82-Complex Learning Processes

It is important that we not misinterpret incoming sensory information, and illusions allow us to study how come incoming information can lead to faulty perception. Some incoming information is usually interpreted accurately due to size and shape constancy.

Organissms can be conditioned to discriminate among two or more stimuli, and then be tested for stimulus generalization to assess whether or not they have a concept for the stimulus that was rewarded in discrimination learning.

Visual and auditory stimuli below the absolute threshold are not easily perceived, but are used in advertising and elsewhere. Backmaksing speech and/or music is difficult to create and typically requires priming to detect.

Reinforcement, which is always rewarding and will increase responding, is defined by the presentation or withdrawal of positive or negative reinforcers, which also involves two types of punishment.