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STUART GARY: This is SpaceTime
series 29, episode 88 for
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broadcast on the 24th of July
2026. Coming up on SpaceTime,
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00:00:08,810 --> 00:00:13,149
the hellish worlds orbiting a
nearby star, Australia's role in
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India's manned space program,
and the latest mission to the
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International Space Station. All
that and more coming up on
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SpaceTime.
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SPK_1: Welcome to space time
with Stuart Garry.
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STUART GARY: Astronomers have
painted the most detailed
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portrait yet of the planetary
system orbiting Barnard Star,
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the sun's closest stellar
neighbor after the Alpha
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Centauri Star system. Barnard
Star is located just under 6
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light years away. In 2025,
astronomers discovered four
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planets orbiting the star. All
are smaller than the Earth, but
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larger than Mars, and therefore
represent a type of planet not
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found in our own solar system.
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A report in the Journal Of The
Monthly Notices Of The Royal
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Astronomical Society says that
by analyzing the chemical makeup
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of the star, the authors were
able to determine that these
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planets are rich in a rare
mineral called periclase, which
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on Earth is only found hundreds
of kilometers below the surface.
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The study's lead author, Xander
Byrne from Cambridge University,
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says Barnard's Star has an
enormous amount of the element
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magnesium compared to other
stars, so its planets are also
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likely to be rich in magnesium.
Byrne says that here on Earth,
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magnesium goes into making
minerals called olivines, which
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are really important for storing
water within the planet.
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On the planet's orbiting Barnard
Star, however, the authors found
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that the abundance of magnesium
creates huge quantities of
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Pericles, which doesn't readily
store water. The other point is
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that these planets all orbit
really close in to their host
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star, a red dwarf, and so
they're constantly being blasted
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by stellar winds and the
occasional stellar flare, making
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them highly unlikely to retain
any atmosphere.
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Burns says that even the
outermost of these planets
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orbits 10 times closer to
Barnard's Star than Mercury
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orbits to the sun. He says at
most, the planets could have
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held onto their atmospheres for
maybe 2 billion years, much
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shorter than the system's 10
billion year age.
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And being so close to their host
star has another consequence,
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the planets are all tightly
locked. Just like the same side
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of the moon always faces the
Earth, the planets orbiting
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Barnard's Star always only ever
showed the one face to their
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star, and as a result, each
planet has one hemisphere locked
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in eternal daylight while the
other is in everlasting night.
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Planetary systems as compact as
the one around Barnard Star are
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often unstable, with
gravitational interactions
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between planets, sometimes
leading to them colliding,
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falling onto the star, or being
ejected from the system
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completely. However, the authors
found that the phenomenon known
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as orbital resonance might be
helping to stabilize the planets
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in the Barnard Star system.
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It seems the length of the years
for the inner three planets in
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the system are in a 9 to 12 to
16 ratio. And these are the same
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orbital harmonies that are
responsible for stabilizing the
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orbits of the moons of Jupiter
and so may also be protecting
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the Barnard Star system from
gravitational disarray.
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This is SpaceTime. Still to
come, Australia's role in India
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's manned space program and a
new mission to the International
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Space Station. All that and more
still to come on SpaceTime.
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India's manned space program is
moving ahead with the
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commissioning of a new space
tracking station on Australia's
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Cocos Keeling Islands.
Coordinated by the Australian
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Space Agency ASAP for the Indian
Space Research Organization, the
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facility will support the nation
's Ganyan Human spaceflight
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program.
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The commissioning was a key
feature of Indian Prime Minister
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Modi's visit to Melbourne for
the 3rd Australia-India annual
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summit. The new dish will
provide mission critical
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tracking support for 4 planned
Gagganan missions. The flights
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will all launch aboard a
human-rated version of the GSLV
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Mark 3 rocket and carry a crew
capsule fitted with a service
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module.
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The first of the unmanned test
flights is expected to launch
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soon from India's Shettish
Dawant Space Center on the Bay
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Of Bengal coast. Eventually, a
manned mission will launch a
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crew of 3 astronauts into a 400
kilometer high orbit on what
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will initially be a 3 day
mission, splashing down in the
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Indian Ocean.
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ASA worked with other government
agencies as well as Australian
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defense and space company
Nervous Systems to establish
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telemetry terminals in the
remote islands in order to track
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the four missions. The Cocos
Keeling Islands are a remote
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Australian external territory in
the Indian Ocean, comprising 27
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coral islands across two atolls
located roughly 3000 kilometers
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northwest of Perth.
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The territory has a population
of around 600 and is a haven for
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wildlife. This is SpaceTime.
Still to come, the latest
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00:05:15,750 --> 00:05:18,429
mission to the International
Space Station and later in the
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00:05:18,429 --> 00:05:22,029
science report. A new study has
shown that 5 decades of pop
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music has slowly shifted towards
becoming more self-focused. All
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that and more still to come on
SpaceTime.
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A Russian Soyuz MS-29 spacecraft
has successfully docked with the
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International Space Station 3
hours into orbit after launching
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from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in
the central Asian republic of
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Kazakhstan.
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SPK_2: We are in the final
moments of the launch countdown
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for the Soyuz MS-29 spacecraft,
which is encapsulated on top the
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Soyuz 2.1A booster. This rocket
is preparing to launch. NASA
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astrout Neil Mennon and Rosk.
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Most cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and
Anna Kikina on a two orbit 3
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hour journey to the
International Space Station,
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where they will remain for an 8
month mission. The booster's
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fuel tanks are now being
pressurized for flight, which
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helps to optimize the flow of
fuel and add structural support
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to the rocket. That liftoff
scheduled to take place at 9:47
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and 43 seconds a.m. Central
Time, 10:47 and 43.
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Seconds a.m. Eastern Time, which
is 7:43 and 43 seconds in
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Baikonur. Just under T minus 1.5
minutes away from today's
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liftoff. It is a 12th window. So
now that we are inside that
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Mark, the ground propellant feed
has now been terminated to the
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Soyuz booster.
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In about 15 seconds, the Soyuz
will officially be on internal
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power. And then once we get to
the min. 35 2nd Mark, the first
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umbilical tower will separate
from the booster, and we will
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have auto sequence start, which
will be followed by the ground
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umbilical to the third stage
disconnecting, and then around T
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minus 15 seconds, the second
umbilical tower will separate,
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which will initiate engine
sequence start.
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We are less than 1 minute away
from today's liftoff of the
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Soyuz MS-29 spacecraft, which
means the Soyuz is now on
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internal power.
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SPK_3: Power separation of the
first umbilical tower from the
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booster.
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SPK_2: The separation of the
first umbilical tower has now
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separated from the booster, so
we have auto sequence start, and
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the second umbilical tower will
separate momentarily, which will
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initiate engine sequence start.
We are under 20 seconds away
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from today's launch.
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SPK_3: Launch command issued for
ignition.
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SPK_2: The launch command has
been issued.
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SPK_3: The 2nd tower separates
engine 1 pumps at speed.
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SPK_2: Booster ignition now at
full throttle and liftoff.
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Minin, Dubrov and Kikina now on
their way to the International
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Space Station as part of a two
orbit journey. We have a good
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roll, pitch, and yaw as we head
downrange.
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SPK_5: Engines of the 1st and
2nd stage are functioning
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normally.
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SPK_2: We have confirmation that
the 1st and 2nd stage engines
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have good performance. We have
good structural parameter
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performance, and the Soyuz is
delivering 930,000 pounds of
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thrust from its four boosters
and single engine. The first
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stage of the Soyuz measures 68
ft in length and 24 ft in
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diameter, burning liquid fuel
for the 1st 2 minutes and 6
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seconds of flight.
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We're now 1 minute into today's
flight. Everything continuing to
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proceed. As planned and the
velocity is currently 1100 MPH.
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The flight is nominal. We're now
1 minute and 20 seconds into
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today's flight of the Soyuz
MS-29 spacecraft on top that
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Soyuz 2.1A booster.
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We still have good first stage
performance. The escape tower
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has been jettisoned and
momentarily that we see there,
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the four strap on boosters have
been jettisoned, and these have
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completed their job and have
dropped away at an altitude of
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28 statute miles.
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The Soyuz is now. Traveling at
about 3350 miles an hour and
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that launch shroud has now been
jettisoned and the rocket's
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altitude is now about 48 miles
high. Everything continuing to
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proceed as planned and receiving
good reports from the blockhouse
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in Baikonur. The Soyuz is now
traveling at a speed of about
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4700 MPH.
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The Soyuz core stage is
performing as expected, and the
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core stage of the Soyuz is 56 ft
in length, 13.5. Feet in
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diameter with a single engine
with four fuel chambers
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providing between 178,000 and
220,000 pounds of thrust for its
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3 minutes and 28 seconds of
operation.
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SPK_3: Control system parameters
nominal the.
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SPK_2: Soyuz as it continues its
flight uphill. It is about an 8
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minute and 52nd total ride to
orbit before we have that third
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stage separation, and the Soyuz
spacecraft will be on its way to
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chase the International Space
Station. The Stage, once it was
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ignited, continues to burn until
the 4 minute 43 2nd Mark, which
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is coming up in about 30 seconds
from now.
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And the Soyuz uses what's called
a hot stage technique, and the
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third stage will then ignite
while the second is still
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burning. And this is why the
Soyuz has an open area in
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between the 2nd and 3rd stages.
So the third stage did begin
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igniting at that 4 minute 45 2nd
Mark, which means the second
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stage is now shutting down. And
we do have confirmation of
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second stage separation.
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SPK_3: Separation of second
stage.
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SPK_2: And that separation
taking place at an altitude of
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105 miles. So the Soyuz is now
being propelled by the single
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engine of the Soyuz third stage,
and this engine is providing
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67,000 pounds of thrust and will
burn for a total of 4 minutes
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and 2 seconds. That third stage
shutdown taking place about 8
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minutes and 46 seconds into
today's launch, about 3 minutes
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from now, shortly followed by
that third stage separation.
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SPK_3: 360 seconds pitch nominal
copy on board. Everything is
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fine.
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SPK_2: We are continuing to
receive good reports of good
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pitch and yaw of the spacecraft
as it continues its journey
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uphill, and about a minute from
now, the velocity of the
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spacecraft will reach about
13,500 miles an hour.
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Again, all of those performance
callouts that you're hearing,
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those are being reported. The
engineers at the block house in
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Baikonur after orbital
insertion, the command will
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officially be transitioned to
the Russian Mission Control
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Center in Kov, right outside of
Moscow.
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SPK_3: Calm has gotten worse.
Everything is fine on board. We
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are feeling great.
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Still, calm is not ideal.
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SPK_2: Once the 3rd stage
delivers the Soyuz to orbit and
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the module is separated, a
series of pre-programmed
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commands will be executed to
prepare. Sways for orbital
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operations. Everything is fine.
These stored commands called
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time tagged commands allow many
of the SAS's systems to be
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automatically activated by
onboard computers at precise
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times stored in those computers.
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We are about 15 seconds away
from that third stage cutoff and
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separation. Getting ready for
separation, and we have
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confirmation of preliminary
separation of that 3rd stage. So
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again, that 3rd stage cutoff and
separation taking place about 8
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minutes. And 50 seconds into
today's flight, and we have
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00:12:33,197 --> 00:12:36,877
confirmation that the Soyuz
MS-29 spacecraft has been
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officially inserted into orbit.
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So the Soyuz capsule and its
crew are now safely in orbit,
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and the spacecraft is
automatically executing its
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pre-programmed commands, which
then deployed those solar
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arrays. Those preprogrammed
controls also deploy the
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antennas. So now that the Soyuz
spacecraft and its crew are
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safely in orbit, control of the
spacecraft. From here on out we
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will be overseen from the
Russian Mission Control Center
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outside of Moscow in Koryov.
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STUART GARY: The Soyuz docked
onto the Nadir port of Russia's
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Prakal module as the two
spacecraft were flying at some
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00:13:09,950 --> 00:13:13,109
418 kilometers above the
Mediterranean Sea.
227
00:13:13,270 --> 00:13:16,130
SPK_6: The target is in the
center of the periscope.
228
00:13:16,500 --> 00:13:22,710
SPK_8: Target crosses are
aligned 8 meters, just 8 m now
229
00:13:22,710 --> 00:13:25,049
separating Soyuz and Prushal
copy.
230
00:13:27,299 --> 00:13:30,580
Perfect alignment reported by
the flight controllers in Kojo
231
00:13:30,580 --> 00:13:33,679
as we stand by for contact and
capture of the International
232
00:13:33,679 --> 00:13:34,710
Space Station.
233
00:13:35,809 --> 00:13:42,849
SPK_6: 5 m waiting for contact
in the center.
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00:13:43,619 --> 00:13:50,539
SPK_8: Contact confirmed. We
have Capture confirmed at 12:52
235
00:13:50,539 --> 00:13:55,000
p.m. Central Time, 1:52 p.m.
Eastern time. Soyuz has reached
236
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:57,924
the International Space Station.
Station after a flight of 3
237
00:13:57,924 --> 00:14:04,895
hours and 4 minutes in duration,
docking occurring over the
238
00:14:04,895 --> 00:14:08,895
Mediterranean at an altitude of
260 statute miles.
239
00:14:08,974 --> 00:14:11,400
STUART GARY: The new arrivals
will form part of the expedition
240
00:14:11,400 --> 00:14:16,375
's 7475 crew, spending the next
8 months in orbit and replacing
241
00:14:16,375 --> 00:14:19,775
the current MS-28 crew who have
been on station since last
242
00:14:19,775 --> 00:14:22,484
November and will leave on
Sunday for a return to Earth,
243
00:14:22,575 --> 00:14:25,315
parachuting down onto the
Kazakhstan steppe.
244
00:14:26,280 --> 00:14:28,799
While in orbit, the new crew
will undertake a wide range of
245
00:14:28,799 --> 00:14:32,400
experiments along with the 4
NASA SpaceX crew 12 members who
246
00:14:32,400 --> 00:14:35,159
are currently there and who
launched aboard a Falcon Dragon
247
00:14:35,159 --> 00:14:37,640
spacecraft from Cape Canaveral
back in February.
248
00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:41,400
Among the more than 250 research
experiments currently underway
249
00:14:41,400 --> 00:14:44,880
aboard the orbiting outpost are
projects to refine in-space
250
00:14:44,880 --> 00:14:47,599
production of semiconductor
crystals, enabling large scale
251
00:14:47,599 --> 00:14:50,320
manufacture of components needed
for high performance computers,
252
00:14:50,440 --> 00:14:53,359
artificial intelligence, and
improved medical devices.
253
00:14:53,809 --> 00:14:56,969
They'll also perform ultrasound
studies measuring how blood flow
254
00:14:56,969 --> 00:15:00,650
is impacted by spaceflight, and
they'll use augmented reality
255
00:15:00,650 --> 00:15:03,450
and artificial intelligence
programs that could eliminate
256
00:15:03,450 --> 00:15:06,049
the need for medical support
from Earth on future space
257
00:15:06,049 --> 00:15:09,049
missions, issues that will
become more and more important
258
00:15:09,049 --> 00:15:12,250
as humans travel further into
space on eventual missions to
259
00:15:12,250 --> 00:15:13,190
Mars and beyond.
260
00:15:13,840 --> 00:15:16,650
The team will also test
bioprinting vascular constructs
261
00:15:16,650 --> 00:15:20,169
in microgravity to improve our
understanding of the aging
262
00:15:20,169 --> 00:15:23,010
process in order to help advance
new therapeutic treatments.
263
00:15:24,070 --> 00:15:27,080
The crew's arrival follows the
departure of the SpaceX Dragon
264
00:15:27,080 --> 00:15:30,710
34 cargo ship mission, which was
loaded with 6.5 tons of
265
00:15:30,710 --> 00:15:33,270
completed experiments and
equipment for return to Earth,
266
00:15:33,280 --> 00:15:36,400
splashing down in the North
Pacific Ocean off the coast of
267
00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:36,960
California.
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00:15:37,400 --> 00:15:40,679
It was carrying bioprinted organ
and cartilage tissue, data on
269
00:15:40,679 --> 00:15:43,960
improving cryogenic fuel storage
for future space missions, and
270
00:15:43,960 --> 00:15:47,320
DNA inspired materials to help
with new cancer treatments.
271
00:15:47,830 --> 00:15:51,109
Also on board was an ocular
imaging device which was used to
272
00:15:51,109 --> 00:15:54,070
monitor crew members' eye
health, an absorbent bed that
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00:15:54,070 --> 00:15:57,469
filters trace contaminants from
cabin air, and a separator pump
274
00:15:57,469 --> 00:16:00,349
from the waste and hygiene
compartment, NASA speak for the
275
00:16:00,349 --> 00:16:04,679
cosmic commode or orbital
outhouse. This is SpaceTime.
276
00:16:19,539 --> 00:16:21,989
And time now to take another
brief look at some of the other
277
00:16:21,989 --> 00:16:24,929
stories making news in science
this week with a science report.
278
00:16:25,789 --> 00:16:28,429
For years, people have been told
not to worry about the health
279
00:16:28,429 --> 00:16:30,900
risks of electromagnetic
radiation fields used for
280
00:16:30,900 --> 00:16:33,909
communications, for things like
cell towers or radio or
281
00:16:33,909 --> 00:16:37,669
television broadcasting. But now
a new report in the New Zealand
282
00:16:37,669 --> 00:16:41,330
Medical Journal has examined
evidence from 13 major studies,
283
00:16:41,469 --> 00:16:44,409
and it has found links with some
animal studies.
284
00:16:44,849 --> 00:16:48,090
But the authors say the findings
may not be relevant to humans,
285
00:16:48,289 --> 00:16:51,369
which is yet another good reason
for not using sentient animals
286
00:16:51,369 --> 00:16:54,809
in scientific experiments. The
study sponsored by the World
287
00:16:54,809 --> 00:16:57,119
Health Organization also
included experiments on
288
00:16:57,119 --> 00:16:59,070
volunteers and on brain cancer.
289
00:16:59,679 --> 00:17:02,010
The authors claimed the links
that were identified in human
290
00:17:02,010 --> 00:17:06,089
studies had a very low level of
confidence, and they claimed the
291
00:17:06,089 --> 00:17:08,689
information was too limited on
some topics to allow for firm
292
00:17:08,689 --> 00:17:12,130
conclusions, pointing out that
no science can prove the absence
293
00:17:12,130 --> 00:17:13,150
of any risk.
294
00:17:14,698 --> 00:17:18,269
In a first of its kind trial, a
wild koala has been given a
295
00:17:18,269 --> 00:17:21,308
chlamydia vaccine implant to
help it survive the ever
296
00:17:21,308 --> 00:17:25,379
spreading disease. The 18 month
old female koala named Burmese,
297
00:17:25,428 --> 00:17:28,308
which is Norwegian for teddy
bear, was captured in Burleigh
298
00:17:28,308 --> 00:17:30,659
and taken to the Currumbin
Wildlife Hospital.
299
00:17:31,149 --> 00:17:34,428
There she was given an initial
vaccination injection and had a
300
00:17:34,428 --> 00:17:38,029
biodegradable implant inserted,
which will gradually breakdown
301
00:17:38,029 --> 00:17:41,760
and supply the second dose in
about 1 month's time. Burmese
302
00:17:41,760 --> 00:17:44,369
was also fitted with a GPS
collar and will be monitored for
303
00:17:44,369 --> 00:17:46,920
at least the next 6 months to
assess the implant's
304
00:17:46,920 --> 00:17:47,719
effectiveness.
305
00:17:48,130 --> 00:17:50,729
5 other koalas from Burleigh
have now also received the
306
00:17:50,729 --> 00:17:54,530
implant. The World Wide Fund For
Nature in Australia is backing
307
00:17:54,530 --> 00:17:57,050
the research with funding
support from furniture brand
308
00:17:57,050 --> 00:17:59,849
koala to help recover koala
populations.
309
00:18:01,329 --> 00:18:04,459
A quadriplegic patient has been
able to feed himself and drink
310
00:18:04,459 --> 00:18:07,900
from a cup using his own hand
thanks to microchips implanted
311
00:18:07,900 --> 00:18:11,359
in his brain. A report in the
journal Nature Medicine claims
312
00:18:11,359 --> 00:18:14,699
the implants helped re-link his
brain to his body and spinal
313
00:18:14,699 --> 00:18:15,339
cord.
314
00:18:15,729 --> 00:18:19,060
The system called a double neuro
bypass combines implants with
315
00:18:19,060 --> 00:18:21,780
non-invasive wearable
stimulation patches on the skin
316
00:18:21,780 --> 00:18:25,119
that electrically stimulate the
spinal cord and muscles, forming
317
00:18:25,119 --> 00:18:28,380
an electronic bridge between the
man's paralyzed body and his
318
00:18:28,380 --> 00:18:28,719
brain.
319
00:18:29,339 --> 00:18:32,069
The system's been able to help
the man move and feel his
320
00:18:32,069 --> 00:18:35,550
previously paralyzed hand, and
it seems some of those effects
321
00:18:35,550 --> 00:18:37,989
have remained even when the
implant was turned off,
322
00:18:38,349 --> 00:18:41,709
suggesting the system may help
longer-term recovery as well as
323
00:18:41,709 --> 00:18:43,489
helping movement in real time.
324
00:18:45,060 --> 00:18:47,579
Well, they say today's music
isn't as good as what it was
325
00:18:47,579 --> 00:18:51,180
back in the day. And now a new
study has found that over the
326
00:18:51,180 --> 00:18:54,339
last 5 decades, pop music, at
least in the United States and
327
00:18:54,339 --> 00:18:57,140
Germany, has slowly shifted
towards becoming more
328
00:18:57,140 --> 00:19:00,880
self-focused. But this same
trend wasn't found in music
329
00:19:00,880 --> 00:19:02,520
coming from Japan or Hong Kong.
330
00:19:02,969 --> 00:19:06,359
To work all this out, scientists
analyzed the top 10 popular
331
00:19:06,359 --> 00:19:08,920
music songs in the United
States, Germany, Japan, and Hong
332
00:19:08,920 --> 00:19:13,560
Kong for each year between 1970
and 2019, looking for usage
333
00:19:13,560 --> 00:19:16,680
pronouns such as I, me, and
mine.
334
00:19:17,170 --> 00:19:20,010
The findings reported in the
journal PLOS One claims this
335
00:19:20,010 --> 00:19:22,930
upward trend was only seen in
the US and Germany, which is
336
00:19:22,930 --> 00:19:25,410
likely because both countries
are considered more
337
00:19:25,410 --> 00:19:28,449
individualistic, prioritizing
autonomy, personal goals,
338
00:19:28,569 --> 00:19:31,530
self-reliance, and independent
decision making over the
339
00:19:31,530 --> 00:19:34,270
collective group cohesion
compared to the other two.
340
00:19:35,680 --> 00:19:38,599
The United States War Department
has released its 4th batch of
341
00:19:38,599 --> 00:19:42,260
UFO files. The material was
released thanks to an executive
342
00:19:42,260 --> 00:19:46,319
order by President Donald Trump.
This latest package includes 40
343
00:19:46,319 --> 00:19:51,150
files, 14 documents, 19 videos,
4 audio files, and 3 images.
344
00:19:51,599 --> 00:19:54,479
They came from a variety of
agencies including the Pentagon,
345
00:19:54,640 --> 00:19:58,380
NASA, the CIA, the FBI and the
Department Of Energy.
346
00:19:58,849 --> 00:20:01,670
One file from the Department Of
Energy describes an unidentified
347
00:20:01,670 --> 00:20:04,880
flying object intruding into the
restricted airspace over the
348
00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:08,650
Pantex nuclear weapons facility
near Amarillo in Texas. That was
349
00:20:08,650 --> 00:20:12,050
back in September 2015, and it
forced the facility to be placed
350
00:20:12,050 --> 00:20:15,689
in lockdown. Following the first
release of files back on May.
351
00:20:15,849 --> 00:20:19,170
8th, which included the now
famous FA-18 gun camera vision
352
00:20:19,170 --> 00:20:20,810
of the so-called Tic Tac UFOs.
353
00:20:20,979 --> 00:20:24,569
Additional releases were made on
May 20th and June 12th,
354
00:20:24,689 --> 00:20:27,380
highlighting sightings near
foreign submarines, objects
355
00:20:27,380 --> 00:20:30,640
moving at seemingly impossible
speeds, and other reports of
356
00:20:30,640 --> 00:20:34,790
so-called silent, hovering orbs.
The skeptics Tim Mendham says
357
00:20:34,790 --> 00:20:38,520
this latest release includes a
1996 Columbia space shuttle
358
00:20:38,520 --> 00:20:42,750
photo of a rotating triangular
object and a 2025 5 minute
359
00:20:42,750 --> 00:20:46,540
infrared military video tracking
an erratic object over the East
360
00:20:46,540 --> 00:20:47,260
China Sea.
361
00:20:47,420 --> 00:20:51,400
TIM MENDHAM: Yeah, this is sort
of part of the US administration
362
00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:54,400
's transparency trying to prove
how transparent they are. So
363
00:20:54,400 --> 00:20:57,170
they released the US Department
Of Defense wars.
364
00:20:58,206 --> 00:21:01,005
Released a bunch of documents, a
few problems with it. Most of
365
00:21:01,005 --> 00:21:03,316
them weren't secret. A lot of
them were already known about,
366
00:21:03,336 --> 00:21:06,095
and a lot of those have been
explained anyway, and there's a
367
00:21:06,095 --> 00:21:07,735
few others that, you know, need
to be explained.
368
00:21:07,816 --> 00:21:09,495
One of the problems with the
stuff that they've released
369
00:21:09,495 --> 00:21:11,656
recently, the Pentagon is
they're often redacted. There's
370
00:21:11,656 --> 00:21:14,355
often a lot of the films from
aircraft and things have all
371
00:21:14,355 --> 00:21:16,536
those little doodads and
whatnots around the screen
372
00:21:16,536 --> 00:21:18,276
showing how fast they're going,
direction, etc.
373
00:21:19,365 --> 00:21:21,495
They've been blacked out. The
tic tac tic tac one's the
374
00:21:21,495 --> 00:21:23,115
classic thing. Let's look at a
recent article.
375
00:21:23,271 --> 00:21:27,031
Cropped up in the conversation,
which is an international online
376
00:21:27,031 --> 00:21:30,381
publication of short articles by
academics on a whole wide range
377
00:21:30,381 --> 00:21:32,761
of topics, but there's one that
came out about the UFO files
378
00:21:32,761 --> 00:21:35,511
recently and quite frankly it's
very disappointing because it
379
00:21:35,511 --> 00:21:37,871
goes towards the thing, yes,
there are a lot of cases that
380
00:21:37,871 --> 00:21:40,232
have been explained, yes, there
are a lot of cases that have
381
00:21:40,232 --> 00:21:42,592
come out before and not
particularly new, but he said
382
00:21:42,592 --> 00:21:44,871
there's a lot of unresolved
cases and one of the ones he
383
00:21:44,871 --> 00:21:46,352
refers to is the tic tac one.
384
00:21:46,472 --> 00:21:49,807
Now the tic tac one came out.
From the Pentagon, great
385
00:21:49,807 --> 00:21:52,177
revelation despite the fact that
it actually come out years
386
00:21:52,177 --> 00:21:54,488
before and everyone knew about
it in the UFO community. But
387
00:21:54,488 --> 00:21:57,248
this article says that the
object in the tic tac videos
388
00:21:57,248 --> 00:22:00,687
with a little sort of round oly
shaped blob in the screen taken
389
00:22:00,687 --> 00:22:04,397
from a US fighter jet, that the
video doesn't seem to behave how
390
00:22:04,397 --> 00:22:07,368
any kind of aircraft should,
showing no signs of propulsion.
391
00:22:07,407 --> 00:22:09,887
Well, the trouble is it has been
investigated and all you're
392
00:22:09,887 --> 00:22:12,287
seeing is the sign of
propulsion, a thing called
393
00:22:12,287 --> 00:22:14,343
thermal blooming, which comes.
From the jet engines. So if
394
00:22:14,343 --> 00:22:17,264
you're looking from behind
another plane, a jet plane, a
395
00:22:17,264 --> 00:22:20,124
fighter, whatever, and all
you're picking up is the glow
396
00:22:20,343 --> 00:22:22,573
from the engine. You're not
seeing any detail of the shape
397
00:22:22,573 --> 00:22:24,663
of the craft, just sort of
blurring out because of this
398
00:22:24,663 --> 00:22:25,423
thermal blooming.
399
00:22:25,703 --> 00:22:28,303
The heat from the aircraft is
creating this white glow, and
400
00:22:28,303 --> 00:22:30,864
that's what a tic tac is. And so
it has been explained quite
401
00:22:30,864 --> 00:22:33,573
simply, quite quickly too, as a
matter of fact, despite the fact
402
00:22:33,573 --> 00:22:35,943
that the Pentagon said we can't
find an explanation for them,
403
00:22:35,984 --> 00:22:38,959
which means the Pentagon is
appallingly inept. Trying to
404
00:22:38,959 --> 00:22:41,560
find explanations when other
researchers and things can find
405
00:22:41,560 --> 00:22:43,280
an explanation within minutes,
literally.
406
00:22:43,790 --> 00:22:45,839
So anyway, there's a whole range
of these videos that have come
407
00:22:45,839 --> 00:22:49,719
out sadly, even a lot of the
pro-UFO community admit that
408
00:22:49,719 --> 00:22:52,260
they're not very impressive and
they need more or they don't
409
00:22:52,260 --> 00:22:54,520
have context or they're not
clear enough as to what they
410
00:22:54,520 --> 00:22:57,079
show. Therefore they're really
hard to investigate. So some of
411
00:22:57,079 --> 00:22:59,430
them will have to remain
unidentified because no one
412
00:22:59,430 --> 00:23:00,550
knows what they are. That's the.
413
00:23:00,550 --> 00:23:03,520
STUART GARY: Skeptics Tim
Minden, and this is Space time.
414
00:23:18,709 --> 00:23:22,469
And that's the show for now.
SpaceT is available every
415
00:23:22,469 --> 00:23:26,329
Monday, Wednesday and Friday
through Bytes.Com, SoundCloud,
416
00:23:26,589 --> 00:23:30,189
YouTube, your favorite podcast
download provider, and from
417
00:23:30,189 --> 00:23:34,469
SpaceTime with Stuart Garry.Com.
SpaceTime's also broadcast
418
00:23:34,469 --> 00:23:37,569
through the National Science
Foundation on Science Zone Radio
419
00:23:37,569 --> 00:23:40,650
and on both IHeartRadio and
TuneIn Radio.
420
00:23:41,050 --> 00:23:43,939
And you can help to support our
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421
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store for a range of promotional
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becoming a SpaceTime patron,
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episode commercial free versions
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bonus audio content which
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exclusive Facebook group, and
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426
00:24:01,410 --> 00:24:04,660
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for full details.
427
00:24:05,270 --> 00:24:07,900
SPK_1: You've been listening to
SpaceTime with Stuart Garry.
428
00:24:08,390 --> 00:24:11,290
This has been another quality
podcast production from
429
00:24:11,290 --> 00:24:12,270
Bytes.Com.
00:00:00,209 --> 00:00:03,450
STUART GARY: This is SpaceTime
series 29, episode 88 for
2
00:00:03,450 --> 00:00:08,350
broadcast on the 24th of July
2026. Coming up on SpaceTime,
3
00:00:08,810 --> 00:00:13,149
the hellish worlds orbiting a
nearby star, Australia's role in
4
00:00:13,149 --> 00:00:16,809
India's manned space program,
and the latest mission to the
5
00:00:16,809 --> 00:00:21,270
International Space Station. All
that and more coming up on
6
00:00:21,270 --> 00:00:21,909
SpaceTime.
7
00:00:23,370 --> 00:00:26,680
SPK_1: Welcome to space time
with Stuart Garry.
8
00:00:42,630 --> 00:00:44,439
STUART GARY: Astronomers have
painted the most detailed
9
00:00:44,439 --> 00:00:47,799
portrait yet of the planetary
system orbiting Barnard Star,
10
00:00:47,959 --> 00:00:50,439
the sun's closest stellar
neighbor after the Alpha
11
00:00:50,439 --> 00:00:54,439
Centauri Star system. Barnard
Star is located just under 6
12
00:00:54,439 --> 00:00:58,639
light years away. In 2025,
astronomers discovered four
13
00:00:58,639 --> 00:01:02,279
planets orbiting the star. All
are smaller than the Earth, but
14
00:01:02,279 --> 00:01:06,040
larger than Mars, and therefore
represent a type of planet not
15
00:01:06,040 --> 00:01:07,620
found in our own solar system.
16
00:01:08,260 --> 00:01:10,769
A report in the Journal Of The
Monthly Notices Of The Royal
17
00:01:10,769 --> 00:01:14,300
Astronomical Society says that
by analyzing the chemical makeup
18
00:01:14,300 --> 00:01:17,180
of the star, the authors were
able to determine that these
19
00:01:17,180 --> 00:01:20,339
planets are rich in a rare
mineral called periclase, which
20
00:01:20,339 --> 00:01:24,319
on Earth is only found hundreds
of kilometers below the surface.
21
00:01:25,319 --> 00:01:28,569
The study's lead author, Xander
Byrne from Cambridge University,
22
00:01:28,730 --> 00:01:31,610
says Barnard's Star has an
enormous amount of the element
23
00:01:31,610 --> 00:01:35,129
magnesium compared to other
stars, so its planets are also
24
00:01:35,129 --> 00:01:38,610
likely to be rich in magnesium.
Byrne says that here on Earth,
25
00:01:38,730 --> 00:01:41,569
magnesium goes into making
minerals called olivines, which
26
00:01:41,569 --> 00:01:44,599
are really important for storing
water within the planet.
27
00:01:44,970 --> 00:01:48,069
On the planet's orbiting Barnard
Star, however, the authors found
28
00:01:48,069 --> 00:01:51,050
that the abundance of magnesium
creates huge quantities of
29
00:01:51,050 --> 00:01:55,050
Pericles, which doesn't readily
store water. The other point is
30
00:01:55,050 --> 00:01:58,389
that these planets all orbit
really close in to their host
31
00:01:58,389 --> 00:02:01,809
star, a red dwarf, and so
they're constantly being blasted
32
00:02:01,809 --> 00:02:05,089
by stellar winds and the
occasional stellar flare, making
33
00:02:05,089 --> 00:02:07,709
them highly unlikely to retain
any atmosphere.
34
00:02:08,529 --> 00:02:11,210
Burns says that even the
outermost of these planets
35
00:02:11,210 --> 00:02:14,089
orbits 10 times closer to
Barnard's Star than Mercury
36
00:02:14,089 --> 00:02:17,619
orbits to the sun. He says at
most, the planets could have
37
00:02:17,619 --> 00:02:20,770
held onto their atmospheres for
maybe 2 billion years, much
38
00:02:20,770 --> 00:02:23,500
shorter than the system's 10
billion year age.
39
00:02:24,440 --> 00:02:27,399
And being so close to their host
star has another consequence,
40
00:02:27,520 --> 00:02:30,839
the planets are all tightly
locked. Just like the same side
41
00:02:30,839 --> 00:02:33,360
of the moon always faces the
Earth, the planets orbiting
42
00:02:33,360 --> 00:02:36,960
Barnard's Star always only ever
showed the one face to their
43
00:02:36,960 --> 00:02:40,000
star, and as a result, each
planet has one hemisphere locked
44
00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:43,380
in eternal daylight while the
other is in everlasting night.
45
00:02:44,539 --> 00:02:47,740
Planetary systems as compact as
the one around Barnard Star are
46
00:02:47,740 --> 00:02:50,470
often unstable, with
gravitational interactions
47
00:02:50,470 --> 00:02:53,429
between planets, sometimes
leading to them colliding,
48
00:02:53,669 --> 00:02:56,669
falling onto the star, or being
ejected from the system
49
00:02:56,669 --> 00:02:59,990
completely. However, the authors
found that the phenomenon known
50
00:02:59,990 --> 00:03:03,389
as orbital resonance might be
helping to stabilize the planets
51
00:03:03,389 --> 00:03:04,809
in the Barnard Star system.
52
00:03:05,539 --> 00:03:08,270
It seems the length of the years
for the inner three planets in
53
00:03:08,270 --> 00:03:13,149
the system are in a 9 to 12 to
16 ratio. And these are the same
54
00:03:13,149 --> 00:03:15,789
orbital harmonies that are
responsible for stabilizing the
55
00:03:15,789 --> 00:03:18,639
orbits of the moons of Jupiter
and so may also be protecting
56
00:03:18,639 --> 00:03:21,979
the Barnard Star system from
gravitational disarray.
57
00:03:22,440 --> 00:03:26,810
This is SpaceTime. Still to
come, Australia's role in India
58
00:03:26,810 --> 00:03:30,399
's manned space program and a
new mission to the International
59
00:03:30,399 --> 00:03:35,000
Space Station. All that and more
still to come on SpaceTime.
60
00:03:50,889 --> 00:03:53,399
India's manned space program is
moving ahead with the
61
00:03:53,399 --> 00:03:56,770
commissioning of a new space
tracking station on Australia's
62
00:03:56,770 --> 00:04:00,330
Cocos Keeling Islands.
Coordinated by the Australian
63
00:04:00,330 --> 00:04:03,759
Space Agency ASAP for the Indian
Space Research Organization, the
64
00:04:03,759 --> 00:04:07,250
facility will support the nation
's Ganyan Human spaceflight
65
00:04:07,250 --> 00:04:07,729
program.
66
00:04:08,130 --> 00:04:10,809
The commissioning was a key
feature of Indian Prime Minister
67
00:04:10,809 --> 00:04:13,970
Modi's visit to Melbourne for
the 3rd Australia-India annual
68
00:04:13,970 --> 00:04:17,089
summit. The new dish will
provide mission critical
69
00:04:17,089 --> 00:04:20,910
tracking support for 4 planned
Gagganan missions. The flights
70
00:04:20,910 --> 00:04:24,070
will all launch aboard a
human-rated version of the GSLV
71
00:04:24,070 --> 00:04:27,510
Mark 3 rocket and carry a crew
capsule fitted with a service
72
00:04:27,510 --> 00:04:28,109
module.
73
00:04:28,470 --> 00:04:31,410
The first of the unmanned test
flights is expected to launch
74
00:04:31,410 --> 00:04:34,269
soon from India's Shettish
Dawant Space Center on the Bay
75
00:04:34,269 --> 00:04:37,950
Of Bengal coast. Eventually, a
manned mission will launch a
76
00:04:37,950 --> 00:04:41,190
crew of 3 astronauts into a 400
kilometer high orbit on what
77
00:04:41,190 --> 00:04:44,359
will initially be a 3 day
mission, splashing down in the
78
00:04:44,359 --> 00:04:45,369
Indian Ocean.
79
00:04:45,920 --> 00:04:48,880
ASA worked with other government
agencies as well as Australian
80
00:04:48,880 --> 00:04:51,510
defense and space company
Nervous Systems to establish
81
00:04:51,510 --> 00:04:54,480
telemetry terminals in the
remote islands in order to track
82
00:04:54,480 --> 00:04:58,420
the four missions. The Cocos
Keeling Islands are a remote
83
00:04:58,420 --> 00:05:01,839
Australian external territory in
the Indian Ocean, comprising 27
84
00:05:01,839 --> 00:05:05,920
coral islands across two atolls
located roughly 3000 kilometers
85
00:05:05,920 --> 00:05:07,299
northwest of Perth.
86
00:05:07,720 --> 00:05:11,260
The territory has a population
of around 600 and is a haven for
87
00:05:11,260 --> 00:05:15,750
wildlife. This is SpaceTime.
Still to come, the latest
88
00:05:15,750 --> 00:05:18,429
mission to the International
Space Station and later in the
89
00:05:18,429 --> 00:05:22,029
science report. A new study has
shown that 5 decades of pop
90
00:05:22,029 --> 00:05:26,549
music has slowly shifted towards
becoming more self-focused. All
91
00:05:26,549 --> 00:05:29,630
that and more still to come on
SpaceTime.
92
00:05:45,130 --> 00:05:48,690
A Russian Soyuz MS-29 spacecraft
has successfully docked with the
93
00:05:48,690 --> 00:05:52,339
International Space Station 3
hours into orbit after launching
94
00:05:52,339 --> 00:05:55,500
from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in
the central Asian republic of
95
00:05:55,500 --> 00:05:56,299
Kazakhstan.
96
00:05:56,420 --> 00:05:59,339
SPK_2: We are in the final
moments of the launch countdown
97
00:05:59,339 --> 00:06:03,220
for the Soyuz MS-29 spacecraft,
which is encapsulated on top the
98
00:06:03,220 --> 00:06:07,730
Soyuz 2.1A booster. This rocket
is preparing to launch. NASA
99
00:06:07,730 --> 00:06:09,100
astrout Neil Mennon and Rosk.
100
00:06:09,312 --> 00:06:13,351
Most cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and
Anna Kikina on a two orbit 3
101
00:06:13,351 --> 00:06:16,182
hour journey to the
International Space Station,
102
00:06:16,191 --> 00:06:19,791
where they will remain for an 8
month mission. The booster's
103
00:06:19,791 --> 00:06:22,111
fuel tanks are now being
pressurized for flight, which
104
00:06:22,111 --> 00:06:25,372
helps to optimize the flow of
fuel and add structural support
105
00:06:25,372 --> 00:06:29,532
to the rocket. That liftoff
scheduled to take place at 9:47
106
00:06:29,532 --> 00:06:33,471
and 43 seconds a.m. Central
Time, 10:47 and 43.
107
00:06:33,924 --> 00:06:39,204
Seconds a.m. Eastern Time, which
is 7:43 and 43 seconds in
108
00:06:39,204 --> 00:06:43,604
Baikonur. Just under T minus 1.5
minutes away from today's
109
00:06:43,604 --> 00:06:47,683
liftoff. It is a 12th window. So
now that we are inside that
110
00:06:47,683 --> 00:06:51,063
Mark, the ground propellant feed
has now been terminated to the
111
00:06:51,063 --> 00:06:52,003
Soyuz booster.
112
00:06:52,084 --> 00:06:55,924
In about 15 seconds, the Soyuz
will officially be on internal
113
00:06:55,924 --> 00:06:59,615
power. And then once we get to
the min. 35 2nd Mark, the first
114
00:06:59,615 --> 00:07:02,216
umbilical tower will separate
from the booster, and we will
115
00:07:02,216 --> 00:07:05,096
have auto sequence start, which
will be followed by the ground
116
00:07:05,096 --> 00:07:08,605
umbilical to the third stage
disconnecting, and then around T
117
00:07:08,605 --> 00:07:11,555
minus 15 seconds, the second
umbilical tower will separate,
118
00:07:11,605 --> 00:07:13,496
which will initiate engine
sequence start.
119
00:07:13,615 --> 00:07:16,696
We are less than 1 minute away
from today's liftoff of the
120
00:07:16,696 --> 00:07:20,415
Soyuz MS-29 spacecraft, which
means the Soyuz is now on
121
00:07:20,415 --> 00:07:21,496
internal power.
122
00:07:22,388 --> 00:07:24,567
SPK_3: Power separation of the
first umbilical tower from the
123
00:07:24,567 --> 00:07:25,108
booster.
124
00:07:25,358 --> 00:07:29,417
SPK_2: The separation of the
first umbilical tower has now
125
00:07:29,417 --> 00:07:32,667
separated from the booster, so
we have auto sequence start, and
126
00:07:32,667 --> 00:07:36,467
the second umbilical tower will
separate momentarily, which will
127
00:07:36,467 --> 00:07:40,588
initiate engine sequence start.
We are under 20 seconds away
128
00:07:40,588 --> 00:07:41,497
from today's launch.
129
00:07:42,787 --> 00:07:44,187
SPK_3: Launch command issued for
ignition.
130
00:07:44,268 --> 00:07:46,328
SPK_2: The launch command has
been issued.
131
00:07:46,829 --> 00:07:51,299
SPK_3: The 2nd tower separates
engine 1 pumps at speed.
132
00:07:54,760 --> 00:07:57,679
SPK_2: Booster ignition now at
full throttle and liftoff.
133
00:07:57,929 --> 00:08:01,690
Minin, Dubrov and Kikina now on
their way to the International
134
00:08:01,690 --> 00:08:05,579
Space Station as part of a two
orbit journey. We have a good
135
00:08:05,579 --> 00:08:08,600
roll, pitch, and yaw as we head
downrange.
136
00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:11,279
SPK_5: Engines of the 1st and
2nd stage are functioning
137
00:08:11,279 --> 00:08:11,630
normally.
138
00:08:14,540 --> 00:08:18,299
SPK_2: We have confirmation that
the 1st and 2nd stage engines
139
00:08:18,299 --> 00:08:22,260
have good performance. We have
good structural parameter
140
00:08:22,260 --> 00:08:26,140
performance, and the Soyuz is
delivering 930,000 pounds of
141
00:08:26,140 --> 00:08:29,390
thrust from its four boosters
and single engine. The first
142
00:08:29,390 --> 00:08:33,340
stage of the Soyuz measures 68
ft in length and 24 ft in
143
00:08:33,340 --> 00:08:36,409
diameter, burning liquid fuel
for the 1st 2 minutes and 6
144
00:08:36,409 --> 00:08:37,219
seconds of flight.
145
00:08:37,460 --> 00:08:41,380
We're now 1 minute into today's
flight. Everything continuing to
146
00:08:41,380 --> 00:08:46,252
proceed. As planned and the
velocity is currently 1100 MPH.
147
00:08:46,372 --> 00:08:49,732
The flight is nominal. We're now
1 minute and 20 seconds into
148
00:08:49,732 --> 00:08:53,533
today's flight of the Soyuz
MS-29 spacecraft on top that
149
00:08:53,533 --> 00:08:55,013
Soyuz 2.1A booster.
150
00:08:55,132 --> 00:08:58,372
We still have good first stage
performance. The escape tower
151
00:08:58,372 --> 00:09:01,812
has been jettisoned and
momentarily that we see there,
152
00:09:01,932 --> 00:09:05,093
the four strap on boosters have
been jettisoned, and these have
153
00:09:05,093 --> 00:09:07,812
completed their job and have
dropped away at an altitude of
154
00:09:07,812 --> 00:09:09,413
28 statute miles.
155
00:09:09,533 --> 00:09:14,966
The Soyuz is now. Traveling at
about 3350 miles an hour and
156
00:09:14,966 --> 00:09:18,445
that launch shroud has now been
jettisoned and the rocket's
157
00:09:18,445 --> 00:09:22,395
altitude is now about 48 miles
high. Everything continuing to
158
00:09:22,395 --> 00:09:25,526
proceed as planned and receiving
good reports from the blockhouse
159
00:09:25,526 --> 00:09:28,765
in Baikonur. The Soyuz is now
traveling at a speed of about
160
00:09:28,765 --> 00:09:31,286
4700 MPH.
161
00:09:31,486 --> 00:09:35,085
The Soyuz core stage is
performing as expected, and the
162
00:09:35,085 --> 00:09:39,239
core stage of the Soyuz is 56 ft
in length, 13.5. Feet in
163
00:09:39,239 --> 00:09:42,198
diameter with a single engine
with four fuel chambers
164
00:09:42,198 --> 00:09:47,508
providing between 178,000 and
220,000 pounds of thrust for its
165
00:09:47,508 --> 00:09:50,278
3 minutes and 28 seconds of
operation.
166
00:09:50,598 --> 00:09:53,679
SPK_3: Control system parameters
nominal the.
167
00:09:53,679 --> 00:09:57,638
SPK_2: Soyuz as it continues its
flight uphill. It is about an 8
168
00:09:57,638 --> 00:10:01,078
minute and 52nd total ride to
orbit before we have that third
169
00:10:01,078 --> 00:10:04,758
stage separation, and the Soyuz
spacecraft will be on its way to
170
00:10:04,758 --> 00:10:08,192
chase the International Space
Station. The Stage, once it was
171
00:10:08,192 --> 00:10:11,671
ignited, continues to burn until
the 4 minute 43 2nd Mark, which
172
00:10:11,671 --> 00:10:14,591
is coming up in about 30 seconds
from now.
173
00:10:14,711 --> 00:10:17,992
And the Soyuz uses what's called
a hot stage technique, and the
174
00:10:17,992 --> 00:10:20,372
third stage will then ignite
while the second is still
175
00:10:20,372 --> 00:10:23,892
burning. And this is why the
Soyuz has an open area in
176
00:10:23,892 --> 00:10:26,872
between the 2nd and 3rd stages.
So the third stage did begin
177
00:10:26,872 --> 00:10:30,552
igniting at that 4 minute 45 2nd
Mark, which means the second
178
00:10:30,552 --> 00:10:33,992
stage is now shutting down. And
we do have confirmation of
179
00:10:33,992 --> 00:10:35,632
second stage separation.
180
00:10:36,594 --> 00:10:38,325
SPK_3: Separation of second
stage.
181
00:10:38,864 --> 00:10:41,265
SPK_2: And that separation
taking place at an altitude of
182
00:10:41,265 --> 00:10:45,825
105 miles. So the Soyuz is now
being propelled by the single
183
00:10:45,825 --> 00:10:48,804
engine of the Soyuz third stage,
and this engine is providing
184
00:10:48,804 --> 00:10:52,784
67,000 pounds of thrust and will
burn for a total of 4 minutes
185
00:10:52,784 --> 00:10:56,505
and 2 seconds. That third stage
shutdown taking place about 8
186
00:10:56,505 --> 00:10:59,905
minutes and 46 seconds into
today's launch, about 3 minutes
187
00:10:59,905 --> 00:11:03,244
from now, shortly followed by
that third stage separation.
188
00:11:07,578 --> 00:11:12,658
SPK_3: 360 seconds pitch nominal
copy on board. Everything is
189
00:11:12,658 --> 00:11:12,978
fine.
190
00:11:13,208 --> 00:11:15,958
SPK_2: We are continuing to
receive good reports of good
191
00:11:15,958 --> 00:11:21,497
pitch and yaw of the spacecraft
as it continues its journey
192
00:11:21,497 --> 00:11:25,377
uphill, and about a minute from
now, the velocity of the
193
00:11:25,377 --> 00:11:29,117
spacecraft will reach about
13,500 miles an hour.
194
00:11:29,297 --> 00:11:31,638
Again, all of those performance
callouts that you're hearing,
195
00:11:31,697 --> 00:11:34,851
those are being reported. The
engineers at the block house in
196
00:11:34,851 --> 00:11:38,491
Baikonur after orbital
insertion, the command will
197
00:11:38,491 --> 00:11:40,931
officially be transitioned to
the Russian Mission Control
198
00:11:40,931 --> 00:11:43,651
Center in Kov, right outside of
Moscow.
199
00:11:44,491 --> 00:11:48,210
SPK_3: Calm has gotten worse.
Everything is fine on board. We
200
00:11:48,210 --> 00:11:49,351
are feeling great.
201
00:11:50,210 --> 00:11:52,721
Still, calm is not ideal.
202
00:11:53,651 --> 00:11:56,130
SPK_2: Once the 3rd stage
delivers the Soyuz to orbit and
203
00:11:56,130 --> 00:11:58,880
the module is separated, a
series of pre-programmed
204
00:11:58,880 --> 00:12:02,703
commands will be executed to
prepare. Sways for orbital
205
00:12:02,703 --> 00:12:05,723
operations. Everything is fine.
These stored commands called
206
00:12:05,723 --> 00:12:08,684
time tagged commands allow many
of the SAS's systems to be
207
00:12:08,684 --> 00:12:12,044
automatically activated by
onboard computers at precise
208
00:12:12,044 --> 00:12:13,994
times stored in those computers.
209
00:12:14,564 --> 00:12:18,843
We are about 15 seconds away
from that third stage cutoff and
210
00:12:18,843 --> 00:12:22,083
separation. Getting ready for
separation, and we have
211
00:12:22,083 --> 00:12:25,893
confirmation of preliminary
separation of that 3rd stage. So
212
00:12:25,893 --> 00:12:29,283
again, that 3rd stage cutoff and
separation taking place about 8
213
00:12:29,283 --> 00:12:33,197
minutes. And 50 seconds into
today's flight, and we have
214
00:12:33,197 --> 00:12:36,877
confirmation that the Soyuz
MS-29 spacecraft has been
215
00:12:36,877 --> 00:12:38,916
officially inserted into orbit.
216
00:12:39,086 --> 00:12:42,716
So the Soyuz capsule and its
crew are now safely in orbit,
217
00:12:42,757 --> 00:12:45,896
and the spacecraft is
automatically executing its
218
00:12:45,896 --> 00:12:49,236
pre-programmed commands, which
then deployed those solar
219
00:12:49,236 --> 00:12:52,077
arrays. Those preprogrammed
controls also deploy the
220
00:12:52,077 --> 00:12:55,236
antennas. So now that the Soyuz
spacecraft and its crew are
221
00:12:55,236 --> 00:12:59,270
safely in orbit, control of the
spacecraft. From here on out we
222
00:12:59,270 --> 00:13:02,109
will be overseen from the
Russian Mission Control Center
223
00:13:02,109 --> 00:13:04,030
outside of Moscow in Koryov.
224
00:13:04,270 --> 00:13:07,059
STUART GARY: The Soyuz docked
onto the Nadir port of Russia's
225
00:13:07,059 --> 00:13:09,950
Prakal module as the two
spacecraft were flying at some
226
00:13:09,950 --> 00:13:13,109
418 kilometers above the
Mediterranean Sea.
227
00:13:13,270 --> 00:13:16,130
SPK_6: The target is in the
center of the periscope.
228
00:13:16,500 --> 00:13:22,710
SPK_8: Target crosses are
aligned 8 meters, just 8 m now
229
00:13:22,710 --> 00:13:25,049
separating Soyuz and Prushal
copy.
230
00:13:27,299 --> 00:13:30,580
Perfect alignment reported by
the flight controllers in Kojo
231
00:13:30,580 --> 00:13:33,679
as we stand by for contact and
capture of the International
232
00:13:33,679 --> 00:13:34,710
Space Station.
233
00:13:35,809 --> 00:13:42,849
SPK_6: 5 m waiting for contact
in the center.
234
00:13:43,619 --> 00:13:50,539
SPK_8: Contact confirmed. We
have Capture confirmed at 12:52
235
00:13:50,539 --> 00:13:55,000
p.m. Central Time, 1:52 p.m.
Eastern time. Soyuz has reached
236
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:57,924
the International Space Station.
Station after a flight of 3
237
00:13:57,924 --> 00:14:04,895
hours and 4 minutes in duration,
docking occurring over the
238
00:14:04,895 --> 00:14:08,895
Mediterranean at an altitude of
260 statute miles.
239
00:14:08,974 --> 00:14:11,400
STUART GARY: The new arrivals
will form part of the expedition
240
00:14:11,400 --> 00:14:16,375
's 7475 crew, spending the next
8 months in orbit and replacing
241
00:14:16,375 --> 00:14:19,775
the current MS-28 crew who have
been on station since last
242
00:14:19,775 --> 00:14:22,484
November and will leave on
Sunday for a return to Earth,
243
00:14:22,575 --> 00:14:25,315
parachuting down onto the
Kazakhstan steppe.
244
00:14:26,280 --> 00:14:28,799
While in orbit, the new crew
will undertake a wide range of
245
00:14:28,799 --> 00:14:32,400
experiments along with the 4
NASA SpaceX crew 12 members who
246
00:14:32,400 --> 00:14:35,159
are currently there and who
launched aboard a Falcon Dragon
247
00:14:35,159 --> 00:14:37,640
spacecraft from Cape Canaveral
back in February.
248
00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:41,400
Among the more than 250 research
experiments currently underway
249
00:14:41,400 --> 00:14:44,880
aboard the orbiting outpost are
projects to refine in-space
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production of semiconductor
crystals, enabling large scale
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manufacture of components needed
for high performance computers,
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00:14:50,440 --> 00:14:53,359
artificial intelligence, and
improved medical devices.
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00:14:53,809 --> 00:14:56,969
They'll also perform ultrasound
studies measuring how blood flow
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00:14:56,969 --> 00:15:00,650
is impacted by spaceflight, and
they'll use augmented reality
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and artificial intelligence
programs that could eliminate
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00:15:03,450 --> 00:15:06,049
the need for medical support
from Earth on future space
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00:15:06,049 --> 00:15:09,049
missions, issues that will
become more and more important
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00:15:09,049 --> 00:15:12,250
as humans travel further into
space on eventual missions to
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00:15:12,250 --> 00:15:13,190
Mars and beyond.
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00:15:13,840 --> 00:15:16,650
The team will also test
bioprinting vascular constructs
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00:15:16,650 --> 00:15:20,169
in microgravity to improve our
understanding of the aging
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00:15:20,169 --> 00:15:23,010
process in order to help advance
new therapeutic treatments.
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00:15:24,070 --> 00:15:27,080
The crew's arrival follows the
departure of the SpaceX Dragon
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00:15:27,080 --> 00:15:30,710
34 cargo ship mission, which was
loaded with 6.5 tons of
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00:15:30,710 --> 00:15:33,270
completed experiments and
equipment for return to Earth,
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00:15:33,280 --> 00:15:36,400
splashing down in the North
Pacific Ocean off the coast of
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00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:36,960
California.
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00:15:37,400 --> 00:15:40,679
It was carrying bioprinted organ
and cartilage tissue, data on
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00:15:40,679 --> 00:15:43,960
improving cryogenic fuel storage
for future space missions, and
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00:15:43,960 --> 00:15:47,320
DNA inspired materials to help
with new cancer treatments.
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00:15:47,830 --> 00:15:51,109
Also on board was an ocular
imaging device which was used to
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00:15:51,109 --> 00:15:54,070
monitor crew members' eye
health, an absorbent bed that
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00:15:54,070 --> 00:15:57,469
filters trace contaminants from
cabin air, and a separator pump
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00:15:57,469 --> 00:16:00,349
from the waste and hygiene
compartment, NASA speak for the
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00:16:00,349 --> 00:16:04,679
cosmic commode or orbital
outhouse. This is SpaceTime.
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00:16:19,539 --> 00:16:21,989
And time now to take another
brief look at some of the other
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00:16:21,989 --> 00:16:24,929
stories making news in science
this week with a science report.
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00:16:25,789 --> 00:16:28,429
For years, people have been told
not to worry about the health
279
00:16:28,429 --> 00:16:30,900
risks of electromagnetic
radiation fields used for
280
00:16:30,900 --> 00:16:33,909
communications, for things like
cell towers or radio or
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00:16:33,909 --> 00:16:37,669
television broadcasting. But now
a new report in the New Zealand
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00:16:37,669 --> 00:16:41,330
Medical Journal has examined
evidence from 13 major studies,
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00:16:41,469 --> 00:16:44,409
and it has found links with some
animal studies.
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00:16:44,849 --> 00:16:48,090
But the authors say the findings
may not be relevant to humans,
285
00:16:48,289 --> 00:16:51,369
which is yet another good reason
for not using sentient animals
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00:16:51,369 --> 00:16:54,809
in scientific experiments. The
study sponsored by the World
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00:16:54,809 --> 00:16:57,119
Health Organization also
included experiments on
288
00:16:57,119 --> 00:16:59,070
volunteers and on brain cancer.
289
00:16:59,679 --> 00:17:02,010
The authors claimed the links
that were identified in human
290
00:17:02,010 --> 00:17:06,089
studies had a very low level of
confidence, and they claimed the
291
00:17:06,089 --> 00:17:08,689
information was too limited on
some topics to allow for firm
292
00:17:08,689 --> 00:17:12,130
conclusions, pointing out that
no science can prove the absence
293
00:17:12,130 --> 00:17:13,150
of any risk.
294
00:17:14,698 --> 00:17:18,269
In a first of its kind trial, a
wild koala has been given a
295
00:17:18,269 --> 00:17:21,308
chlamydia vaccine implant to
help it survive the ever
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00:17:21,308 --> 00:17:25,379
spreading disease. The 18 month
old female koala named Burmese,
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00:17:25,428 --> 00:17:28,308
which is Norwegian for teddy
bear, was captured in Burleigh
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00:17:28,308 --> 00:17:30,659
and taken to the Currumbin
Wildlife Hospital.
299
00:17:31,149 --> 00:17:34,428
There she was given an initial
vaccination injection and had a
300
00:17:34,428 --> 00:17:38,029
biodegradable implant inserted,
which will gradually breakdown
301
00:17:38,029 --> 00:17:41,760
and supply the second dose in
about 1 month's time. Burmese
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00:17:41,760 --> 00:17:44,369
was also fitted with a GPS
collar and will be monitored for
303
00:17:44,369 --> 00:17:46,920
at least the next 6 months to
assess the implant's
304
00:17:46,920 --> 00:17:47,719
effectiveness.
305
00:17:48,130 --> 00:17:50,729
5 other koalas from Burleigh
have now also received the
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00:17:50,729 --> 00:17:54,530
implant. The World Wide Fund For
Nature in Australia is backing
307
00:17:54,530 --> 00:17:57,050
the research with funding
support from furniture brand
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00:17:57,050 --> 00:17:59,849
koala to help recover koala
populations.
309
00:18:01,329 --> 00:18:04,459
A quadriplegic patient has been
able to feed himself and drink
310
00:18:04,459 --> 00:18:07,900
from a cup using his own hand
thanks to microchips implanted
311
00:18:07,900 --> 00:18:11,359
in his brain. A report in the
journal Nature Medicine claims
312
00:18:11,359 --> 00:18:14,699
the implants helped re-link his
brain to his body and spinal
313
00:18:14,699 --> 00:18:15,339
cord.
314
00:18:15,729 --> 00:18:19,060
The system called a double neuro
bypass combines implants with
315
00:18:19,060 --> 00:18:21,780
non-invasive wearable
stimulation patches on the skin
316
00:18:21,780 --> 00:18:25,119
that electrically stimulate the
spinal cord and muscles, forming
317
00:18:25,119 --> 00:18:28,380
an electronic bridge between the
man's paralyzed body and his
318
00:18:28,380 --> 00:18:28,719
brain.
319
00:18:29,339 --> 00:18:32,069
The system's been able to help
the man move and feel his
320
00:18:32,069 --> 00:18:35,550
previously paralyzed hand, and
it seems some of those effects
321
00:18:35,550 --> 00:18:37,989
have remained even when the
implant was turned off,
322
00:18:38,349 --> 00:18:41,709
suggesting the system may help
longer-term recovery as well as
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00:18:41,709 --> 00:18:43,489
helping movement in real time.
324
00:18:45,060 --> 00:18:47,579
Well, they say today's music
isn't as good as what it was
325
00:18:47,579 --> 00:18:51,180
back in the day. And now a new
study has found that over the
326
00:18:51,180 --> 00:18:54,339
last 5 decades, pop music, at
least in the United States and
327
00:18:54,339 --> 00:18:57,140
Germany, has slowly shifted
towards becoming more
328
00:18:57,140 --> 00:19:00,880
self-focused. But this same
trend wasn't found in music
329
00:19:00,880 --> 00:19:02,520
coming from Japan or Hong Kong.
330
00:19:02,969 --> 00:19:06,359
To work all this out, scientists
analyzed the top 10 popular
331
00:19:06,359 --> 00:19:08,920
music songs in the United
States, Germany, Japan, and Hong
332
00:19:08,920 --> 00:19:13,560
Kong for each year between 1970
and 2019, looking for usage
333
00:19:13,560 --> 00:19:16,680
pronouns such as I, me, and
mine.
334
00:19:17,170 --> 00:19:20,010
The findings reported in the
journal PLOS One claims this
335
00:19:20,010 --> 00:19:22,930
upward trend was only seen in
the US and Germany, which is
336
00:19:22,930 --> 00:19:25,410
likely because both countries
are considered more
337
00:19:25,410 --> 00:19:28,449
individualistic, prioritizing
autonomy, personal goals,
338
00:19:28,569 --> 00:19:31,530
self-reliance, and independent
decision making over the
339
00:19:31,530 --> 00:19:34,270
collective group cohesion
compared to the other two.
340
00:19:35,680 --> 00:19:38,599
The United States War Department
has released its 4th batch of
341
00:19:38,599 --> 00:19:42,260
UFO files. The material was
released thanks to an executive
342
00:19:42,260 --> 00:19:46,319
order by President Donald Trump.
This latest package includes 40
343
00:19:46,319 --> 00:19:51,150
files, 14 documents, 19 videos,
4 audio files, and 3 images.
344
00:19:51,599 --> 00:19:54,479
They came from a variety of
agencies including the Pentagon,
345
00:19:54,640 --> 00:19:58,380
NASA, the CIA, the FBI and the
Department Of Energy.
346
00:19:58,849 --> 00:20:01,670
One file from the Department Of
Energy describes an unidentified
347
00:20:01,670 --> 00:20:04,880
flying object intruding into the
restricted airspace over the
348
00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:08,650
Pantex nuclear weapons facility
near Amarillo in Texas. That was
349
00:20:08,650 --> 00:20:12,050
back in September 2015, and it
forced the facility to be placed
350
00:20:12,050 --> 00:20:15,689
in lockdown. Following the first
release of files back on May.
351
00:20:15,849 --> 00:20:19,170
8th, which included the now
famous FA-18 gun camera vision
352
00:20:19,170 --> 00:20:20,810
of the so-called Tic Tac UFOs.
353
00:20:20,979 --> 00:20:24,569
Additional releases were made on
May 20th and June 12th,
354
00:20:24,689 --> 00:20:27,380
highlighting sightings near
foreign submarines, objects
355
00:20:27,380 --> 00:20:30,640
moving at seemingly impossible
speeds, and other reports of
356
00:20:30,640 --> 00:20:34,790
so-called silent, hovering orbs.
The skeptics Tim Mendham says
357
00:20:34,790 --> 00:20:38,520
this latest release includes a
1996 Columbia space shuttle
358
00:20:38,520 --> 00:20:42,750
photo of a rotating triangular
object and a 2025 5 minute
359
00:20:42,750 --> 00:20:46,540
infrared military video tracking
an erratic object over the East
360
00:20:46,540 --> 00:20:47,260
China Sea.
361
00:20:47,420 --> 00:20:51,400
TIM MENDHAM: Yeah, this is sort
of part of the US administration
362
00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:54,400
's transparency trying to prove
how transparent they are. So
363
00:20:54,400 --> 00:20:57,170
they released the US Department
Of Defense wars.
364
00:20:58,206 --> 00:21:01,005
Released a bunch of documents, a
few problems with it. Most of
365
00:21:01,005 --> 00:21:03,316
them weren't secret. A lot of
them were already known about,
366
00:21:03,336 --> 00:21:06,095
and a lot of those have been
explained anyway, and there's a
367
00:21:06,095 --> 00:21:07,735
few others that, you know, need
to be explained.
368
00:21:07,816 --> 00:21:09,495
One of the problems with the
stuff that they've released
369
00:21:09,495 --> 00:21:11,656
recently, the Pentagon is
they're often redacted. There's
370
00:21:11,656 --> 00:21:14,355
often a lot of the films from
aircraft and things have all
371
00:21:14,355 --> 00:21:16,536
those little doodads and
whatnots around the screen
372
00:21:16,536 --> 00:21:18,276
showing how fast they're going,
direction, etc.
373
00:21:19,365 --> 00:21:21,495
They've been blacked out. The
tic tac tic tac one's the
374
00:21:21,495 --> 00:21:23,115
classic thing. Let's look at a
recent article.
375
00:21:23,271 --> 00:21:27,031
Cropped up in the conversation,
which is an international online
376
00:21:27,031 --> 00:21:30,381
publication of short articles by
academics on a whole wide range
377
00:21:30,381 --> 00:21:32,761
of topics, but there's one that
came out about the UFO files
378
00:21:32,761 --> 00:21:35,511
recently and quite frankly it's
very disappointing because it
379
00:21:35,511 --> 00:21:37,871
goes towards the thing, yes,
there are a lot of cases that
380
00:21:37,871 --> 00:21:40,232
have been explained, yes, there
are a lot of cases that have
381
00:21:40,232 --> 00:21:42,592
come out before and not
particularly new, but he said
382
00:21:42,592 --> 00:21:44,871
there's a lot of unresolved
cases and one of the ones he
383
00:21:44,871 --> 00:21:46,352
refers to is the tic tac one.
384
00:21:46,472 --> 00:21:49,807
Now the tic tac one came out.
From the Pentagon, great
385
00:21:49,807 --> 00:21:52,177
revelation despite the fact that
it actually come out years
386
00:21:52,177 --> 00:21:54,488
before and everyone knew about
it in the UFO community. But
387
00:21:54,488 --> 00:21:57,248
this article says that the
object in the tic tac videos
388
00:21:57,248 --> 00:22:00,687
with a little sort of round oly
shaped blob in the screen taken
389
00:22:00,687 --> 00:22:04,397
from a US fighter jet, that the
video doesn't seem to behave how
390
00:22:04,397 --> 00:22:07,368
any kind of aircraft should,
showing no signs of propulsion.
391
00:22:07,407 --> 00:22:09,887
Well, the trouble is it has been
investigated and all you're
392
00:22:09,887 --> 00:22:12,287
seeing is the sign of
propulsion, a thing called
393
00:22:12,287 --> 00:22:14,343
thermal blooming, which comes.
From the jet engines. So if
394
00:22:14,343 --> 00:22:17,264
you're looking from behind
another plane, a jet plane, a
395
00:22:17,264 --> 00:22:20,124
fighter, whatever, and all
you're picking up is the glow
396
00:22:20,343 --> 00:22:22,573
from the engine. You're not
seeing any detail of the shape
397
00:22:22,573 --> 00:22:24,663
of the craft, just sort of
blurring out because of this
398
00:22:24,663 --> 00:22:25,423
thermal blooming.
399
00:22:25,703 --> 00:22:28,303
The heat from the aircraft is
creating this white glow, and
400
00:22:28,303 --> 00:22:30,864
that's what a tic tac is. And so
it has been explained quite
401
00:22:30,864 --> 00:22:33,573
simply, quite quickly too, as a
matter of fact, despite the fact
402
00:22:33,573 --> 00:22:35,943
that the Pentagon said we can't
find an explanation for them,
403
00:22:35,984 --> 00:22:38,959
which means the Pentagon is
appallingly inept. Trying to
404
00:22:38,959 --> 00:22:41,560
find explanations when other
researchers and things can find
405
00:22:41,560 --> 00:22:43,280
an explanation within minutes,
literally.
406
00:22:43,790 --> 00:22:45,839
So anyway, there's a whole range
of these videos that have come
407
00:22:45,839 --> 00:22:49,719
out sadly, even a lot of the
pro-UFO community admit that
408
00:22:49,719 --> 00:22:52,260
they're not very impressive and
they need more or they don't
409
00:22:52,260 --> 00:22:54,520
have context or they're not
clear enough as to what they
410
00:22:54,520 --> 00:22:57,079
show. Therefore they're really
hard to investigate. So some of
411
00:22:57,079 --> 00:22:59,430
them will have to remain
unidentified because no one
412
00:22:59,430 --> 00:23:00,550
knows what they are. That's the.
413
00:23:00,550 --> 00:23:03,520
STUART GARY: Skeptics Tim
Minden, and this is Space time.
414
00:23:18,709 --> 00:23:22,469
And that's the show for now.
SpaceT is available every
415
00:23:22,469 --> 00:23:26,329
Monday, Wednesday and Friday
through Bytes.Com, SoundCloud,
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00:23:26,589 --> 00:23:30,189
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00:23:30,189 --> 00:23:34,469
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SpaceTime's also broadcast
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419
00:23:37,569 --> 00:23:40,650
and on both IHeartRadio and
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420
00:23:41,050 --> 00:23:43,939
And you can help to support our
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426
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427
00:24:05,270 --> 00:24:07,900
SPK_1: You've been listening to
SpaceTime with Stuart Garry.
428
00:24:08,390 --> 00:24:11,290
This has been another quality
podcast production from
429
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