
1349
00:48:26,889 --> 00:48:27,690
Speaker:
Yeah.
1350
00:48:27,690 --> 00:48:32,210
Speaker:
But he did manage to do it
successfully.
1351
00:48:32,210 --> 00:48:34,969
Speaker:
And, Richard Herrick lived eight
1352
00:48:34,969 --> 00:48:37,530
Speaker:
years after receiving his twin
1353
00:48:37,530 --> 00:48:39,210
Speaker:
brother's kidney.
1354
00:48:39,210 --> 00:48:39,690
Speaker:
Okay.
1355
00:48:39,690 --> 00:48:43,650
Speaker:
Doctor Joseph Murray won the
Nobel Prize for medicine in
1356
00:48:43,650 --> 00:48:46,130
Speaker:
nineteen ninety for his work on.
1357
00:48:46,130 --> 00:48:48,570
Speaker:
Oh, wow transplants throughout
his lifetime.
1358
00:48:48,570 --> 00:48:49,010
Speaker:
Oh, wow.
1359
00:48:49,010 --> 00:48:49,690
Speaker:
Okay.
1360
00:48:49,690 --> 00:48:50,530
Speaker:
Yeah.
1361
00:48:50,530 --> 00:48:55,570
Speaker:
And I also found that the guy's
twin brother, Ronald, who was
1362
00:48:55,570 --> 00:48:58,070
Speaker:
the first organ donor.
1363
00:48:58,070 --> 00:48:59,230
Speaker:
He lived a long time.
1364
00:48:59,230 --> 00:49:00,989
Speaker:
He lived till he was seventy
nine.
1365
00:49:00,989 --> 00:49:01,750
Speaker:
Oh, really?
1366
00:49:01,750 --> 00:49:02,070
Speaker:
Yep.
1367
00:49:02,070 --> 00:49:03,710
Speaker:
With one with one kidney.
1368
00:49:03,710 --> 00:49:04,389
Speaker:
One kidney?
1369
00:49:04,389 --> 00:49:05,869
Speaker:
Yeah.
1370
00:49:05,869 --> 00:49:08,110
Speaker:
So that was the first kidney
transplant.
1371
00:49:08,110 --> 00:49:08,590
Speaker:
Mhm.
1372
00:49:08,590 --> 00:49:11,150
Speaker:
other kidney transplants were
done throughout the nineteen
1373
00:49:11,150 --> 00:49:13,090
Speaker:
fifties and 60s.
1374
00:49:13,090 --> 00:49:16,449
Speaker:
But almost half the patients
died very soon after.
1375
00:49:16,449 --> 00:49:22,329
Speaker:
And nearly all of them died by
one year later due to rejection.
1376
00:49:22,329 --> 00:49:23,530
Speaker:
Oh my gosh.
1377
00:49:23,530 --> 00:49:27,590
Speaker:
But, once they started using
immunosuppressants.
1378
00:49:27,590 --> 00:49:28,510
Speaker:
Hold on one second.
1379
00:49:28,510 --> 00:49:30,230
Speaker:
Like, I'm really surprised that
1380
00:49:30,230 --> 00:49:31,829
Speaker:
they didn't just give up on
1381
00:49:31,829 --> 00:49:32,349
Speaker:
this.
1382
00:49:32,349 --> 00:49:33,389
Speaker:
Oh. They did.
1383
00:49:33,389 --> 00:49:36,750
Speaker:
In some organs, the kidney, is a
pretty simple organ.
1384
00:49:36,750 --> 00:49:38,510
Speaker:
That's why they could start with
that.
1385
00:49:38,510 --> 00:49:39,070
Speaker:
Yeah.
1386
00:49:39,070 --> 00:49:43,869
Speaker:
And since it was a total death
sentence before, I guess people
1387
00:49:43,869 --> 00:49:46,260
Speaker:
were happy to get whatever time
they could get.
1388
00:49:46,260 --> 00:49:47,260
Speaker:
Oh, okay.
1389
00:49:47,260 --> 00:49:49,059
Speaker:
You know, I guess.
1390
00:49:49,059 --> 00:49:49,539
Speaker:
Yeah.
1391
00:49:49,539 --> 00:49:50,739
Speaker:
That's true.
1392
00:49:50,739 --> 00:49:54,300
Speaker:
But but yeah, by the time they
1393
00:49:54,300 --> 00:49:55,760
Speaker:
it, they started using
1394
00:49:55,760 --> 00:49:57,280
Speaker:
immunosuppressants like
1395
00:49:57,280 --> 00:49:58,659
Speaker:
cyclosporine.
1396
00:49:58,659 --> 00:49:59,260
Speaker:
Mhm.
1397
00:49:59,260 --> 00:50:00,699
Speaker:
The survival rate increased
1398
00:50:00,699 --> 00:50:02,519
Speaker:
dramatically by nineteen eighty
1399
00:50:02,519 --> 00:50:03,659
Speaker:
six.
1400
00:50:03,659 --> 00:50:05,300
Speaker:
There were nine thousand kidney
1401
00:50:05,300 --> 00:50:07,380
Speaker:
transplants that year with an
1402
00:50:07,380 --> 00:50:09,260
Speaker:
eighty five percent one year
1403
00:50:09,260 --> 00:50:10,139
Speaker:
success rate.
1404
00:50:10,139 --> 00:50:11,820
Speaker:
Survival rate.
1405
00:50:11,820 --> 00:50:12,380
Speaker:
Right.
1406
00:50:12,380 --> 00:50:14,300
Speaker:
It's pretty dramatic.
1407
00:50:14,300 --> 00:50:15,139
Speaker:
Yeah.
1408
00:50:15,139 --> 00:50:17,980
Speaker:
Difference in just twenty,
thirty years.
1409
00:50:17,980 --> 00:50:18,500
Speaker:
Yeah.
1410
00:50:18,500 --> 00:50:18,860
Speaker:
Yeah.
1411
00:50:18,860 --> 00:50:19,619
Speaker:
That's huge.
1412
00:50:19,619 --> 00:50:20,860
Speaker:
Mhm.
1413
00:50:20,860 --> 00:50:24,659
Speaker:
The survival rate of kidney
transplants is even higher now.
1414
00:50:24,659 --> 00:50:28,340
Speaker:
and patients survive years and
years with their new organs.
1415
00:50:28,340 --> 00:50:29,139
Speaker:
In general.
1416
00:50:29,139 --> 00:50:29,579
Speaker:
Yeah.
1417
00:50:29,579 --> 00:50:32,260
Speaker:
and even then you can get
another one.
1418
00:50:32,260 --> 00:50:33,659
Speaker:
Really.
1419
00:50:33,659 --> 00:50:34,260
Speaker:
Yeah.
1420
00:50:34,260 --> 00:50:34,820
Speaker:
Think about that.
1421
00:50:34,820 --> 00:50:35,099
Speaker:
Yeah.
1422
00:50:35,099 --> 00:50:39,960
Speaker:
My partner's mom had a kidney
transplant.
1423
00:50:39,960 --> 00:50:43,639
Speaker:
when she was a lot younger, from
her sister.
1424
00:50:43,639 --> 00:50:45,159
Speaker:
And because at that time, they
1425
00:50:45,159 --> 00:50:47,340
Speaker:
were still more trying to do,
1426
00:50:47,340 --> 00:50:49,659
Speaker:
the familial thing was the best
1427
00:50:49,659 --> 00:50:51,780
Speaker:
way to to go to find somebody
1428
00:50:51,780 --> 00:50:53,260
Speaker:
that was a really good match for
1429
00:50:53,260 --> 00:50:53,460
Speaker:
you.
1430
00:50:53,460 --> 00:50:53,699
Speaker:
Right.
1431
00:50:53,699 --> 00:50:54,420
Speaker:
Yeah.
1432
00:50:54,420 --> 00:50:58,960
Speaker:
And then, a couple years ago,
about two years ago, her kidneys
1433
00:50:58,960 --> 00:51:01,440
Speaker:
started, failing again.
1434
00:51:01,440 --> 00:51:06,980
Speaker:
So she got put on, the donor
list, and, you could have all
1435
00:51:06,980 --> 00:51:10,900
Speaker:
your family going, like, submit
testing and everything, but if
1436
00:51:10,900 --> 00:51:15,000
Speaker:
it wasn't, like, the perfect
match, then none of your family
1437
00:51:15,000 --> 00:51:17,000
Speaker:
could give you, like, your kids.
1438
00:51:17,000 --> 00:51:18,719
Speaker:
Like it has to be perfect.
1439
00:51:18,719 --> 00:51:19,179
Speaker:
Right?
1440
00:51:19,179 --> 00:51:19,619
Speaker:
Right.
1441
00:51:19,619 --> 00:51:21,079
Speaker:
and we got a call.
1442
00:51:21,079 --> 00:51:24,260
Speaker:
I think it was like two years
ago, maybe three years ago, at,
1443
00:51:24,260 --> 00:51:29,199
Speaker:
like, one o'clock in the morning
of Thanksgiving Day.
1444
00:51:29,199 --> 00:51:29,679
Speaker:
Oh, wow.
1445
00:51:29,679 --> 00:51:30,480
Speaker:
Yeah.
1446
00:51:30,480 --> 00:51:32,559
Speaker:
And there were, like, she got a
kidney.
1447
00:51:32,559 --> 00:51:33,960
Speaker:
Oh, wow.
1448
00:51:33,960 --> 00:51:34,840
Speaker:
Yeah.
1449
00:51:34,840 --> 00:51:36,440
Speaker:
They must be, so exciting.
1450
00:51:36,440 --> 00:51:38,880
Speaker:
It was so, so exciting.
1451
00:51:38,880 --> 00:51:40,320
Speaker:
We were so happy about that.
1452
00:51:40,320 --> 00:51:43,800
Speaker:
But, yeah, she had another
kidney transplant.
1453
00:51:43,800 --> 00:51:44,599
Speaker:
Wow.
1454
00:51:44,599 --> 00:51:45,239
Speaker:
That's interesting.
1455
00:51:45,239 --> 00:51:48,880
Speaker:
I didn't think about getting,
like, multiple transplants of
1456
00:51:48,880 --> 00:51:49,880
Speaker:
the same organ.
1457
00:51:49,880 --> 00:51:50,679
Speaker:
Yeah.
1458
00:51:50,679 --> 00:51:51,679
Speaker:
But, yeah, you can.
1459
00:51:51,679 --> 00:51:56,960
Speaker:
Okay, so then then there was the
first liver transplant happened
1460
00:51:56,960 --> 00:51:59,079
Speaker:
in the nineteen sixties.
1461
00:51:59,079 --> 00:52:00,239
Speaker:
Another doctor that was
1462
00:52:00,239 --> 00:52:02,739
Speaker:
instrumental in the, decades
1463
00:52:02,739 --> 00:52:06,840
Speaker:
long improvement and science of
1464
00:52:06,840 --> 00:52:09,260
Speaker:
starting transplants in general
1465
00:52:09,260 --> 00:52:11,099
Speaker:
was this guy, Doctor Thomas
1466
00:52:11,099 --> 00:52:12,300
Speaker:
Starzl.
1467
00:52:12,300 --> 00:52:16,889
Speaker:
And there were a lot of, early
attempts to do a liver
1468
00:52:16,889 --> 00:52:22,530
Speaker:
transplant, but the patients
only lasted a matter of days.
1469
00:52:22,530 --> 00:52:25,449
Speaker:
Again, just like the earliest
kidney transplants.
1470
00:52:25,449 --> 00:52:26,210
Speaker:
Mhm.
1471
00:52:26,210 --> 00:52:29,570
Speaker:
And although he did do one
1472
00:52:29,570 --> 00:52:30,889
Speaker:
successful transplant in
1473
00:52:30,889 --> 00:52:32,949
Speaker:
nineteen sixty three, by
1474
00:52:32,949 --> 00:52:35,030
Speaker:
nineteen sixty four it was
1475
00:52:35,030 --> 00:52:37,989
Speaker:
deemed too dangerous and all
1476
00:52:37,989 --> 00:52:39,230
Speaker:
liver transplant attempts were
1477
00:52:39,230 --> 00:52:39,789
Speaker:
stopped.
1478
00:52:39,789 --> 00:52:42,389
Speaker:
Like everyone agreed in the
medical community that we're
1479
00:52:42,389 --> 00:52:43,869
Speaker:
never going to do that again.
1480
00:52:43,869 --> 00:52:44,510
Speaker:
Wow.
1481
00:52:44,510 --> 00:52:47,550
Speaker:
But Doctor Thomas Starzl kept
researching.
1482
00:52:47,550 --> 00:52:48,469
Speaker:
He performed.
1483
00:52:48,469 --> 00:52:49,550
Speaker:
This is kind of sad.
1484
00:52:49,550 --> 00:52:50,550
Speaker:
You're not gonna like it.
1485
00:52:50,550 --> 00:52:54,829
Speaker:
Uh, he performed countless liver
transplants on dogs.
1486
00:52:54,829 --> 00:52:59,590
Speaker:
Oh. And he spent years
1487
00:52:59,590 --> 00:53:01,949
Speaker:
improving, all the different
1488
00:53:01,949 --> 00:53:03,610
Speaker:
types of complications that they
1489
00:53:03,610 --> 00:53:04,889
Speaker:
would have in those surgeries
1490
00:53:04,889 --> 00:53:06,070
Speaker:
and incorporating the new
1491
00:53:06,070 --> 00:53:07,269
Speaker:
immunosuppressants that they
1492
00:53:07,269 --> 00:53:08,610
Speaker:
were discovering.
1493
00:53:08,610 --> 00:53:09,110
Speaker:
Mhm.
1494
00:53:09,110 --> 00:53:13,030
Speaker:
And in nineteen sixty seven he
did another liver transplant.
1495
00:53:13,030 --> 00:53:16,429
Speaker:
And the recipient lived over one
year for the first time.
1496
00:53:16,429 --> 00:53:19,789
Speaker:
But similar to kidney
transplants, long term survival
1497
00:53:19,789 --> 00:53:22,510
Speaker:
wasn't common until much later
in the nineteen eighties.
1498
00:53:22,510 --> 00:53:25,750
Speaker:
Okay, then a bunch of other
organs.
1499
00:53:25,750 --> 00:53:26,869
Speaker:
I'm not going to go through all
of them.
1500
00:53:26,869 --> 00:53:30,750
Speaker:
But the heart transplants,
pancreas transplants, lungs,
1501
00:53:30,750 --> 00:53:34,309
Speaker:
many other types of organ
transplants followed that.
1502
00:53:34,309 --> 00:53:35,510
Speaker:
It was like a flurry.
1503
00:53:35,510 --> 00:53:36,789
Speaker:
It was like once they figured
1504
00:53:36,789 --> 00:53:37,869
Speaker:
out how to do it, they were
1505
00:53:37,869 --> 00:53:38,909
Speaker:
like, what if we did it on this
1506
00:53:38,909 --> 00:53:39,190
Speaker:
organ?
1507
00:53:39,190 --> 00:53:40,110
Speaker:
What if we did it on this organ?
1508
00:53:40,110 --> 00:53:41,150
Speaker:
What if we did it on this organ?
1509
00:53:41,150 --> 00:53:43,349
Speaker:
Imagine being like that first
person.
1510
00:53:43,349 --> 00:53:44,510
Speaker:
Yeah.
1511
00:53:44,510 --> 00:53:47,869
Speaker:
Hey, we were thinking maybe we
could do this transplant thing
1512
00:53:47,869 --> 00:53:50,309
Speaker:
with lung, like, uh.
1513
00:53:50,309 --> 00:53:51,750
Speaker:
Okay.
1514
00:53:51,750 --> 00:53:58,389
Speaker:
Yeah, I found some interesting
stuff on Uno's website.
1515
00:53:58,389 --> 00:54:01,769
Speaker:
Is that how you say it, Eunos or
1516
00:54:01,769 --> 00:54:05,869
Speaker:
what is the Uno's I think it's
1517
00:54:05,869 --> 00:54:06,570
Speaker:
Eunos.
1518
00:54:06,570 --> 00:54:07,570
Speaker:
Okay.
1519
00:54:07,570 --> 00:54:09,409
Speaker:
You know, on their website, they
1520
00:54:09,409 --> 00:54:11,849
Speaker:
have a big timeline, of all the
1521
00:54:11,849 --> 00:54:15,070
Speaker:
different firsts and, they, they
1522
00:54:15,070 --> 00:54:16,869
Speaker:
have it on their timelines,
1523
00:54:16,869 --> 00:54:18,369
Speaker:
things like simultaneous
1524
00:54:18,369 --> 00:54:20,349
Speaker:
transplants for the first time,
1525
00:54:20,349 --> 00:54:21,210
Speaker:
which I thought was really
1526
00:54:21,210 --> 00:54:21,769
Speaker:
interesting.
1527
00:54:21,769 --> 00:54:23,969
Speaker:
Like in nineteen sixty six, they
1528
00:54:23,969 --> 00:54:25,730
Speaker:
did the first simultaneous
1529
00:54:25,730 --> 00:54:28,469
Speaker:
kidney and pancreas transplant
1530
00:54:28,469 --> 00:54:29,489
Speaker:
man.
1531
00:54:29,489 --> 00:54:32,269
Speaker:
And, for a while they did that
right.
1532
00:54:32,269 --> 00:54:32,710
Speaker:
Yeah.
1533
00:54:32,710 --> 00:54:37,030
Speaker:
They can do like, um, lung heart
transplants also.
1534
00:54:37,030 --> 00:54:37,429
Speaker:
Wow.
1535
00:54:37,429 --> 00:54:38,469
Speaker:
And stuff like that.
1536
00:54:38,469 --> 00:54:44,289
Speaker:
but for a while, the the process
of finding an organ for someone
1537
00:54:44,289 --> 00:54:47,849
Speaker:
who needed one was very
difficult because there was no
1538
00:54:47,849 --> 00:54:51,050
Speaker:
organization that had a
registry, and you would get a
1539
00:54:51,050 --> 00:54:54,250
Speaker:
call, and all the hospitals all
over worked together.
1540
00:54:54,250 --> 00:54:55,789
Speaker:
That didn't exist at all.
1541
00:54:55,789 --> 00:54:58,750
Speaker:
So it was just like if you were
in the hospital and there
1542
00:54:58,750 --> 00:55:02,730
Speaker:
happened to be another patient
in that hospital that was dying
1543
00:55:02,730 --> 00:55:05,349
Speaker:
and had an organ to give you,
then you could do it.
1544
00:55:05,349 --> 00:55:09,150
Speaker:
But otherwise there was no way
to do it right.
1545
00:55:09,150 --> 00:55:11,489
Speaker:
And it was again in the nineteen
1546
00:55:11,489 --> 00:55:14,070
Speaker:
eighties when they started
1547
00:55:14,070 --> 00:55:16,150
Speaker:
incorporating, a national
1548
00:55:16,150 --> 00:55:17,030
Speaker:
registry.
1549
00:55:17,030 --> 00:55:17,710
Speaker:
Right.
1550
00:55:17,710 --> 00:55:20,309
Speaker:
The United Network for Organ
Sharing.
1551
00:55:20,309 --> 00:55:21,349
Speaker:
Okay.
1552
00:55:21,349 --> 00:55:22,670
Speaker:
That's what you know.
1553
00:55:22,670 --> 00:55:23,190
Speaker:
Mhm.
1554
00:55:23,190 --> 00:55:28,969
Speaker:
I found some really weird
transplants that are more recent
1555
00:55:28,969 --> 00:55:32,989
Speaker:
in more recent times that are
kind of cool.
1556
00:55:32,989 --> 00:55:35,869
Speaker:
There was this one guy and he
1557
00:55:35,869 --> 00:55:38,630
Speaker:
lost both of his arms twenty
1558
00:55:38,630 --> 00:55:39,429
Speaker:
years ago.
1559
00:55:39,429 --> 00:55:41,530
Speaker:
in, a work accident.
1560
00:55:41,530 --> 00:55:42,809
Speaker:
Um, here.
1561
00:55:42,809 --> 00:55:44,289
Speaker:
His name is crazy.
1562
00:55:44,289 --> 00:55:47,630
Speaker:
He's Icelandic, so I'll join you
1563
00:55:47,630 --> 00:55:48,949
Speaker:
in pronouncing things wrong
1564
00:55:48,949 --> 00:55:49,510
Speaker:
here.
1565
00:55:52,190 --> 00:55:53,469
Speaker:
Felix.
1566
00:55:55,590 --> 00:55:56,469
Speaker:
Grétarsson.
1567
00:55:56,469 --> 00:56:00,789
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah yeah, yeah, I know, I
definitely know who that is.
1568
00:56:00,789 --> 00:56:07,230
Speaker:
Yep, he received the world's
first double arm and shoulder
1569
00:56:07,230 --> 00:56:10,449
Speaker:
transplant in France.
1570
00:56:10,449 --> 00:56:11,130
Speaker:
Wow.
1571
00:56:11,130 --> 00:56:12,449
Speaker:
And it was successful.
1572
00:56:12,449 --> 00:56:13,329
Speaker:
Wow.
1573
00:56:13,329 --> 00:56:19,010
Speaker:
Like they took someone else's
shoulders and arms.
1574
00:56:19,010 --> 00:56:20,610
Speaker:
Oh my gosh.
1575
00:56:20,610 --> 00:56:27,570
Speaker:
And put them on him in two
thousand twenty one, bro.
1576
00:56:27,570 --> 00:56:29,409
Speaker:
I'm even scared to cut my own
1577
00:56:29,409 --> 00:56:31,289
Speaker:
finger off and see if they could
1578
00:56:31,289 --> 00:56:32,289
Speaker:
reattach it.
1579
00:56:32,289 --> 00:56:34,969
Speaker:
Like, at your own finger to be
reattached.
1580
00:56:34,969 --> 00:56:35,969
Speaker:
Exactly.
1581
00:56:35,969 --> 00:56:38,409
Speaker:
I feel like that wouldn't even
work that great.
1582
00:56:38,409 --> 00:56:38,809
Speaker:
Yeah.
1583
00:56:38,809 --> 00:56:41,170
Speaker:
He approached this doctor who
1584
00:56:41,170 --> 00:56:42,469
Speaker:
was giving a lecture in two
1585
00:56:42,469 --> 00:56:43,809
Speaker:
thousand and seven on the topic,
1586
00:56:43,809 --> 00:56:46,070
Speaker:
and the doctor agreed to take
1587
00:56:46,070 --> 00:56:46,630
Speaker:
his case.
1588
00:56:46,630 --> 00:56:48,909
Speaker:
He was lecturing on the
1589
00:56:48,909 --> 00:56:50,269
Speaker:
possibility of doing something
1590
00:56:50,269 --> 00:56:53,510
Speaker:
like this, and he came to France
1591
00:56:53,510 --> 00:56:55,150
Speaker:
in twenty eleven for a bunch of
1592
00:56:55,150 --> 00:56:57,429
Speaker:
testing, and they planned the
1593
00:56:57,429 --> 00:57:00,269
Speaker:
surgery for years, and it lasted
1594
00:57:00,269 --> 00:57:02,110
Speaker:
fifteen hours.
1595
00:57:02,110 --> 00:57:07,610
Speaker:
And he went on Good Morning
Britain in twenty twenty two to
1596
00:57:07,610 --> 00:57:10,590
Speaker:
like, discuss the aftermath
eighteen months post-op.
1597
00:57:10,590 --> 00:57:11,429
Speaker:
Right.
1598
00:57:11,429 --> 00:57:16,389
Speaker:
And he said he's got partial
touch sensation throughout all
1599
00:57:16,389 --> 00:57:18,630
Speaker:
of his entire arms.
1600
00:57:18,630 --> 00:57:19,349
Speaker:
Okay.
1601
00:57:19,349 --> 00:57:23,670
Speaker:
And he demonstrated that he was
able to like lift light objects,
1602
00:57:23,670 --> 00:57:27,090
Speaker:
hold hands with someone, use a
broom, hug, shake hands, shower,
1603
00:57:27,090 --> 00:57:28,829
Speaker:
dress themselves, walk a dog.
1604
00:57:28,829 --> 00:57:31,510
Speaker:
Wow, with someone else's arms.
1605
00:57:31,510 --> 00:57:34,789
Speaker:
Now, I guess I know the answer,
kind of.
1606
00:57:34,789 --> 00:57:37,349
Speaker:
But like, how long was he
missing arms?
1607
00:57:37,349 --> 00:57:39,150
Speaker:
Twenty years.
1608
00:57:39,150 --> 00:57:41,210
Speaker:
See, that just seems.
1609
00:57:43,809 --> 00:57:47,730
Speaker:
Like, I would think, okay, I
just chopped my arm off.
1610
00:57:47,730 --> 00:57:48,050
Speaker:
Right?
1611
00:57:48,050 --> 00:57:50,489
Speaker:
Hey, quick, put somebody else's
on.
1612
00:57:50,489 --> 00:57:52,210
Speaker:
Right then.
1613
00:57:52,210 --> 00:57:52,610
Speaker:
Okay.
1614
00:57:52,610 --> 00:57:54,530
Speaker:
Twenty years later, here's the
1615
00:57:54,530 --> 00:57:55,969
Speaker:
funniest part of that whole
1616
00:57:55,969 --> 00:57:56,610
Speaker:
story.
1617
00:57:56,610 --> 00:58:00,489
Speaker:
Uh, in twenty twenty four, he
ran for president of Iceland.
1618
00:58:00,489 --> 00:58:01,489
Speaker:
Oh, boy.
1619
00:58:08,010 --> 00:58:10,090
Speaker:
He's obviously qualified.
1620
00:58:13,010 --> 00:58:13,650
Speaker:
What?
1621
00:58:13,650 --> 00:58:14,130
Speaker:
Yeah.
1622
00:58:14,130 --> 00:58:15,130
Speaker:
Oh my gosh.
1623
00:58:15,130 --> 00:58:16,130
Speaker:
Super funny.
1624
00:58:16,130 --> 00:58:17,889
Speaker:
Oh my gosh.
1625
00:58:17,889 --> 00:58:20,050
Speaker:
Okay, so that was one, we can
1626
00:58:20,050 --> 00:58:23,369
Speaker:
also recently do uterine
1627
00:58:23,369 --> 00:58:24,170
Speaker:
transplants.
1628
00:58:24,170 --> 00:58:25,130
Speaker:
Did you know that.
1629
00:58:25,130 --> 00:58:26,550
Speaker:
I don't think I knew that in
1630
00:58:26,550 --> 00:58:28,809
Speaker:
twenty fourteen, the first baby
1631
00:58:28,809 --> 00:58:30,489
Speaker:
was born from a patient with a
1632
00:58:30,489 --> 00:58:31,809
Speaker:
uterus transplant.
1633
00:58:31,809 --> 00:58:32,690
Speaker:
Wow.
1634
00:58:32,690 --> 00:58:36,550
Speaker:
And now over one hundred uterine
transplants have been done in
1635
00:58:36,550 --> 00:58:38,389
Speaker:
the US and worldwide.
1636
00:58:38,389 --> 00:58:42,829
Speaker:
Okay, so if you have something
that hurts your uterus and
1637
00:58:42,829 --> 00:58:45,849
Speaker:
you're still young and you want
to have kids, so you don't want
1638
00:58:45,849 --> 00:58:47,829
Speaker:
to just have a hysterectomy.
1639
00:58:47,829 --> 00:58:48,150
Speaker:
Yeah.
1640
00:58:48,150 --> 00:58:49,929
Speaker:
It's for people who have like a
1641
00:58:49,929 --> 00:58:51,869
Speaker:
non-functioning uterus or if
1642
00:58:51,869 --> 00:58:54,349
Speaker:
they were born with a like a
1643
00:58:54,349 --> 00:58:55,409
Speaker:
defect or something, if they
1644
00:58:55,409 --> 00:58:57,590
Speaker:
were born without a uterus, but
1645
00:58:57,590 --> 00:58:59,409
Speaker:
they have the rest of their
1646
00:58:59,409 --> 00:59:01,269
Speaker:
reproductive system and no
1647
00:59:01,269 --> 00:59:01,909
Speaker:
uterus.
1648
00:59:01,909 --> 00:59:02,909
Speaker:
Oh, interesting.
1649
00:59:02,909 --> 00:59:03,590
Speaker:
Okay.
1650
00:59:03,590 --> 00:59:06,389
Speaker:
Or if they've had to have their
uterus removed for some reason.
1651
00:59:06,389 --> 00:59:09,389
Speaker:
Well, I was saying like, if
unfortunately, like cancer or
1652
00:59:09,389 --> 00:59:12,949
Speaker:
something in your uterus and
they wanted to take out your
1653
00:59:12,949 --> 00:59:16,230
Speaker:
whole uterus, like they wanted
to do a uterine ectomy or
1654
00:59:16,230 --> 00:59:20,329
Speaker:
whatever it is, then you can
still have kids and stuff.
1655
00:59:20,329 --> 00:59:24,199
Speaker:
Like, it's not just End of your
options.
1656
00:59:24,199 --> 00:59:25,519
Speaker:
Exactly.
1657
00:59:25,519 --> 00:59:27,519
Speaker:
Unfortunately, it doesn't yet
1658
00:59:27,519 --> 00:59:29,699
Speaker:
work for transgender women,
1659
00:59:29,699 --> 00:59:31,239
Speaker:
where they might want to have
1660
00:59:31,239 --> 00:59:33,360
Speaker:
children, but they don't have a
1661
00:59:33,360 --> 00:59:36,440
Speaker:
child producing reproductive
1662
00:59:36,440 --> 00:59:37,199
Speaker:
system.
1663
00:59:37,199 --> 00:59:38,599
Speaker:
Right.
1664
00:59:38,599 --> 00:59:41,360
Speaker:
So one transgender woman tried
1665
00:59:41,360 --> 00:59:44,079
Speaker:
to have this procedure and see
1666
00:59:44,079 --> 00:59:45,800
Speaker:
if she could carry a child in
1667
00:59:45,800 --> 00:59:48,199
Speaker:
this uterus transplanted into
1668
00:59:48,199 --> 00:59:48,559
Speaker:
her.
1669
00:59:48,559 --> 00:59:48,840
Speaker:
Right.
1670
00:59:48,840 --> 00:59:52,000
Speaker:
But, it wasn't successful.
1671
00:59:52,000 --> 00:59:53,880
Speaker:
It had to be removed.
1672
00:59:53,880 --> 00:59:54,599
Speaker:
Mm.
1673
00:59:54,599 --> 00:59:55,840
Speaker:
Yeah.
1674
00:59:55,840 --> 00:59:58,280
Speaker:
And I wonder why not.
1675
00:59:58,280 --> 01:00:00,340
Speaker:
I guess it's like the rest of
1676
01:00:00,340 --> 01:00:02,460
Speaker:
the reproductive system is
1677
01:00:02,460 --> 01:00:03,639
Speaker:
necessary.
1678
01:00:03,639 --> 01:00:06,739
Speaker:
Not just the uterus, but you
would think we'd be able to,
1679
01:00:06,739 --> 01:00:11,380
Speaker:
like, replicate, like hormones,
and you know what I mean?
1680
01:00:11,380 --> 01:00:11,619
Speaker:
Yeah.
1681
01:00:11,619 --> 01:00:12,579
Speaker:
It's ongoing.
1682
01:00:12,579 --> 01:00:12,900
Speaker:
Yeah.
1683
01:00:12,900 --> 01:00:14,300
Speaker:
I think this is something that
1684
01:00:14,300 --> 01:00:15,820
Speaker:
other people will want in the
1685
01:00:15,820 --> 01:00:16,420
Speaker:
community.
1686
01:00:16,420 --> 01:00:18,659
Speaker:
I think it's probably going to
be possible one day.
1687
01:00:18,659 --> 01:00:20,980
Speaker:
I imagine that would be crazy
cool.
1688
01:00:20,980 --> 01:00:22,059
Speaker:
That would be crazy.
1689
01:00:22,059 --> 01:00:23,780
Speaker:
Yeah, that would be awesome.
1690
01:00:23,780 --> 01:00:30,219
Speaker:
Apparently you can also, get a
transplant of eyes, hands, whole
1691
01:00:30,219 --> 01:00:31,780
Speaker:
arms like that guy.
1692
01:00:31,780 --> 01:00:36,219
Speaker:
You can even replace your own
thumb with your own toe.
1693
01:00:36,219 --> 01:00:38,179
Speaker:
Oh, right.
1694
01:00:38,179 --> 01:00:41,460
Speaker:
I don't want my thumb toe on my
thumb.
1695
01:00:42,900 --> 01:00:46,380
Speaker:
They, like, shave it to look
more like a thumb.
1696
01:00:46,380 --> 01:00:49,059
Speaker:
No. Uh, no. They don't.
1697
01:00:49,059 --> 01:00:51,059
Speaker:
You would just be thumbless.
1698
01:00:51,059 --> 01:00:52,460
Speaker:
You wouldn't take the toe.
1699
01:00:52,460 --> 01:00:53,579
Speaker:
I would go thumbless.
1700
01:00:53,579 --> 01:00:56,340
Speaker:
Look how small my toes are.
1701
01:00:56,340 --> 01:00:58,739
Speaker:
That would look ridiculous.
1702
01:00:58,739 --> 01:00:59,940
Speaker:
Uh, okay.
1703
01:00:59,940 --> 01:01:02,980
Speaker:
Um, there's even been a penis
transplant.
1704
01:01:02,980 --> 01:01:04,099
Speaker:
Oh, okay.
1705
01:01:04,099 --> 01:01:07,320
Speaker:
In two thousand and six, in
China.
1706
01:01:07,320 --> 01:01:07,599
Speaker:
Wait.
1707
01:01:07,599 --> 01:01:08,000
Speaker:
Why?
1708
01:01:08,000 --> 01:01:12,139
Speaker:
There was a guy that had, like,
an accident and his penis was,
1709
01:01:12,139 --> 01:01:15,400
Speaker:
like, cut off, and he just had,
like, a little stump.
1710
01:01:15,400 --> 01:01:17,440
Speaker:
I was thinking, and he couldn't
penis.
1711
01:01:17,440 --> 01:01:18,960
Speaker:
And he wanted very well.
1712
01:01:18,960 --> 01:01:22,880
Speaker:
And, Yeah, he couldn't have any
sexual intercourse.
1713
01:01:22,880 --> 01:01:23,679
Speaker:
Mhm.
1714
01:01:23,679 --> 01:01:27,159
Speaker:
but the this is what the article
said.
1715
01:01:27,159 --> 01:01:27,880
Speaker:
Okay.
1716
01:01:27,880 --> 01:01:30,840
Speaker:
It said the man and his wife
were so shocked by the
1717
01:01:30,840 --> 01:01:34,960
Speaker:
appearance that he had it
removed fifteen days later.
1718
01:01:34,960 --> 01:01:36,119
Speaker:
Oh my God.
1719
01:01:36,119 --> 01:01:37,719
Speaker:
He was like never mind.
1720
01:01:39,639 --> 01:01:42,800
Speaker:
Oh my God.
1721
01:01:42,800 --> 01:01:43,960
Speaker:
You know, maybe he should have
1722
01:01:43,960 --> 01:01:45,320
Speaker:
tried to ride that out a little
1723
01:01:45,320 --> 01:01:49,360
Speaker:
bit longer, because fifteen days
1724
01:01:49,360 --> 01:01:51,199
Speaker:
you could like, maybe get used
1725
01:01:51,199 --> 01:01:51,679
Speaker:
to it.
1726
01:01:51,679 --> 01:01:55,239
Speaker:
I was gonna say, maybe you
should try to just a little bit
1727
01:01:55,239 --> 01:02:00,159
Speaker:
longer, because isn't it a fact
that a lot of people that do
1728
01:02:00,159 --> 01:02:04,440
Speaker:
different types of, plastic
surgeries and stuff can have
1729
01:02:04,440 --> 01:02:06,860
Speaker:
some weird response to it?
1730
01:02:06,860 --> 01:02:07,500
Speaker:
Yeah.
1731
01:02:07,500 --> 01:02:09,400
Speaker:
Originally psychologically.
1732
01:02:09,400 --> 01:02:09,760
Speaker:
Right.
1733
01:02:09,760 --> 01:02:10,360
Speaker:
Exactly.
1734
01:02:10,360 --> 01:02:14,300
Speaker:
if you get a breast implant, you
go, oh my gosh, this isn't me.
1735
01:02:14,300 --> 01:02:16,559
Speaker:
this is not what I've been used
to looking at.
1736
01:02:16,559 --> 01:02:21,920
Speaker:
Like, so I think maybe he should
have kept it a little longer.
1737
01:02:21,920 --> 01:02:24,699
Speaker:
Yeah, I don't know, but, um,
1738
01:02:24,699 --> 01:02:27,699
Speaker:
actually, I'll take my wow
1739
01:02:27,699 --> 01:02:29,159
Speaker:
little stump.
1740
01:02:29,159 --> 01:02:30,679
Speaker:
Okay.
1741
01:02:30,679 --> 01:02:32,320
Speaker:
Poor guy.
1742
01:02:32,320 --> 01:02:34,480
Speaker:
His wife probably didn't want
him to have it removed.
1743
01:02:34,480 --> 01:02:36,840
Speaker:
No, it said the appearance ended
1744
01:02:36,840 --> 01:02:38,719
Speaker:
up shocking both he and his
1745
01:02:38,719 --> 01:02:39,239
Speaker:
wife.
1746
01:02:39,239 --> 01:02:41,039
Speaker:
So turn off the lights, bro.
1747
01:02:43,039 --> 01:02:44,239
Speaker:
Oh, man.
1748
01:02:44,239 --> 01:02:46,760
Speaker:
We've even started to,
1749
01:02:46,760 --> 01:02:48,840
Speaker:
experiment with Xeno
1750
01:02:48,840 --> 01:02:51,340
Speaker:
transplantations, which are
1751
01:02:51,340 --> 01:02:54,239
Speaker:
cross-species transplants.
1752
01:02:54,239 --> 01:02:56,800
Speaker:
Um. So I don't like this.
1753
01:02:56,800 --> 01:02:57,320
Speaker:
Yeah.
1754
01:02:57,320 --> 01:03:02,619
Speaker:
There's been several attempts,
people getting a transplant of
1755
01:03:02,619 --> 01:03:03,739
Speaker:
an organ from an animal.
1756
01:03:03,739 --> 01:03:08,219
Speaker:
Like a chimpanzee liver or a pig
trachea.
1757
01:03:08,219 --> 01:03:09,860
Speaker:
Yeah, stuff like that.
1758
01:03:09,860 --> 01:03:11,960
Speaker:
it's not been very successful.
1759
01:03:11,960 --> 01:03:18,320
Speaker:
Um. There's a few patients that
live a matter of months, but
1760
01:03:18,320 --> 01:03:21,639
Speaker:
then they inevitably reject it.
1761
01:03:21,639 --> 01:03:22,280
Speaker:
Yeah.
1762
01:03:22,280 --> 01:03:25,360
Speaker:
Even more so than human
transplant rejections.
1763
01:03:25,360 --> 01:03:31,059
Speaker:
Um, but current research is
trying to genetically modify pig
1764
01:03:31,059 --> 01:03:36,679
Speaker:
kidneys in order to transplant
them with fewer complications.
1765
01:03:36,679 --> 01:03:41,460
Speaker:
One was done successfully in
twenty twenty four, but the man
1766
01:03:41,460 --> 01:03:45,320
Speaker:
died two months later, not
because of the transplant.
1767
01:03:45,320 --> 01:03:47,639
Speaker:
He had problems with his heart,
1768
01:03:47,639 --> 01:03:49,639
Speaker:
apparently, and died of other
1769
01:03:49,639 --> 01:03:50,719
Speaker:
reasons.
1770
01:03:50,719 --> 01:03:51,199
Speaker:
But.
1771
01:03:51,199 --> 01:03:52,639
Speaker:
But it was successful.
1772
01:03:52,639 --> 01:03:53,400
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah.
1773
01:03:53,400 --> 01:03:55,500
Speaker:
Mm. I think I'd be okay with it
1774
01:03:55,500 --> 01:03:57,920
Speaker:
if they could just grow the
1775
01:03:57,920 --> 01:03:59,559
Speaker:
organ, like from stem cells or
1776
01:03:59,559 --> 01:04:00,559
Speaker:
something.
1777
01:04:00,559 --> 01:04:02,280
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah.
1778
01:04:02,280 --> 01:04:03,639
Speaker:
I think that's what they're
doing.
1779
01:04:03,639 --> 01:04:07,480
Speaker:
No no no I don't think I would
do that.
1780
01:04:07,480 --> 01:04:09,480
Speaker:
No, no I mean stem cell.
1781
01:04:09,480 --> 01:04:09,679
Speaker:
Yeah.
1782
01:04:09,679 --> 01:04:13,480
Speaker:
But not you wouldn't take an
organ from an animal.
1783
01:04:13,480 --> 01:04:16,800
Speaker:
I don't think so I really don't.
1784
01:04:16,800 --> 01:04:17,079
Speaker:
Yeah.
1785
01:04:17,079 --> 01:04:20,960
Speaker:
That's just that's that's a lot.
1786
01:04:20,960 --> 01:04:23,000
Speaker:
There's one more thing I thought
was interesting.
1787
01:04:23,000 --> 01:04:26,360
Speaker:
I hadn't written it down, but I
just remembered that, in that
1788
01:04:26,360 --> 01:04:28,579
Speaker:
time period between the nineteen
sixties and the nineteen
1789
01:04:28,579 --> 01:04:31,300
Speaker:
eighties, when they started to
get more successful.
1790
01:04:31,300 --> 01:04:31,820
Speaker:
Mhm.
1791
01:04:31,820 --> 01:04:37,860
Speaker:
One reason is because they
changed, how they determined
1792
01:04:37,860 --> 01:04:43,139
Speaker:
that the donor was like dead to
give the organ.
1793
01:04:43,139 --> 01:04:43,659
Speaker:
Mhm.
1794
01:04:43,659 --> 01:04:45,679
Speaker:
Because before they were waiting
1795
01:04:45,679 --> 01:04:48,599
Speaker:
until there was no heartbeat or
1796
01:04:48,599 --> 01:04:51,219
Speaker:
until, you know, they were like
1797
01:04:51,219 --> 01:04:52,500
Speaker:
pronouncing them dead much
1798
01:04:52,500 --> 01:04:53,619
Speaker:
later.
1799
01:04:53,619 --> 01:04:57,860
Speaker:
But when they started to
pronounce them dead when they
1800
01:04:57,860 --> 01:04:59,019
Speaker:
were brain dead.
1801
01:04:59,019 --> 01:04:59,539
Speaker:
Right.
1802
01:04:59,539 --> 01:05:02,300
Speaker:
But their body was still
functioning.
1803
01:05:02,300 --> 01:05:02,820
Speaker:
Yeah.
1804
01:05:02,820 --> 01:05:04,539
Speaker:
Then the organ transplant
1805
01:05:04,539 --> 01:05:05,619
Speaker:
started to become more
1806
01:05:05,619 --> 01:05:06,300
Speaker:
successful.
1807
01:05:06,300 --> 01:05:06,619
Speaker:
Yeah.
1808
01:05:06,619 --> 01:05:07,739
Speaker:
Because I think they try and
1809
01:05:07,739 --> 01:05:09,059
Speaker:
keep them alive for a certain
1810
01:05:09,059 --> 01:05:10,460
Speaker:
amount of time sometimes just
1811
01:05:10,460 --> 01:05:11,300
Speaker:
to.
1812
01:05:11,300 --> 01:05:11,659
Speaker:
Yeah.
1813
01:05:11,659 --> 01:05:13,219
Speaker:
Do that transplant.
1814
01:05:13,219 --> 01:05:13,980
Speaker:
Yeah.
1815
01:05:13,980 --> 01:05:14,659
Speaker:
Mhm.
1816
01:05:14,659 --> 01:05:17,139
Speaker:
Because at that point once their
1817
01:05:17,139 --> 01:05:18,739
Speaker:
whole body stopped functioning
1818
01:05:18,739 --> 01:05:20,980
Speaker:
it's rapid decline of
1819
01:05:20,980 --> 01:05:23,380
Speaker:
functionality in the organs as
1820
01:05:23,380 --> 01:05:23,780
Speaker:
well.
1821
01:05:23,780 --> 01:05:24,179
Speaker:
Yeah.
1822
01:05:24,179 --> 01:05:27,380
Speaker:
So if they could get them sooner
1823
01:05:27,380 --> 01:05:29,239
Speaker:
because that person is already
1824
01:05:29,239 --> 01:05:30,420
Speaker:
dead if they're brain dead,
1825
01:05:30,420 --> 01:05:30,880
Speaker:
right?
1826
01:05:30,880 --> 01:05:31,360
Speaker:
You know.
1827
01:05:31,360 --> 01:05:31,920
Speaker:
Yeah.
1828
01:05:31,920 --> 01:05:34,079
Speaker:
then it was more successful.
1829
01:05:34,079 --> 01:05:34,519
Speaker:
Wow.
1830
01:05:34,519 --> 01:05:35,079
Speaker:
Nice.
1831
01:05:35,079 --> 01:05:35,800
Speaker:
Yeah.
1832
01:05:35,800 --> 01:05:36,960
Speaker:
Mm.
1833
01:05:36,960 --> 01:05:37,400
Speaker:
Okay.
1834
01:05:37,400 --> 01:05:41,000
Speaker:
So that's what I learned about
all about organ transplants.
1835
01:05:41,000 --> 01:05:42,440
Speaker:
I like that this week.
1836
01:05:42,440 --> 01:05:43,199
Speaker:
That's crazy.
1837
01:05:43,199 --> 01:05:43,920
Speaker:
It's weird.
1838
01:05:43,920 --> 01:05:45,199
Speaker:
Yeah, it is weird.
1839
01:05:45,199 --> 01:05:47,119
Speaker:
I couldn't believe the double
arm guy.
1840
01:05:47,119 --> 01:05:47,960
Speaker:
That's a weird one.
1841
01:05:47,960 --> 01:05:48,880
Speaker:
That's the weirdest one.
1842
01:05:48,880 --> 01:05:49,119
Speaker:
Right.
1843
01:05:49,119 --> 01:05:50,239
Speaker:
That's a weird one.
1844
01:05:50,239 --> 01:05:51,320
Speaker:
Really weird.
1845
01:05:51,320 --> 01:05:53,760
Speaker:
And I do not want finger toes or
whatever.
1846
01:05:53,760 --> 01:05:55,519
Speaker:
You don't want toe fingers.
1847
01:05:55,519 --> 01:05:55,960
Speaker:
You don't want.
1848
01:05:55,960 --> 01:05:57,639
Speaker:
No, you don't want a toe thumb.
1849
01:05:57,639 --> 01:05:58,559
Speaker:
No I don't.
1850
01:05:58,559 --> 01:06:01,440
Speaker:
Apparently it like like works.
1851
01:06:01,440 --> 01:06:04,360
Speaker:
You can't bend it like you would
bend a thumb.
1852
01:06:04,360 --> 01:06:06,000
Speaker:
Like it has that joint in the
middle.
1853
01:06:06,000 --> 01:06:07,199
Speaker:
Yeah, you can't do that.
1854
01:06:07,199 --> 01:06:09,719
Speaker:
But you can, grasp things.
1855
01:06:09,719 --> 01:06:11,159
Speaker:
No, I don't think so.
1856
01:06:11,159 --> 01:06:11,840
Speaker:
Okay.
1857
01:06:15,920 --> 01:06:16,639
Speaker:
Ah, okay.
1858
01:06:16,639 --> 01:06:18,079
Speaker:
It reminded me of those, like,
1859
01:06:18,079 --> 01:06:20,719
Speaker:
thumb people from Spy Kids
1860
01:06:20,719 --> 01:06:21,179
Speaker:
movie.
1861
01:06:21,179 --> 01:06:21,940
Speaker:
Do you remember that?
1862
01:06:21,940 --> 01:06:22,619
Speaker:
Yeah.
1863
01:06:23,940 --> 01:06:24,619
Speaker:
That's true.
1864
01:06:24,619 --> 01:06:25,659
Speaker:
That's very true.
1865
01:06:25,659 --> 01:06:29,920
Speaker:
so sources will be in the show
notes as usual.
1866
01:06:29,920 --> 01:06:30,800
Speaker:
Yep.
1867
01:06:30,800 --> 01:06:32,360
Speaker:
Like, subscribe.
1868
01:06:32,360 --> 01:06:33,880
Speaker:
Do whatever.
1869
01:06:33,880 --> 01:06:35,679
Speaker:
Show us that.
1870
01:06:35,679 --> 01:06:36,239
Speaker:
Show us.
1871
01:06:36,239 --> 01:06:36,920
Speaker:
People are.
1872
01:06:36,920 --> 01:06:38,360
Speaker:
People are out there.
1873
01:06:38,360 --> 01:06:41,519
Speaker:
We need to hear your your
messages.
1874
01:06:41,519 --> 01:06:45,579
Speaker:
Carve your name in the tree, in
1875
01:06:45,579 --> 01:06:47,679
Speaker:
the tree to let us know that
1876
01:06:47,679 --> 01:06:49,000
Speaker:
you're here.
1877
01:06:49,000 --> 01:06:51,880
Speaker:
Oh, that's a good one.
1878
01:06:51,880 --> 01:06:54,159
Speaker:
we'll be back in two weeks.
1879
01:06:54,159 --> 01:06:55,840
Speaker:
In two weeks?
1880
01:06:55,840 --> 01:06:58,719
Speaker:
we'll see what what we got going
on, then?
1881
01:06:58,719 --> 01:06:59,239
Speaker:
Yep.
1882
01:06:59,239 --> 01:07:01,440
Speaker:
We'll see how I pronounce
things.
1883
01:07:01,440 --> 01:07:06,960
Speaker:
We'll see how many things we get
right and wrong.
1884
01:07:06,960 --> 01:07:07,519
Speaker:
Mhm.
1885
01:07:07,519 --> 01:07:08,079
Speaker:
Yep.
1886
01:07:08,079 --> 01:07:08,760
Speaker:
Yep.
1887
01:07:10,280 --> 01:07:11,400
Speaker:
All right.
1888
01:07:11,400 --> 01:07:12,679
Speaker:
Thanks for listening.
1889
01:07:12,679 --> 01:07:13,079
Speaker:
Bye.
1890
01:07:13,079 --> 01:07:13,679
Speaker:
Talk to you later.
1891
01:07:13,679 --> 01:07:14,320
Speaker:
Bye.