00:00:00.160 --> 00:00:08.240
Please note the Council for Responsible Nutrition, CRN, does not endorse any guest appearing on this podcast or any products or services they may discuss.
00:00:08.720 --> 00:00:14.080
The views and opinions expressed by guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of CRN.
00:00:14.400 --> 00:00:15.679
Thank you and enjoy the episode.
00:00:29.839 --> 00:00:35.840
You are listening to Supplement Source, the official podcast of the Council for Responsible Nutrition.
00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:38.240
And now your host, Jeff Ventura.
00:00:38.640 --> 00:00:40.799
Hello, and thank you for listening to Supplement Source.
00:00:40.880 --> 00:00:46.560
My name is Jeff Ventura, and I am the Vice President of Communications here at the Council for Responsible Nutrition.
00:00:46.719 --> 00:00:57.039
I am absolutely delighted to be joined by a very well-known and well-regarded uh man who uh orbits and often intersects the supplement industry, Dr.
00:00:57.119 --> 00:01:00.479
Michael Murray, the Chief Science Advisor for iHerb.
00:01:00.719 --> 00:01:00.880
Dr.
00:01:01.039 --> 00:01:02.880
Murray, thank you so much for joining today.
00:01:03.359 --> 00:01:04.239
My pleasure, Jeff.
00:01:04.400 --> 00:01:05.760
We've got a lot to talk about.
00:01:05.840 --> 00:01:13.680
Um I think maybe I'll start by just saying flat out that you've helped shape the field of naturopathic medicine for decades.
00:01:14.000 --> 00:01:21.040
You authored numerous books, not to mention textbook of natural medicine, educating practitioners worldwide.
00:01:21.359 --> 00:01:29.200
Curious, looking back, what changes in the healthcare landscape have surprised you the most and what still needs to change?
00:01:29.599 --> 00:01:42.319
Well, uh honestly, uh I'm very happy with the the progress that uh natural approaches to health and healing have made uh since I graduated from Basseter University in 1985.
00:01:42.640 --> 00:01:45.519
And uh the best from nature is yet to come.
00:01:45.599 --> 00:01:49.840
Uh, we're just scratching the surface, I think, is in terms of what is possible.
00:01:50.000 --> 00:01:53.840
I for example, I know peptides are a big uh focus these days.
00:01:54.000 --> 00:02:03.519
And uh the uh the the truth is is the real treasure trove uh in the peptide realm is is from the foods that we eat and from our own microbiome.
00:02:03.760 --> 00:02:11.439
And so I think this is going to open up uh a lot of uh opportunities for our for our industry and medicine as a whole and into the future.
00:02:11.599 --> 00:02:25.439
We're we're going to get there eventually, uh and what I'm talking to uh about getting to is the use of uh these natural gifts that nature has given us uh to promote our health and healing.
00:02:25.599 --> 00:02:37.680
And uh we we are in the midst of this uh discovery process, and it's it's just a phenomenal uh life uh to be involved in this field, and I'm sure you feel the same way.
00:02:38.080 --> 00:02:38.639
Absolutely.
00:02:38.800 --> 00:02:54.319
And I and I think part of that uh is really appreciating the balance between some of the ethos around traditional healing uh and its intersection with uh evidence-based evidence-based medicine.
00:02:54.479 --> 00:02:57.120
And so can can you tell me a little bit about that?
00:02:57.280 --> 00:03:02.960
I mean, in terms of the increasing demands for you know scientific validation in the supplement market today.
00:03:03.439 --> 00:03:16.560
When I first started uh learning about nutrition and herbal products, our knowledge of uh pharmacology and physiology uh wasn't where it was then that it that it is now.
00:03:16.639 --> 00:03:19.280
And they they just didn't have the sophistication.
00:03:19.599 --> 00:03:28.000
And the greater our technology and understanding uh has grown, the greater our appreciation for nature.
00:03:28.159 --> 00:03:34.240
Uh uh one of my favorite books is is my least popular one by sales, and it's that's the magic of food.
00:03:34.479 --> 00:03:47.680
And in that book, I I put a lot of uh interesting factoids about nutrition and and uh and and the ways in which uh food compounds work in our body.
00:03:47.759 --> 00:04:00.639
And uh I I remember uh back when I was writing this book, I I uh I found some articles on Chinese honeysuckle, which had long been used in in treating uh respiratory tract infections.
00:04:00.800 --> 00:04:08.479
And this study was looking at uh uh micro RNA components of honeysuckle as being the responsible factors.
00:04:08.560 --> 00:04:22.399
Now everybody knows about uh micro RNA uh with with all the uh the the the COVID experience, but you know back then it was it was it was just getting uh started, and what they found was was amazing.
00:04:22.639 --> 00:04:37.360
They took uh two groups of mice, and they, well, first of all, they they found that uh the Chinese honeysuckle contained these microRNAs and they exhibited significant uh antiviral activity against H1N1.
00:04:37.759 --> 00:04:40.879
Uh and they then uh took two groups of mice.
00:04:41.120 --> 00:04:47.120
One group got the honeysuckle extract, the other got uh a control, a placebo.
00:04:47.199 --> 00:04:48.720
Uh they didn't get anything.
00:04:48.800 --> 00:04:57.839
Uh and what they found was is that ever all the mice died in the uh in the in the control group, and uh none of the mice died in the in the honeysuckle group.
00:04:57.920 --> 00:04:59.600
And then they asked, well, what's going on here?
00:04:59.759 --> 00:05:10.079
And they found that the uh microRNAs were actually uh uh exuded in the respiratory tract secretions and had activity against H1N1.
00:05:10.879 --> 00:05:14.000
Really amazing, groundbreaking uh research.
00:05:14.079 --> 00:05:25.839
And and I just wonder of all the food compounds, all the uh botanical compounds that we ingest and the microbes in our gut, what they're producing.
00:05:26.079 --> 00:05:33.279
I I just really think uh we're gonna have a completely different uh system of medicine in the future.
00:05:33.439 --> 00:05:49.360
We're gonna be looking at uh not only our our our genetic uh aspects, but also our epigenetic aspects to determine which foods, which supplements, which herbs can be the best utilized for each individual.
00:05:49.519 --> 00:05:51.120
Uh that's the future I see.
00:05:51.519 --> 00:06:02.000
I want to pull you back to peptides for a minute because uh it, you know, they are, as you mentioned, uh receiving quite a bit of uh attention.
00:06:02.079 --> 00:06:11.360
Uh certainly uh the influencer community, the main mainstream press, there are people are tuning in to peptides now.
00:06:11.600 --> 00:06:17.600
Um tell me more about tell me more about your perspective in terms of the potential of peptides.
00:06:18.079 --> 00:06:21.199
Well, first of all, I think there's some risks that have to be addressed.
00:06:21.360 --> 00:06:38.560
And uh uh we have widespread use of these peptides that really haven't been tested, and we we have to recognize that uh any pharmacologically active uh compound, whether it's natural or or synthetic, uh, runs a risk of risks uh for side effects.
00:06:38.800 --> 00:06:46.720
And uh we don't know the long-term uh side effects of of uh many of these these peptide approaches, including GLP1s.
00:06:46.879 --> 00:06:50.720
Uh and um you know so that that kind of concerns me.
00:06:50.959 --> 00:06:59.360
Uh one of the most interesting uh avenues of peptide research uh is the work that Russell has done.
00:06:59.680 --> 00:07:03.120
They're one of the largest producers of of collagen.
00:07:03.360 --> 00:07:19.600
And they they came out with a brilliant uh peptide called Nextita, and they showed that it had uh some ability to uh uh accentuate GLP1 activity and help control blood sugar uh levels.
00:07:19.759 --> 00:07:28.000
And if you look at the results from their their studies, this is basically a drug-like effect.
00:07:28.160 --> 00:07:34.000
Their effects on uh fasting blood sugar level are phenomenal.
00:07:34.319 --> 00:08:02.399
Now uh that product never seemed to get much traction in the marketplace, uh, you know, trying to um educate uh not only our industry but also consumers on on what it actually does is very difficult without uh uh uh you know making some comparisons to uh the impact that drugs like metformin or or even Ozempic have on blood sugar levels.
00:08:02.480 --> 00:08:16.639
Uh but the research itself, I think, is a good example of the potential of using uh food-based peptides in place of uh of drugs or some of these injectable peptides.
00:08:16.720 --> 00:08:18.319
And and I think that's what we're gonna find.
00:08:18.480 --> 00:08:33.679
I think we're gonna find uh that that there is a treasure trove of uh peptides that uh can be uh standardized and uh utilized in the dietary supplement industry to promote health.
00:08:34.159 --> 00:08:35.519
And healthy aging, I would assume.
00:08:36.000 --> 00:08:36.960
Oh, for for sure.
00:08:37.200 --> 00:08:52.320
I mean, um yeah, it's it's and you know, most of the active sites for uh protein uh hormone-like compounds and peptides, it's usually just a few uh amino acids.
00:08:52.399 --> 00:08:55.120
They they bind to a receptor site and they activate it.
00:08:55.279 --> 00:09:10.559
So um it's not too far-fetched that we'll be focused on uh you know tri pepti amino acid uh peptides, very, very small peptides uh that can be easily absorbed and it produce significant health benefits.
00:09:11.120 --> 00:09:13.039
It's funny we talk about peptides.
00:09:13.120 --> 00:09:17.600
It's sort of the the latest thing that consumers consumers are grappling with too.
00:09:17.679 --> 00:09:20.639
You know, they whether they understand it or not is another question.
00:09:20.799 --> 00:09:27.600
Um you you've done so much uh in terms of your your sort of body of research, all of your writing.
00:09:27.679 --> 00:09:39.840
What what do you feel are some of the misconceptions in natural health that you still feel are misunderstood by the public even in this modern information age that we find ourselves in?
00:09:40.159 --> 00:09:45.200
Well, I'm gonna, you know, the first thing that comes to mind is this whole uh idea of antioxidants.
00:09:45.360 --> 00:09:52.480
We have a uh there's a couple of things there, so I'll just go on a little riff here and explain what I think are the some of the big misconceptions.
00:09:52.639 --> 00:09:56.240
The first is that all antioxidants act in the same manner.
00:09:56.399 --> 00:09:58.159
The truth is that they don't.
00:09:58.320 --> 00:10:12.000
Uh, there are as many antioxidants as there are musical instruments in an orchestra, and uh we need uh a very broad complex of these antioxidants to provide ultimate protection.
00:10:12.320 --> 00:10:16.879
Uh so uh some antioxidants are very specific in their action.
00:10:17.039 --> 00:10:29.360
You know, all the caratenoids are basically singlet oxygen scavengers, whereas you know, we look at some of the polyphenols, they exert significant uh broad spectrum antioxidant.
00:10:29.440 --> 00:10:31.120
But there's a caveat there.
00:10:31.759 --> 00:10:44.399
Those in vitro studies mean nothing because we cannot achieve the same concentration in our body that that they can in some of these in vitro antioxidant studies.
00:10:44.639 --> 00:10:47.840
And that's okay because these are different.
00:10:47.919 --> 00:10:50.480
Uh I'm a big fan of polyphenols.
00:10:50.559 --> 00:11:00.639
Uh and one thing that people don't understand is that these compounds, when they're circulating in our body, they're not circulating in a free form.
00:11:00.799 --> 00:11:04.080
These are highly pharmacologically active compounds.
00:11:04.320 --> 00:11:06.960
So nature has built in a safeguard.
00:11:07.279 --> 00:11:12.960
These compounds circulate either bound to glucuronic acid or sulfur molecules.
00:11:13.360 --> 00:11:18.480
The reason is they are only activated and released at sites of need.
00:11:18.559 --> 00:11:19.919
And I think that's brilliant.
00:11:20.080 --> 00:11:24.480
I think that's beautiful, and that's really uh magical.
00:11:24.879 --> 00:11:37.759
And that's that's one of the reasons why I came up with this title, uh The Magic of Food, because you know, uh Sir Arthur Clark said it well, any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.
00:11:37.919 --> 00:11:40.639
And the greatest technology in the universe is nature.
00:11:40.879 --> 00:11:51.919
So nature is built in a way for these significantly pharmacologically active compounds to circulate in our bodies in an uh inactive form.
00:11:52.480 --> 00:12:06.559
So they they showed uh back in, I think it was 2004, uh, quite convincingly that uh, for example, when mitochondria get damaged, they start released, causing the release of glucuronidase.
00:12:06.720 --> 00:12:15.840
This is the end an enzyme that that breaks that bond between uh flavonoid like quercetin and the glucuronide.
00:12:16.000 --> 00:12:26.480
So it breaks that, we absorb into the cell uh the the uh flavonoid, and this is where it's the true magic occurs.
00:12:26.799 --> 00:12:39.200
It's not that it's so much of a direct antioxidant, but it increases our own production of uh of antioxidants, and that's the real magic.
00:12:39.519 --> 00:12:56.639
So it's all these uh downstream actions on uh genetic expression and uh our own production of beneficial compounds and inhibition of pro-inflammatory compounds.
00:12:56.799 --> 00:12:58.399
It's a beautiful dance.
00:12:58.559 --> 00:13:02.080
We're very lucky to have this safeguard.
00:13:02.320 --> 00:13:09.360
And the bottom line is that our health is improved by by flooding our bodies with these beneficial compounds.
00:13:09.440 --> 00:13:16.320
They're very safe, and when our body needs them, uh they're there to be to be utilized.
00:13:16.480 --> 00:13:18.399
You know, I'm 68 years old.
00:13:18.559 --> 00:13:20.480
I've been at this a long time.
00:13:20.799 --> 00:13:28.639
Uh I I discovered uh natural approaches to health and healing when I was 19 years old, so almost almost 50 years.
00:13:28.720 --> 00:13:44.320
And I had an epiphany when I was uh studying physics, when I saw a prism and I saw uh the all the different uh uh colors in the spectrum, and it occurred to me that uh you know food has a lot of colors.
00:13:44.399 --> 00:14:02.799
So I was one of the first advocates of this rainbow diet, and uh I have on a concerted effort flooded my body with plant pigments for uh almost 50 years, and I think that that's one of the the secrets to my health, uh vitality, and longevity.
00:14:03.279 --> 00:14:05.679
Well, uh our listeners can't see you.
00:14:05.759 --> 00:14:16.159
Uh I can because we have the video aspect of this, and I can honestly say I cannot believe that you're 68 years old, and I want you to email me exactly whatever you're taking.
00:14:16.320 --> 00:14:16.720
Yeah.
00:14:17.840 --> 00:14:18.960
I'll send you the link.
00:14:19.120 --> 00:14:26.639
I have uh at drmurie.com, I have a list of uh my personalized supplement program, and I invest in health.
00:14:26.720 --> 00:14:40.159
I I probably even though I get these products uh you know at it uh at virtually cost, uh, you know, I'm still spending 500, 600 bucks a month on on dietary supplements, and I just think it's a good investment.
00:14:40.240 --> 00:14:44.720
And and uh, you know, I keep adding things uh to it all the time.
00:14:44.879 --> 00:14:57.919
Uh you know, my my latest uh uh compound that I'm really uh bullish on and want to uh talk to people about is ergothionine, which are major uh dietary sources, mushrooms.
00:14:58.000 --> 00:15:01.919
And virtually all mushrooms contain a fair amount of ergothionine.
00:15:02.000 --> 00:15:08.240
Uh shiitake, mitake uh uh are among the tops, Rishi as well.
00:15:08.399 --> 00:15:18.320
But this compound, ergothionine, it's a single amino acid, and it exerts a lot of the same benefits that people are aware of that glutathione produces.
00:15:18.399 --> 00:15:29.519
But glutathione is a tripeptide, it contains three amino acids, and uh it's an example of what I'm talking about in terms of uh peptides in nature.
00:15:29.600 --> 00:15:34.879
Uh but ergothionine is really uh uh an interesting compound.
00:15:35.039 --> 00:15:42.240
It uh it exerts many of the same benefits that that glutathione is uh exerting.
00:15:42.480 --> 00:15:47.039
And as I uh said, mushrooms are our primary dietary source.
00:15:47.200 --> 00:15:51.519
And we talk a lot about blue zones and areas of increased longevity.
00:15:51.679 --> 00:16:00.639
You can make a very strong case that uh longevity in different populations is based upon the intake of mushrooms.
00:16:00.879 --> 00:16:10.879
And uh uh studies have shown that even modest mushroom consumption can produce significant effects in longevity in in uh in populations.
00:16:11.120 --> 00:16:13.360
So uh I think uh you know, Dr.
00:16:13.440 --> 00:16:45.279
Bruce Ames, one of the most famous scientists of the of the 20th uh century and into the 21st century, uh, referred to it as the longevity vitamin, and for good reason it has this uh longevity promoting effect, as does many other recently discovered compounds, you know, PQQ, pyroquinoline quinone, uh, I think will someday be granted uh vitamin status, and it works in conjunction with coenzyme Q10 in wondrous ways in promoting mitochondrial health.
00:16:45.440 --> 00:16:58.480
And uh this is another supplement that uh that I like to talk about as well, because uh it's found in intergalactic dust, and life on this planet is dependent upon PQQ.
00:16:58.720 --> 00:17:09.759
It's found uh in intergalactic dust, and it may be the the real spark of life, and it's it it has some pretty darn amazing uh health benefits.
00:17:09.920 --> 00:17:13.680
So I think it'll be be uh an up-and-coming longevity new.
00:17:13.920 --> 00:17:17.039
It's been out now for for quite a while, at least 10 years.
00:17:17.440 --> 00:17:18.559
What do you make, Doctor?
00:17:18.640 --> 00:17:24.480
Of uh we see this a lot too in uh coverage uh of the supplement industry.
00:17:24.720 --> 00:17:27.599
Supplement stacking, which is kind of what we're talking about.
00:17:27.759 --> 00:17:30.240
We but now it has a name, it has a cool name.
00:17:30.400 --> 00:17:34.000
Uh but uh what are the pros and cons of supplement stacking?
00:17:34.079 --> 00:17:39.200
I mean, you you you you this is a real buzz, you know, buzz phrase on the internet.
00:17:39.519 --> 00:17:48.319
Um and it's largely dominated by you know influencers who are you know sharing their supplement stacks.
00:17:48.480 --> 00:17:52.240
Um good thing, bad thing, something that's always been around.
00:17:52.319 --> 00:17:56.559
Um you say you've you take a probably a fair amount of supplements.
00:17:57.920 --> 00:18:01.920
Yeah, um uh I take a I take a ton of things.
00:18:02.000 --> 00:18:04.160
I take nearly 30 supplements a day.
00:18:04.480 --> 00:18:05.119
Wow, okay.
00:18:05.519 --> 00:18:10.160
And uh uh I I think intelligent stacking uh makes great sense.
00:18:10.319 --> 00:18:16.559
There's synergy among these compounds, and it it goes beyond one plus one equaling three.
00:18:16.880 --> 00:18:25.759
We see dramatic uh increased uh benefits with uh these interactions among these these uh these compounds.
00:18:25.839 --> 00:18:30.160
They don't work as isolated compounds in many instances.
00:18:30.319 --> 00:18:32.000
They work as part of a system.
00:18:32.160 --> 00:18:47.680
So if you if you take the full system and uh uh if we if we take a look at everything that our body can benefit from, that system is enormous, uh, you're gonna see uh additive or synergistic effects.
00:18:47.759 --> 00:18:49.119
So I'm a big fan of that.
00:18:49.279 --> 00:18:51.039
You just have to be smart about it.
00:18:51.200 --> 00:19:00.400
Uh and uh um, you know, the things that we're concerned about are maybe excess levels of certain minerals and vitamins.
00:19:00.559 --> 00:19:12.079
But uh, you know, in terms of uh these physiological uh enhancers, uh, I think there's every good reason to take advantage of them in supplemental form.
00:19:12.319 --> 00:19:32.960
Uh I I I just I just developed uh a product in my own product line uh called Mediterranean Actives, and I'm very excited about it because when you start looking at the the uh uh equivalent levels of getting some of these phytonutrients in foods, it's it's it's amazing.
00:19:33.119 --> 00:19:46.799
I mean, you you for you know we can put in a capsule uh the equivalent level of phytochemical, important phytochemicals from all these Mediterranean foods, uh, but you you would not be able to consume them.
00:19:46.960 --> 00:20:09.599
I mean, we can provide uh equivalents to you know a thousand uh uh grapes, we can uh we you know we can provide the equivalent to uh you know 10,000 olives, we can provide the equivalents to uh huge amounts from our artichokes consumption, and and and so on and so on, tomatoes, etc.
00:20:10.000 --> 00:20:18.559
So I think it's a way to concentrate some of the uh health benefits in a very easily consumed manner.
00:20:18.720 --> 00:20:22.559
And uh, you know, we've been doing that a long time in our industry.
00:20:22.640 --> 00:20:36.160
And if you look at what I take, yeah, you know, you're you need that foundation of all your essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals, uh omega-3 fatty acids, uh, vitamin D3, and a good plant-based antioxidant.
00:20:36.240 --> 00:20:37.920
Those are my foundation supplements.
00:20:38.160 --> 00:20:57.519
But you know, we got to take advantage of all these uh other uh compounds and uh you know uh uh creatine, uh flavonoids, uh carotenoids, uh uh various uh uh amino acids and peptides and and all these other physiological enhancers.
00:20:57.599 --> 00:21:09.920
It's it just makes a lot of sense in my mind if you if you want to maximize your health, if you want to give your body uh the best chance of functioning uh at an advanced age, if you want to protect your brain.
00:21:10.079 --> 00:21:15.359
Uh uh you know, our brain is the most metabolically active tissue in our body.
00:21:15.519 --> 00:21:29.839
And so if we don't For some of us, for some of us, if we don't take care of it, uh we don't protect it and enhance it, it's it's gonna it's gonna atrophy, it's gonna shrink, it's gonna uh uh degenerate.
00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:31.440
And uh we don't want that.
00:21:31.599 --> 00:21:34.400
We want to be vibrant uh into our later years.
00:21:34.640 --> 00:21:44.240
You know, I I I when I look at uh long-lived people, the one uh one guy that really uh uh amazes me is Dick Van Dyke.
00:21:44.319 --> 00:21:45.519
I saw a video of him.
00:21:45.680 --> 00:21:50.720
He had his hundredth birthday uh a few months ago, and he's out there dancing.
00:21:51.039 --> 00:21:52.640
You know, it's just amazing.
00:21:52.799 --> 00:21:54.079
He's still a great dancer.
00:21:54.160 --> 00:21:59.759
He's he's fluid, he's he's got flexibility, he's got rhythm, it's and he's laughing.
00:21:59.839 --> 00:22:04.559
And uh I think I think we can all learn a lot from from uh from that man.
00:22:04.640 --> 00:22:08.000
And I'm and we need to we need to know what his supplement stack is.
00:22:08.240 --> 00:22:11.599
Uh yeah, well, I think a big part of that is laughter.
00:22:11.759 --> 00:22:15.279
I think uh, you know, laughter is the best medicine.
00:22:15.359 --> 00:22:16.480
And and that's the thing.
00:22:16.640 --> 00:22:21.279
I mean, uh uh supplements are important, but they are just that.
00:22:21.440 --> 00:22:33.920
They're designed to be used to support a healthy lifestyle, uh getting enough sleep, exercising, uh, meditating, all the good stuff, and avoiding the the bad uh lifestyle factors.
00:22:34.160 --> 00:22:41.920
You have to have a positive mental attitude, you have to learn to laugh and uh and have emotional intelligence.
00:22:42.000 --> 00:22:44.319
Uh and then you have to have a healthy diet.
00:22:44.400 --> 00:22:49.359
You you can't be uh eating poorly and expecting supplements to save the day.
00:22:49.599 --> 00:22:53.359
Uh you've got to still eat a healthy, healthy diet.
00:22:53.599 --> 00:22:56.559
So uh those all those are yeah.
00:22:56.880 --> 00:23:00.400
I well, I was just gonna say words of wisdom for sure.
00:23:00.640 --> 00:23:08.960
And uh getting back to my earlier observation, um, if you're 68 years old, um boy, you know what you're doing.
00:23:09.119 --> 00:23:16.400
So we we really do we really do appreciate you coming on on our podcast and sharing these insights, Doctor.
00:23:16.559 --> 00:23:22.960
Um, I'm sure that our listenership will really uh find what you've what you've said today insightful, and we thank you so much.
00:23:23.359 --> 00:23:24.000
Well, thank you.
00:23:24.160 --> 00:23:30.720
And uh I want to encourage anyone in our industry to reach out to me if if if uh if they have a question.
00:23:30.880 --> 00:23:37.440
I'm very uh magnanimous and gracious with uh with my uh time and expertise.
00:23:37.599 --> 00:23:41.839
We're part of a movement that's really important and we're all on the same team.
00:23:42.079 --> 00:23:46.319
So uh if people want to reach out to me, they they can they can do so.
00:23:46.880 --> 00:23:47.359
Dr.
00:23:47.519 --> 00:23:50.160
Michael Murray, we thank you very much.
00:23:50.480 --> 00:23:51.759
My pleasure.