#21 The Markov Incident: Does ___ Tiger Remember?

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Speaker:
Hi. I'm Debbie. And I'm Megan.
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Speaker:
We are real life scientists, and
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we want to share some sciencey
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stories that are occasionally
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thought provoking.
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Okay.
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In somewhat unsettling.
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Speaker:
Mhm.
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Speaker:
But with an ad libs twist.
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Speaker:
You are listening to lab libs.
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Speaker:
Okay.
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Speaker:
Hi. How are you?
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Speaker:
I'm good.
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Chilling.
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Yep.
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Like a villain.
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okay first.
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So only somewhat unsettling.
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Speaker:
Is that what you said?
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Yeah.
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Speaker:
I mean, yeah, at least it's not
fully unsettling.
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Unsettling.
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I don't know if it's going to be
more or less unsettling than,
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putting a corpse on trial or
something silly like that.
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But do you think the Corpse on
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Trial was our most unsettling
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episode?
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I think The Flies was very
unsettling as well.
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Oh, God, that was really their
back.
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Speaker:
Did you hear that?
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Oh I've heard.
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Speaker:
Yeah.
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If anyone wants an update on the
screwworm flies, it's bad.
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Okay.
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Anyways.
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Okay.
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so we'll run through what we do
here real quick.
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Speaker:
Yes.
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Tell me.
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I'm gonna read you a story about
something semi sciencey.
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Speaker:
Mhm.
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ahead of time.
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I've given you some ad lib
blanks, which we call lob libs.
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and I've given you some
categories.
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You've given me all your
answers.
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Yes.
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I took a random stab in the dark
because I have no idea what your
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story is about.
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You did fairly well.
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Really?
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Yeah.
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And, as we go along and I tell
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you the story that you know
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nothing about.
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Mhm.
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I'll fill in your answers.
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We'll see how close or far you
are.
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And, hopefully we don't get too
derailed, with the answers.
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We will.
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Oh, yeah, I know.
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But as always, before we do any
of that, what do we have to do?
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I don't know.
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I can't think of anything.
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Um, how about two out of context
quotes?
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Oh. That's right.
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Yeah.
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Okay.
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The first one is, by a guy named
Yuri Thrush.
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What a name.
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Yeah, I know.
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Okay.
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And it says, quote, there are
many people who don't believe
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this actually happened.
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They think it's some phantasm of
my imagination.
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But it was real.
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there are the facts.
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Oh, okay.
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Well, I believe him, but many
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people don't believe,
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apparently.
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and then the second one is by a
guy named doctor Mark Beckel.
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I'm sorry, what's your final
answer on that?
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P e k o f f l l c. Yeah, right.
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That sounds good.
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Quote.
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Even if animals experienced
revenge, it would not mean they
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practice it, as humans do.
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To offer a universal theory of
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animal revenge is an
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exaggeration.
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Okay.
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animal revenge.
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Mhm.
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So he's saying we are
Anthropomorphizing.
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Yeah.
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Their revenge in some way.
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Right, right, right.
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Yeah.
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Okay.
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So. Today on lab labs, we are
going, big cat.
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Oh. That was good.
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Yeah.
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Okay.
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your first lab libs is in this
one, which is funny because your
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category was a large animal and
you said lion, so am I right?
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How are you feeling?
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I'm feeling good.
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That's a big cat.
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Oh, that's a big cat.
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Is it a lion?
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It could be a tiger.
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There are six surviving
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subspecies of blank left in the
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world.
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What do you think?
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Oh, I think it might be Tiger.
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Tigers?
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Yeah.
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That's right.
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Um, there is the Bengal tiger.
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It's like the more common
subspecies.
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It's found mainly in India and
in Bangladesh.
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And it has like a bright orange
coat with dark stripes.
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Okay.
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There's the.
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Sumatran.
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Sumatran.
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How do you say that?
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I don't know Sumatran.
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You're the pronunciation expert
on this show.
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That's true.
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So I probably said it right,
Tiger.
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Say it with your chest, Debi.
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Say it with confidence.
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Offend anybody.
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Which is the smallest living
tiger subspecies.
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found only on the Indonesian
island of Sumatra and known for
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being strong swimmers.
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I thought it was pretty cool.
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Yeah.
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I can't even picture a tiger
swimming.
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Yeah.
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They swim okay.
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Yeah.
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We have the Malayan tiger, a
smaller subspecies that's native
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to southern Malay Peninsula.
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There's the Indochinese tiger,
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which is in parts of Southeast
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Asia, like Thailand, Laos and
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Myanmar.
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And they have narrower stripes,
which is I don't think of tigers
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having like narrow stripes.
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So I thought that was funny.
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then there's the critically
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endangered South China tiger,
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which is also considered
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functionally extinct.
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Which is the white tiger.
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Isn't there white tigers?
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Maybe that's just.
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Like a mutation.
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It's a morph of the Bengal
tiger.
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Yeah, and there's, like, none in
the wild.
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They're only in captivity.
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And then there is the largest of
all tiger subspecies.
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Okay.
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Which is adapted to freezing
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northern forests with thicker
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coats, paler colored fur, and
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vast territory requirements
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compared to a tropical tiger
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species.
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I don't know about which one it
is.
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No, no. Okay.
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Maybe when I say what it is,
maybe you might.
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You might know it.
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I'll give you another hint.
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It's also called the Amur tiger.
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Anything?
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Amor amor.
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Amor Amor.
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Nope.
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It's a m u r. No, it's not
ringing any bells.
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What about Panthera?
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Tigris?
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I'll take it.
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Absolutely not.
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Speaker:
No no no no. Okay, well, your
second lab libs is in this one.
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I said a country near China.
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You said Thailand.
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I did, I said Thailand.
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Question mark.
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Is that near China?
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I think so.
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I thought so, yeah.
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Okay.
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I'm gonna read you the sentence
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and you tell me if you think you
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were right.
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Okay.
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The Amur tiger, also called the
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Siberian tiger, lives primarily
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in blanks.
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Far East, with a small
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population extending into
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northeastern China.
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Yeah, I think maybe Thailand.
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Siberian.
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Speaker:
Oh, is that a country?
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Speaker:
I believe to see Siberia or
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Siberian is a territory of
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Russia.
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Speaker:
I never really thought about
what that meant.
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Speaker:
Aren't people say like, oh, it's
like as cold as Siberia in here
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or something like that?
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I guess I'm bad at geography,
right?
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So I never really questioned
what that is.
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Speaker:
Oh, isn't that extinct?
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Speaker:
Oh, no. That's saber tooth
tigers.
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Yeah.
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Yeah.
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And then they might have been
Siberian, too, I don't know.
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Speaker:
I don't know that much about
saber toothed tigers.
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Speaker:
Okay, so we've derailed the
conversation.
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Speaker:
So Siberian tigers are the the
biggest.
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Speaker:
Is that what you are?
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Speaker:
The biggest?
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Okay.
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Yeah.
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They are the biggest.
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Speaker:
Um, but they do have a small
Population.
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Speaker:
Russia is near China.
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Speaker:
Yes.
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Oh very much.
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Speaker:
I'm learning so much.
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Speaker:
What do you think of as north of
China?
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Speaker:
Oh. Oh, yeah.
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Speaker:
Russia goes all the way across.
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Speaker:
All the way.
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Speaker:
Yeah.
241
00:08:04,740 --> 00:08:05,459
Speaker:
Okay.
242
00:08:05,459 --> 00:08:05,660
Speaker:
Okay.
243
00:08:05,660 --> 00:08:05,899
Speaker:
Okay.
244
00:08:05,899 --> 00:08:07,860
Speaker:
Okay, okay.
245
00:08:07,860 --> 00:08:10,579
Speaker:
Here's Megan sounding dumb.
246
00:08:10,579 --> 00:08:14,500
Speaker:
Oh, my goodness, your geography
is horrendous.
247
00:08:14,500 --> 00:08:20,620
Speaker:
This region, which is known as
Morskie Kray or cry.
248
00:08:20,620 --> 00:08:21,779
Speaker:
Sorry.
249
00:08:21,779 --> 00:08:24,160
Speaker:
sorry to all of our Russian
listeners.
250
00:08:24,160 --> 00:08:25,079
Speaker:
Oh, yeah.
251
00:08:25,079 --> 00:08:26,519
Speaker:
We're big in Russia.
252
00:08:26,519 --> 00:08:26,959
Speaker:
Zero.
253
00:08:26,959 --> 00:08:28,120
Speaker:
Oh, no, we're big in Russia.
254
00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:29,120
Speaker:
We're big in Russia.
255
00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:30,000
Speaker:
We just don't know it.
256
00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:31,480
Speaker:
We just don't know it.
257
00:08:31,480 --> 00:08:36,039
Speaker:
it is part of a vast Russian
taiga.
258
00:08:36,039 --> 00:08:39,759
Speaker:
It has Korean pine forests.
259
00:08:39,759 --> 00:08:43,200
Speaker:
Large mountains, frozen rivers
260
00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:46,340
Speaker:
and deep snow temperatures in
261
00:08:46,340 --> 00:08:48,519
Speaker:
winter can fall below negative
262
00:08:48,519 --> 00:08:49,179
Speaker:
thirty.
263
00:08:49,179 --> 00:08:51,580
Speaker:
Wow, that is very chilly.
264
00:08:51,580 --> 00:08:57,580
Speaker:
Yeah, and snow can remain on the
ground for nearly half the year.
265
00:08:57,580 --> 00:09:02,379
Speaker:
MM. Food sources are scattered
across vast distances.
266
00:09:02,379 --> 00:09:04,840
Speaker:
So the Amur tigers survival
267
00:09:04,840 --> 00:09:06,659
Speaker:
takes patience, efficiency and
268
00:09:06,659 --> 00:09:07,740
Speaker:
memory.
269
00:09:07,740 --> 00:09:13,419
Speaker:
MM. Unlike African lions, tigers
are solitary.
270
00:09:13,419 --> 00:09:15,379
Speaker:
They spend almost their entire
271
00:09:15,379 --> 00:09:17,500
Speaker:
lives alone, except for during
272
00:09:17,500 --> 00:09:19,820
Speaker:
mating or while females are
273
00:09:19,820 --> 00:09:21,980
Speaker:
raising cubs.
274
00:09:21,980 --> 00:09:24,740
Speaker:
Okay, I don't think I knew that.
275
00:09:24,740 --> 00:09:25,659
Speaker:
That's interesting.
276
00:09:25,659 --> 00:09:26,899
Speaker:
That is crazy, right?
277
00:09:26,899 --> 00:09:27,299
Speaker:
Yeah.
278
00:09:27,299 --> 00:09:33,080
Speaker:
your next lab is in this next
sentence, it says adult males
279
00:09:33,080 --> 00:09:38,029
Speaker:
may occupy territories ranging
from Four hundred to more than
280
00:09:38,029 --> 00:09:39,889
Speaker:
blank square miles.
281
00:09:39,889 --> 00:09:44,210
Speaker:
I gave you a number between four
hundred and seven hundred.
282
00:09:44,210 --> 00:09:45,090
Speaker:
You said six.
283
00:09:45,090 --> 00:09:45,450
Speaker:
Six.
284
00:09:45,450 --> 00:09:46,250
Speaker:
Six six.
285
00:09:46,250 --> 00:09:47,049
Speaker:
What do you think?
286
00:09:47,049 --> 00:09:50,970
Speaker:
I feel like it's probably like
four to five hundred.
287
00:09:50,970 --> 00:09:55,809
Speaker:
It's, four to more than seven
hundred square miles.
288
00:09:55,809 --> 00:09:57,809
Speaker:
So it was a trick.
289
00:09:57,809 --> 00:09:58,570
Speaker:
It was.
290
00:09:58,570 --> 00:10:03,809
Speaker:
I gave you the range you picked,
but it was more than the range
291
00:10:03,809 --> 00:10:04,490
Speaker:
you gave me.
292
00:10:04,490 --> 00:10:06,049
Speaker:
Oh, it's just so.
293
00:10:06,049 --> 00:10:07,370
Speaker:
I couldn't have gotten four
294
00:10:07,370 --> 00:10:08,809
Speaker:
hundred to more than seven
295
00:10:08,809 --> 00:10:09,370
Speaker:
hundred.
296
00:10:09,370 --> 00:10:11,730
Speaker:
Oh, I meant like seven hundred.
297
00:10:11,730 --> 00:10:12,850
Speaker:
It was really what I meant.
298
00:10:12,850 --> 00:10:13,929
Speaker:
You set me up for.
299
00:10:13,929 --> 00:10:15,009
Speaker:
I really wasn't thinking.
300
00:10:15,009 --> 00:10:16,929
Speaker:
It was more than seven hundred
miles.
301
00:10:16,929 --> 00:10:18,970
Speaker:
I was thinking it was just seven
hundred miles.
302
00:10:18,970 --> 00:10:21,169
Speaker:
That was the largest amount.
303
00:10:21,169 --> 00:10:22,370
Speaker:
Then I was pretty close.
304
00:10:22,370 --> 00:10:23,250
Speaker:
Six, six, six.
305
00:10:23,250 --> 00:10:24,809
Speaker:
Yeah, you did good.
306
00:10:24,809 --> 00:10:27,340
Speaker:
Adult males may occupy
307
00:10:27,340 --> 00:10:29,669
Speaker:
Territories from four seven
308
00:10:29,669 --> 00:10:31,070
Speaker:
hundred and then females
309
00:10:31,070 --> 00:10:32,870
Speaker:
generally controlled territories
310
00:10:32,870 --> 00:10:35,389
Speaker:
between ninety five and one
311
00:10:35,389 --> 00:10:36,629
Speaker:
hundred and seventy square
312
00:10:36,629 --> 00:10:37,269
Speaker:
miles.
313
00:10:37,269 --> 00:10:40,389
Speaker:
They constantly patrol these
territories.
314
00:10:40,389 --> 00:10:45,269
Speaker:
They use scent marks and scratch
marks on trees to advertise
315
00:10:45,269 --> 00:10:46,870
Speaker:
their presence to other tigers.
316
00:10:46,870 --> 00:10:47,309
Speaker:
Other tigers.
317
00:10:47,309 --> 00:10:47,909
Speaker:
Oh.
318
00:10:47,909 --> 00:10:48,509
Speaker:
Mhm.
319
00:10:48,509 --> 00:10:49,909
Speaker:
It's weird how much smaller.
320
00:10:49,909 --> 00:10:53,509
Speaker:
I guess it's not weird, but
it's, um, interesting how much
321
00:10:53,509 --> 00:10:54,990
Speaker:
smaller the females are.
322
00:10:54,990 --> 00:10:55,990
Speaker:
Smaller, right?
323
00:10:55,990 --> 00:10:57,190
Speaker:
Territory is.
324
00:10:57,190 --> 00:10:57,789
Speaker:
Yeah.
325
00:10:57,789 --> 00:11:01,029
Speaker:
I didn't really look into why
that is such a big disparity.
326
00:11:01,029 --> 00:11:02,669
Speaker:
But yeah, that is weird.
327
00:11:02,669 --> 00:11:08,350
Speaker:
I guess feral cats, like house
cats in the outdoors, also have
328
00:11:08,350 --> 00:11:10,590
Speaker:
that same disparity.
329
00:11:10,590 --> 00:11:11,230
Speaker:
Oh really?
330
00:11:11,230 --> 00:11:11,750
Speaker:
Yeah.
331
00:11:11,750 --> 00:11:17,195
Speaker:
male cats will go about a mile
from their food source, whereas
332
00:11:17,195 --> 00:11:21,695
Speaker:
female cats will only go like a
couple hundred feet.
333
00:11:21,695 --> 00:11:22,774
Speaker:
Oh, interesting.
334
00:11:22,774 --> 00:11:23,294
Speaker:
Yeah.
335
00:11:23,294 --> 00:11:24,174
Speaker:
MM. Wow.
336
00:11:24,174 --> 00:11:28,215
Speaker:
So I guess they get that from
their big cat relatives.
337
00:11:28,215 --> 00:11:31,674
Speaker:
So yeah, they, they use their
scent marks and they use scratch
338
00:11:31,674 --> 00:11:34,174
Speaker:
marks on trees, which I think
was pretty cool.
339
00:11:34,174 --> 00:11:34,735
Speaker:
It's so fun.
340
00:11:34,735 --> 00:11:36,375
Speaker:
Like they're communicating with
each other.
341
00:11:36,375 --> 00:11:36,695
Speaker:
Yeah.
342
00:11:36,695 --> 00:11:37,455
Speaker:
That's so crazy.
343
00:11:37,455 --> 00:11:38,095
Speaker:
Yeah.
344
00:11:38,095 --> 00:11:38,735
Speaker:
Yeah.
345
00:11:38,735 --> 00:11:42,335
Speaker:
rather than fighting over
territory, neighboring Tigers
346
00:11:42,335 --> 00:11:46,735
Speaker:
usually avoid one another by
recognizing these markers.
347
00:11:46,735 --> 00:11:51,654
Speaker:
Living in this harsh environment
means every decision matters.
348
00:11:51,654 --> 00:11:54,615
Speaker:
Your next lab is in this one.
349
00:11:54,615 --> 00:11:56,934
Speaker:
I said something wild that you
might hunt.
350
00:11:56,934 --> 00:11:58,414
Speaker:
I said A boar.
351
00:11:58,414 --> 00:11:58,894
Speaker:
You did?
352
00:11:58,894 --> 00:11:59,815
Speaker:
You said a boar.
353
00:11:59,815 --> 00:12:02,934
Speaker:
Okay, so the this is the way the
sentence reads.
354
00:12:02,934 --> 00:12:04,014
Speaker:
You tell me what you think.
355
00:12:04,014 --> 00:12:04,904
Speaker:
Okay.
356
00:12:04,904 --> 00:12:12,804
Speaker:
Amur tigers primarily hunt blank
red deer, Sitka deer, roe deer,
357
00:12:12,804 --> 00:12:15,144
Speaker:
and occasionally elk.
358
00:12:15,144 --> 00:12:18,144
Speaker:
How do you think you did with
boar?
359
00:12:18,144 --> 00:12:21,065
Speaker:
I don't think boar matches that.
360
00:12:21,065 --> 00:12:21,625
Speaker:
It doesn't.
361
00:12:21,625 --> 00:12:22,784
Speaker:
But you're actually right.
362
00:12:22,784 --> 00:12:23,264
Speaker:
Really?
363
00:12:23,264 --> 00:12:24,304
Speaker:
Wild boar?
364
00:12:24,304 --> 00:12:25,865
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.
365
00:12:25,865 --> 00:12:26,904
Speaker:
I was thinking, because those
366
00:12:26,904 --> 00:12:29,365
Speaker:
all sound like more docile ish
367
00:12:29,365 --> 00:12:30,644
Speaker:
prey animals.
368
00:12:30,644 --> 00:12:32,404
Speaker:
A boar, I feel like is more
aggressive.
369
00:12:32,404 --> 00:12:34,924
Speaker:
So I thought maybe it didn't fit
in with the other ones you just
370
00:12:34,924 --> 00:12:36,644
Speaker:
said, but they like it.
371
00:12:36,644 --> 00:12:37,365
Speaker:
Guess so.
372
00:12:37,365 --> 00:12:38,125
Speaker:
Yeah.
373
00:12:38,125 --> 00:12:43,524
Speaker:
they may stalk prey for hours
before launching an ambush, but
374
00:12:43,524 --> 00:12:46,325
Speaker:
most of their hunts fail.
375
00:12:46,325 --> 00:12:47,445
Speaker:
Believe it or not.
376
00:12:47,445 --> 00:12:49,784
Speaker:
Yeah, I have heard that before.
377
00:12:49,784 --> 00:12:51,304
Speaker:
That's kind of crazy.
378
00:12:51,304 --> 00:12:55,585
Speaker:
You just picture like you think
of like, a predator, just being
379
00:12:55,585 --> 00:12:58,784
Speaker:
able to just kill and get food
with high accuracy.
380
00:12:58,784 --> 00:12:59,144
Speaker:
Right?
381
00:12:59,144 --> 00:12:59,904
Speaker:
Exactly.
382
00:12:59,904 --> 00:13:00,865
Speaker:
Yeah.
383
00:13:00,865 --> 00:13:05,764
Speaker:
when one succeeds, the impact
can be substantial an adult.
384
00:13:05,764 --> 00:13:10,245
Speaker:
Tiger can consume sixty pounds
of meat in a single feeding.
385
00:13:10,245 --> 00:13:10,725
Speaker:
Wow.
386
00:13:10,725 --> 00:13:15,625
Speaker:
And they often return to The
carcass, over several days.
387
00:13:15,625 --> 00:13:17,465
Speaker:
Yeah, I know that they get a lot
388
00:13:17,465 --> 00:13:20,804
Speaker:
of meat out of one kill because
389
00:13:20,804 --> 00:13:22,225
Speaker:
of what you said earlier like
390
00:13:22,225 --> 00:13:22,445
Speaker:
that.
391
00:13:22,445 --> 00:13:24,764
Speaker:
They're not always successful,
so they might not get another
392
00:13:24,764 --> 00:13:26,245
Speaker:
kill for a while, right?
393
00:13:26,245 --> 00:13:26,764
Speaker:
Yeah.
394
00:13:26,764 --> 00:13:27,004
Speaker:
Yeah.
395
00:13:27,004 --> 00:13:28,245
Speaker:
And I didn't know that.
396
00:13:28,245 --> 00:13:30,725
Speaker:
But they'll go back to a
carcass.
397
00:13:30,725 --> 00:13:34,085
Speaker:
Like they'll kind of hide it a
little bit and like, go back to
398
00:13:34,085 --> 00:13:36,774
Speaker:
it for a couple of days.
399
00:13:36,774 --> 00:13:38,774
Speaker:
As you can imagine, losing a
400
00:13:38,774 --> 00:13:40,894
Speaker:
kill represents more than a
401
00:13:40,894 --> 00:13:41,615
Speaker:
missed meal.
402
00:13:41,615 --> 00:13:43,934
Speaker:
But also represents like wasting
403
00:13:43,934 --> 00:13:45,634
Speaker:
energy that may be hard to
404
00:13:45,634 --> 00:13:47,554
Speaker:
replace during a Siberian
405
00:13:47,554 --> 00:13:48,115
Speaker:
winter.
406
00:13:48,115 --> 00:13:48,835
Speaker:
True.
407
00:13:48,835 --> 00:13:54,154
Speaker:
Although they are apex
predators, Amur tigers generally
408
00:13:54,154 --> 00:13:56,315
Speaker:
avoid people whenever possible.
409
00:13:56,315 --> 00:13:59,115
Speaker:
What I thought was funny when I
410
00:13:59,115 --> 00:14:00,595
Speaker:
was researching this, I was
411
00:14:00,595 --> 00:14:02,914
Speaker:
like, okay, who's the bigger
412
00:14:02,914 --> 00:14:04,195
Speaker:
predator though?
413
00:14:04,195 --> 00:14:11,674
Speaker:
Like us or like a tiger, for
instance, you know, and maybe
414
00:14:11,674 --> 00:14:15,195
Speaker:
more than one apex predator in
an ecosystem, I think.
415
00:14:15,195 --> 00:14:16,394
Speaker:
Yeah.
416
00:14:16,394 --> 00:14:19,375
Speaker:
But most of the things that I
417
00:14:19,375 --> 00:14:22,754
Speaker:
read it basically said were the
418
00:14:22,754 --> 00:14:23,634
Speaker:
same.
419
00:14:23,634 --> 00:14:28,445
Speaker:
And that's why tigers just
generally avoid humans.
420
00:14:28,445 --> 00:14:28,845
Speaker:
Yeah.
421
00:14:28,845 --> 00:14:33,985
Speaker:
You know, decades of research in
Russia have shown that most
422
00:14:33,985 --> 00:14:40,184
Speaker:
encounters occur because humans
enter, tiger habitat, surprise
423
00:14:40,184 --> 00:14:44,725
Speaker:
an animal at close range or
encounter a tiger.
424
00:14:44,725 --> 00:14:47,445
Speaker:
That is injured or protecting
cubs.
425
00:14:47,445 --> 00:14:48,884
Speaker:
HMM.
426
00:14:48,884 --> 00:14:51,044
Speaker:
Doctor John Goodrich is a
427
00:14:51,044 --> 00:14:54,465
Speaker:
wildlife biologist, and he
428
00:14:54,465 --> 00:14:56,825
Speaker:
thinks that most human tiger
429
00:14:56,825 --> 00:14:59,384
Speaker:
conflicts arise from competition
430
00:14:59,384 --> 00:15:01,424
Speaker:
for space and resources, rather
431
00:15:01,424 --> 00:15:03,264
Speaker:
than deliberate aggression
432
00:15:03,264 --> 00:15:04,225
Speaker:
towards humans.
433
00:15:04,225 --> 00:15:05,465
Speaker:
That makes a lot of sense.
434
00:15:05,465 --> 00:15:09,065
Speaker:
If they're trying to avoid us
anyways, then I think that.
435
00:15:09,065 --> 00:15:13,965
Speaker:
Those scenarios would would be
most likely the key ones, right?
436
00:15:13,965 --> 00:15:14,845
Speaker:
Yeah.
437
00:15:14,845 --> 00:15:16,605
Speaker:
Researchers classify attacks
438
00:15:16,605 --> 00:15:19,004
Speaker:
based on circumstances, and most
439
00:15:19,004 --> 00:15:21,804
Speaker:
of those involve injured
440
00:15:21,804 --> 00:15:24,205
Speaker:
animals, surprise encounters or
441
00:15:24,205 --> 00:15:25,865
Speaker:
livestock conflicts.
442
00:15:25,865 --> 00:15:26,384
Speaker:
Mhm.
443
00:15:26,384 --> 00:15:29,024
Speaker:
Your next lab is in this
sentence.
444
00:15:29,024 --> 00:15:32,705
Speaker:
And I gave you a year in the
nineteen hundreds.
445
00:15:32,705 --> 00:15:33,904
Speaker:
I did what you wanted.
446
00:15:33,904 --> 00:15:35,225
Speaker:
You said nineteen twelve.
447
00:15:35,225 --> 00:15:36,304
Speaker:
I did.
448
00:15:36,304 --> 00:15:37,945
Speaker:
And you said, are you happy?
449
00:15:37,945 --> 00:15:39,544
Speaker:
And yes, I'm very happy.
450
00:15:39,544 --> 00:15:41,664
Speaker:
But you are gonna be horribly
off.
451
00:15:41,664 --> 00:15:42,065
Speaker:
Yeah.
452
00:15:42,065 --> 00:15:42,705
Speaker:
Yeah.
453
00:15:42,705 --> 00:15:48,304
Speaker:
So, this is the sentence you
tell me because you know a lot
454
00:15:48,304 --> 00:15:49,945
Speaker:
of history and everything, so.
455
00:15:49,945 --> 00:15:52,504
Speaker:
Oh, famously good at history.
456
00:15:52,504 --> 00:15:53,585
Speaker:
I'm just kidding.
457
00:15:53,585 --> 00:15:59,465
Speaker:
So an incident that occurred in
the winter of blank continues to
458
00:15:59,465 --> 00:16:03,004
Speaker:
fascinate wildlife researchers.
459
00:16:03,004 --> 00:16:06,174
Speaker:
You have no context at all
whatsoever?
460
00:16:06,174 --> 00:16:07,735
Speaker:
Nope.
461
00:16:07,735 --> 00:16:09,215
Speaker:
I don't know.
462
00:16:09,215 --> 00:16:11,455
Speaker:
Yeah, well, you told me I was
wildly off.
463
00:16:11,455 --> 00:16:13,534
Speaker:
So what is it, like nineteen
sixty or something?
464
00:16:13,534 --> 00:16:15,054
Speaker:
It's nineteen ninety seven.
465
00:16:15,054 --> 00:16:15,975
Speaker:
Oh, yeah.
466
00:16:15,975 --> 00:16:18,855
Speaker:
So we're heading we're heading
all the way back to just
467
00:16:18,855 --> 00:16:20,615
Speaker:
nineteen ninety seven.
468
00:16:20,615 --> 00:16:22,054
Speaker:
Hey, that was a long time ago.
469
00:16:22,054 --> 00:16:26,134
Speaker:
A lot closer than my last
episode, though.
470
00:16:26,134 --> 00:16:27,095
Speaker:
Oh, yeah.
471
00:16:27,095 --> 00:16:29,695
Speaker:
The last episode was, like,
ancient.
472
00:16:29,695 --> 00:16:30,254
Speaker:
Ancient.
473
00:16:30,254 --> 00:16:31,335
Speaker:
Yeah.
474
00:16:31,335 --> 00:16:32,735
Speaker:
Okay.
475
00:16:32,735 --> 00:16:34,495
Speaker:
Following the collapse of the
476
00:16:34,495 --> 00:16:36,615
Speaker:
Soviet Union, many people in
477
00:16:36,615 --> 00:16:38,695
Speaker:
Russia's Far East lost their
478
00:16:38,695 --> 00:16:40,095
Speaker:
livelihoods.
479
00:16:40,095 --> 00:16:43,455
Speaker:
With legal hunting too
expensive.
480
00:16:43,455 --> 00:16:45,274
Speaker:
A guy named Vladimir Markov
481
00:16:45,274 --> 00:16:48,014
Speaker:
survived by keeping bees and
482
00:16:48,014 --> 00:16:50,215
Speaker:
poaching wildlife.
483
00:16:50,215 --> 00:16:51,335
Speaker:
Mhm.
484
00:16:51,335 --> 00:16:56,134
Speaker:
As author John Vaillant
describes it, for many people,
485
00:16:56,134 --> 00:16:58,174
Speaker:
it became poach or starve.
486
00:16:58,174 --> 00:17:00,095
Speaker:
I've never thought about it that
way.
487
00:17:00,095 --> 00:17:02,455
Speaker:
And at the same time, an exotic
488
00:17:02,455 --> 00:17:04,375
Speaker:
animal could be worth tens of
489
00:17:04,375 --> 00:17:06,015
Speaker:
thousands of dollars on the
490
00:17:06,015 --> 00:17:07,494
Speaker:
black market.
491
00:17:07,494 --> 00:17:09,494
Speaker:
MM. Making these endangered
492
00:17:09,494 --> 00:17:12,015
Speaker:
animals valuable, but also
493
00:17:12,015 --> 00:17:13,295
Speaker:
dangerous targets.
494
00:17:13,295 --> 00:17:14,494
Speaker:
Right.
495
00:17:14,494 --> 00:17:19,295
Speaker:
So Markov was an experienced
Russian hunter and poacher.
496
00:17:19,295 --> 00:17:23,375
Speaker:
And he was traveling through the
Primorsky Krai forest.
497
00:17:23,375 --> 00:17:25,775
Speaker:
And he encountered an Amur tiger
498
00:17:25,775 --> 00:17:28,035
Speaker:
feeding on a freshly killed wild
499
00:17:28,035 --> 00:17:28,454
Speaker:
boar.
500
00:17:28,454 --> 00:17:29,615
Speaker:
As they do.
501
00:17:29,615 --> 00:17:32,095
Speaker:
As they do hunters familiar with
502
00:17:32,095 --> 00:17:33,724
Speaker:
tiger Behavior normally
503
00:17:33,724 --> 00:17:35,325
Speaker:
understand that approaching a
504
00:17:35,325 --> 00:17:38,605
Speaker:
tiger on a kill is extremely
505
00:17:38,605 --> 00:17:39,444
Speaker:
dangerous.
506
00:17:39,444 --> 00:17:41,585
Speaker:
I think everyone would probably
507
00:17:41,585 --> 00:17:43,944
Speaker:
guess that even without like
508
00:17:43,944 --> 00:17:45,244
Speaker:
expert knowledge in tiger
509
00:17:45,244 --> 00:17:47,005
Speaker:
behavior, because that just
510
00:17:47,005 --> 00:17:49,744
Speaker:
sounds like common knowledge of
511
00:17:49,744 --> 00:17:51,605
Speaker:
like common knowledge of tiger
512
00:17:51,605 --> 00:17:53,285
Speaker:
behavior, right?
513
00:17:53,285 --> 00:17:55,325
Speaker:
Or I think like dangerous
animals.
514
00:17:55,325 --> 00:17:55,845
Speaker:
Yeah.
515
00:17:55,845 --> 00:17:56,605
Speaker:
What the hell?
516
00:17:56,605 --> 00:17:57,325
Speaker:
Yeah.
517
00:17:57,325 --> 00:17:59,684
Speaker:
Why would you interrupt some
vicious.
518
00:17:59,684 --> 00:18:01,805
Speaker:
I mean, I'm not saying they're
all vicious, but why would you
519
00:18:01,805 --> 00:18:05,125
Speaker:
interrupt some powerful predator
in the middle of their meal?
520
00:18:05,125 --> 00:18:06,565
Speaker:
Those things are so big, too.
521
00:18:06,565 --> 00:18:10,204
Speaker:
They're like six to seven
hundred pounds.
522
00:18:10,204 --> 00:18:10,924
Speaker:
Oh, gosh.
523
00:18:10,924 --> 00:18:11,444
Speaker:
Yeah.
524
00:18:11,444 --> 00:18:12,085
Speaker:
Okay.
525
00:18:12,085 --> 00:18:14,204
Speaker:
I'm guessing he interrupted the
meal.
526
00:18:14,204 --> 00:18:19,605
Speaker:
So instead of backing away,
Markoff fired his rifle.
527
00:18:19,605 --> 00:18:20,325
Speaker:
Oh, okay.
528
00:18:20,325 --> 00:18:23,484
Speaker:
I hope he didn't miss, because
otherwise she's toast.
529
00:18:23,484 --> 00:18:26,775
Speaker:
Wounded the tiger, but didn't
actually kill it.
530
00:18:26,775 --> 00:18:27,535
Speaker:
Yeah.
531
00:18:27,535 --> 00:18:28,015
Speaker:
Mhm.
532
00:18:28,015 --> 00:18:29,174
Speaker:
Markoff's dead.
533
00:18:29,174 --> 00:18:30,335
Speaker:
Yeah.
534
00:18:30,335 --> 00:18:32,174
Speaker:
Then dummy Markoff.
535
00:18:32,174 --> 00:18:35,974
Speaker:
I put that in my actual dummy.
536
00:18:35,974 --> 00:18:40,015
Speaker:
Markoff dragged away part of the
wild boar.
537
00:18:40,015 --> 00:18:44,095
Speaker:
No. And then left the area.
538
00:18:44,095 --> 00:18:48,174
Speaker:
Um, now, if you've been keeping
score, shooting a six hundred
539
00:18:48,174 --> 00:18:52,954
Speaker:
pound apex predator while it's
eating is generally considered a
540
00:18:52,954 --> 00:18:54,234
Speaker:
bad life choice.
541
00:18:54,234 --> 00:18:55,714
Speaker:
A bad life choice.
542
00:18:55,714 --> 00:18:56,315
Speaker:
Wait.
543
00:18:56,315 --> 00:18:58,974
Speaker:
Um, interrupting and shooting
544
00:18:58,974 --> 00:19:02,914
Speaker:
the animal and then stealing its
545
00:19:02,914 --> 00:19:03,474
Speaker:
meal.
546
00:19:03,474 --> 00:19:05,394
Speaker:
Right?
547
00:19:05,394 --> 00:19:07,355
Speaker:
Many bad decisions.
548
00:19:07,355 --> 00:19:09,434
Speaker:
A lot of problems with this
scenario.
549
00:19:09,434 --> 00:19:09,835
Speaker:
Yeah.
550
00:19:09,835 --> 00:19:10,115
Speaker:
Yeah.
551
00:19:10,115 --> 00:19:11,035
Speaker:
This is bad.
552
00:19:11,035 --> 00:19:12,434
Speaker:
This is real bad.
553
00:19:12,434 --> 00:19:18,835
Speaker:
MM. Men for the tiger hunting in
the Russian taiga.
554
00:19:18,835 --> 00:19:21,720
Speaker:
Requires enormous effort.
555
00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:24,839
Speaker:
And I gave you on this next lab.
556
00:19:24,839 --> 00:19:29,400
Speaker:
Libs is a number between ten and
thirty.
557
00:19:29,400 --> 00:19:31,680
Speaker:
The sentence is a tiger may
558
00:19:31,680 --> 00:19:33,640
Speaker:
travel blank miles in a single
559
00:19:33,640 --> 00:19:35,440
Speaker:
night and still fail to catch
560
00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:36,960
Speaker:
something.
561
00:19:36,960 --> 00:19:39,400
Speaker:
And you said seventeen.
562
00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:40,599
Speaker:
My favorite number.
563
00:19:40,599 --> 00:19:41,119
Speaker:
Nice.
564
00:19:41,119 --> 00:19:42,160
Speaker:
What do you think?
565
00:19:42,160 --> 00:19:44,880
Speaker:
That seems reasonable.
566
00:19:44,880 --> 00:19:45,240
Speaker:
Yeah.
567
00:19:45,240 --> 00:19:46,079
Speaker:
It's twenty.
568
00:19:46,079 --> 00:19:46,519
Speaker:
Okay.
569
00:19:46,519 --> 00:19:47,640
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah.
570
00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:50,039
Speaker:
Um, an adult Siberian tiger
571
00:19:50,039 --> 00:19:52,160
Speaker:
needs an average of about twenty
572
00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:54,099
Speaker:
pounds of food each day to
573
00:19:54,099 --> 00:19:55,440
Speaker:
survive.
574
00:19:55,440 --> 00:19:56,240
Speaker:
Wow.
575
00:19:56,240 --> 00:20:01,980
Speaker:
Next lab libs a number between
seventy and one hundred twenty,
576
00:20:01,980 --> 00:20:07,720
Speaker:
but can eat up to blank pounds
of meat in a single large meal
577
00:20:07,720 --> 00:20:09,400
Speaker:
after a successful hunt.
578
00:20:09,400 --> 00:20:10,640
Speaker:
That's a lot of meat.
579
00:20:10,640 --> 00:20:12,240
Speaker:
Seventy to one hundred twenty.
580
00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:14,700
Speaker:
Yeah, maybe one hundred did you
say?
581
00:20:14,700 --> 00:20:16,180
Speaker:
I think I said ninety nine.
582
00:20:16,180 --> 00:20:16,460
Speaker:
Yeah.
583
00:20:16,460 --> 00:20:17,380
Speaker:
Yeah, I think so.
584
00:20:17,380 --> 00:20:17,539
Speaker:
Yeah.
585
00:20:17,539 --> 00:20:18,180
Speaker:
It's one hundred.
586
00:20:18,180 --> 00:20:18,460
Speaker:
Yeah.
587
00:20:18,460 --> 00:20:19,140
Speaker:
Yeah.
588
00:20:19,140 --> 00:20:19,500
Speaker:
Okay.
589
00:20:19,500 --> 00:20:20,980
Speaker:
So then it would be like set for
590
00:20:20,980 --> 00:20:22,619
Speaker:
several days if it didn't find
591
00:20:22,619 --> 00:20:23,180
Speaker:
anything else.
592
00:20:23,180 --> 00:20:23,539
Speaker:
Right.
593
00:20:23,539 --> 00:20:23,980
Speaker:
Right.
594
00:20:23,980 --> 00:20:26,660
Speaker:
And like I said, they can go
back to it.
595
00:20:26,660 --> 00:20:26,859
Speaker:
Yeah.
596
00:20:26,859 --> 00:20:27,940
Speaker:
Most of the time too.
597
00:20:27,940 --> 00:20:33,259
Speaker:
So yeah, that would equal like a
few days of of me.
598
00:20:34,460 --> 00:20:35,779
Speaker:
There's so much.
599
00:20:35,779 --> 00:20:36,500
Speaker:
I know.
600
00:20:37,940 --> 00:20:39,019
Speaker:
Oh my God.
601
00:20:39,019 --> 00:20:42,539
Speaker:
A successful kill can provide
food for several days as they
602
00:20:42,539 --> 00:20:44,779
Speaker:
often hide the carcass and come
back to it.
603
00:20:44,779 --> 00:20:48,059
Speaker:
I don't think I could eat one
pound of meat.
604
00:20:48,059 --> 00:20:50,039
Speaker:
You can eat a pound of meat
605
00:20:50,039 --> 00:20:52,019
Speaker:
you've never had, like a sixteen
606
00:20:52,019 --> 00:20:54,220
Speaker:
ounce steak or something like
607
00:20:54,220 --> 00:20:54,859
Speaker:
that.
608
00:20:56,220 --> 00:20:59,160
Speaker:
I guess I was thinking more of
like a burger because they say
609
00:20:59,160 --> 00:21:02,059
Speaker:
like, you know, you get like a
quarter pound burger.
610
00:21:02,059 --> 00:21:03,140
Speaker:
And I was like, I don't think I
611
00:21:03,140 --> 00:21:05,940
Speaker:
could eat four burgers like that
612
00:21:05,940 --> 00:21:08,559
Speaker:
size, but I guess I've eaten a
613
00:21:08,559 --> 00:21:09,339
Speaker:
big steak.
614
00:21:09,339 --> 00:21:11,710
Speaker:
Yeah, but that's probably my
limit.
615
00:21:11,710 --> 00:21:12,269
Speaker:
That's a lot.
616
00:21:12,269 --> 00:21:15,349
Speaker:
I don't think I could eat two
sixteen ounce steaks or I don't
617
00:21:15,349 --> 00:21:16,670
Speaker:
think I could eat a hundred.
618
00:21:16,670 --> 00:21:17,829
Speaker:
I'm gonna throw up.
619
00:21:17,829 --> 00:21:19,509
Speaker:
Oh my God.
620
00:21:19,509 --> 00:21:20,109
Speaker:
Okay.
621
00:21:20,109 --> 00:21:25,670
Speaker:
Um, so Marko Markov had not only
injured the tiger, but he had
622
00:21:25,670 --> 00:21:28,430
Speaker:
also taken part of the reward
for all that effort.
623
00:21:28,430 --> 00:21:31,069
Speaker:
Wildlife investigators later
624
00:21:31,069 --> 00:21:32,789
Speaker:
reconstructed what happened
625
00:21:32,789 --> 00:21:34,730
Speaker:
using tracks on physical
626
00:21:34,730 --> 00:21:35,710
Speaker:
evidence.
627
00:21:37,470 --> 00:21:40,470
Speaker:
this is a long sentence, but you
do have a lot of libs in it.
628
00:21:40,470 --> 00:21:42,910
Speaker:
But it's very ancillary item.
629
00:21:42,910 --> 00:21:46,630
Speaker:
So I gave you a home structure
or building.
630
00:21:46,630 --> 00:21:50,170
Speaker:
rather than going deeper into
the forest, the wounded tiger
631
00:21:50,170 --> 00:21:55,130
Speaker:
apparently followed Markoff's
scent trail through the snow and
632
00:21:55,130 --> 00:21:56,809
Speaker:
found the hunting blank.
633
00:21:56,809 --> 00:21:59,609
Speaker:
He was staying in lodge.
634
00:21:59,609 --> 00:22:00,609
Speaker:
It's cabin.
635
00:22:00,609 --> 00:22:01,450
Speaker:
Cabin.
636
00:22:01,450 --> 00:22:02,569
Speaker:
Okay.
637
00:22:02,569 --> 00:22:08,250
Speaker:
Um, all verifiable, verifiable
evidence says that the tiger
638
00:22:08,250 --> 00:22:12,109
Speaker:
remained near the cabin for
twelve to forty eight hours,
639
00:22:12,109 --> 00:22:14,609
Speaker:
waiting for his new prey.
640
00:22:14,609 --> 00:22:17,490
Speaker:
Yes, because Markoff was not
there at the time.
641
00:22:17,490 --> 00:22:18,869
Speaker:
Wow.
642
00:22:18,869 --> 00:22:19,430
Speaker:
Yeah.
643
00:22:19,430 --> 00:22:22,789
Speaker:
That tiger said I hate you, and
644
00:22:22,789 --> 00:22:24,589
Speaker:
I'll fucking wait for you to get
645
00:22:24,589 --> 00:22:25,029
Speaker:
home.
646
00:22:25,029 --> 00:22:25,750
Speaker:
Yeah.
647
00:22:25,750 --> 00:22:26,509
Speaker:
Yep yep yep.
648
00:22:26,509 --> 00:22:28,029
Speaker:
Ooh, buddy.
649
00:22:28,029 --> 00:22:28,670
Speaker:
Ah!
650
00:22:28,670 --> 00:22:31,369
Speaker:
So during that time,
investigators saw that it
651
00:22:31,369 --> 00:22:35,630
Speaker:
damaged objects and destroyed
things carrying Markov's scent,
652
00:22:35,630 --> 00:22:37,470
Speaker:
and then waited nearby.
653
00:22:37,470 --> 00:22:38,549
Speaker:
Whoa.
654
00:22:38,549 --> 00:22:42,509
Speaker:
I see where we're talking about
animal revenge now.
655
00:22:42,509 --> 00:22:43,789
Speaker:
Yeah.
656
00:22:43,789 --> 00:22:45,309
Speaker:
Um, then when Markoff finally
657
00:22:45,309 --> 00:22:47,150
Speaker:
returned, the tiger attacked and
658
00:22:47,150 --> 00:22:48,029
Speaker:
killed him.
659
00:22:48,029 --> 00:22:48,190
Speaker:
Uh.
660
00:22:48,190 --> 00:22:49,109
Speaker:
Huh.
661
00:22:49,109 --> 00:22:52,150
Speaker:
Investigator Yuri thrush.
662
00:22:52,150 --> 00:22:54,309
Speaker:
Okay, here we go.
663
00:22:54,309 --> 00:22:59,150
Speaker:
Said a specialized unit known as
Inspection Tigers.
664
00:23:01,390 --> 00:23:03,910
Speaker:
An elite anti-poaching and
665
00:23:03,910 --> 00:23:05,970
Speaker:
response team that investigated
666
00:23:05,970 --> 00:23:08,190
Speaker:
tiger attacks.
667
00:23:08,190 --> 00:23:09,470
Speaker:
Whoa!
668
00:23:09,470 --> 00:23:14,630
Speaker:
But as he neared the cabin, he
saw that the cabin was in ruins.
669
00:23:14,630 --> 00:23:18,079
Speaker:
There was furniture thrown about
outside.
670
00:23:18,079 --> 00:23:20,240
Speaker:
There was beekeeping boxes that
671
00:23:20,240 --> 00:23:21,960
Speaker:
were crushed, gnawed on and
672
00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:22,680
Speaker:
broken.
673
00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:24,319
Speaker:
Yeah, cause that tiger was mine.
674
00:23:24,319 --> 00:23:26,839
Speaker:
I shed that had been torn apart.
675
00:23:26,839 --> 00:23:28,759
Speaker:
And a bloody trail crossed the
676
00:23:28,759 --> 00:23:30,799
Speaker:
snow and up the front door of
677
00:23:30,799 --> 00:23:31,720
Speaker:
the cabin.
678
00:23:34,640 --> 00:23:37,039
Speaker:
I don't feel bad for this man.
679
00:23:37,039 --> 00:23:39,680
Speaker:
It's really hard to feel bad,
right?
680
00:23:39,680 --> 00:23:42,640
Speaker:
Like you had me for a second
sympathizing for the poachers
681
00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:44,880
Speaker:
because I was like, damn, I
didn't realize that.
682
00:23:44,880 --> 00:23:47,400
Speaker:
Like, some poachers are doing
this because they're starving.
683
00:23:47,400 --> 00:23:49,200
Speaker:
But this guy.
684
00:23:49,200 --> 00:23:50,839
Speaker:
No, this was not smart.
685
00:23:50,839 --> 00:23:53,079
Speaker:
No, no, no, I know.
686
00:23:53,079 --> 00:23:57,200
Speaker:
Um, your next job is in this
one, and I gave you a body part.
687
00:23:57,200 --> 00:23:59,359
Speaker:
You said a thigh.
688
00:23:59,359 --> 00:24:01,859
Speaker:
It says they discovered his body
689
00:24:01,859 --> 00:24:04,559
Speaker:
just a blank in the surrounding
690
00:24:04,559 --> 00:24:05,339
Speaker:
forest.
691
00:24:05,339 --> 00:24:07,220
Speaker:
And it is a leg.
692
00:24:07,220 --> 00:24:08,740
Speaker:
Oh, that's what they found.
693
00:24:08,740 --> 00:24:10,910
Speaker:
That's all they found.
694
00:24:10,910 --> 00:24:12,190
Speaker:
the tiger ate him.
695
00:24:12,190 --> 00:24:15,549
Speaker:
Yeah, as the tiger had killed
and eaten mark off.
696
00:24:15,549 --> 00:24:19,549
Speaker:
wildlife authorities eventually
located and killed the tiger
697
00:24:19,549 --> 00:24:23,950
Speaker:
because it was considered a
continuing threat to the people.
698
00:24:23,950 --> 00:24:25,829
Speaker:
I mean, once you get a taste of
human.
699
00:24:25,829 --> 00:24:26,190
Speaker:
Yeah.
700
00:24:26,190 --> 00:24:26,509
Speaker:
Okay.
701
00:24:26,509 --> 00:24:28,630
Speaker:
Maybe you don't go back.
702
00:24:28,630 --> 00:24:34,230
Speaker:
We can all agree that the tiger
had a reason to be upset.
703
00:24:34,230 --> 00:24:37,509
Speaker:
Yes, it's sad that they killed
him.
704
00:24:37,509 --> 00:24:40,430
Speaker:
Like, I don't think that Tiger
did anything wrong.
705
00:24:40,430 --> 00:24:44,470
Speaker:
I know, but I guess I
understand, whether it was
706
00:24:44,470 --> 00:24:48,309
Speaker:
angry, vengeful, or simply
solving a problem.
707
00:24:48,309 --> 00:24:51,829
Speaker:
That's the question that simply
solving a problem.
708
00:24:51,829 --> 00:24:52,470
Speaker:
Right.
709
00:24:54,349 --> 00:24:55,150
Speaker:
Exactly.
710
00:24:55,150 --> 00:24:58,150
Speaker:
Problem is, this guy stole my
meal.
711
00:24:58,150 --> 00:25:00,190
Speaker:
Solution is death.
712
00:25:00,190 --> 00:25:00,750
Speaker:
Right.
713
00:25:00,750 --> 00:25:01,670
Speaker:
Exactly.
714
00:25:01,670 --> 00:25:03,269
Speaker:
I love that they went to his
715
00:25:03,269 --> 00:25:04,630
Speaker:
house and they were just like,
716
00:25:04,630 --> 00:25:06,109
Speaker:
it's destroyed.
717
00:25:06,109 --> 00:25:09,269
Speaker:
Like the tiger crunched up his
bees and stuff too.
718
00:25:09,269 --> 00:25:11,710
Speaker:
He had been like reported
missing or something.
719
00:25:11,710 --> 00:25:14,430
Speaker:
So they were actually just going
there to, like, check on him.
720
00:25:14,430 --> 00:25:15,349
Speaker:
Yeah.
721
00:25:15,349 --> 00:25:15,950
Speaker:
He was missing.
722
00:25:15,950 --> 00:25:16,509
Speaker:
All right.
723
00:25:16,509 --> 00:25:17,470
Speaker:
Yeah.
724
00:25:17,470 --> 00:25:19,269
Speaker:
Now, stories about animals
725
00:25:19,269 --> 00:25:22,309
Speaker:
seeking revenge have existed for
726
00:25:22,309 --> 00:25:23,390
Speaker:
centuries.
727
00:25:23,390 --> 00:25:27,109
Speaker:
But the Markoff incident, which
is what it's now called.
728
00:25:27,109 --> 00:25:27,990
Speaker:
Right.
729
00:25:27,990 --> 00:25:30,109
Speaker:
Um, attracted a lot of attention
730
00:25:30,109 --> 00:25:31,509
Speaker:
because of the sequence of
731
00:25:31,509 --> 00:25:33,150
Speaker:
events.
732
00:25:33,150 --> 00:25:34,950
Speaker:
And the tiger had been injured,
733
00:25:34,950 --> 00:25:37,470
Speaker:
lost its kill, then followed a
734
00:25:37,470 --> 00:25:40,029
Speaker:
specific human trail, located a
735
00:25:40,029 --> 00:25:42,650
Speaker:
remote cabin, and appeared to
736
00:25:42,650 --> 00:25:44,480
Speaker:
lie in wait until that person
737
00:25:44,480 --> 00:25:45,119
Speaker:
returns.
738
00:25:45,119 --> 00:25:47,480
Speaker:
It definitely seems like
revenge.
739
00:25:47,480 --> 00:25:48,920
Speaker:
It does seem like revenge.
740
00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:53,039
Speaker:
this is the one instance that I
think we'd all agree.
741
00:25:53,039 --> 00:25:55,220
Speaker:
patience is not a virtue.
742
00:25:57,180 --> 00:25:57,819
Speaker:
Well.
743
00:25:59,819 --> 00:26:02,059
Speaker:
I know, I know.
744
00:26:02,059 --> 00:26:05,559
Speaker:
so that observation led us to
ponder a crazy question.
745
00:26:05,559 --> 00:26:07,759
Speaker:
Was the tiger taking revenge?
746
00:26:07,759 --> 00:26:08,440
Speaker:
Right?
747
00:26:08,440 --> 00:26:12,720
Speaker:
The answer depends on how it's
defined.
748
00:26:12,720 --> 00:26:17,880
Speaker:
the dictionary says for noun,
it's harm done to someone as a
749
00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:21,460
Speaker:
punishment for harm that they
have done to someone else, I
750
00:26:21,460 --> 00:26:26,869
Speaker:
don't know if I think the tiger
has the consciousness to think
751
00:26:26,869 --> 00:26:29,309
Speaker:
of something as a punishment.
752
00:26:30,349 --> 00:26:33,230
Speaker:
That's where I'm stuck on that
particular definition.
753
00:26:33,230 --> 00:26:33,750
Speaker:
Yeah.
754
00:26:33,750 --> 00:26:37,269
Speaker:
And then verb to harm someone as
a punishment for harm that
755
00:26:37,269 --> 00:26:38,549
Speaker:
they've done to you.
756
00:26:39,710 --> 00:26:41,950
Speaker:
Like, does a tiger have the
757
00:26:41,950 --> 00:26:45,789
Speaker:
conceptual knowledge to give
758
00:26:45,789 --> 00:26:47,390
Speaker:
someone a reward or a
759
00:26:47,390 --> 00:26:48,230
Speaker:
punishment?
760
00:26:48,230 --> 00:26:49,069
Speaker:
Right?
761
00:26:49,069 --> 00:26:50,630
Speaker:
That that's the question.
762
00:26:50,630 --> 00:26:51,750
Speaker:
I think it might have just been
763
00:26:51,750 --> 00:26:54,130
Speaker:
like, it feels like revenge,
764
00:26:54,130 --> 00:26:54,670
Speaker:
but.
765
00:26:54,670 --> 00:26:55,589
Speaker:
Right.
766
00:26:55,589 --> 00:26:57,910
Speaker:
I think more likely the tiger
767
00:26:57,910 --> 00:27:00,750
Speaker:
was like, this animal was my
768
00:27:00,750 --> 00:27:01,269
Speaker:
food.
769
00:27:01,269 --> 00:27:04,109
Speaker:
Now this other animal came along
and stole my food.
770
00:27:04,109 --> 00:27:05,950
Speaker:
So now I'm gonna go eat him.
771
00:27:05,950 --> 00:27:09,470
Speaker:
Yeah, because I still need food,
right?
772
00:27:09,470 --> 00:27:10,509
Speaker:
Not necessarily.
773
00:27:10,509 --> 00:27:15,269
Speaker:
Like I'm gonna punish this human
because they wronged me.
774
00:27:15,269 --> 00:27:17,710
Speaker:
Yeah, but I don't know.
775
00:27:17,710 --> 00:27:18,829
Speaker:
Maybe we don't know.
776
00:27:18,829 --> 00:27:21,890
Speaker:
Yeah, maybe because They leave,
like markings and scratch marks
777
00:27:21,890 --> 00:27:26,450
Speaker:
and stuff to communicate with
other tigers, and I'm sure that
778
00:27:26,450 --> 00:27:30,549
Speaker:
they have conflicts with other
tigers if they, like, encroach
779
00:27:30,549 --> 00:27:32,009
Speaker:
on their territory.
780
00:27:32,009 --> 00:27:34,049
Speaker:
So maybe it was more like that.
781
00:27:34,049 --> 00:27:38,210
Speaker:
Maybe it was like a territorial
right behavior, right?
782
00:27:38,210 --> 00:27:39,650
Speaker:
Yeah, exactly.
783
00:27:39,650 --> 00:27:44,730
Speaker:
So in humans, revenge generally
involves remembering a past
784
00:27:44,730 --> 00:27:49,549
Speaker:
event, recognizing the
individual responsible, delaying
785
00:27:49,549 --> 00:27:55,049
Speaker:
action, and intentionally
inflicting harm as retaliation.
786
00:27:56,450 --> 00:27:56,809
Speaker:
Yeah.
787
00:27:56,809 --> 00:28:00,450
Speaker:
But these are complex mental
processes involving memory
788
00:28:00,450 --> 00:28:02,890
Speaker:
planning and decision making.
789
00:28:02,890 --> 00:28:06,170
Speaker:
I mean, the Tiger definitely did
some of this, right?
790
00:28:06,170 --> 00:28:09,230
Speaker:
Recognized who was responsible,
791
00:28:09,230 --> 00:28:12,029
Speaker:
you know, waited it out,
792
00:28:12,029 --> 00:28:13,170
Speaker:
attacked.
793
00:28:13,170 --> 00:28:15,730
Speaker:
I just don't know about the
intention behind those things.
794
00:28:15,730 --> 00:28:16,259
Speaker:
Right.
795
00:28:16,259 --> 00:28:17,900
Speaker:
Exactly.
796
00:28:17,900 --> 00:28:23,099
Speaker:
Um, so the scientists generally
prefer evidence over vibes.
797
00:28:23,099 --> 00:28:25,779
Speaker:
So I love that.
798
00:28:25,779 --> 00:28:27,539
Speaker:
I need that on a shirt.
799
00:28:28,660 --> 00:28:31,619
Speaker:
Science evidence over vibes.
800
00:28:33,619 --> 00:28:34,259
Speaker:
That's so true.
801
00:28:34,259 --> 00:28:35,460
Speaker:
I didn't think about that.
802
00:28:35,460 --> 00:28:36,380
Speaker:
Oh, gosh.
803
00:28:36,380 --> 00:28:37,940
Speaker:
Scientists cannot directly
804
00:28:37,940 --> 00:28:39,579
Speaker:
determine whether an animal
805
00:28:39,579 --> 00:28:41,779
Speaker:
experiences those same
806
00:28:41,779 --> 00:28:43,420
Speaker:
motivations.
807
00:28:43,420 --> 00:28:46,960
Speaker:
They can just study observable
behavior while avoiding
808
00:28:46,960 --> 00:28:50,140
Speaker:
assumptions about the emotions.
809
00:28:50,140 --> 00:28:54,180
Speaker:
This caution is important
because humans naturally engage
810
00:28:54,180 --> 00:28:59,299
Speaker:
in anthropomorphism, which is
the tendency to attribute human
811
00:28:59,299 --> 00:29:01,940
Speaker:
thoughts and emotions to
animals, as we know.
812
00:29:01,940 --> 00:29:02,980
Speaker:
Your next.
813
00:29:02,980 --> 00:29:07,019
Speaker:
I'm a big, big time guilty
anthropomorphism.
814
00:29:07,019 --> 00:29:08,180
Speaker:
It's so hard not to, though.
815
00:29:08,180 --> 00:29:11,460
Speaker:
I'm always like about my cats,
especially.
816
00:29:11,460 --> 00:29:13,220
Speaker:
Yeah, I know my dogs do.
817
00:29:13,220 --> 00:29:15,140
Speaker:
Same, same.
818
00:29:15,140 --> 00:29:17,980
Speaker:
So your next lab is in this one.
819
00:29:17,980 --> 00:29:23,779
Speaker:
And I said a negative emotion
word ending in full.
820
00:29:23,779 --> 00:29:25,940
Speaker:
And you said regretful.
821
00:29:25,940 --> 00:29:27,819
Speaker:
It was hard for me to think of.
822
00:29:27,819 --> 00:29:32,579
Speaker:
And for some reason When you
said ending in full, my brain
823
00:29:32,579 --> 00:29:36,619
Speaker:
decided the only word in English
that ends in full is delightful.
824
00:29:36,619 --> 00:29:38,500
Speaker:
Oh, I was thinking wonderful.
825
00:29:38,500 --> 00:29:40,180
Speaker:
I don't know why, but my brain.
826
00:29:40,180 --> 00:29:42,859
Speaker:
I was like trying to think of
literally any other word.
827
00:29:42,859 --> 00:29:44,259
Speaker:
Damn it, that's not a negative.
828
00:29:44,259 --> 00:29:46,299
Speaker:
Yeah, I was like, that's
positive.
829
00:29:46,299 --> 00:29:48,579
Speaker:
So, um.
830
00:29:48,579 --> 00:29:49,140
Speaker:
Okay.
831
00:29:49,140 --> 00:29:52,519
Speaker:
Calling the mark of Tiger Blanc
832
00:29:52,519 --> 00:29:54,579
Speaker:
might feel and sound right, but
833
00:29:54,579 --> 00:29:56,759
Speaker:
it is also oversimplifying what
834
00:29:56,759 --> 00:29:57,779
Speaker:
actually happened.
835
00:29:57,779 --> 00:29:59,460
Speaker:
I'm gonna go with vengeful.
836
00:29:59,460 --> 00:30:00,099
Speaker:
Vengeful.
837
00:30:00,099 --> 00:30:00,500
Speaker:
Yeah.
838
00:30:00,500 --> 00:30:01,819
Speaker:
Yeah.
839
00:30:01,819 --> 00:30:03,740
Speaker:
What science usually say is that
840
00:30:03,740 --> 00:30:05,740
Speaker:
many animals possess
841
00:30:05,740 --> 00:30:07,500
Speaker:
sophisticated cognitive
842
00:30:07,500 --> 00:30:10,940
Speaker:
abilities once thought to be
843
00:30:10,940 --> 00:30:12,859
Speaker:
uniquely human.
844
00:30:12,859 --> 00:30:14,400
Speaker:
yeah, we're definitely finding
845
00:30:14,400 --> 00:30:16,019
Speaker:
way more out about animal
846
00:30:16,019 --> 00:30:16,700
Speaker:
intelligence.
847
00:30:16,700 --> 00:30:16,940
Speaker:
Yeah.
848
00:30:16,940 --> 00:30:19,180
Speaker:
I'm curious if you know the
answer to this one.
849
00:30:19,180 --> 00:30:20,980
Speaker:
I would think that you do.
850
00:30:22,700 --> 00:30:28,380
Speaker:
Um, the last lab libs, I gave
you a type of bird.
851
00:30:28,380 --> 00:30:28,980
Speaker:
Mhm.
852
00:30:28,980 --> 00:30:31,259
Speaker:
So research has shown that
853
00:30:31,259 --> 00:30:34,000
Speaker:
blinks can recognize individual
854
00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:37,099
Speaker:
human faces for years and teach
855
00:30:37,099 --> 00:30:39,279
Speaker:
those recognitions to other
856
00:30:39,279 --> 00:30:39,700
Speaker:
blinks.
857
00:30:39,700 --> 00:30:40,500
Speaker:
Crows, right.
858
00:30:40,500 --> 00:30:40,980
Speaker:
Yeah.
859
00:30:40,980 --> 00:30:41,339
Speaker:
Crows.
860
00:30:41,339 --> 00:30:41,700
Speaker:
Yeah.
861
00:30:41,700 --> 00:30:44,420
Speaker:
I, I learned about that, by the
way.
862
00:30:44,420 --> 00:30:45,339
Speaker:
I did say Vulture.
863
00:30:45,339 --> 00:30:46,140
Speaker:
That was wrong.
864
00:30:46,140 --> 00:30:46,859
Speaker:
Yeah.
865
00:30:46,859 --> 00:30:49,220
Speaker:
Um. The cigarette.
866
00:30:49,220 --> 00:30:49,619
Speaker:
Yeah.
867
00:30:49,619 --> 00:30:50,539
Speaker:
That's what I was gonna say.
868
00:30:50,539 --> 00:30:54,059
Speaker:
I remember doing a rabbit hole
on animals with jobs.
869
00:30:54,059 --> 00:30:54,420
Speaker:
Yep.
870
00:30:54,420 --> 00:30:56,059
Speaker:
And it was the crows that
871
00:30:56,059 --> 00:30:57,059
Speaker:
learned how to throw away the
872
00:30:57,059 --> 00:30:57,819
Speaker:
cigarettes, right?
873
00:30:57,819 --> 00:30:58,339
Speaker:
Yep.
874
00:30:58,339 --> 00:31:00,829
Speaker:
That's why I was like, oh, she's
gonna know this one.
875
00:31:00,829 --> 00:31:02,109
Speaker:
Yeah.
876
00:31:02,109 --> 00:31:05,769
Speaker:
elephants demonstrate remarkable
long term social memory.
877
00:31:05,769 --> 00:31:06,690
Speaker:
Mhm.
878
00:31:06,690 --> 00:31:08,750
Speaker:
They remember other elephants
879
00:31:08,750 --> 00:31:10,930
Speaker:
and certain locations across
880
00:31:10,930 --> 00:31:11,930
Speaker:
decades.
881
00:31:11,930 --> 00:31:16,029
Speaker:
There's a lot of birds with
pretty high intelligence, like
882
00:31:16,029 --> 00:31:17,609
Speaker:
parrots and pigeons.
883
00:31:17,609 --> 00:31:18,210
Speaker:
And.
884
00:31:18,210 --> 00:31:20,130
Speaker:
Yeah, that's crazy ravens.
885
00:31:20,130 --> 00:31:22,130
Speaker:
Also similar to crows.
886
00:31:22,130 --> 00:31:24,470
Speaker:
dolphins, great apes, wolves,
887
00:31:24,470 --> 00:31:26,309
Speaker:
and big cats all show evidence
888
00:31:26,309 --> 00:31:28,589
Speaker:
of problem solving, learning
889
00:31:28,589 --> 00:31:30,650
Speaker:
from experience, and modifying
890
00:31:30,650 --> 00:31:31,950
Speaker:
future behavior based on
891
00:31:31,950 --> 00:31:33,190
Speaker:
previous events.
892
00:31:33,190 --> 00:31:33,750
Speaker:
Mhm.
893
00:31:33,750 --> 00:31:38,109
Speaker:
We used to classify tool use as
a sign of intelligence, too.
894
00:31:38,109 --> 00:31:40,990
Speaker:
But so many animals use tools.
895
00:31:40,990 --> 00:31:41,390
Speaker:
Mhm.
896
00:31:41,390 --> 00:31:43,789
Speaker:
Or like use something as a tool.
897
00:31:43,789 --> 00:31:44,309
Speaker:
Right.
898
00:31:44,309 --> 00:31:49,069
Speaker:
And we started to think that is
just more prevalent and not
899
00:31:49,069 --> 00:31:54,990
Speaker:
necessarily a sign of like true
human like intelligence.
900
00:31:54,990 --> 00:31:55,430
Speaker:
Right.
901
00:31:55,430 --> 00:31:56,549
Speaker:
As we once thought.
902
00:31:56,549 --> 00:31:57,109
Speaker:
Yeah.
903
00:31:57,109 --> 00:32:02,490
Speaker:
emerg Tigers themselves rely
heavily on memory to survive.
904
00:32:02,490 --> 00:32:06,210
Speaker:
A tiger living alone across
hundreds of square miles has to
905
00:32:06,210 --> 00:32:12,650
Speaker:
remember the locations of prey
trails, water sources,
906
00:32:12,650 --> 00:32:17,730
Speaker:
territorial boundaries with
humans and rival tigers, and
907
00:32:17,730 --> 00:32:19,150
Speaker:
safe travel routes.
908
00:32:19,150 --> 00:32:21,230
Speaker:
Yeah, and where they've left
their food too, right?
909
00:32:21,230 --> 00:32:21,869
Speaker:
Yeah.
910
00:32:21,869 --> 00:32:22,430
Speaker:
Yeah.
911
00:32:22,430 --> 00:32:22,829
Speaker:
True.
912
00:32:22,829 --> 00:32:24,869
Speaker:
And if they forget these things,
913
00:32:24,869 --> 00:32:26,269
Speaker:
it could lower their hunting
914
00:32:26,269 --> 00:32:28,069
Speaker:
success and lead to dangerous
915
00:32:28,069 --> 00:32:29,309
Speaker:
confrontations.
916
00:32:29,309 --> 00:32:30,069
Speaker:
Mhm.
917
00:32:30,069 --> 00:32:32,250
Speaker:
Remembering the person who had
918
00:32:32,250 --> 00:32:34,309
Speaker:
wounded it would not be outside
919
00:32:34,309 --> 00:32:35,950
Speaker:
the tiger's normal cognitive
920
00:32:35,950 --> 00:32:37,069
Speaker:
abilities.
921
00:32:37,069 --> 00:32:37,549
Speaker:
Yeah.
922
00:32:37,549 --> 00:32:39,470
Speaker:
Many wildlife biologists
923
00:32:39,470 --> 00:32:40,829
Speaker:
attribute a different
924
00:32:40,829 --> 00:32:43,190
Speaker:
explanation for the Markov
925
00:32:43,190 --> 00:32:44,390
Speaker:
incident.
926
00:32:44,390 --> 00:32:46,789
Speaker:
Not like revenge in our human
sense.
927
00:32:46,789 --> 00:32:48,430
Speaker:
The tiger may simply have
928
00:32:48,430 --> 00:32:51,275
Speaker:
recognized Markov as an ongoing
929
00:32:51,275 --> 00:32:52,359
Speaker:
threat.
930
00:32:52,359 --> 00:32:55,119
Speaker:
Yeah, that's more what I was
thinking.
931
00:32:55,119 --> 00:32:56,240
Speaker:
It sounded like.
932
00:32:56,240 --> 00:32:56,599
Speaker:
Yeah.
933
00:32:56,599 --> 00:33:00,680
Speaker:
This is an injured predator that
had already lost a valuable food
934
00:33:00,680 --> 00:33:04,680
Speaker:
source who may have learned that
this particular person
935
00:33:04,680 --> 00:33:07,440
Speaker:
represented a danger to them.
936
00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:08,319
Speaker:
Yeah.
937
00:33:08,319 --> 00:33:12,319
Speaker:
So following the scent trail and
eliminating that threat may have
938
00:33:12,319 --> 00:33:16,440
Speaker:
just been an adaptive survival
strategy rather than a more
939
00:33:16,440 --> 00:33:18,720
Speaker:
emotional act of retaliation.
940
00:33:18,720 --> 00:33:21,000
Speaker:
This explanation doesn't require
941
00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:22,359
Speaker:
the assumption that the tiger
942
00:33:22,359 --> 00:33:24,240
Speaker:
felt hatred, anger, or desire
943
00:33:24,240 --> 00:33:25,240
Speaker:
for revenge.
944
00:33:25,240 --> 00:33:28,759
Speaker:
It relies on abilities
scientists already know that
945
00:33:28,759 --> 00:33:32,359
Speaker:
many intelligent animals have,
like memory, recognized
946
00:33:32,359 --> 00:33:35,700
Speaker:
individuals making decisions
based on past experience.
947
00:33:35,700 --> 00:33:36,180
Speaker:
Mhm.
948
00:33:36,180 --> 00:33:39,900
Speaker:
Um, but this, this event is
still pretty extraordinary.
949
00:33:39,900 --> 00:33:42,384
Speaker:
It's extraordinary that the
950
00:33:42,384 --> 00:33:43,950
Speaker:
recognizing the individual and
951
00:33:43,950 --> 00:33:45,109
Speaker:
following him and waiting for
952
00:33:45,109 --> 00:33:45,670
Speaker:
him.
953
00:33:45,670 --> 00:33:46,470
Speaker:
The waiting is.
954
00:33:46,470 --> 00:33:48,750
Speaker:
The waiting is crazy to me.
955
00:33:48,750 --> 00:33:51,789
Speaker:
The biggest part for me, because
it's not like it waited an hour.
956
00:33:51,789 --> 00:33:53,789
Speaker:
It waited like twelve hours or
something.
957
00:33:53,789 --> 00:33:56,509
Speaker:
You said twelve to forty eight.
958
00:33:56,509 --> 00:33:57,069
Speaker:
Oh, wow.
959
00:33:57,069 --> 00:33:57,670
Speaker:
Yeah.
960
00:33:57,670 --> 00:33:59,589
Speaker:
Like yeah.
961
00:33:59,589 --> 00:34:00,950
Speaker:
Following a scent trail.
962
00:34:00,950 --> 00:34:01,349
Speaker:
Yeah.
963
00:34:01,349 --> 00:34:02,549
Speaker:
That's normal.
964
00:34:02,549 --> 00:34:03,829
Speaker:
Like animals do that.
965
00:34:03,829 --> 00:34:04,150
Speaker:
Right?
966
00:34:04,150 --> 00:34:05,309
Speaker:
Right.
967
00:34:05,309 --> 00:34:10,190
Speaker:
But like following it to a
certain place and then not
968
00:34:10,190 --> 00:34:12,989
Speaker:
finding him there, not finding
him there, still waiting and
969
00:34:12,989 --> 00:34:16,949
Speaker:
then just waiting there, like
knowing this guy's probably
970
00:34:16,949 --> 00:34:18,590
Speaker:
going to come back to this.
971
00:34:18,590 --> 00:34:20,429
Speaker:
How would the tiger know?
972
00:34:20,429 --> 00:34:23,949
Speaker:
I guess like if the scent trail
973
00:34:23,949 --> 00:34:26,630
Speaker:
is strong enough or something, I
974
00:34:26,630 --> 00:34:27,349
Speaker:
don't know.
975
00:34:27,349 --> 00:34:27,550
Speaker:
Yeah.
976
00:34:27,550 --> 00:34:32,309
Speaker:
Or maybe it's good at
recognizing like where another
977
00:34:32,309 --> 00:34:35,550
Speaker:
tiger's home base is.
978
00:34:35,550 --> 00:34:37,389
Speaker:
And so it recognized this house
979
00:34:37,389 --> 00:34:39,469
Speaker:
as like the human's home base
980
00:34:39,469 --> 00:34:40,469
Speaker:
maybe.
981
00:34:40,469 --> 00:34:42,769
Speaker:
Because if it's respecting
other.
982
00:34:42,769 --> 00:34:45,250
Speaker:
Okay, respect is also
anthropomorphizing.
983
00:34:45,250 --> 00:34:49,449
Speaker:
But if it's staying away from
rival Tigers home base and
984
00:34:49,449 --> 00:34:53,889
Speaker:
territory, it may have had that
one marked already as like this
985
00:34:53,889 --> 00:34:56,690
Speaker:
human's territory is a territory
that's not mine.
986
00:34:56,690 --> 00:34:57,369
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah.
987
00:34:57,369 --> 00:34:59,610
Speaker:
Or or it just like once it got
988
00:34:59,610 --> 00:35:02,610
Speaker:
there, it could recognize the
989
00:35:02,610 --> 00:35:04,469
Speaker:
pattern, the similar pattern of
990
00:35:04,469 --> 00:35:05,730
Speaker:
like, what?
991
00:35:05,730 --> 00:35:08,369
Speaker:
A home base of another predator.
992
00:35:08,369 --> 00:35:08,809
Speaker:
Yeah.
993
00:35:08,809 --> 00:35:11,329
Speaker:
Looks like feels and smells.
994
00:35:11,329 --> 00:35:12,289
Speaker:
Yeah, exactly.
995
00:35:12,289 --> 00:35:13,889
Speaker:
Yeah, exactly.
996
00:35:13,889 --> 00:35:17,650
Speaker:
But it's still crazy that he
waited, um, like, and, and
997
00:35:17,650 --> 00:35:21,530
Speaker:
didn't get like, you know, bored
and distracted and like, okay,
998
00:35:21,530 --> 00:35:22,250
Speaker:
this isn't worth it.
999
00:35:22,250 --> 00:35:23,690
Speaker:
I'm gonna go find food now.
1000
00:35:23,690 --> 00:35:25,090
Speaker:
He was destroying everything.
1001
00:35:25,090 --> 00:35:25,329
Speaker:
Yeah.
1002
00:35:25,329 --> 00:35:26,449
Speaker:
He was destroying everything.
1003
00:35:26,449 --> 00:35:31,530
Speaker:
researchers who have spent
decades studying Amur tigers
1004
00:35:31,530 --> 00:35:36,650
Speaker:
emphasize that attacks like this
are exceptionally rare.
1005
00:35:36,650 --> 00:35:37,050
Speaker:
Yeah.
1006
00:35:37,050 --> 00:35:40,980
Speaker:
Most tigers actively avoid
people, and most attacks occur
1007
00:35:40,980 --> 00:35:44,260
Speaker:
because an animal is injured,
surprised, cornered, or unable
1008
00:35:44,260 --> 00:35:46,099
Speaker:
to hunt its natural prey.
1009
00:35:46,099 --> 00:35:48,340
Speaker:
Yeah, and you know why?
1010
00:35:48,340 --> 00:35:50,579
Speaker:
This is probably pretty rare
situation?
1011
00:35:50,579 --> 00:35:52,800
Speaker:
Because most humans don't
1012
00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:54,219
Speaker:
interrupt a tiger's meal and
1013
00:35:54,219 --> 00:35:55,659
Speaker:
shoot him and drag away the
1014
00:35:55,659 --> 00:35:56,139
Speaker:
food.
1015
00:35:56,139 --> 00:35:56,619
Speaker:
That's true.
1016
00:35:56,619 --> 00:35:59,500
Speaker:
Like that is also exceptionally
rare.
1017
00:35:59,500 --> 00:35:59,980
Speaker:
Yeah.
1018
00:35:59,980 --> 00:36:02,980
Speaker:
Yeah, that's pretty unique for
Markov here.
1019
00:36:02,980 --> 00:36:04,699
Speaker:
The sequence of events in the
1020
00:36:04,699 --> 00:36:06,579
Speaker:
Markov case does not fit very
1021
00:36:06,579 --> 00:36:08,179
Speaker:
neatly into those categories,
1022
00:36:08,179 --> 00:36:09,900
Speaker:
which is why it continues to be
1023
00:36:09,900 --> 00:36:12,199
Speaker:
discussed more than twenty five
1024
00:36:12,199 --> 00:36:13,219
Speaker:
years later.
1025
00:36:13,219 --> 00:36:13,900
Speaker:
Yeah.
1026
00:36:13,900 --> 00:36:17,179
Speaker:
The story also highlights the
difficult relationship between
1027
00:36:17,179 --> 00:36:19,500
Speaker:
humans and large predators.
1028
00:36:19,500 --> 00:36:23,619
Speaker:
During the twentieth century,
Amur tigers were pushed to the
1029
00:36:23,619 --> 00:36:27,460
Speaker:
edge of extinction through
habitat loss and poaching.
1030
00:36:27,460 --> 00:36:29,760
Speaker:
By the nineteen forties, only a
1031
00:36:29,760 --> 00:36:31,909
Speaker:
few dozen were still left in the
1032
00:36:31,909 --> 00:36:32,670
Speaker:
wild.
1033
00:36:32,670 --> 00:36:33,070
Speaker:
Wow.
1034
00:36:33,070 --> 00:36:34,550
Speaker:
Thanks to decades of
1035
00:36:34,550 --> 00:36:36,909
Speaker:
conservation efforts by Russia,
1036
00:36:36,909 --> 00:36:38,949
Speaker:
China, and international
1037
00:36:38,949 --> 00:36:41,070
Speaker:
organizations, the population
1038
00:36:41,070 --> 00:36:43,530
Speaker:
has recovered to several hundred
1039
00:36:43,530 --> 00:36:44,590
Speaker:
individuals.
1040
00:36:44,590 --> 00:36:45,230
Speaker:
Okay.
1041
00:36:45,230 --> 00:36:48,530
Speaker:
Something, Even today, however,
conflicts with humans remain one
1042
00:36:48,530 --> 00:36:52,250
Speaker:
of the greatest challenges that
this species faces.
1043
00:36:52,250 --> 00:36:55,110
Speaker:
a lot of most species are
facing.
1044
00:36:55,110 --> 00:36:56,150
Speaker:
Yeah.
1045
00:36:56,150 --> 00:37:00,929
Speaker:
the Markov incident shows a
lesson about intelligence.
1046
00:37:00,929 --> 00:37:04,289
Speaker:
The tiger showed patience,
memory, and ability to respond
1047
00:37:04,289 --> 00:37:06,610
Speaker:
to previous experiences.
1048
00:37:06,610 --> 00:37:10,449
Speaker:
Whether these actions should be
labeled revenge is a question we
1049
00:37:10,449 --> 00:37:12,329
Speaker:
really can't answer.
1050
00:37:12,329 --> 00:37:13,329
Speaker:
Mhm.
1051
00:37:13,329 --> 00:37:16,010
Speaker:
What do you think the evidence
tells us?
1052
00:37:16,010 --> 00:37:19,849
Speaker:
What the tiger did does not tell
us what the tiger was thinking.
1053
00:37:19,849 --> 00:37:21,650
Speaker:
So for now, the Vladimir Markov
1054
00:37:21,650 --> 00:37:24,039
Speaker:
case remains one of wildlife
1055
00:37:24,039 --> 00:37:25,590
Speaker:
biology's most intriguing
1056
00:37:25,590 --> 00:37:26,710
Speaker:
mysteries.
1057
00:37:26,710 --> 00:37:27,110
Speaker:
Yeah.
1058
00:37:27,110 --> 00:37:28,710
Speaker:
what do I think?
1059
00:37:28,710 --> 00:37:32,150
Speaker:
I think that, like, do you think
it was an emotional response?
1060
00:37:32,150 --> 00:37:33,750
Speaker:
I don't, I don't know.
1061
00:37:33,750 --> 00:37:37,710
Speaker:
Maybe a little bit like I think
maybe there was a little bit of
1062
00:37:37,710 --> 00:37:42,929
Speaker:
emotion, I think maybe a little
bit, but also just like the
1063
00:37:42,929 --> 00:37:45,510
Speaker:
animalistic part of like, this
is a threat.
1064
00:37:45,510 --> 00:37:47,510
Speaker:
This threat stole my food.
1065
00:37:47,510 --> 00:37:50,469
Speaker:
This threat could steal more of
my food.
1066
00:37:50,469 --> 00:37:52,590
Speaker:
This threat tried to injure me.
1067
00:37:52,590 --> 00:37:53,469
Speaker:
You know what I mean?
1068
00:37:53,469 --> 00:37:58,389
Speaker:
Like, there's so many, like,
things that this dude did wrong.
1069
00:37:58,389 --> 00:37:59,429
Speaker:
Yeah.
1070
00:37:59,429 --> 00:38:00,150
Speaker:
For real.
1071
00:38:00,150 --> 00:38:01,190
Speaker:
Oh my God.
1072
00:38:01,190 --> 00:38:04,769
Speaker:
okay, so I have something fun.
1073
00:38:04,769 --> 00:38:05,449
Speaker:
Okay.
1074
00:38:07,409 --> 00:38:14,949
Speaker:
Most of this, information that
you get on this case is actually
1075
00:38:14,949 --> 00:38:19,340
Speaker:
from like one book, like this
guy wrote one book on it.
1076
00:38:19,340 --> 00:38:24,780
Speaker:
So it's called The Tiger A True
Story of Vengeance and Survival
1077
00:38:24,780 --> 00:38:26,579
Speaker:
by John Vaillant.
1078
00:38:26,579 --> 00:38:30,780
Speaker:
I found obviously a lot more
sources, but that one was like
1079
00:38:30,780 --> 00:38:34,019
Speaker:
the most dense is actually
sparing information on the
1080
00:38:34,019 --> 00:38:35,619
Speaker:
internet about this case.
1081
00:38:35,619 --> 00:38:42,420
Speaker:
For shits and giggles, I went to
Amazon to see what people think
1082
00:38:42,420 --> 00:38:43,420
Speaker:
about this book.
1083
00:38:43,420 --> 00:38:43,860
Speaker:
Right?
1084
00:38:43,860 --> 00:38:44,460
Speaker:
Okay.
1085
00:38:44,460 --> 00:38:49,099
Speaker:
Because in a lot of the stuff I
read, it was like, he made it
1086
00:38:49,099 --> 00:38:53,199
Speaker:
to, emotional and vengeful and
all that, right.
1087
00:38:53,199 --> 00:38:58,179
Speaker:
Well, most of the people, the
reviews actually said, it was a
1088
00:38:58,179 --> 00:39:04,849
Speaker:
good book, but there was so much
like history of Russia and all
1089
00:39:04,849 --> 00:39:08,469
Speaker:
the stuff that they didn't like,
and he just meandered.
1090
00:39:08,469 --> 00:39:10,230
Speaker:
And we're just here for the
Tigers.
1091
00:39:10,230 --> 00:39:12,190
Speaker:
We just want to hear about the
tiger man.
1092
00:39:12,190 --> 00:39:14,190
Speaker:
Why are you talking about
history, man?
1093
00:39:17,309 --> 00:39:20,070
Speaker:
But for fun, I would like to
1094
00:39:20,070 --> 00:39:22,909
Speaker:
read you a few a few of their
1095
00:39:22,909 --> 00:39:24,389
Speaker:
reviews.
1096
00:39:24,389 --> 00:39:25,070
Speaker:
Okay.
1097
00:39:25,070 --> 00:39:28,230
Speaker:
So. All right, lay it on me.
1098
00:39:28,230 --> 00:39:30,650
Speaker:
one star is the title.
1099
00:39:32,090 --> 00:39:34,769
Speaker:
It was slow and difficult to
follow.
1100
00:39:34,769 --> 00:39:36,369
Speaker:
There were multiple tangents
1101
00:39:36,369 --> 00:39:37,829
Speaker:
that were distracting from the
1102
00:39:37,829 --> 00:39:38,750
Speaker:
main storyline.
1103
00:39:38,750 --> 00:39:40,349
Speaker:
They wouldn't like our podcast?
1104
00:39:40,349 --> 00:39:41,030
Speaker:
Nope.
1105
00:39:42,829 --> 00:39:46,230
Speaker:
If they don't like tangents,
this one's a good one.
1106
00:39:46,230 --> 00:39:48,389
Speaker:
Paul is going to give us some
real insight.
1107
00:39:48,389 --> 00:39:49,349
Speaker:
All right, let's hear it.
1108
00:39:49,349 --> 00:39:49,750
Speaker:
Paul.
1109
00:39:49,750 --> 00:39:51,030
Speaker:
He gave it a one star.
1110
00:39:51,030 --> 00:39:51,630
Speaker:
All right.
1111
00:39:51,630 --> 00:39:53,070
Speaker:
His title is.
1112
00:39:53,070 --> 00:39:54,670
Speaker:
I have not read the book.
1113
00:39:54,670 --> 00:39:55,349
Speaker:
Oh, okay.
1114
00:39:55,349 --> 00:39:56,070
Speaker:
Okay.
1115
00:39:56,070 --> 00:39:56,949
Speaker:
Yeah.
1116
00:39:56,949 --> 00:39:59,630
Speaker:
I have perused it though, and
1117
00:39:59,630 --> 00:40:01,909
Speaker:
will probably end up a five star
1118
00:40:01,909 --> 00:40:02,469
Speaker:
reading.
1119
00:40:02,469 --> 00:40:04,789
Speaker:
So what?
1120
00:40:04,789 --> 00:40:06,110
Speaker:
Oh my God.
1121
00:40:06,110 --> 00:40:08,070
Speaker:
Thanks, Paul.
1122
00:40:08,070 --> 00:40:09,230
Speaker:
That was helpful.
1123
00:40:09,230 --> 00:40:10,949
Speaker:
David says one star.
1124
00:40:10,949 --> 00:40:12,030
Speaker:
Terrible book.
1125
00:40:12,030 --> 00:40:13,349
Speaker:
Do yourself a favor and do
1126
00:40:13,349 --> 00:40:15,010
Speaker:
something else besides read
1127
00:40:15,010 --> 00:40:16,630
Speaker:
reading this.
1128
00:40:16,630 --> 00:40:18,230
Speaker:
All right, I, I will.
1129
00:40:18,230 --> 00:40:19,550
Speaker:
Because I probably won't read
it.
1130
00:40:19,550 --> 00:40:23,420
Speaker:
this one's one star Title
tedious.
1131
00:40:23,420 --> 00:40:24,300
Speaker:
Okay.
1132
00:40:24,300 --> 00:40:28,139
Speaker:
Only three hundred and thirty
something pages, but it read
1133
00:40:28,139 --> 00:40:32,139
Speaker:
like, twice that many by the
time I got to part two.
1134
00:40:32,139 --> 00:40:36,619
Speaker:
I no longer cared what happened
to any of the Tiger's victims.
1135
00:40:36,619 --> 00:40:39,980
Speaker:
As for the tiger, I'm sure he
died of old age.
1136
00:40:39,980 --> 00:40:42,300
Speaker:
Nope, he did not.
1137
00:40:42,300 --> 00:40:43,300
Speaker:
Kept breeding dogs.
1138
00:40:43,300 --> 00:40:46,300
Speaker:
There were multiple victims of
this tiger.
1139
00:40:46,300 --> 00:40:47,099
Speaker:
Yes.
1140
00:40:47,099 --> 00:40:50,960
Speaker:
And I really couldn't find a lot
of information on the second
1141
00:40:50,960 --> 00:40:56,139
Speaker:
one, so I would kind of try to
not mention it too much.
1142
00:40:56,139 --> 00:40:57,579
Speaker:
But that makes more sense to me
1143
00:40:57,579 --> 00:40:59,619
Speaker:
about why they decided to kill
1144
00:40:59,619 --> 00:41:00,659
Speaker:
the tiger.
1145
00:41:00,659 --> 00:41:00,940
Speaker:
Yeah.
1146
00:41:00,940 --> 00:41:01,460
Speaker:
Yeah.
1147
00:41:01,460 --> 00:41:01,980
Speaker:
Mhm.
1148
00:41:01,980 --> 00:41:03,059
Speaker:
I have two more.
1149
00:41:03,059 --> 00:41:04,139
Speaker:
All right, let's hear them.
1150
00:41:04,139 --> 00:41:06,860
Speaker:
And the last one is my absolute
favorite.
1151
00:41:06,860 --> 00:41:07,260
Speaker:
Oh, gosh.
1152
00:41:07,260 --> 00:41:07,860
Speaker:
I'm excited.
1153
00:41:07,860 --> 00:41:11,409
Speaker:
this one is Melinda, and she
gives it two stars.
1154
00:41:11,409 --> 00:41:12,090
Speaker:
Oh, nice.
1155
00:41:12,090 --> 00:41:12,690
Speaker:
All right.
1156
00:41:12,690 --> 00:41:15,769
Speaker:
But her title is Where's the
Tiger?
1157
00:41:15,769 --> 00:41:18,250
Speaker:
you tell me if this is the right
word or not.
1158
00:41:18,250 --> 00:41:21,849
Speaker:
But, um, we learn in extricating
1159
00:41:21,849 --> 00:41:24,570
Speaker:
detail about just about everyone
1160
00:41:24,570 --> 00:41:26,969
Speaker:
living in eastern Russia except
1161
00:41:26,969 --> 00:41:28,849
Speaker:
for the title character, the
1162
00:41:28,849 --> 00:41:29,889
Speaker:
tiger.
1163
00:41:29,889 --> 00:41:31,969
Speaker:
Exclamation point.
1164
00:41:31,969 --> 00:41:36,530
Speaker:
I know tigers are masters of
camouflage, but come on.
1165
00:41:36,530 --> 00:41:38,250
Speaker:
Oh, it's camouflaged in the
book.
1166
00:41:40,809 --> 00:41:45,369
Speaker:
We learn in extricating detail.
1167
00:41:45,369 --> 00:41:45,969
Speaker:
That's not right.
1168
00:41:45,969 --> 00:41:46,730
Speaker:
Not the right word.
1169
00:41:46,730 --> 00:41:46,969
Speaker:
Right.
1170
00:41:46,969 --> 00:41:47,849
Speaker:
Excruciating, right?
1171
00:41:47,849 --> 00:41:48,449
Speaker:
That's right.
1172
00:41:48,449 --> 00:41:49,010
Speaker:
Yeah.
1173
00:41:49,010 --> 00:41:50,369
Speaker:
Okay, so she's saying they
1174
00:41:50,369 --> 00:41:51,409
Speaker:
didn't even talk about the tiger
1175
00:41:51,409 --> 00:41:51,889
Speaker:
at all.
1176
00:41:51,889 --> 00:41:52,849
Speaker:
Where's the tiger?
1177
00:41:52,849 --> 00:41:54,130
Speaker:
Where's the tiger?
1178
00:41:55,889 --> 00:41:58,250
Speaker:
Yeah, he probably died of old
age.
1179
00:41:58,250 --> 00:42:01,670
Speaker:
I feel like she also didn't read
the book properly.
1180
00:42:01,670 --> 00:42:02,869
Speaker:
This is my favorite one.
1181
00:42:02,869 --> 00:42:03,389
Speaker:
Okay.
1182
00:42:03,389 --> 00:42:04,710
Speaker:
All righty.
1183
00:42:04,710 --> 00:42:07,309
Speaker:
This is by Earl, and I'll give
you his last name.
1184
00:42:07,309 --> 00:42:09,230
Speaker:
Hey, it's out there, Earl Scott.
1185
00:42:09,230 --> 00:42:09,989
Speaker:
Okay.
1186
00:42:09,989 --> 00:42:11,150
Speaker:
Hello.
1187
00:42:11,150 --> 00:42:13,949
Speaker:
Sounds like the grumpy old white
man.
1188
00:42:13,949 --> 00:42:15,789
Speaker:
he gave it two stars.
1189
00:42:15,789 --> 00:42:18,909
Speaker:
Nice title.
1190
00:42:18,909 --> 00:42:22,750
Speaker:
Interesting, but written by a
commie enviro wacko.
1191
00:42:26,550 --> 00:42:27,429
Speaker:
Oh, God.
1192
00:42:27,429 --> 00:42:28,949
Speaker:
I love you, Earl.
1193
00:42:32,269 --> 00:42:33,269
Speaker:
I'm sorry.
1194
00:42:34,309 --> 00:42:36,590
Speaker:
The basic story was interesting,
1195
00:42:36,590 --> 00:42:39,110
Speaker:
but his pining for the good old
1196
00:42:39,110 --> 00:42:41,070
Speaker:
days of communism and his
1197
00:42:41,070 --> 00:42:44,289
Speaker:
nonsensical environmental wacko
1198
00:42:44,289 --> 00:42:46,389
Speaker:
musings were too stupid to take
1199
00:42:46,389 --> 00:42:47,590
Speaker:
seriously.
1200
00:42:47,590 --> 00:42:50,909
Speaker:
What a way to ruin a good story.
1201
00:42:50,909 --> 00:42:52,590
Speaker:
Okay.
1202
00:42:52,590 --> 00:42:53,190
Speaker:
Well.
1203
00:42:54,710 --> 00:42:55,590
Speaker:
Thanks, Earl.
1204
00:42:55,590 --> 00:42:56,829
Speaker:
Thanks, Earl.
1205
00:42:56,829 --> 00:42:58,360
Speaker:
At least Earl read the book.
1206
00:42:58,360 --> 00:42:59,639
Speaker:
At least Earl read the book.
1207
00:42:59,639 --> 00:43:01,119
Speaker:
Yeah, it seems like it.
1208
00:43:01,119 --> 00:43:02,760
Speaker:
Yeah.
1209
00:43:02,760 --> 00:43:05,679
Speaker:
I love commie, enviro, wacko.
1210
00:43:05,679 --> 00:43:06,920
Speaker:
Yeah, I love that.
1211
00:43:06,920 --> 00:43:07,239
Speaker:
Yeah.
1212
00:43:07,239 --> 00:43:11,199
Speaker:
I love finding little tidbits
like this in my research, too.
1213
00:43:11,199 --> 00:43:13,900
Speaker:
Like I've found, little Facebook
1214
00:43:13,900 --> 00:43:15,500
Speaker:
posts about something relevant
1215
00:43:15,500 --> 00:43:16,340
Speaker:
or.
1216
00:43:16,340 --> 00:43:17,500
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah.
1217
00:43:17,500 --> 00:43:19,219
Speaker:
Or, God forbid you see a read.
1218
00:43:19,219 --> 00:43:23,139
Speaker:
When I did that Parkinson's
episode, I found like people on
1219
00:43:23,139 --> 00:43:27,099
Speaker:
Facebook trying to say that they
could also smell Parkinson's and
1220
00:43:27,099 --> 00:43:27,739
Speaker:
stuff like that.
1221
00:43:27,739 --> 00:43:28,300
Speaker:
Yeah.
1222
00:43:29,659 --> 00:43:29,980
Speaker:
Yeah.
1223
00:43:29,980 --> 00:43:31,900
Speaker:
I don't think I'm ever gonna
forget.
1224
00:43:31,900 --> 00:43:33,019
Speaker:
Ccommie enviro.
1225
00:43:33,019 --> 00:43:33,900
Speaker:
Wacko.
1226
00:43:33,900 --> 00:43:34,420
Speaker:
That's good.
1227
00:43:34,420 --> 00:43:35,460
Speaker:
That's pretty good.
1228
00:43:35,460 --> 00:43:36,460
Speaker:
That's pretty great.
1229
00:43:36,460 --> 00:43:37,860
Speaker:
Put that on a t shirt, too.
1230
00:43:37,860 --> 00:43:41,420
Speaker:
Yeah, I would wear that shirt.
1231
00:43:41,420 --> 00:43:43,699
Speaker:
Call me and I could.
1232
00:43:43,699 --> 00:43:44,619
Speaker:
I'll take that label.
1233
00:43:44,619 --> 00:43:44,860
Speaker:
Yeah.
1234
00:43:44,860 --> 00:43:45,420
Speaker:
You want that?
1235
00:43:45,420 --> 00:43:47,019
Speaker:
Yeah, I'll take that label.
1236
00:43:47,019 --> 00:43:48,420
Speaker:
That pretty much describes us.
1237
00:43:48,420 --> 00:43:50,139
Speaker:
Oh, gosh.
1238
00:43:52,019 --> 00:43:53,460
Speaker:
I took you down.
1239
00:43:53,460 --> 00:43:56,599
Speaker:
a revengeful adventure.
1240
00:43:56,599 --> 00:43:57,199
Speaker:
Okay.
1241
00:43:57,199 --> 00:43:59,960
Speaker:
You take me down your rabbit
hole.
1242
00:43:59,960 --> 00:44:02,960
Speaker:
I think that my rabbit hole
actually goes pretty well with
1243
00:44:02,960 --> 00:44:04,480
Speaker:
your topic for once.
1244
00:44:04,480 --> 00:44:05,119
Speaker:
Really?
1245
00:44:05,119 --> 00:44:08,210
Speaker:
It's not like, wildly on the
other side of the universe.
1246
00:44:08,210 --> 00:44:09,369
Speaker:
Okay, cool.
1247
00:44:09,369 --> 00:44:10,809
Speaker:
I like it.
1248
00:44:10,809 --> 00:44:14,650
Speaker:
So, it's not so much as a rabbit
hole so much as I read this
1249
00:44:14,650 --> 00:44:16,650
Speaker:
really interesting Substack.
1250
00:44:16,650 --> 00:44:17,409
Speaker:
You know what that is?
1251
00:44:17,409 --> 00:44:18,010
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah.
1252
00:44:18,010 --> 00:44:18,489
Speaker:
Mhm.
1253
00:44:18,489 --> 00:44:23,469
Speaker:
and I just thought it was so
weird that some people from the
1254
00:44:23,469 --> 00:44:25,969
Speaker:
past are, like, super famous,
and then now we don't know who
1255
00:44:25,969 --> 00:44:27,789
Speaker:
the fuck they are at all.
1256
00:44:27,789 --> 00:44:28,389
Speaker:
Yeah.
1257
00:44:28,389 --> 00:44:29,750
Speaker:
And this guy is an example.
1258
00:44:29,750 --> 00:44:30,510
Speaker:
Okay.
1259
00:44:30,510 --> 00:44:32,349
Speaker:
Alexander von Humboldt.
1260
00:44:32,349 --> 00:44:33,309
Speaker:
Have you ever heard of him?
1261
00:44:33,309 --> 00:44:35,750
Speaker:
No, I have never heard of him
either.
1262
00:44:35,750 --> 00:44:38,030
Speaker:
He invented ecology, basically.
1263
00:44:38,030 --> 00:44:38,389
Speaker:
Really?
1264
00:44:38,389 --> 00:44:39,670
Speaker:
And he was the most famous
1265
00:44:39,670 --> 00:44:41,349
Speaker:
person other than Napoleon
1266
00:44:41,349 --> 00:44:42,650
Speaker:
during the late eighteen
1267
00:44:42,650 --> 00:44:43,750
Speaker:
hundreds.
1268
00:44:43,750 --> 00:44:45,789
Speaker:
He was the most famous person in
the world.
1269
00:44:45,789 --> 00:44:46,670
Speaker:
Really?
1270
00:44:46,670 --> 00:44:47,949
Speaker:
Yeah.
1271
00:44:47,949 --> 00:44:50,190
Speaker:
And now we've, like, never heard
of him at all.
1272
00:44:50,190 --> 00:44:53,150
Speaker:
Van Holt, van Humboldt.
1273
00:44:53,150 --> 00:44:55,590
Speaker:
Alexander von Humboldt.
1274
00:44:55,590 --> 00:44:56,989
Speaker:
Okay.
1275
00:44:56,989 --> 00:44:59,429
Speaker:
No, I've never heard of him at
all.
1276
00:44:59,429 --> 00:45:03,250
Speaker:
But yeah, this person that wrote
the Substack.
1277
00:45:03,250 --> 00:45:03,650
Speaker:
Let's see.
1278
00:45:03,650 --> 00:45:04,650
Speaker:
I'll give them credit.
1279
00:45:04,650 --> 00:45:05,650
Speaker:
Sam matey.
1280
00:45:05,650 --> 00:45:06,409
Speaker:
Cost.
1281
00:45:06,409 --> 00:45:06,849
Speaker:
Okay.
1282
00:45:06,849 --> 00:45:07,849
Speaker:
Thanks, Sam.
1283
00:45:07,849 --> 00:45:08,329
Speaker:
Mhm.
1284
00:45:08,329 --> 00:45:10,469
Speaker:
he said it's like crazy that we
1285
00:45:10,469 --> 00:45:12,130
Speaker:
even have to educate ourselves
1286
00:45:12,130 --> 00:45:13,670
Speaker:
that, like, somebody needs to
1287
00:45:13,670 --> 00:45:15,230
Speaker:
educate themselves on Alexander
1288
00:45:15,230 --> 00:45:17,190
Speaker:
von Humboldt, because two
1289
00:45:17,190 --> 00:45:19,909
Speaker:
hundred years ago, any educated
1290
00:45:19,909 --> 00:45:21,630
Speaker:
person would, like, think that's
1291
00:45:21,630 --> 00:45:22,829
Speaker:
crazy, right?
1292
00:45:22,829 --> 00:45:24,710
Speaker:
Because they would know exactly
who he is.
1293
00:45:24,710 --> 00:45:26,429
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
1294
00:45:26,429 --> 00:45:32,630
Speaker:
he was an inspiration to Charles
Darwin, even like Darwin.
1295
00:45:32,630 --> 00:45:35,550
Speaker:
read Humboldt's book so many
1296
00:45:35,550 --> 00:45:37,030
Speaker:
times that he said he had it
1297
00:45:37,030 --> 00:45:40,070
Speaker:
memorized parts of it, and he
1298
00:45:40,070 --> 00:45:41,809
Speaker:
brought it with him on his
1299
00:45:41,809 --> 00:45:43,989
Speaker:
Galapagos tour.
1300
00:45:43,989 --> 00:45:44,510
Speaker:
Oh, wow.
1301
00:45:44,510 --> 00:45:49,769
Speaker:
And that some of the first
pieces written of Darwin's
1302
00:45:49,769 --> 00:45:55,719
Speaker:
theory of evolution are written
in the like margins of Alexander
1303
00:45:55,719 --> 00:45:57,320
Speaker:
von Humboldt's book.
1304
00:45:57,320 --> 00:45:57,800
Speaker:
Wow.
1305
00:45:57,800 --> 00:46:00,840
Speaker:
Well, do you think that that's
why he's kind of lost, though?
1306
00:46:00,840 --> 00:46:04,039
Speaker:
Because of how big Darwin
became?
1307
00:46:04,039 --> 00:46:07,800
Speaker:
Maybe, I don't know, but let me
tell you about him.
1308
00:46:07,800 --> 00:46:13,000
Speaker:
Okay, so he's got the most
number of things named after him
1309
00:46:13,000 --> 00:46:14,159
Speaker:
out of anyone in history.
1310
00:46:14,159 --> 00:46:15,079
Speaker:
Are you serious?
1311
00:46:15,079 --> 00:46:15,440
Speaker:
Yeah.
1312
00:46:15,440 --> 00:46:17,639
Speaker:
Here's some partial lists.
1313
00:46:17,639 --> 00:46:19,920
Speaker:
I'm not even going to read all
of their partial lists, but.
1314
00:46:19,920 --> 00:46:20,639
Speaker:
Okay.
1315
00:46:20,639 --> 00:46:24,280
Speaker:
The Humboldt squid, the Humboldt
penguin, the Humboldt's hog
1316
00:46:24,280 --> 00:46:28,079
Speaker:
nosed skunk, Humboldt sapphire,
hummingbird, a bunch of other
1317
00:46:28,079 --> 00:46:32,360
Speaker:
animals, a glacier, a county in
California, a park in Chicago,
1318
00:46:32,360 --> 00:46:34,920
Speaker:
National parks, forests,
monuments in Cuba.
1319
00:46:34,920 --> 00:46:35,599
Speaker:
Holy crap.
1320
00:46:35,599 --> 00:46:38,159
Speaker:
Peru, the United States, three
1321
00:46:38,159 --> 00:46:39,800
Speaker:
different Humboldt Mountain
1322
00:46:39,800 --> 00:46:40,519
Speaker:
ranges.
1323
00:46:40,519 --> 00:46:41,599
Speaker:
Oh my God.
1324
00:46:41,599 --> 00:46:46,679
Speaker:
Nevada was almost named
Humboldt.
1325
00:46:46,679 --> 00:46:49,679
Speaker:
No freaking way.
1326
00:46:49,679 --> 00:46:50,719
Speaker:
Isn't that crazy?
1327
00:46:50,719 --> 00:46:51,480
Speaker:
Yeah.
1328
00:46:51,480 --> 00:46:52,840
Speaker:
How do I not know this name?
1329
00:46:52,840 --> 00:46:53,889
Speaker:
I don't know.
1330
00:46:53,889 --> 00:46:55,849
Speaker:
I was like, floored by that.
1331
00:46:55,849 --> 00:46:56,889
Speaker:
Okay.
1332
00:46:56,889 --> 00:47:02,570
Speaker:
so he was born in seventeen
sixty nine and in eighteen sixty
1333
00:47:02,570 --> 00:47:06,010
Speaker:
nine, the one hundredth
anniversary of his birth.
1334
00:47:06,010 --> 00:47:06,929
Speaker:
Okay.
1335
00:47:06,929 --> 00:47:09,730
Speaker:
There were cities worldwide
1336
00:47:09,730 --> 00:47:10,969
Speaker:
holding Humboldt themed
1337
00:47:10,969 --> 00:47:12,489
Speaker:
celebrations.
1338
00:47:12,489 --> 00:47:16,090
Speaker:
Thousands of people in the US.
1339
00:47:16,090 --> 00:47:21,369
Speaker:
president Ulysses Grant was part
of a ten zero zero zero person
1340
00:47:21,369 --> 00:47:23,150
Speaker:
Humboldt Fest in Pittsburgh.
1341
00:47:23,150 --> 00:47:24,789
Speaker:
What in the fuck are we talking?
1342
00:47:24,789 --> 00:47:27,030
Speaker:
There was another one in, New
1343
00:47:27,030 --> 00:47:28,570
Speaker:
York with twenty five thousand
1344
00:47:28,570 --> 00:47:30,210
Speaker:
people and one in Berlin with
1345
00:47:30,210 --> 00:47:32,309
Speaker:
eighty thousand people in
1346
00:47:32,309 --> 00:47:32,769
Speaker:
attendance.
1347
00:47:32,769 --> 00:47:34,289
Speaker:
Are we talking about.
1348
00:47:38,050 --> 00:47:40,869
Speaker:
Okay, so he's from Europe.
1349
00:47:40,869 --> 00:47:42,630
Speaker:
He was born in seventeen sixty
nine.
1350
00:47:42,630 --> 00:47:43,510
Speaker:
And.
1351
00:47:43,510 --> 00:47:44,070
Speaker:
German.
1352
00:47:44,070 --> 00:47:44,809
Speaker:
Yeah.
1353
00:47:44,809 --> 00:47:46,050
Speaker:
Prussian.
1354
00:47:46,050 --> 00:47:46,730
Speaker:
Okay.
1355
00:47:46,730 --> 00:47:47,409
Speaker:
Is that Germany?
1356
00:47:47,409 --> 00:47:47,889
Speaker:
Germany.
1357
00:47:47,889 --> 00:47:48,329
Speaker:
Okay.
1358
00:47:48,329 --> 00:47:52,809
Speaker:
He was interested in all kinds
of different topics growing up,
1359
00:47:52,809 --> 00:47:56,769
Speaker:
but there was no real, science
track in that time.
1360
00:47:56,769 --> 00:47:58,130
Speaker:
there wasn't like, a path
1361
00:47:58,130 --> 00:47:59,550
Speaker:
towards becoming a scientist
1362
00:47:59,550 --> 00:48:01,889
Speaker:
because it just wasn't a popular
1363
00:48:01,889 --> 00:48:03,289
Speaker:
vocation, right.
1364
00:48:03,289 --> 00:48:04,489
Speaker:
That long ago.
1365
00:48:04,489 --> 00:48:06,289
Speaker:
but he studied a bunch of
1366
00:48:06,289 --> 00:48:07,769
Speaker:
different topics and then
1367
00:48:07,769 --> 00:48:09,449
Speaker:
started traveling the world and
1368
00:48:09,449 --> 00:48:10,329
Speaker:
conducting a bunch of
1369
00:48:10,329 --> 00:48:11,570
Speaker:
experiments.
1370
00:48:11,570 --> 00:48:12,090
Speaker:
Mhm.
1371
00:48:12,090 --> 00:48:15,889
Speaker:
on different topics and
different animals.
1372
00:48:15,889 --> 00:48:19,690
Speaker:
And wherever he was, he was
doing some crazy shit.
1373
00:48:19,690 --> 00:48:21,250
Speaker:
Interesting.
1374
00:48:21,250 --> 00:48:24,730
Speaker:
his discoveries are blocked into
different time periods of what
1375
00:48:24,730 --> 00:48:26,289
Speaker:
expedition he was on.
1376
00:48:26,289 --> 00:48:31,690
Speaker:
So one of his first ones was
that he went to the Americas
1377
00:48:31,690 --> 00:48:35,219
Speaker:
visiting mostly like the Spanish
Empire at the time there.
1378
00:48:35,219 --> 00:48:35,780
Speaker:
Okay.
1379
00:48:35,780 --> 00:48:41,460
Speaker:
And a bunch of cool stuff that
he did there includes that.
1380
00:48:41,460 --> 00:48:47,619
Speaker:
He wrote the first description
of this bat like bird species.
1381
00:48:47,619 --> 00:48:53,539
Speaker:
Oh, he timed the shocks of an
earthquake he experienced.
1382
00:48:53,539 --> 00:48:53,820
Speaker:
Wow.
1383
00:48:53,820 --> 00:48:56,820
Speaker:
So he's just like, literally
observing everything in any kind
1384
00:48:56,820 --> 00:49:01,179
Speaker:
of environmentalist, uh, topic.
1385
00:49:01,179 --> 00:49:02,300
Speaker:
I know what he is.
1386
00:49:02,300 --> 00:49:03,699
Speaker:
What?
1387
00:49:03,699 --> 00:49:06,300
Speaker:
Oh, call me enviro wacko.
1388
00:49:06,300 --> 00:49:07,179
Speaker:
Oh, yeah.
1389
00:49:07,179 --> 00:49:08,099
Speaker:
Absolutely.
1390
00:49:08,099 --> 00:49:09,460
Speaker:
He's an enviro wacko.
1391
00:49:09,460 --> 00:49:09,940
Speaker:
Yeah.
1392
00:49:09,940 --> 00:49:14,300
Speaker:
He was the first to make some
detailed maps of different areas
1393
00:49:14,300 --> 00:49:19,260
Speaker:
that he visited, and he was the
first person to kind of even
1394
00:49:19,260 --> 00:49:23,980
Speaker:
speculate on the idea that there
was human caused climate change.
1395
00:49:23,980 --> 00:49:24,940
Speaker:
Whoa.
1396
00:49:24,940 --> 00:49:27,699
Speaker:
He said where?
1397
00:49:27,699 --> 00:49:31,920
Speaker:
When forests are destroyed, as
they are everywhere in America
1398
00:49:31,920 --> 00:49:35,719
Speaker:
by the European planters, the
springs are entirely dried up or
1399
00:49:35,719 --> 00:49:37,639
Speaker:
become less abundant.
1400
00:49:37,639 --> 00:49:42,619
Speaker:
So it's just like things that
seem simple ideas now that
1401
00:49:42,619 --> 00:49:49,000
Speaker:
humans doing something affects
the environment was unheard of,
1402
00:49:49,000 --> 00:49:50,960
Speaker:
like ideas at that time.
1403
00:49:50,960 --> 00:49:51,639
Speaker:
Yeah.
1404
00:49:53,039 --> 00:49:55,719
Speaker:
And oh, I thought this was funny
1405
00:49:55,719 --> 00:49:57,880
Speaker:
because he was sort of the
1406
00:49:57,880 --> 00:49:59,619
Speaker:
inventor of the idea that trees
1407
00:49:59,619 --> 00:50:00,480
Speaker:
are good.
1408
00:50:03,760 --> 00:50:06,159
Speaker:
Apparently before him and his
1409
00:50:06,159 --> 00:50:08,119
Speaker:
writings, most Europeans thought
1410
00:50:08,119 --> 00:50:10,079
Speaker:
that forests were alien,
1411
00:50:10,079 --> 00:50:11,639
Speaker:
dangerous wastelands.
1412
00:50:11,639 --> 00:50:12,480
Speaker:
Lord help me.
1413
00:50:12,480 --> 00:50:15,880
Speaker:
Like just a waste of land doing
nothing.
1414
00:50:15,880 --> 00:50:17,920
Speaker:
That was what a forest was.
1415
00:50:17,920 --> 00:50:18,639
Speaker:
Interesting.
1416
00:50:18,639 --> 00:50:21,199
Speaker:
But he speculated that they help
1417
00:50:21,199 --> 00:50:22,480
Speaker:
hold the soil together and
1418
00:50:22,480 --> 00:50:23,920
Speaker:
prevent flooding.
1419
00:50:23,920 --> 00:50:24,730
Speaker:
Mhm.
1420
00:50:24,730 --> 00:50:29,449
Speaker:
And he said the wooded region
acts in a threefold manner in
1421
00:50:29,449 --> 00:50:32,289
Speaker:
diminishing the temperature by
cooling shade, by evaporation
1422
00:50:32,289 --> 00:50:34,090
Speaker:
and by radiation.
1423
00:50:34,090 --> 00:50:35,750
Speaker:
So just this idea that like
1424
00:50:35,750 --> 00:50:36,809
Speaker:
trees are good for the
1425
00:50:36,809 --> 00:50:37,849
Speaker:
environment.
1426
00:50:39,329 --> 00:50:40,090
Speaker:
Wow.
1427
00:50:40,090 --> 00:50:41,889
Speaker:
What can be attributed to him?
1428
00:50:41,889 --> 00:50:42,289
Speaker:
Yeah.
1429
00:50:42,289 --> 00:50:43,889
Speaker:
He did all kinds of experiments
1430
00:50:43,889 --> 00:50:46,809
Speaker:
on like the rainforest, a bunch
1431
00:50:46,809 --> 00:50:47,889
Speaker:
of different animals in the
1432
00:50:47,889 --> 00:50:48,690
Speaker:
rainforest.
1433
00:50:48,690 --> 00:50:51,210
Speaker:
He almost killed himself
accidentally touching this
1434
00:50:51,210 --> 00:50:54,250
Speaker:
poisonous, like plant.
1435
00:50:54,250 --> 00:50:57,210
Speaker:
And then describing how local
1436
00:50:57,210 --> 00:50:59,250
Speaker:
tribes prepared that as a poison
1437
00:50:59,250 --> 00:51:01,050
Speaker:
for blowguns.
1438
00:51:01,050 --> 00:51:03,050
Speaker:
And he was like, I almost died.
1439
00:51:03,050 --> 00:51:06,090
Speaker:
Oh, you used that, you say?
1440
00:51:07,650 --> 00:51:09,409
Speaker:
Yeah.
1441
00:51:09,409 --> 00:51:11,170
Speaker:
And just like a whole bunch of
stuff, like.
1442
00:51:11,170 --> 00:51:12,690
Speaker:
He was just so curious.
1443
00:51:12,690 --> 00:51:15,090
Speaker:
It seems like, about the world
around him and stuff.
1444
00:51:15,090 --> 00:51:15,889
Speaker:
Mhm.
1445
00:51:16,889 --> 00:51:20,659
Speaker:
In eighteen oh two, he climbed
Embarazo.
1446
00:51:20,659 --> 00:51:24,980
Speaker:
This volcano in Ecuador that
they thought was the highest
1447
00:51:24,980 --> 00:51:26,780
Speaker:
peak in the world at that time.
1448
00:51:26,780 --> 00:51:27,860
Speaker:
He didn't get all the way to the
1449
00:51:27,860 --> 00:51:30,480
Speaker:
top, but he reached nineteen
1450
00:51:30,480 --> 00:51:31,659
Speaker:
thousand four hundred and
1451
00:51:31,659 --> 00:51:32,659
Speaker:
thirteen feet.
1452
00:51:32,659 --> 00:51:33,739
Speaker:
Just climbing.
1453
00:51:33,739 --> 00:51:35,599
Speaker:
that was higher than any human
1454
00:51:35,599 --> 00:51:37,039
Speaker:
had ever been, even in hot air
1455
00:51:37,039 --> 00:51:38,320
Speaker:
balloon dam.
1456
00:51:39,880 --> 00:51:42,860
Speaker:
he also was some what we
1457
00:51:42,860 --> 00:51:45,119
Speaker:
consider the creator of the
1458
00:51:45,119 --> 00:51:47,360
Speaker:
first infographic.
1459
00:51:47,360 --> 00:51:48,079
Speaker:
Okay.
1460
00:51:48,079 --> 00:51:51,739
Speaker:
he did a single display, on one
1461
00:51:51,739 --> 00:51:55,059
Speaker:
page that visually displayed the
1462
00:51:55,059 --> 00:51:57,179
Speaker:
altitude, temperature, humidity
1463
00:51:57,179 --> 00:51:59,539
Speaker:
and atmospheric pressure data
1464
00:51:59,539 --> 00:52:02,400
Speaker:
along with descriptions of
1465
00:52:02,400 --> 00:52:04,300
Speaker:
vegetation and the ecosystem
1466
00:52:04,300 --> 00:52:05,099
Speaker:
present.
1467
00:52:05,099 --> 00:52:05,500
Speaker:
Okay.
1468
00:52:05,500 --> 00:52:07,380
Speaker:
And different animal life.
1469
00:52:07,380 --> 00:52:07,619
Speaker:
Yeah.
1470
00:52:07,619 --> 00:52:09,380
Speaker:
For this area that he was in.
1471
00:52:09,380 --> 00:52:10,739
Speaker:
So he presented all this
1472
00:52:10,739 --> 00:52:12,340
Speaker:
information visually in a way
1473
00:52:12,340 --> 00:52:15,900
Speaker:
that was not really popular yet
1474
00:52:15,900 --> 00:52:16,320
Speaker:
like that.
1475
00:52:16,320 --> 00:52:16,840
Speaker:
Yeah.
1476
00:52:16,840 --> 00:52:19,639
Speaker:
And yeah, he just was
discovering all this random
1477
00:52:19,639 --> 00:52:24,440
Speaker:
stuff and, meeting with the
presidents different times and
1478
00:52:24,440 --> 00:52:27,639
Speaker:
other world leaders and sharing
his data with them.
1479
00:52:27,639 --> 00:52:28,920
Speaker:
And he was super famous.
1480
00:52:28,920 --> 00:52:32,820
Speaker:
Everybody knew who he was, like
maybe one of the first famous
1481
00:52:32,820 --> 00:52:34,900
Speaker:
scientists in the world.
1482
00:52:34,900 --> 00:52:35,300
Speaker:
Wow.
1483
00:52:35,300 --> 00:52:37,260
Speaker:
And everyone thinks he was
1484
00:52:37,260 --> 00:52:38,900
Speaker:
probably gay, which is another
1485
00:52:38,900 --> 00:52:39,420
Speaker:
fun thing.
1486
00:52:39,420 --> 00:52:39,940
Speaker:
Oh, fun.
1487
00:52:39,940 --> 00:52:42,500
Speaker:
Because he had all of these
travel companions, quote
1488
00:52:42,500 --> 00:52:46,980
Speaker:
unquote, he would meet a man on
his travels, and then they would
1489
00:52:46,980 --> 00:52:50,019
Speaker:
stay traveling together for the
next five to ten years.
1490
00:52:50,019 --> 00:52:51,019
Speaker:
Right.
1491
00:52:51,019 --> 00:52:54,639
Speaker:
Even sharing a room with some of
them, sharing a bed.
1492
00:52:54,639 --> 00:52:55,400
Speaker:
Just roommates.
1493
00:52:55,400 --> 00:52:56,039
Speaker:
Yeah.
1494
00:52:57,840 --> 00:52:59,559
Speaker:
Writing letters to each other.
1495
00:52:59,559 --> 00:53:00,960
Speaker:
Although most of the letters
1496
00:53:00,960 --> 00:53:02,230
Speaker:
that would have been
1497
00:53:02,230 --> 00:53:04,849
Speaker:
incriminating were destroyed at
1498
00:53:04,849 --> 00:53:06,130
Speaker:
different points in time
1499
00:53:06,130 --> 00:53:08,889
Speaker:
because, well, for obvious
1500
00:53:08,889 --> 00:53:09,969
Speaker:
reasons.
1501
00:53:09,969 --> 00:53:10,409
Speaker:
Yeah.
1502
00:53:10,409 --> 00:53:11,650
Speaker:
but yeah, he had one of these
1503
00:53:11,650 --> 00:53:15,070
Speaker:
close friends, Simon Bolivar, a
1504
00:53:15,070 --> 00:53:17,010
Speaker:
Spanish aristocrat living in
1505
00:53:17,010 --> 00:53:19,989
Speaker:
Europe, that was drowning, his
1506
00:53:19,989 --> 00:53:23,530
Speaker:
grief from his wife's death by
1507
00:53:23,530 --> 00:53:25,510
Speaker:
just partying and drinking and
1508
00:53:25,510 --> 00:53:27,489
Speaker:
probably fucking out with
1509
00:53:27,489 --> 00:53:28,130
Speaker:
Humboldt.
1510
00:53:28,130 --> 00:53:28,809
Speaker:
Yeah.
1511
00:53:31,570 --> 00:53:32,690
Speaker:
And, boy.
1512
00:53:32,690 --> 00:53:33,409
Speaker:
Mhm.
1513
00:53:34,809 --> 00:53:39,570
Speaker:
They went on to, work together
and travel together.
1514
00:53:39,570 --> 00:53:43,929
Speaker:
And then this guy, Simon
Bolivar, He was instrumental in
1515
00:53:43,929 --> 00:53:46,989
Speaker:
South American liberation
movements at the time.
1516
00:53:46,989 --> 00:53:49,349
Speaker:
And so on top of everything else
that he was doing.
1517
00:53:49,349 --> 00:53:51,369
Speaker:
Alexander von Humboldt also had
1518
00:53:51,369 --> 00:53:54,130
Speaker:
a whole military career in the
1519
00:53:54,130 --> 00:53:55,389
Speaker:
South American liberation
1520
00:53:55,389 --> 00:53:55,869
Speaker:
movement.
1521
00:53:55,869 --> 00:53:56,789
Speaker:
Are you serious?
1522
00:53:56,789 --> 00:53:57,829
Speaker:
Yeah.
1523
00:53:57,829 --> 00:54:00,389
Speaker:
For his gay lover, I guess.
1524
00:54:02,590 --> 00:54:07,650
Speaker:
And, he wrote this book,
Personal Narrative of Travels to
1525
00:54:07,650 --> 00:54:11,909
Speaker:
the Equinoctial Regions of the
New Continent during the years
1526
00:54:11,909 --> 00:54:13,949
Speaker:
seventeen ninety nine to
eighteen oh four.
1527
00:54:13,949 --> 00:54:15,349
Speaker:
That was the title of the book.
1528
00:54:15,349 --> 00:54:17,150
Speaker:
I thought it was a great title.
1529
00:54:17,150 --> 00:54:21,309
Speaker:
It became very probably the
world's first best seller.
1530
00:54:22,309 --> 00:54:25,349
Speaker:
Like everyone was reading this
book.
1531
00:54:25,349 --> 00:54:26,829
Speaker:
What in the world?
1532
00:54:26,829 --> 00:54:30,389
Speaker:
That's the book that Darwin had
during his travels.
1533
00:54:30,389 --> 00:54:34,989
Speaker:
Darwin said my admiration of his
famous personal narrative.
1534
00:54:34,989 --> 00:54:38,190
Speaker:
Part of which I almost know by
heart, determined me to travel
1535
00:54:38,190 --> 00:54:41,510
Speaker:
in different countries and led
me to volunteer as a naturalist
1536
00:54:41,510 --> 00:54:43,269
Speaker:
in Her Majesty's ship Beagle.
1537
00:54:43,269 --> 00:54:45,550
Speaker:
Oh, I've heard of the Beagle.
1538
00:54:45,550 --> 00:54:48,269
Speaker:
Yeah, that's Darwin's ship that
he went on to.
1539
00:54:48,269 --> 00:54:49,429
Speaker:
Why do I know that?
1540
00:54:49,429 --> 00:54:50,190
Speaker:
Okay, okay.
1541
00:54:50,190 --> 00:54:50,670
Speaker:
Yeah.
1542
00:54:50,670 --> 00:54:54,409
Speaker:
just so many things, he lived to
1543
00:54:54,409 --> 00:54:56,630
Speaker:
be eighty nine years old, which
1544
00:54:56,630 --> 00:54:57,389
Speaker:
is old.
1545
00:54:57,389 --> 00:54:58,230
Speaker:
Yeah, yeah.
1546
00:54:58,230 --> 00:55:00,550
Speaker:
And he just kept on writing
1547
00:55:00,550 --> 00:55:02,349
Speaker:
books and discovering stuff and
1548
00:55:02,349 --> 00:55:04,530
Speaker:
doing more travels and, like,
1549
00:55:04,530 --> 00:55:06,670
Speaker:
discovering ecological concepts
1550
00:55:06,670 --> 00:55:08,710
Speaker:
that are so simplistic now that
1551
00:55:08,710 --> 00:55:10,349
Speaker:
I can't even imagine them being
1552
00:55:10,349 --> 00:55:11,230
Speaker:
invented.
1553
00:55:11,230 --> 00:55:15,030
Speaker:
Like, up until the very last
year of his life.
1554
00:55:15,030 --> 00:55:18,110
Speaker:
When did like, his name kind of
go away?
1555
00:55:18,110 --> 00:55:18,789
Speaker:
I don't know.
1556
00:55:18,789 --> 00:55:19,789
Speaker:
Isn't it crazy, though?
1557
00:55:19,789 --> 00:55:23,190
Speaker:
Like, it's just wild to me to
think about how many things are
1558
00:55:23,190 --> 00:55:24,269
Speaker:
lost to time.
1559
00:55:24,269 --> 00:55:24,630
Speaker:
Yeah.
1560
00:55:24,630 --> 00:55:28,355
Speaker:
this is totally unrelated, but,
we just went to see the Odyssey.
1561
00:55:28,355 --> 00:55:30,195
Speaker:
I don't know if you have seen it
or anything.
1562
00:55:30,195 --> 00:55:31,594
Speaker:
I haven't seen it yet.
1563
00:55:31,594 --> 00:55:34,474
Speaker:
Well, it's based on that, like
epic called The Odyssey.
1564
00:55:34,474 --> 00:55:38,594
Speaker:
And there's another chapter of
that epic called The Iliad.
1565
00:55:38,594 --> 00:55:42,215
Speaker:
my partner told me that, that
1566
00:55:42,215 --> 00:55:44,715
Speaker:
that's just two out of eight of
1567
00:55:44,715 --> 00:55:47,875
Speaker:
the epics that were popular and
1568
00:55:47,875 --> 00:55:49,795
Speaker:
passed down verbally at that
1569
00:55:49,795 --> 00:55:50,315
Speaker:
time.
1570
00:55:50,315 --> 00:55:55,195
Speaker:
But since they were originally
verbal histories, verbal stories
1571
00:55:55,195 --> 00:55:58,635
Speaker:
passed down, those are the only
two that were ever written down,
1572
00:55:58,635 --> 00:56:01,894
Speaker:
and the other six that give
context to the whole story and
1573
00:56:01,894 --> 00:56:06,355
Speaker:
like have other characters and
stuff are just gone.
1574
00:56:06,355 --> 00:56:09,894
Speaker:
We only find references to them,
but we don't know what they said
1575
00:56:09,894 --> 00:56:12,195
Speaker:
because we don't have a written
version of them.
1576
00:56:12,195 --> 00:56:12,835
Speaker:
Wow.
1577
00:56:12,835 --> 00:56:13,594
Speaker:
Yeah.
1578
00:56:13,594 --> 00:56:16,355
Speaker:
And I started thinking about
this when I was thinking about
1579
00:56:16,355 --> 00:56:17,474
Speaker:
this Von Humboldt guy.
1580
00:56:17,474 --> 00:56:20,045
Speaker:
Like, how is he the most famous
person in the world?
1581
00:56:20,045 --> 00:56:21,525
Speaker:
And we never fucking heard of
him.
1582
00:56:21,525 --> 00:56:23,005
Speaker:
We've never heard of him?
1583
00:56:23,005 --> 00:56:26,925
Speaker:
No. And I'm a scientist like I
should.
1584
00:56:26,925 --> 00:56:28,164
Speaker:
And I think we're scientists.
1585
00:56:28,164 --> 00:56:29,644
Speaker:
Like, why don't I know?
1586
00:56:29,644 --> 00:56:31,284
Speaker:
And we're rather smart.
1587
00:56:31,284 --> 00:56:31,764
Speaker:
Yeah.
1588
00:56:31,764 --> 00:56:35,644
Speaker:
And we've gone to school quite a
bit with quite a bit of science.
1589
00:56:35,644 --> 00:56:37,525
Speaker:
I was a teacher like.
1590
00:56:40,844 --> 00:56:42,085
Speaker:
I was a science teacher.
1591
00:56:42,085 --> 00:56:43,324
Speaker:
Like, how did I not know about
1592
00:56:43,324 --> 00:56:45,405
Speaker:
this key figure in biology,
1593
00:56:45,405 --> 00:56:46,664
Speaker:
history?
1594
00:56:46,664 --> 00:56:51,105
Speaker:
I'm telling you, I'm thinking
just Darwin just drown him out.
1595
00:56:51,105 --> 00:56:51,945
Speaker:
Yeah, maybe.
1596
00:56:51,945 --> 00:56:53,025
Speaker:
I don't know.
1597
00:56:53,025 --> 00:56:56,545
Speaker:
He was one of the first people
to criticize overusing water
1598
00:56:56,545 --> 00:56:58,545
Speaker:
resources for irrigation.
1599
00:56:58,545 --> 00:57:01,105
Speaker:
Like so many ecological
concepts.
1600
00:57:01,105 --> 00:57:02,764
Speaker:
you can originate back to this
guy.
1601
00:57:02,764 --> 00:57:03,244
Speaker:
Yeah.
1602
00:57:03,244 --> 00:57:03,885
Speaker:
That's crazy.
1603
00:57:03,885 --> 00:57:05,565
Speaker:
So no wonder he was so famous.
1604
00:57:05,565 --> 00:57:06,724
Speaker:
Mhm.
1605
00:57:06,724 --> 00:57:10,065
Speaker:
And later in life, Up until just
1606
00:57:10,065 --> 00:57:12,304
Speaker:
a month after finishing writing
1607
00:57:12,304 --> 00:57:14,605
Speaker:
this thing, he was writing five
1608
00:57:14,605 --> 00:57:17,804
Speaker:
books describing the entire
1609
00:57:17,804 --> 00:57:18,625
Speaker:
universe.
1610
00:57:18,625 --> 00:57:19,105
Speaker:
He just.
1611
00:57:19,105 --> 00:57:21,625
Speaker:
He wanted to write a
comprehensive description of all
1612
00:57:21,625 --> 00:57:23,864
Speaker:
of humanity's knowledge about
the physical universe.
1613
00:57:23,864 --> 00:57:25,945
Speaker:
Oh, that's a lot.
1614
00:57:25,945 --> 00:57:27,425
Speaker:
And he did.
1615
00:57:27,425 --> 00:57:28,144
Speaker:
And he finished it.
1616
00:57:28,144 --> 00:57:30,224
Speaker:
And then a month later, he died.
1617
00:57:30,224 --> 00:57:31,065
Speaker:
Whoa!
1618
00:57:31,065 --> 00:57:31,585
Speaker:
Yeah.
1619
00:57:31,585 --> 00:57:32,184
Speaker:
Crazy.
1620
00:57:32,184 --> 00:57:32,824
Speaker:
Wow.
1621
00:57:32,824 --> 00:57:33,505
Speaker:
What a human.
1622
00:57:33,505 --> 00:57:35,184
Speaker:
And he was eighty nine years
old.
1623
00:57:35,184 --> 00:57:37,065
Speaker:
What a human.
1624
00:57:37,065 --> 00:57:38,184
Speaker:
What year did he die?
1625
00:57:38,184 --> 00:57:39,344
Speaker:
Eighteen fifty nine.
1626
00:57:39,344 --> 00:57:40,264
Speaker:
Yeah.
1627
00:57:40,264 --> 00:57:43,625
Speaker:
So he was long enough ago for us
to not know about him.
1628
00:57:43,625 --> 00:57:43,905
Speaker:
Yeah.
1629
00:57:43,905 --> 00:57:45,905
Speaker:
Like we know other people from
that long ago.
1630
00:57:45,905 --> 00:57:47,505
Speaker:
Other scientists and stuff.
1631
00:57:47,505 --> 00:57:48,505
Speaker:
Yeah.
1632
00:57:48,505 --> 00:57:50,184
Speaker:
Why don't we know this famous
guy?
1633
00:57:50,184 --> 00:57:50,864
Speaker:
I don't know.
1634
00:57:50,864 --> 00:57:52,144
Speaker:
So weird.
1635
00:57:52,144 --> 00:57:53,344
Speaker:
Never heard of him.
1636
00:57:53,344 --> 00:57:53,864
Speaker:
Yeah.
1637
00:57:53,864 --> 00:57:57,775
Speaker:
Historians widely think that he
was lovers with all these men
1638
00:57:57,775 --> 00:57:58,755
Speaker:
that he traveled with.
1639
00:57:58,755 --> 00:57:59,715
Speaker:
There were a few other ones.
1640
00:57:59,715 --> 00:58:04,155
Speaker:
I didn't mention their names,
but there was one that he would
1641
00:58:04,155 --> 00:58:05,275
Speaker:
exchange letters with.
1642
00:58:05,275 --> 00:58:06,315
Speaker:
There was one that.
1643
00:58:06,315 --> 00:58:07,534
Speaker:
There was evidence that they
1644
00:58:07,534 --> 00:58:08,795
Speaker:
slept in a one bedroom
1645
00:58:08,795 --> 00:58:09,715
Speaker:
apartment.
1646
00:58:09,715 --> 00:58:11,355
Speaker:
Mhm.
1647
00:58:11,355 --> 00:58:15,914
Speaker:
He would just like, you know,
like a man and then travel with
1648
00:58:15,914 --> 00:58:17,835
Speaker:
him for a decade.
1649
00:58:17,835 --> 00:58:19,315
Speaker:
They became like groupies.
1650
00:58:19,315 --> 00:58:20,114
Speaker:
Mhm.
1651
00:58:20,114 --> 00:58:24,635
Speaker:
But but there were a bunch of
these men, like he was prolific.
1652
00:58:24,635 --> 00:58:27,195
Speaker:
I guess he was a celebrity, so
why not?
1653
00:58:27,195 --> 00:58:27,875
Speaker:
Right.
1654
00:58:27,875 --> 00:58:29,594
Speaker:
Yeah, exactly.
1655
00:58:29,594 --> 00:58:30,114
Speaker:
That's what I said.
1656
00:58:30,114 --> 00:58:31,074
Speaker:
He had groupies.
1657
00:58:31,074 --> 00:58:31,755
Speaker:
Yeah.
1658
00:58:31,755 --> 00:58:32,514
Speaker:
Totally.
1659
00:58:32,514 --> 00:58:32,875
Speaker:
Totally.
1660
00:58:32,875 --> 00:58:33,795
Speaker:
Traveled with them.
1661
00:58:33,795 --> 00:58:34,954
Speaker:
They went on tour.
1662
00:58:34,954 --> 00:58:36,355
Speaker:
They were on tour with them.
1663
00:58:36,355 --> 00:58:40,074
Speaker:
Literally the tour of the world.
1664
00:58:40,074 --> 00:58:41,114
Speaker:
That's funny.
1665
00:58:41,114 --> 00:58:44,355
Speaker:
My favorite thing is that
someone had to invent the idea
1666
00:58:44,355 --> 00:58:46,034
Speaker:
that trees are good.
1667
00:58:46,034 --> 00:58:49,155
Speaker:
Yeah, I have an idea.
1668
00:58:51,405 --> 00:58:53,684
Speaker:
Let's see these tree things.
1669
00:58:53,684 --> 00:58:54,724
Speaker:
They're good.
1670
00:58:54,724 --> 00:58:55,885
Speaker:
They're all over the place.
1671
00:58:55,885 --> 00:58:57,764
Speaker:
They must be here for a reason,
right?
1672
00:58:57,764 --> 00:58:59,085
Speaker:
All over the place.
1673
00:58:59,085 --> 00:59:00,644
Speaker:
There's so many.
1674
00:59:00,644 --> 00:59:02,565
Speaker:
Things look so green and nice
1675
00:59:02,565 --> 00:59:03,684
Speaker:
and plentiful when they're
1676
00:59:03,684 --> 00:59:04,844
Speaker:
around.
1677
00:59:04,844 --> 00:59:06,405
Speaker:
That's funny.
1678
00:59:06,405 --> 00:59:07,925
Speaker:
So, yeah, I just.
1679
00:59:07,925 --> 00:59:08,405
Speaker:
Cool.
1680
00:59:08,405 --> 00:59:09,864
Speaker:
I like to tell you about this
1681
00:59:09,864 --> 00:59:10,885
Speaker:
famous guy that we've never
1682
00:59:10,885 --> 00:59:11,324
Speaker:
heard of.
1683
00:59:11,324 --> 00:59:12,405
Speaker:
Yeah.
1684
00:59:12,405 --> 00:59:13,005
Speaker:
Very good.
1685
00:59:13,005 --> 00:59:14,565
Speaker:
And I think it tied in.
1686
00:59:14,565 --> 00:59:14,885
Speaker:
Right.
1687
00:59:14,885 --> 00:59:15,644
Speaker:
That's what I'm saying.
1688
00:59:15,644 --> 00:59:17,605
Speaker:
It was like about ecology and
stuff.
1689
00:59:17,605 --> 00:59:21,925
Speaker:
I think he would find the Amur
tiger pretty interesting.
1690
00:59:21,925 --> 00:59:22,204
Speaker:
Yeah.
1691
00:59:22,204 --> 00:59:23,445
Speaker:
Do you think he would have
1692
00:59:23,445 --> 00:59:26,005
Speaker:
interrupted the Amur tigers meal
1693
00:59:26,005 --> 00:59:27,724
Speaker:
and shot him and stolen his
1694
00:59:27,724 --> 00:59:28,085
Speaker:
food?
1695
00:59:28,085 --> 00:59:28,565
Speaker:
I don't.
1696
00:59:28,565 --> 00:59:30,164
Speaker:
I don't think he would have.
1697
00:59:30,164 --> 00:59:31,565
Speaker:
No, I don't think so.
1698
00:59:31,565 --> 00:59:33,364
Speaker:
I think he would have known
better than that.
1699
00:59:33,364 --> 00:59:33,724
Speaker:
Yeah.
1700
00:59:33,724 --> 00:59:34,445
Speaker:
Yeah.
1701
00:59:35,644 --> 00:59:36,045
Speaker:
All right.
1702
00:59:36,045 --> 00:59:36,525
Speaker:
Well.
1703
00:59:36,525 --> 00:59:42,644
Speaker:
If we met you on our first ever
live appearance.
1704
00:59:42,644 --> 00:59:43,204
Speaker:
Yes.
1705
00:59:43,204 --> 00:59:44,005
Speaker:
That was so fun.
1706
00:59:44,005 --> 00:59:47,425
Speaker:
Public was very nice meeting
you.
1707
00:59:47,425 --> 00:59:49,344
Speaker:
Thank you for coming and talking
to us.
1708
00:59:49,344 --> 00:59:56,085
Speaker:
We will likely do more live
appearances somewhere in the
1709
00:59:56,085 --> 00:59:57,304
Speaker:
city we're in.
1710
00:59:59,224 --> 01:00:01,505
Speaker:
They know that we are in Tampa.
1711
01:00:01,505 --> 01:00:01,985
Speaker:
Okay.
1712
01:00:01,985 --> 01:00:03,824
Speaker:
I regret to inform you.
1713
01:00:05,425 --> 01:00:09,144
Speaker:
Well, we'll probably be out and
about in the community in Tampa
1714
01:00:09,144 --> 01:00:10,625
Speaker:
Bay another time.
1715
01:00:10,625 --> 01:00:11,184
Speaker:
Yeah.
1716
01:00:11,184 --> 01:00:14,105
Speaker:
So look, look out on, Instagram.
1717
01:00:14,105 --> 01:00:16,505
Speaker:
Maybe we'll give a hint if we're
1718
01:00:16,505 --> 01:00:17,465
Speaker:
going to be out there in the
1719
01:00:17,465 --> 01:00:18,184
Speaker:
wild.
1720
01:00:18,184 --> 01:00:18,704
Speaker:
Yeah.
1721
01:00:18,704 --> 01:00:19,465
Speaker:
Come meet us.
1722
01:00:19,465 --> 01:00:20,065
Speaker:
Come meet us.
1723
01:00:20,065 --> 01:00:21,105
Speaker:
We're pretty cool.
1724
01:00:21,105 --> 01:00:24,025
Speaker:
And otherwise, keep listening.
1725
01:00:24,025 --> 01:00:24,905
Speaker:
Keep listening.
1726
01:00:24,905 --> 01:00:26,144
Speaker:
Share on Instagram.
1727
01:00:26,144 --> 01:00:27,505
Speaker:
Share, subscribe.
1728
01:00:27,505 --> 01:00:31,025
Speaker:
Tell your friends how much you
love us again.
1729
01:00:31,025 --> 01:00:34,224
Speaker:
Shoot us a message somehow and
we'll shout you out.
1730
01:00:34,224 --> 01:00:35,304
Speaker:
Yeah, absolutely.
1731
01:00:35,304 --> 01:00:36,545
Speaker:
All right.
1732
01:00:36,545 --> 01:00:36,945
Speaker:
Okay.
1733
01:00:36,945 --> 01:00:38,585
Speaker:
We'll be back in a couple weeks.
1734
01:00:38,585 --> 01:00:39,784
Speaker:
Bye bye.