TRANSCRIPT 🔗
WEBVTT
00:00:14.320 --> 00:00:16.559
Hello, folkens.
00:00:16.559 --> 00:00:20.239
Comparative, superlative.
00:00:20.239 --> 00:00:21.760
What is that?
00:00:21.760 --> 00:00:26.160
We all like to compare things and people.
00:00:26.160 --> 00:00:27.440
We do it all the time.
00:00:27.440 --> 00:00:29.440
So these words are useful.
00:00:29.440 --> 00:00:36.719
We're mostly talking about adjectives and in some cases adverbs.
00:00:36.719 --> 00:00:51.679
And comparative is the version where you add in English ER, like nicer, better, wider, broader, quicker, quicker.
00:00:51.679 --> 00:00:57.759
And superlative is the form when you add EST in English.
00:00:57.759 --> 00:01:03.600
Finest, widest, longest, shortest, etc.
00:01:03.600 --> 00:01:06.640
And we have something very similar in the region.
00:01:06.640 --> 00:01:09.760
Instead of adding ER, we add ERE.
00:01:09.760 --> 00:01:17.359
And then instead of adding EST, well we add EST as well, in some cases only S T.
00:01:17.599 --> 00:01:24.959
And we also have a definite form where we add ESTE or STE.
00:01:24.959 --> 00:01:35.920
And of course we have some special comparatives and superlatives that could change c that change completely, like in English, good better best.
00:01:35.920 --> 00:01:40.959
Alright, you don't say good or bad gooder and goodest, but good better best.
00:01:40.959 --> 00:01:43.840
Had the same thing in Norwegian, of course.
00:01:43.840 --> 00:01:46.159
God bedre best.
00:01:46.159 --> 00:01:50.480
But that's not the subject of today.
00:01:50.480 --> 00:02:01.040
The topic today is when can you not add ER and EST or one of the other endings that are possible normally?
00:02:01.040 --> 00:02:08.319
If I remember correctly in English, you cannot add it if the word is very long.
00:02:08.319 --> 00:02:12.639
But the same rule does not apply in Norwegian.
00:02:12.639 --> 00:02:20.560
I could for instance say vanskel more difficult.
00:02:20.560 --> 00:02:26.639
So vanskeli is quite a long word.
00:02:26.639 --> 00:02:28.479
We can still add E R E.
00:02:28.479 --> 00:02:31.919
So the length of the word doesn't have much to say.
00:02:31.919 --> 00:02:41.759
It has a little bit to say because if the word is very long, then it might be because it's a compound word.
00:02:41.759 --> 00:02:49.520
And if that is the case, then you cannot add E R E and E S T.
00:02:49.520 --> 00:02:52.560
Then what do you add instead?
00:02:52.560 --> 00:02:56.960
You have to add mid and mess.
00:02:56.960 --> 00:03:00.400
More and most.
00:03:00.400 --> 00:03:07.919
So for instance, let's take the example of the colour blue blue.
00:03:07.919 --> 00:03:12.800
The colour in itself I can say bluer and blueest.
00:03:12.800 --> 00:03:17.599
Blå blåere blåest.
00:03:17.599 --> 00:03:38.400
But if I want to mix blue and green together, bloagren or turkis, as it's also called, then it's a compound adjective and I cannot I cannot inflect it with ERE and EST.
00:03:38.400 --> 00:03:44.080
I have
Load full transcript
to say mer blågrøln mest blågrønn.
00:03:44.080 --> 00:03:58.080
Same thing with for instance red I can say but what if I want to talk about a specific kind of red?
00:03:58.080 --> 00:04:03.520
What if I want to say vinrød, wine red.
00:04:03.520 --> 00:04:14.879
Vinrød I cannot say vinrødere vinrødest, it's not possible I have to say mer vinrød mest vinrød.
00:04:14.879 --> 00:04:17.040
Very weird example.
00:04:17.040 --> 00:04:19.439
But you get the logic.
00:04:19.439 --> 00:04:25.439
So that's one case where you cannot add EST or ERE.
00:04:25.439 --> 00:04:37.360
Cannot make comparative and comp you cannot make comparative and superlative in one go you have to add mer or mest in front.
00:04:37.360 --> 00:04:53.839
Another example are words that come and adjectives sorry uh another example are adjectives that come from verbs.
00:04:53.839 --> 00:04:57.360
And I think these are quite intuitive in English as well.
00:04:57.360 --> 00:05:01.759
You wouldn't add a comparative and superlative ending to them.
00:05:01.759 --> 00:05:10.959
Like for instance "optatt" which comes from oppta, to take up.
00:05:10.959 --> 00:05:47.600
Here you have to say mer opptatt mest optatt, and we have many verbs like that that are combined with prepositions or adverbs like å spise opp to eat to eat up or to finish eating, "oppspist" which means eaten "maten er oppspist", but I guess if some something is eaten up it cannot be more eaten up than eaten up so that might be a very interesting way to use it.
00:05:47.600 --> 00:06:10.639
But for instance, the typical example "fornøyd" means content comes from the verb å fornøye, which is not used a lot today, but it meant or it means but it's rarely used, it means to m to content someone, to make someone happy.
00:06:10.639 --> 00:06:16.560
More common is to use å glede, å glede noen, to make someone happy.
00:06:16.560 --> 00:06:24.560
But that's where it comes from, and that is the reason why you cannot say fornøydere fornøydest doesn't work.
00:06:24.560 --> 00:06:27.120
You have to say mer fornøyd, mest for nøyd.
00:06:27.439 --> 00:06:34.079
Okay, so adjectives adjectives originating from verbs.
00:06:34.079 --> 00:07:00.959
So when it comes to the verbs, what you can look for is that it would have the ending that you find in perfektum, for instance "har spist" so you it would contain the word "spist", has eaten, or the ending ENDE which is used when you talk about something that is doing something.
00:07:00.959 --> 00:07:10.000
For instance "spisende" eating, en spisende person, an eating person (a person who is eating).
00:07:10.000 --> 00:07:26.399
Another one that is m more common is "spennende" exciting which comes from the verb å spenne which can mean different things, but in this case it's uh to tense.
00:07:26.399 --> 00:07:31.360
That's a good translation, yeah, to tense something, to create tension.
00:07:31.360 --> 00:07:43.279
Any v uh adjectives or adverbs finishing with L I G can have endings,
even if they come from a verb.
00:07:43.279 --> 00:08:01.920
And then the last category of uh adjectives that do not take the ending endings are foreign words, and that's a tricky category because Norwegian has a lot of foreign words.
00:08:01.920 --> 00:08:07.439
So how do we like what kind of foreign words are we talking about?
00:08:07.439 --> 00:08:23.199
Because a lot of the Norwegian words are not from Old Norse, some of them come from Danish, some of them come from German, yeah, from English, and then we have from Latin or or French more specifically.
00:08:23.199 --> 00:08:34.080
Words that come from Danish and German and Old Norse, of course, they are not considered foreign words because they've been there for a very, very long time.
00:08:34.080 --> 00:09:02.320
But English or the more modern words coming from English or words from Latin or French are the most common ones that you'll find, and they do not have any ending like normal original spesiell virtuell turkis.
00:09:02.320 --> 00:09:10.080
there we have to say mer normal mest normal mer original mest original.
00:09:10.080 --> 00:09:13.039
And what's the point of learning all this?
00:09:13.039 --> 00:09:15.679
Can't you just use mer and mest all the time?
00:09:15.679 --> 00:09:19.840
Sure, but it sounds a little bit weird if you use them.
00:09:19.840 --> 00:09:30.000
If you say mer and mest when you can actually just add er e or e s t sounds much better and it and it's easier to say as well.
00:09:30.000 --> 00:09:34.799
If you are unsure, just check in the dictionary and you'll see.
00:09:34.799 --> 00:09:42.320
If you do not find a table where you have comparative and superlative endings, then you know that that's not possible.
00:09:42.320 --> 00:09:44.480
You have to add mere or mest.
00:09:44.480 --> 00:09:52.480
And of course, this is for some for when you want to talk about something that is more of something or the most of something, right?
00:09:52.480 --> 00:09:59.440
But you can also make comparative and superlative the other way, when something is less and least, right?
00:09:59.440 --> 00:10:04.080
Mindre and minst, and then you don't have any options.
00:10:04.080 --> 00:10:06.559
It has to be with minre and minst.
00:10:06.559 --> 00:10:14.960
So you would have to say mindre grønn, minst grønn, less green, the least green.
00:10:14.960 --> 00:10:23.039
So it only goes for when you when you want to talk about something that is more of something or the most of something.
00:10:23.039 --> 00:10:24.320
Okay.
00:10:24.320 --> 00:10:36.480
I'm gonna give you three no I'm gonna give you four adjectives, and I want you to tell me which one of them can have an ending.
00:10:36.480 --> 00:10:40.000
And well the remaining ones cannot.
00:10:40.000 --> 00:10:48.480
So only one of these four adjectives can have the endings E R E and E S T.
00:10:48.480 --> 00:10:50.320
Ready?
00:10:50.320 --> 00:11:28.159
Let's go - Dansende - Dancing for instance en dansende hund - a dancing dog - kjedelig - boring - interessant- kaldblodig - in cold blood.
00:11:28.159 --> 00:11:32.320
Alright, that was it for today.
00:11:32.320 --> 00:11:47.919
I hope you learned something new and that now next time you are faced with an adjective or adverb that you don't know how to use, now at least you have three rules you can follow.
00:11:47.919 --> 00:11:51.600
Is it a compound adjective?
00:11:51.600 --> 00:11:58.480
Is it a conjugated verb or is it a foreign word? Takk for i dag! Vi høres! :)