Transkrip penuh untuk Longevity Summit Dublin 2025

our Director 33 00:02:39.479 --> 00:02:44.840 of Scholarship, doctor Dan Elton, now from among the attendees 34 00:02:44.960 --> 00:02:47.800 of Longevity sum at Dublin. In addition to myself, we 35 00:02:47.919 --> 00:02:52.280 have our friend David Wood of London Futurists. He is 36 00:02:52.360 --> 00:02:58.000 also the executive director of LVF, the Longevity Escape Velocity Foundation, 37 00:02:58.280 --> 00:03:02.400 and we have doctor Jose Cordero, who is our foreign 38 00:03:02.400 --> 00:03:07.199 ambassador in Spain and our technology advisor. Both of them 39 00:03:07.479 --> 00:03:13.400 are regular guests on our Virtual Enlightenment salons. And we 40 00:03:13.439 --> 00:03:18.360 are also about to be joined by our friend Sven 41 00:03:18.520 --> 00:03:20.560 Volts from Belgium. 42 00:03:20.919 --> 00:03:22.719 He is a. 43 00:03:22.840 --> 00:03:29.240 Member of Heals, the Healthy Life Extension Society in Europe, 44 00:03:29.439 --> 00:03:35.240 and he actually was a guest on one of my 45 00:03:35.439 --> 00:03:40.240 panels before I became chairman of the US Transhumanist Party, 46 00:03:40.400 --> 00:03:44.000 so he was one of our guests in twenty fifteen. 47 00:03:44.680 --> 00:03:48.719 I know Sven from a long way back, So welcome 48 00:03:49.080 --> 00:03:53.879 to our panelists. Why don't we start with David Wood 49 00:03:53.919 --> 00:03:58.319 because he has some insights as to a few of 50 00:03:58.400 --> 00:04:02.360 the notable presentations that transpired, and then we will go 51 00:04:02.479 --> 00:04:08.680 to Jose Cordero. He has actually some slides from his 52 00:04:08.800 --> 00:04:13.719 presentation that he will share with us today, and then 53 00:04:13.719 --> 00:04:17.160 we'll go to Spend for his insights. At least that's 54 00:04:17.199 --> 00:04:21.720 our tentative schedule unless we have other guests making an appearance. 55 00:04:21.720 --> 00:04:22.879 But David, please go ahead. 56 00:04:24.199 --> 00:04:28.279 It's my pleasure, and in case other guests do come in, 57 00:04:28.360 --> 00:04:31.879 please cut me off. I'd just like to highlight a 58 00:04:31.920 --> 00:04:35.360 few of the remarkable talks that I saw, And I 59 00:04:35.399 --> 00:04:38.480 could actually talk about sixty remarkable talks, because there's a 60 00:04:38.480 --> 00:04:41.000 whole bunch of fascinating stuff there. But I'm going to 61 00:04:41.000 --> 00:04:44.399 constrain myself to a smaller number, and I'll start with 62 00:04:44.439 --> 00:04:47.519 a professor who is based in Dublin emm at healing. 63 00:04:48.319 --> 00:04:52.439 She is one of the world's leading researchers into bats. 64 00:04:52.680 --> 00:04:56.399 And what does what do bats have to do with longevity? Well, 65 00:04:56.439 --> 00:04:59.720 it turns out that bats are remarkably long lived for 66 00:04:59.839 --> 00:05:03.920 them a small size. We're used to measuring IQ or 67 00:05:03.959 --> 00:05:08.160 eq whether something called l q a longevity cootient, which 68 00:05:08.240 --> 00:05:14.079 is the expected lifespan divided by the size roughly, because 69 00:05:14.279 --> 00:05:18.240 by and large the smaller organisms are smaller mammals are 70 00:05:18.319 --> 00:05:22.040 at least or birds then they're short of their lives. Well, 71 00:05:22.120 --> 00:05:26.199 bats are. Some species of bats have remarkably long lifespan, 72 00:05:27.120 --> 00:05:30.319 and Emtilan has been studying them and we still don't 73 00:05:30.360 --> 00:05:33.439 know exactly how they manage it despite having their hearts 74 00:05:33.439 --> 00:05:36.879 going thumping away at a great speed. But the one 75 00:05:36.920 --> 00:05:40.000 thing they have is the ability to fight off lots 76 00:05:40.000 --> 00:05:44.120 of viruses. And many of us are afraid of viruses 77 00:05:44.199 --> 00:05:47.680 or bats rather because bats seem to bring viruses to humans, 78 00:05:48.279 --> 00:05:50.800 but on the positive side, they have the ability to 79 00:05:51.319 --> 00:05:54.199 not be defeated by these same viruses, and that's one 80 00:05:54.240 --> 00:05:56.759 thing to learn from them. And another thing to learn 81 00:05:56.800 --> 00:05:59.199 from them is many of them. It seems they're telling 82 00:05:59.240 --> 00:06:01.480 me is don't show. They're telling me to stay the 83 00:06:01.560 --> 00:06:04.360 same size throughout their lives, not all of them. And 84 00:06:04.439 --> 00:06:06.839 it turns out there's not just one species of long 85 00:06:06.879 --> 00:06:09.639 live bat. There are many species of long live bats. 86 00:06:09.680 --> 00:06:12.600 Bats are one of the most successful groups of mammals, 87 00:06:13.120 --> 00:06:15.959 and there are large numbers of different species, and the 88 00:06:16.120 --> 00:06:18.680 likelihood is we can learn lots of different things from 89 00:06:18.879 --> 00:06:24.560 these different bats. So look up Matt Healing. The second 90 00:06:25.079 --> 00:06:28.480 person I want to mention is Jennifer Garrison, who is 91 00:06:28.519 --> 00:06:31.199 the researcher at the Buck and she was one of 92 00:06:31.240 --> 00:06:34.399 a number of professors and speakers who spoke about the 93 00:06:35.399 --> 00:06:39.480 particular aspects of female aging and longevity. And it turns 94 00:06:39.480 --> 00:06:42.120 out there's a whole bunch of things happening in women 95 00:06:42.519 --> 00:06:46.000 or females which are different from aging in males. But 96 00:06:46.040 --> 00:06:49.000 if we understood them better, perhaps we would have insights 97 00:06:49.040 --> 00:06:53.639 into aging all around. She spoke about ovaries, and she said, 98 00:06:53.759 --> 00:06:56.199 we used to think we tend to think of ovaries 99 00:06:56.279 --> 00:06:59.000 as reproductive organs, but it seems they have a much 100 00:06:59.040 --> 00:07:03.040 wider role in the signaling that takes place between all 101 00:07:03.079 --> 00:07:06.800 the organs and women. If you look at the

aging 102 00:07:06.839 --> 00:07:09.560 of different organs, most of them have the same sort 103 00:07:09.600 --> 00:07:12.759 of trajectory. They are quite healthy for most of our lives, 104 00:07:12.839 --> 00:07:15.879 and they all go downhill later in life. All overarays 105 00:07:15.959 --> 00:07:19.959 go downhill much faster, but they don't stop altogether. And 106 00:07:20.000 --> 00:07:24.600 so basically, Jennifer Garrison and many others are arguing that 107 00:07:24.639 --> 00:07:26.720 we should be studying this much more, not just for 108 00:07:26.759 --> 00:07:29.759 the sake of women being healthier for longer, but there 109 00:07:29.759 --> 00:07:34.000 are other things we can learn too. Then there's another 110 00:07:34.199 --> 00:07:38.680 angle on reproductive health. And I'm going to refer here 111 00:07:38.720 --> 00:07:43.399 to Utah Lee, who is a fascinating researcher, and he 112 00:07:43.639 --> 00:07:48.600 has access to a different kind of stem cell. We've 113 00:07:48.639 --> 00:07:52.199 all been looking forward to stem cells doing remarkable things 114 00:07:52.240 --> 00:07:54.959 for medicine and longevity. It hasn't quite lived up to 115 00:07:54.959 --> 00:07:58.560 its promise yet. But he was given by his father, 116 00:07:58.639 --> 00:08:03.720 who is renowned surgeon, quite a while ago stem cells 117 00:08:03.720 --> 00:08:08.920 from a different medium well to be precise an ectopic pregnancy. 118 00:08:09.600 --> 00:08:13.959 So when a baby unfortunately, or rather the embryo unfortunately, 119 00:08:13.959 --> 00:08:17.160 gets stuck in the flopian tube, it very quickly stops 120 00:08:17.160 --> 00:08:19.639 being viable and it can grow, and if it's not 121 00:08:19.759 --> 00:08:22.199 stopped in time, it can damn it. It can cause 122 00:08:22.240 --> 00:08:26.519 their mother's death. And at this stage the bundle of 123 00:08:26.560 --> 00:08:28.839 cells is in two parts. There's the part that would 124 00:08:28.879 --> 00:08:30.680 have become the baby and there's the part that would 125 00:08:30.720 --> 00:08:33.320 have become the placenta. And normally all of this is 126 00:08:33.360 --> 00:08:36.200 thrown away, but it turns out that the placenter in 127 00:08:36.240 --> 00:08:42.240 these topic embryos is particularly good for growing stem cells, 128 00:08:42.600 --> 00:08:44.960 and the advantage of this is that there are no 129 00:08:45.519 --> 00:08:50.159 particular ethical quandaries about using it. These are normally all 130 00:08:50.159 --> 00:08:53.440 thrown away the center, but it's a very young pluscenter, 131 00:08:53.679 --> 00:08:58.679 and so the cell sets cells there particular promise. So 132 00:09:00.639 --> 00:09:02.440 yet has been hanging on to this for a long 133 00:09:02.480 --> 00:09:06.480 time until other aspects of the technology are strong enough. 134 00:09:06.480 --> 00:09:08.600 But it seems that there's a whole bunch of different 135 00:09:08.639 --> 00:09:11.480 play therapies that his group is likely to be able 136 00:09:11.480 --> 00:09:15.200 to bring to the market. So stem cells and the 137 00:09:15.279 --> 00:09:18.159 exosomes that often come with them are examples of additive 138 00:09:18.240 --> 00:09:21.639 technologies ways of helping people to live longer by adding 139 00:09:21.679 --> 00:09:24.759 things into bodies. Well, the next two speakers I want 140 00:09:24.759 --> 00:09:29.080 to mention both talked about subtractive technologies. That's things we 141 00:09:29.080 --> 00:09:32.000 can put into the body to subtract aspects of what's 142 00:09:32.039 --> 00:09:34.279 gone wrong in our body. So I want to talk 143 00:09:34.320 --> 00:09:38.039 about nanotics. And if you haven't seen the presentations about 144 00:09:38.200 --> 00:09:42.320 nanotics before given by lou Hawthorne, who is their CEO, 145 00:09:42.559 --> 00:09:45.440 I recommended you spend some time looking at these presentations. 146 00:09:45.440 --> 00:09:50.200 There are some online. They are remarkably engaging. What they 147 00:09:50.279 --> 00:09:54.759 have there is the ability to remove molecules from what's 148 00:09:54.799 --> 00:09:58.519 called the signal om. This is not the genome, it's 149 00:09:58.559 --> 00:10:01.480 not the epigenome, it's not the metabolum. The signal home 150 00:10:01.600 --> 00:10:04.480 is the set of molecules which are used to signal 151 00:10:05.000 --> 00:10:10.639 between different parts of the body. And there's a lot 152 00:10:10.759 --> 00:10:15.440 of molecules which can go past their useful time. They 153 00:10:15.440 --> 00:10:19.679 can be floating in soluble form in the blood and 154 00:10:20.960 --> 00:10:23.840 the causing damage later on. It's a bit like the 155 00:10:23.879 --> 00:10:29.000 immune reaction, you know, when you have inflammation to start 156 00:10:29.000 --> 00:10:32.480 off with. It's good because the body needs to apply 157 00:10:32.600 --> 00:10:35.919 lots of attention to something that's sick on invader. But 158 00:10:36.000 --> 00:10:40.360 if that inflammation goes on too long, it can be 159 00:10:40.440 --> 00:10:43.679 very damaging. It's called inflammaging. Well, in the same way, 160 00:10:43.720 --> 00:10:48.080 there are lots of molecules that need to be removed, 161 00:10:48.240 --> 00:10:50.279 and it's been very hard to remove them up till 162 00:10:50.320 --> 00:10:53.320 now because anything that removes them, any drug that removes them, 163 00:10:53.759 --> 00:10:57.840 often damages the same cells when they are not yet 164 00:10:58.200 --> 00:11:01.879 in the bloodstream. They are to be activated and the 165 00:11:01.919 --> 00:11:05.679 body still needs these membrane based cells. And what blue 166 00:11:05.720 --> 00:11:09.440 Hawthorne and his team have developed are nanautics, and this 167 00:11:09.480 --> 00:11:16.759 sounds a bit like nanotechnology. It's nanosized, little four layer molecules. 168 00:11:17.120 --> 00:11:20.200 It's

very clever how they're constructed, and you can program 169 00:11:20.279 --> 00:11:23.360 them so they will remove the soluble versions but leave 170 00:11:23.440 --> 00:11:27.679 their membrane versions alone. And he can tackle lots of 171 00:11:27.720 --> 00:11:31.799 different diseases and also lots of different aspects of aging. 172 00:11:32.120 --> 00:11:35.919 So he has been building up his understanding and his 173 00:11:36.200 --> 00:11:38.840 technology for a number of years and it seems that 174 00:11:38.879 --> 00:11:41.039 he has got more funding than ever before. He's still 175 00:11:41.039 --> 00:11:44.960 looking for more funding, but that was encouraging. Somebody else 176 00:11:45.000 --> 00:11:51.360 who has got fascinating subtractive technology is Matthew O'Connor from cyclarity, 177 00:11:51.960 --> 00:11:54.720 which by the way, was span out from sense some 178 00:11:54.879 --> 00:11:58.440 time ago. And they have also a platform, So nanotics 179 00:11:58.519 --> 00:12:03.600 is one type of platform to remove elements of damage, 180 00:12:04.240 --> 00:12:07.879 but targeting it very precisely well. Once cyclarity. I've got 181 00:12:07.960 --> 00:12:13.360 these particular expertise in something called cyclodextrins. I'm not going 182 00:12:13.440 --> 00:12:16.360 to try and describe a cyclodextrin, I'll surely get it wrong, 183 00:12:16.879 --> 00:12:19.720 but it can be tailored to a very precise geometry 184 00:12:19.799 --> 00:12:24.519 so that it attaches just to one particular molecule that 185 00:12:24.639 --> 00:12:28.519 is causing damage. And like nanautics can be targeted at 186 00:12:28.559 --> 00:12:32.559 many different sources of damage. Also, these cyclodextrins can be 187 00:12:32.600 --> 00:12:37.679 targeted many but the lead target for cyclarity is something 188 00:12:37.720 --> 00:12:41.840 that kills huge numbers of people. It's the cause of 189 00:12:41.840 --> 00:12:45.759 off rosclerosis. That's when there's too much junk accumulates in 190 00:12:45.799 --> 00:12:49.480 our arter RaSE and it's caused by macrophage is not 191 00:12:49.559 --> 00:12:52.559 being able to properly clear certain kinds of cholesterol. And 192 00:12:52.559 --> 00:12:58.000 there's one molecule called seven keyso cholesterol. Well, Matthew Connor 193 00:12:58.039 --> 00:13:01.799 AND's team have come up with cyclodextra and that's precisely 194 00:13:01.840 --> 00:13:05.159 targeted to remove this and this is very good news 195 00:13:05.279 --> 00:13:08.960 because people who have been accumulating this junk in our 196 00:13:09.120 --> 00:13:11.519 art race. We can use statins to slow down the 197 00:13:11.639 --> 00:13:14.519 pace of accumulation, but there's been nothing up to now 198 00:13:14.559 --> 00:13:18.840 to remove it, and so that's very encouraging too. And 199 00:13:19.000 --> 00:13:21.279 in both cases I expect there will be lots of 200 00:13:21.320 --> 00:13:25.919 different solutions coming. But having spoken positively, the last of 201 00:13:25.960 --> 00:13:29.840 the six people I'm going to mention is Andrew Steel. 202 00:13:30.519 --> 00:13:35.679 Andrew still believes passionately in the ability of these technologies 203 00:13:35.720 --> 00:13:39.720 to help undo aging, but he thinks that by default 204 00:13:39.799 --> 00:13:42.120 it's going to take a long time. So he spoke 205 00:13:42.480 --> 00:13:45.679 in the final session along as it happens with Brian Kennedy. 206 00:13:46.120 --> 00:13:49.440 They were anticipating what might happen by twenty thirty five, 207 00:13:49.840 --> 00:13:54.600 and under Steell's forecast is that unless things change significantly, 208 00:13:54.840 --> 00:13:57.759 we're still only going to be making modest progress, probably 209 00:13:57.960 --> 00:14:01.279 by twenty thirty five. On the other hand, he sees 210 00:14:01.360 --> 00:14:03.480 lots of ways in which that progress could speed up. 211 00:14:03.879 --> 00:14:08.360 But in each case, guess what's missing is funding. So 212 00:14:08.519 --> 00:14:12.759 Andrew's presentation when it comes online, I recommend all of 213 00:14:12.799 --> 00:14:15.840 you watch it. He is not just a scientist, he 214 00:14:15.960 --> 00:14:20.200 is an excellent science communicator and Out of many good 215 00:14:20.240 --> 00:14:23.639 presentations that I saw, Andrews was about top of the bunch. 216 00:14:23.679 --> 00:14:26.200 I didn't see all of them, so I apologize for 217 00:14:26.679 --> 00:14:31.000 if I didn't highlight all the great presentations. But Andrew's 218 00:14:31.000 --> 00:14:34.120 presentation says, well, we're probably going to need up to 219 00:14:34.320 --> 00:14:38.519 one hundred billion dollars to be released some stage early, 220 00:14:38.600 --> 00:14:41.159 hopefully in the next ten years, and if we can 221 00:14:41.200 --> 00:14:44.279 do that, we'll have enough to tackle many different hallmarks 222 00:14:44.320 --> 00:14:48.840 of aging and many types of damage simultaneously. Andrew thinks 223 00:14:48.840 --> 00:14:52.200 it's possible that I try addressing one type of damage 224 00:14:52.279 --> 00:14:54.759 might be enough to fix all the other types as well, 225 00:14:55.200 --> 00:14:57.679 but it's unlikely. He thinks we're going to need lots 226 00:14:57.720 --> 00:15:01.559 of different approaches and parallel So one hundred billion dollars 227 00:15:02.240 --> 00:15:03.960 and that's not so much when you look at it 228 00:15:03.960 --> 00:15:06.039 from one point of view, which is there are probably 229 00:15:06.080 --> 00:15:10.080 a billion adults in reasonably well off parts of the world, 230 00:15:10.279 --> 00:15:13.360 and if each such adult had one hundred dollars to give, 231 00:15:13.840 --> 00:15:15.879 we would get up to one hundred billion. So what's 232 00:15:15.879 --> 00:15:19.759 holding us up? And Andrew has created a new institute 233 00:15:19.840 --> 00:15:23.720 called the Long Jevity Institute.

You've got to type all 234 00:15:23.720 --> 00:15:26.480 these three words in if you type just longevity Institute, 235 00:15:26.519 --> 00:15:29.799 you'll go to something else altogether, but their Longevity Institute 236 00:15:29.840 --> 00:15:32.639 dot com. There's nothing much there now. But he has 237 00:15:32.759 --> 00:15:35.039 just announced this institute and what they're trying to do 238 00:15:35.720 --> 00:15:39.320 is to come up with policy recommendations to governments to 239 00:15:39.799 --> 00:15:44.440 encourage governments to apply much more funding in this area. 240 00:15:44.519 --> 00:15:46.399 And many other people have said, well, we've got to 241 00:15:46.440 --> 00:15:50.159 have petitions to the governments to encourage them to pay 242 00:15:50.639 --> 00:15:56.919 attention to this field. Will Andrew's trying to, yeah, longevity initiative. 243 00:15:57.440 --> 00:15:59.639 I think it's the Longevity Institute. No, it is called 244 00:15:59.679 --> 00:16:02.919 the Long the Institute. I looked it up earlier. And 245 00:16:02.919 --> 00:16:07.759 Andrew is coming up with the recommendations which will cause 246 00:16:08.039 --> 00:16:13.200 the holders of public postings to make donations. So he 247 00:16:13.360 --> 00:16:17.200 has created this together with a Bulgarian lawyer based in 248 00:16:17.279 --> 00:16:21.080 London called Kamen Scholev. It's a bit too early for 249 00:16:21.120 --> 00:16:23.559 them to say much about it, but I expect he'll 250 00:16:23.559 --> 00:16:28.320 be on a future Franchiumunist Party Virtual and kimin Salen 251 00:16:28.440 --> 00:16:30.360 when he's ready to say more. So it was a 252 00:16:30.399 --> 00:16:33.639 great presentation in terms of here are the possibilities, here's 253 00:16:33.720 --> 00:16:37.279 what's holding up into these possibilities. And with a positive 254 00:16:37.360 --> 00:16:40.240 vision that let's be as smart as possible in finding 255 00:16:40.240 --> 00:16:43.679 a way to talk to political leaders to encourage them 256 00:16:43.759 --> 00:16:47.559 to unleash much more funding and by the way, make 257 00:16:47.679 --> 00:16:52.919 some changes to the regulatory systems as well. So there's 258 00:16:52.960 --> 00:16:57.399 a brief snapshot as to some of the fascinating presentations 259 00:16:57.399 --> 00:16:58.600 which I saw in Dublin. 260 00:17:00.080 --> 00:17:04.200 Yes, thank you very much, David, and I second your 261 00:17:04.319 --> 00:17:09.759 comment about the desirability of having common shoylive come on 262 00:17:09.839 --> 00:17:15.559 to a future virtual Enlightenment salon. He is a lawyer, 263 00:17:15.759 --> 00:17:20.839 and our audience has expressed an interest in hearing more 264 00:17:20.880 --> 00:17:24.599 presentations from people in the legal profession. But he always 265 00:17:24.720 --> 00:17:29.960 has a very interesting angle with regard to any of 266 00:17:30.079 --> 00:17:36.000 the subjects that he discusses. There exceptionally well researched and 267 00:17:36.039 --> 00:17:40.000 he provides a lot of good factual objective background as 268 00:17:40.079 --> 00:17:44.200 to the subjects that he discusses. So I met him 269 00:17:44.319 --> 00:17:50.160 at Vitalist Bay during the Longevity Policy Conference and I 270 00:17:50.200 --> 00:17:53.799 think he would indeed make an excellent guest in regard 271 00:17:53.960 --> 00:17:59.000 to Cyclarity and Matthew O'Connor. I did connect with him 272 00:17:59.440 --> 00:18:05.400 as well during the summit, and we have scheduled what 273 00:18:05.519 --> 00:18:10.640 will hopefully be a segment where he will be providing 274 00:18:10.720 --> 00:18:16.559 some comments in July, but that is to be fully 275 00:18:16.640 --> 00:18:21.039 determined in the coming weeks. But hopefully sometime by the 276 00:18:21.119 --> 00:18:24.680 end of July, we will have a salon featuring Matthew 277 00:18:24.720 --> 00:18:29.039 O'Connor and Cyclarity. And there's a lot more to say 278 00:18:29.279 --> 00:18:33.200 on each of the topics that you mentioned, David, so 279 00:18:33.559 --> 00:18:37.200 thank you very much. But at this time let us 280 00:18:37.240 --> 00:18:43.519 go to doctor Jose Cordero. Jose, please let us know 281 00:18:43.559 --> 00:18:48.920 what you thought of Longevity Summitt Dublin, and also feel 282 00:18:48.960 --> 00:18:50.759 free to deliver your presentation. 283 00:18:52.599 --> 00:18:55.359 Yes, thank you very much, and I agree with many 284 00:18:55.359 --> 00:18:58.920 of the things that David was mentioning because those were 285 00:18:59.000 --> 00:19:02.839 our top presentage, of course. And one of the good 286 00:19:02.880 --> 00:19:06.039 things is that there are longevity conferences. 287 00:19:05.279 --> 00:19:06.319 All over the world. 288 00:19:06.759 --> 00:19:10.519 Now I personally will be going this year to twenty 289 00:19:10.720 --> 00:19:15.680 conferences in twenty different cities. So it's good because we 290 00:19:15.720 --> 00:19:18.079 need to get to the local publics, to the public 291 00:19:18.160 --> 00:19:21.359 in Ireland, to the public in the USA, to the 292 00:19:21.400 --> 00:19:23.079 public in the United Kingdom, etc. 293 00:19:23.559 --> 00:19:24.480 Etc. Etc. 294 00:19:25.440 --> 00:19:29.400 During the Longevity som in Dublin, there were many good presentations. 295 00:19:29.400 --> 00:19:33.240 In fact, there were many many running also in parallel, 296 00:19:33.319 --> 00:19:36.759 so this is the presentation I made in parallel, which 297 00:19:36.799 --> 00:19:39.599 I think should be interesting also for people in the 298 00:19:39.720 --> 00:19:43.160 USA and other parts of the world, because we are 299 00:19:43.599 --> 00:19:49.000 positioned in Madrid as the longevity capital of Europe, which 300 00:19:49.039 --> 00:19:52.000 has been, as you know, the longevity dream, or as 301 00:19:52.039 --> 00:19:55.440 I like to say, immortality, the biggest dream of

humanity 302 00:19:55.480 --> 00:19:58.400 since the beginning, as we know in the Epic of 303 00:19:58.480 --> 00:20:03.720 Hell damageands and thousands of years ago in Mesopotamia written 304 00:20:03.720 --> 00:20:09.000 in Kuneiform writing style, the first book ever written by humans. 305 00:20:09.079 --> 00:20:12.400 Also the Book of the Dead in Egypt four thousand 306 00:20:12.480 --> 00:20:16.759 years old, or Emperor Kinshi Juan who built the Terracotta 307 00:20:17.000 --> 00:20:20.440 Army because he also wanted to be in Morta. In 308 00:20:20.519 --> 00:20:24.240 terms of Spain, there is a long tradition of immortality. 309 00:20:24.720 --> 00:20:27.119 In fact, ose I. 310 00:20:27.079 --> 00:20:31.480 Don't think we see your slides advancing, so the instance 311 00:20:31.559 --> 00:20:36.640 that you've shared is the PowerPoint window rather than the 312 00:20:36.640 --> 00:20:39.400 full screen view there and now we see the Fountain 313 00:20:39.400 --> 00:20:39.759 of youth. 314 00:20:40.559 --> 00:20:41.799 Okay, thank you. 315 00:20:42.240 --> 00:20:46.960 So Juan poncele Leone, you know when he went to 316 00:20:47.279 --> 00:20:51.400 the Americans that were discovered or rediscovered by Spain in 317 00:20:51.440 --> 00:20:54.880 fourteen ninety two, he was looking for the fountain of youth, 318 00:20:55.119 --> 00:20:59.880 and many of the other explorers discoverers were looking for immortality. 319 00:21:00.079 --> 00:21:03.799 So this tradition of immortality is also important in Spain. 320 00:21:04.759 --> 00:21:07.440 Spain two thousand years ago, when it was part of 321 00:21:07.559 --> 00:21:10.839 the Roman Empire, was the end of the Roman Empire 322 00:21:10.880 --> 00:21:13.920 to the west, and that is why Spain was called 323 00:21:13.960 --> 00:21:18.839 the country of non plus ultra, which in Latin means 324 00:21:19.160 --> 00:21:23.200 nothing far beyond, because Spain was the end to the 325 00:21:23.240 --> 00:21:26.240 west of the Roman Empire. But then when America was 326 00:21:26.279 --> 00:21:30.960 discovered or rediscovered in fourteen ninety two, the motto the 327 00:21:31.039 --> 00:21:33.960 logo of Spain was changed to plus. 328 00:21:33.559 --> 00:21:35.119 Ultra plus ultra. 329 00:21:35.480 --> 00:21:38.039 And now we are trying to make it into longevity 330 00:21:38.119 --> 00:21:42.039 and we say we have to move into vita plus ultra. 331 00:21:42.480 --> 00:21:45.400 And this is the law that I'm pursuing in Spain 332 00:21:45.440 --> 00:21:48.599 with many colleagues, to position in Spain as a longevity 333 00:21:49.200 --> 00:21:51.519 country and Madrid as a longevity capital. 334 00:21:52.079 --> 00:21:56.799 So while you're not seeing the slides advance unfortunately, I 335 00:21:56.839 --> 00:21:59.759 think you may be advancing them in the full screen 336 00:21:59.839 --> 00:22:05.240 view you but the view that you're sharing is the 337 00:22:05.279 --> 00:22:09.960 PowerPoint interface. So

let's see what we can do to 338 00:22:10.079 --> 00:22:15.079 change that. Yes, I think you can manually move them, 339 00:22:15.599 --> 00:22:20.160 but you would have to move them within Yes, within 340 00:22:20.200 --> 00:22:21.920 this interface here, yes. 341 00:22:21.720 --> 00:22:27.039 Okay, so you see then Madrid, statistically speaking, it is 342 00:22:27.079 --> 00:22:30.400 a reality. Madrid is the muscil on Jevo's city in 343 00:22:30.440 --> 00:22:34.079 the European Union and in Spanish the muscle on Jevl's 344 00:22:34.079 --> 00:22:38.960 country in the European Union. If you look at the numbers, 345 00:22:39.720 --> 00:22:43.640 Madrid is eighty six point one years. These are not 346 00:22:43.759 --> 00:22:48.920 the Spanish numbers. These are European numbers from Eurostat, which 347 00:22:48.960 --> 00:22:55.759 is the statistical center of Europe. And then you can 348 00:22:55.799 --> 00:23:00.240 see other places that have lower life expectancies. But this 349 00:23:00.359 --> 00:23:04.119 is also interesting to compare to the USA. The USA 350 00:23:04.200 --> 00:23:09.559 has the lowest life expectancy among advanced nations, with only 351 00:23:09.680 --> 00:23:13.960 seventy eight now picking back up to seventy nine after COVID. 352 00:23:14.519 --> 00:23:18.279 It's still very much lower than in Europe. So there 353 00:23:18.319 --> 00:23:21.519 are many things to be learned about the European experience, 354 00:23:21.680 --> 00:23:26.920 and particularly the Spanish experience and the Madrid experience. It 355 00:23:27.039 --> 00:23:30.960 is true that there are some other countries. Among larger countries, 356 00:23:31.079 --> 00:23:35.799 only Japan has a larger life expectancy, and then there 357 00:23:35.839 --> 00:23:37.680 are small countries. 358 00:23:38.319 --> 00:23:40.359 You could name, maybe Hong Kong. 359 00:23:42.880 --> 00:23:47.759 Switzerland also has a probably longer life expectancy. And in 360 00:23:47.799 --> 00:23:50.759 the Vatican in Rome. In the Vatican they say they 361 00:23:50.799 --> 00:23:56.119 are already immortals, so that is also another thing to consider. 362 00:23:56.200 --> 00:24:00.119 But the trends in Spain keep on going up. There 363 00:24:00.119 --> 00:24:02.559 are many studies that show that in the next twenty 364 00:24:02.680 --> 00:24:09.400 years Spain will overtake Japan and leave behind China and 365 00:24:09.480 --> 00:24:11.000 the USA in terms. 366 00:24:10.720 --> 00:24:11.880 Of life expectancy. 367 00:24:12.400 --> 00:24:15.079 That is the reason why I was a candidate for 368 00:24:15.160 --> 00:24:18.839 the European Parliament in the last two elections in two 369 00:24:18.920 --> 00:24:23.200 thousand nineteen and then again in twenty twenty four. And 370 00:24:23.279 --> 00:24:26.400 my goal is that we do something in Europe in 371 00:24:26.480 --> 00:24:29.640 terms of life expectancy, because not only do we have 372 00:24:30.720 --> 00:24:34.119 larger life expectancies than the USA and many other places, 373 00:24:34.160 --> 00:24:39.640 but there is no national or European institute of anti aging. 374 00:24:40.079 --> 00:24:44.359 So my goal was to create the European Anti Aging Agency. 375 00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:47.640 Many of these ideas I had the pleasure to develop 376 00:24:47.720 --> 00:24:51.559 with my friend they would that just spoke and we 377 00:24:51.640 --> 00:24:55.599 wrote a book that came out just before the elections 378 00:24:55.640 --> 00:24:59.960 to the European Parliament that helped to position these ideas. 379 00:24:59.599 --> 00:25:00.559 The Death of Death. 380 00:25:01.079 --> 00:25:04.759 And when the book came out, it was immediately number 381 00:25:04.839 --> 00:25:10.559 one and number five simultaneously in Amazon number one in 382 00:25:10.759 --> 00:25:15.480 paper and number five in kindled. This was obviously in Spanish, 383 00:25:15.680 --> 00:25:18.160 but then it has been coming out in many more languages. 384 00:25:18.480 --> 00:25:21.559 We have been donated all the royalties the book rights 385 00:25:22.240 --> 00:25:26.160 to two institutions for the Spanish edition, the SENSE Research 386 00:25:26.200 --> 00:25:30.519 Foundation in the USA and a Spanish organization called. 387 00:25:30.400 --> 00:25:32.319 A Padrina las Ciencia. 388 00:25:33.160 --> 00:25:35.960 The book also has the produg of Aubrey de Gray 389 00:25:36.279 --> 00:25:41.160 and the epilogue of my friend Alex Chavoronkov. The book 390 00:25:41.200 --> 00:25:44.759 now is soon going to be in over twenty languages 391 00:25:44.799 --> 00:25:49.640 by next year. It has sometimes different titles in different languages, 392 00:25:49.880 --> 00:25:52.680 but the book is doing very well, especially in the 393 00:25:52.759 --> 00:25:57.400 three top languages of the world, which are Spanish, English 394 00:25:57.519 --> 00:26:01.440 and Chinese. And then again that is why we want 395 00:26:01.480 --> 00:26:06.839 to organize this activity in Madrid, the International Longevity Sawmit. 396 00:26:07.400 --> 00:26:10.400 This will be the second time we organized it. Last 397 00:26:10.480 --> 00:26:14.279 year it was the first time, coinciding with October first. 398 00:26:14.839 --> 00:26:20.079 Why October first, because that is International Longevity Day and 399 00:26:20.559 --> 00:26:23.920 last year we had about three hundred participants. This year 400 00:26:23.960 --> 00:26:28.640 we plan to have hopefully five hundred participants, which will 401 00:26:28.680 --> 00:26:32.519 position our event as the biggest event not only in Spain, 402 00:26:32.599 --> 00:26:36.559 but the second biggest in Europe after the conference in 403 00:26:36.599 --> 00:26:42.319 Copenhagen ard the Aging Research and drug Discovery. We will 404 00:26:42.359 --> 00:26:45.839 do it in a very important place in the College 405 00:26:45.960 --> 00:26:50.559 of Medical Doctors of Spain. This is a very important

institution. 406 00:26:51.000 --> 00:26:54.559 It compiles all the medical doctors of Spain and they 407 00:26:54.599 --> 00:26:57.680 are fifty five thousand medical doctors in Spain. 408 00:26:58.839 --> 00:27:01.240 That is a large, very important number. 409 00:27:01.680 --> 00:27:04.920 And we will do it in the most beautiful Amphitheater 410 00:27:05.400 --> 00:27:10.960 of Spain, Classical Amphitheater, which is where the Nobel Prize 411 00:27:11.000 --> 00:27:16.279 winner from Spain in Medicine, Santiago ramon Ikahal gave his lectures. 412 00:27:16.319 --> 00:27:23.279 A beautiful place, a beautiful speakers. We are bringing speakers 413 00:27:23.319 --> 00:27:27.160 from all over the world, beginning also with Madrid. The 414 00:27:27.319 --> 00:27:31.640 Mayor of Madrid will be speaking at the conference, and 415 00:27:31.680 --> 00:27:34.599 not only because Madrid is the most longeveals city in 416 00:27:34.640 --> 00:27:38.200 the European Union, but because we need to push this 417 00:27:38.319 --> 00:27:41.839 idea in Spain, in Europe and throughout the world that 418 00:27:41.960 --> 00:27:45.519 it is possible to have longer life expectancies. And we 419 00:27:45.559 --> 00:27:49.119 are going to declare Madrid as a real blue zone 420 00:27:49.519 --> 00:27:52.559 or a blue zone two point zero, because the blue 421 00:27:52.640 --> 00:27:55.440 zones now are not real, they. 422 00:27:55.279 --> 00:27:56.680 Are basically marketing. 423 00:27:57.240 --> 00:27:59.640 There are a few things which are important, of course, 424 00:28:00.079 --> 00:28:04.839 the diet, exercise, family relations, all of those things that 425 00:28:04.880 --> 00:28:08.359 we have for example in Spain or in Madrid. But 426 00:28:08.440 --> 00:28:12.039 it is important to be able to scientifically prove if 427 00:28:12.079 --> 00:28:14.640 this is so, and we are going to be presenting 428 00:28:14.880 --> 00:28:19.079 three top studies about why Spain and Madrid have the 429 00:28:19.079 --> 00:28:24.680 longest expectancy in Europe. One by the top management consulting 430 00:28:24.720 --> 00:28:29.680 company McKinsey, actually the McKinsey Health Institute that takes Madrid 431 00:28:29.680 --> 00:28:33.519 as the example of a longevos city. Also by the 432 00:28:33.599 --> 00:28:37.240 National Science Foundation of Spain, which is the top scientific 433 00:28:37.279 --> 00:28:42.759 institution in Spain, and also the Royal Academy of Medicine Spain, 434 00:28:42.799 --> 00:28:46.400 as you know, has top scientists like Juan Carlos Is 435 00:28:46.440 --> 00:28:52.400 with Sua Belmonte, who was before one of the directors 436 00:28:52.440 --> 00:28:56.559 of the Salt Institute in La Joya, San Diego, California, 437 00:28:56.640 --> 00:29:01.319 and now he's part of Altoslabs. One of the investors, 438 00:29:01.359 --> 00:29:04.079 as you know, is Jeff Bezos. By the way, Jeff 439 00:29:04.119 --> 00:29:08.160 Bezos was in Madrid for his bachelor's party, and we 440 00:29:08.319 --> 00:29:12.200 will have our party, the Longevity Party, in the same 441 00:29:12.279 --> 00:29:17.119 place where Jeff Bezos had his bachelor party. We have 442 00:29:17.279 --> 00:29:20.880 been bringing many top people scientists, like we brought also 443 00:29:20.960 --> 00:29:25.440 a couple of years ago Shinya Yamanaka for another special 444 00:29:25.599 --> 00:29:29.440 activity with the College of Medical Doctors in Spain, and 445 00:29:29.480 --> 00:29:32.440 we will be talking about the things coming up, like 446 00:29:32.720 --> 00:29:37.640 I'm very excited about the ex prize Foundation and Evolution 447 00:29:37.920 --> 00:29:41.839 Price that my friend Peter Diamand is announced in a 448 00:29:42.000 --> 00:29:46.240 read in Saudi Arabia in November of twenty twenty three. 449 00:29:46.680 --> 00:29:50.880 There are over six hundred teams participating in this out 450 00:29:50.920 --> 00:29:54.000 of which five are Spanish and one of the top 451 00:29:54.160 --> 00:29:57.920 forty that is the highest ranking as of now, one 452 00:29:58.000 --> 00:30:01.160 of the top forty is a Spanish team, so we 453 00:30:01.200 --> 00:30:05.039 are very proud to have Spanish teams. We also want 454 00:30:05.119 --> 00:30:08.160 to invite you to come to Madrid and to see 455 00:30:08.200 --> 00:30:12.200 the country which is beautiful. Spain, together with Italy and 456 00:30:12.240 --> 00:30:16.559 together with China, are the top three countries in UNESCO 457 00:30:16.799 --> 00:30:21.920 World Heritage Sites, and many of these sites are around Madrid, 458 00:30:22.319 --> 00:30:24.400 so we want you to come with us to see 459 00:30:24.440 --> 00:30:27.720 the beauties of Spain and to understand why we need 460 00:30:27.759 --> 00:30:30.640 to live longer to see these places to learn from 461 00:30:30.680 --> 00:30:34.920 other cultures. For example, we will see the Roman Aquaedu 462 00:30:35.160 --> 00:30:38.680 of Segovia. Actually my mother is from Segovia, so I'm 463 00:30:38.799 --> 00:30:43.839 very proud. This is the biggest, longest, oldest Roman aquaduct 464 00:30:44.079 --> 00:30:49.359 still standing up over two thousand in Segovia. We will 465 00:30:49.359 --> 00:30:52.920 also see the beautiful al Castle, the Segovia, the Castle 466 00:30:53.000 --> 00:30:56.640 of Segovia. There was the inspiration for Nouin sch Einstein 467 00:30:57.160 --> 00:31:00.839 in Bavaria in Germany and for the Disney and Castle 468 00:31:01.240 --> 00:31:04.279 in Disneyland. If you have been to Disneyland anyway. The 469 00:31:04.359 --> 00:31:08.119 conference will be fantastic. We will have a lot of 470 00:31:08.400 --> 00:31:11.960 side activities as well. We will have fantastic Spanish food, 471 00:31:12.240 --> 00:31:18.079 Mediterranean diet. We will launch the Madrid Longevity Declaration, explaining 472 00:31:18.240 --> 00:31:21.640 why Madrid is the leading city in Europe and in 473 00:31:21.680 -->

00:31:25.880 Spain the leading country. We will have also films documentaries 474 00:31:26.160 --> 00:31:30.240 like Longevity Hackers that we actually filmed part of it 475 00:31:30.440 --> 00:31:34.480 in the medical college in Madrid, since I am an 476 00:31:34.519 --> 00:31:37.759 advisor to that film and one of the people interviewed. 477 00:31:38.000 --> 00:31:40.119 And we will have a rally. We will have a 478 00:31:40.240 --> 00:31:45.200 march throughout Madrid. We will begin at the famous City 479 00:31:45.240 --> 00:31:48.839 Hall of Spain, which is where Real Madrid, the best 480 00:31:48.960 --> 00:31:52.440 football team, the best soccer team in the world, celebrates 481 00:31:52.480 --> 00:31:57.400 continuously and we will be carrying flags, We will have balloons, 482 00:31:57.559 --> 00:32:00.759 we will have banners, we will have t shirts, teachers 483 00:32:00.839 --> 00:32:04.799 saying and stop aging in Spanish. Of course aging is 484 00:32:04.880 --> 00:32:08.160 long in Spanish and the hesibiento, but we will be 485 00:32:08.240 --> 00:32:11.920 talking about the stop and thejcimiento in the city Hall, 486 00:32:12.880 --> 00:32:16.640 in the Government of Spain, in the Congress of Spain, 487 00:32:18.799 --> 00:32:21.960 and also in the European Parliament. 488 00:32:21.559 --> 00:32:22.880 Offices in Spain. 489 00:32:23.400 --> 00:32:26.359 So we are very proud about taking public opinion to 490 00:32:26.480 --> 00:32:30.519 understand how important longevity is. We will also have prices. 491 00:32:30.559 --> 00:32:35.519 We will have the Sibelius price. Sibelius is the symbol 492 00:32:35.680 --> 00:32:42.319 of Madrid and she was a Turkish goddess twenty thousand 493 00:32:42.400 --> 00:32:45.720 years ago, a goddess from Turkey, and she is a 494 00:32:45.839 --> 00:32:49.599 symbol of fecunity at longevity. So we will have prices. 495 00:32:49.640 --> 00:32:53.799 Like last year, we also gave a posthumous award to 496 00:32:53.960 --> 00:32:57.559 Maria Branias, who was the oldest living person in the 497 00:32:57.680 --> 00:33:01.519 world until she died last year just before our conference. 498 00:33:01.799 --> 00:33:04.799 She was going to speak virtually in our conference, but 499 00:33:04.920 --> 00:33:08.279 sadly she died at the age of one hundred and 500 00:33:08.319 --> 00:33:12.400 seventeen days and one hundred and sixty No one hundred 501 00:33:12.400 --> 00:33:15.839 and seventeen years and one hundred and sixty eight days anyway, 502 00:33:15.920 --> 00:33:19.839 so we will have the Civilis Longevity words in Madrid. 503 00:33:20.160 --> 00:33:23.519 We have had incredible media coverage. We were in all 504 00:33:23.559 --> 00:33:28.599 the media in Spain and also internationally in many different publications. 505 00:33:28.640 --> 00:33:30.799 So we are very proud and we taught. 506 00:33:31.240 --> 00:33:36.079 We have incredible responsor institutions like the top institutions of 507 00:33:36.200 --> 00:33:39.920 Spain that I mentioned, the College of Medical Doctors, the 508 00:33:40.079 --> 00:33:44.119 Royal Academy of Medicine of Spain, the Government of Madrid, 509 00:33:44.400 --> 00:33:48.400 the Innovation Center of Madrid, and we have an incredible 510 00:33:48.440 --> 00:33:52.799 scientific committee led by George. George who will be one 511 00:33:53.000 --> 00:33:58.160 of our speakers, and I think everybody knows Church, so 512 00:33:58.359 --> 00:34:02.160 no explanation needed for him him, And so all of 513 00:34:02.160 --> 00:34:06.319 you are welcome for the UNESCO World Heritage Visits September 514 00:34:06.319 --> 00:34:10.039 twenteen and thirteen, and for the Longevity Summit October first 515 00:34:10.039 --> 00:34:10.599 and second. 516 00:34:10.719 --> 00:34:13.360 So as I like to say to all my friends, 517 00:34:13.920 --> 00:34:16.079 live long and prosper. 518 00:34:17.119 --> 00:34:20.800 All right, thank you Jose and of course we should 519 00:34:20.840 --> 00:34:24.320 all live long and prosper. And for those of you 520 00:34:24.639 --> 00:34:28.639 who would like to attend Transvision Madrid, here again is 521 00:34:28.679 --> 00:34:33.320 the website Transvisionmadrid dot com. Let's show Jose with the 522 00:34:33.440 --> 00:34:35.559 stop aging shirt in Spain. 523 00:34:36.079 --> 00:34:37.119 So here he is. 524 00:34:37.960 --> 00:34:42.400 And you had balloons that also had this design as well, 525 00:34:42.440 --> 00:34:44.840 and you had the flag. 526 00:34:44.480 --> 00:34:46.599 Of Spain with you. 527 00:34:46.599 --> 00:34:51.840 You brought it on our let's say, extracurricular excursions around 528 00:34:51.880 --> 00:34:58.639 town as well. Oh, we're going to see the balloon. Excellent, excellent, Yes, 529 00:34:59.000 --> 00:35:03.679 So these have been quite popular in Spain during the 530 00:35:03.719 --> 00:35:08.079 longevity marches that you have done. They've attracted a lot 531 00:35:08.119 --> 00:35:10.760 of attention, a lot of interest. You've said in a 532 00:35:10.800 --> 00:35:14.920 previous presentation that even the police have joined in the 533 00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:20.000 marches with you. So I look forward to seeing what 534 00:35:20.039 --> 00:35:24.920 you're able to achieve there this year. And we have 535 00:35:25.079 --> 00:35:30.719 some good words from our attendees. So first of all, 536 00:35:30.920 --> 00:35:35.679 Alberto Aparicio, who was also there at the summit, writes 537 00:35:35.719 --> 00:35:40.400 great panelists and coverage of the summit. Luis has some 538 00:35:41.000 --> 00:35:45.679 words of praise for David Wood keeping transhumanism alive across 539 00:35:45.719 --> 00:35:51.199 the Pond. And then with regard to the Death of 540 00:35:51.280 --> 00:35:54.920 Death book, Mike Lausine writes, well done Jose and David. 541 00:35:55.960 --> 00:36:01.159 Jason Geringer likes the theater in which Transision Madrid will 542 00:36:01.159 --> 00:36:04.519 be held

and Michael Zine agrees that was a beautiful theater, 543 00:36:04.920 --> 00:36:09.480 great architecture. So thank you to our audience for these comments, 544 00:36:09.519 --> 00:36:14.440 and we will discuss more as the salon progresses. Now, 545 00:36:14.559 --> 00:36:18.840 I would like to invite then Vulteris to provide his 546 00:36:19.119 --> 00:36:23.760 impressions of the twenty twenty five Longevity Summer Dublin. 547 00:36:24.840 --> 00:36:29.039 Okay, hello everyone, can you see my slights? 548 00:36:29.840 --> 00:36:32.800 Yes, just a moment, Yes, here it is. 549 00:36:32.920 --> 00:36:35.840 Yes, okay, So yeah, I just took a few pictures 550 00:36:35.880 --> 00:36:38.599 from the conference and I put them in a PowerPoint presentation. 551 00:36:39.519 --> 00:36:42.039 So yeah, the quality is maybe not the best, but 552 00:36:42.440 --> 00:36:45.679 we have to do with what we have. How can 553 00:36:45.760 --> 00:36:49.920 I start After the amazing samway that David already gave us, 554 00:36:50.719 --> 00:36:53.320 he touched upon many of the great lectures that were 555 00:36:53.360 --> 00:36:56.719 given that I would also like to highlight, For example, 556 00:36:56.760 --> 00:36:58.280 Emma Dieling's lecture. 557 00:36:58.360 --> 00:36:59.960 I was not familiar with her before. 558 00:37:00.960 --> 00:37:03.800 She presented a lot of unpublished data, and you know, 559 00:37:04.039 --> 00:37:07.239 there's nothing greater when you are at a conference when 560 00:37:07.679 --> 00:37:11.239 unpublished data get presented, because published data you can read 561 00:37:11.679 --> 00:37:14.800 at home, but unpublished data you obviously can't read. So 562 00:37:14.880 --> 00:37:19.039 that's always great to learn new things. I saw multiple 563 00:37:19.119 --> 00:37:23.840 lectures that I had seen before, for example in Berlin 564 00:37:23.960 --> 00:37:27.639 last year, but of course I were updates. So those 565 00:37:27.639 --> 00:37:32.400 were the lectures of Lou Howton, W. Kiproff and Ok O'Connor. 566 00:37:32.599 --> 00:37:35.159 I had seen those before, but I was using them 567 00:37:35.159 --> 00:37:37.280 and that was exciting news. 568 00:37:39.599 --> 00:37:39.760 Uh. 569 00:37:40.159 --> 00:37:44.559 And one other thing we learned that the conference is 570 00:37:45.039 --> 00:37:48.679 what is here on the slide. So you see here 571 00:37:48.719 --> 00:37:53.559 an aging clock, the immunology pace clock. And what was 572 00:37:53.599 --> 00:37:56.639 pointed out here is that you have to be careful 573 00:37:56.719 --> 00:37:59.679 to look at trajectories and not just look at in 574 00:37:59.719 --> 00:38:02.559 diffidgual time points. So here in red you see, for example, 575 00:38:02.679 --> 00:38:06.599 someone who started with a younger biological age, but as 576 00:38:06.639 --> 00:38:10.800 time progressed, that person aged fast, while here you see 577 00:38:10.800 --> 00:38:14.280 someone who started with an older biologically aid, but actually 578 00:38:14.360 --> 00:38:20.559 it's slightly declined over time. So the trajectory is very 579 00:38:20.559 --> 00:38:23.920 important rather than looking at an individual time point. And 580 00:38:24.000 --> 00:38:28.440 there were multiple lectures on various clocks and ways of 581 00:38:28.480 --> 00:38:31.800 measuring epigenetic age of biological age. 582 00:38:32.519 --> 00:38:35.440 So here this was one of the slides that was 583 00:38:35.440 --> 00:38:35.880 put up. 584 00:38:36.280 --> 00:38:40.199 Tom Cruise at sixty vasus Faulkilmer at sixty two both 585 00:38:40.239 --> 00:38:46.159 played in the famous movie together. Since then, val has 586 00:38:46.239 --> 00:38:49.480 died and Tom is still doing quite well, so two 587 00:38:49.519 --> 00:38:53.360 people of about the same age chronologically, but with a 588 00:38:53.559 --> 00:38:59.280 very big difference in health outcomes. And one of the 589 00:38:59.280 --> 00:39:05.079 clocks that was extensively discussed in the conference was this 590 00:39:05.119 --> 00:39:11.400 one that was developed by young Huber, and what they 591 00:39:11.800 --> 00:39:16.320 did is they took sixty clinical parameters to demographics, but 592 00:39:16.400 --> 00:39:20.920 also things about the blot work croup of people and 593 00:39:20.960 --> 00:39:27.280 they made a biological clock from that, and then they 594 00:39:27.400 --> 00:39:30.960 use the principal component analysis, which is a mathematical technique 595 00:39:30.960 --> 00:39:36.440 that allows you to reduce the dimensionality of data and 596 00:39:36.480 --> 00:39:38.920 you get all of these principal components out of it, 597 00:39:39.280 --> 00:39:45.519 and different principal components are associated with different diseases, so 598 00:39:45.920 --> 00:39:49.239 this means it's a clock where you don't just get 599 00:39:49.280 --> 00:39:53.000 a single number out you know you're biologically forty or whatever, 600 00:39:53.360 --> 00:39:57.920 but you actually get more information about your specific disease risk. 601 00:39:58.559 --> 00:40:03.079 And in fact, there was an all there from his collaborate, 602 00:40:05.719 --> 00:40:12.239 uh the name is Canton. I hope that correctly, and 603 00:40:12.320 --> 00:40:17.960 he really showed the clinical application of this clock where 604 00:40:18.000 --> 00:40:22.039 he applied it to real patients and for example, there 605 00:40:22.119 --> 00:40:26.880 was one patient that had a very high principal component. 606 00:40:27.960 --> 00:40:29.599 Was it the first one or what define it was 607 00:40:30.079 --> 00:40:33.159 one of them which was known to be associated with stroke, 608 00:40:33.239 --> 00:40:37.880 and indeed that person died from stroke. And that person 609 00:40:37.960 --> 00:40:42.599 was also biologically way older then she was chronologically uh 610 00:40:42.719 --> 00:40:45.960 and and indeed she was having a very bad health 611

00:40:46.360 --> 00:40:50.800 and died very soon after the measurements. So they showed 612 00:40:50.840 --> 00:40:55.400 also that this clock, uh, this lineage two clock has 613 00:40:55.800 --> 00:40:59.880 very so this is a rock curve and basically the 614 00:41:00.079 --> 00:41:03.119 higher it is, the more rectangular shape it is. So 615 00:41:03.159 --> 00:41:06.679 this is ideal. The better the clock is, and the 616 00:41:06.760 --> 00:41:09.480 clock is better than the other ones that are shown here, 617 00:41:09.559 --> 00:41:15.000 so very great. Then there was also Albid great lecture 618 00:41:16.400 --> 00:41:20.920 and he presented the data on the Roberts Most Rejuvenation trial. 619 00:41:22.159 --> 00:41:24.239 I don't need to tell you about those data because 620 00:41:24.280 --> 00:41:26.719 I have all been on Facebook, so I think everyone 621 00:41:26.760 --> 00:41:29.280 probably has seen them by now. But they are all 622 00:41:29.480 --> 00:41:33.119 hoping to set up the rejuvenation the Roberts Most Resugnation 623 00:41:33.320 --> 00:41:38.280 Teken twile that will be including all of these types 624 00:41:38.320 --> 00:41:41.079 of interventions, so quite a lot more than in the 625 00:41:41.119 --> 00:41:44.400 first one. And they are looking for five to six 626 00:41:44.480 --> 00:41:51.119 million dollars of funding to fund this research. There was 627 00:41:51.159 --> 00:41:56.400 also an update from the Dock Aging Project by Matt Kimberlain. Sadly, 628 00:41:56.920 --> 00:41:59.599 the grant for the continuation of this file was not 629 00:41:59.639 --> 00:42:04.719 really new, but they are submitting a new grant proposal, 630 00:42:04.960 --> 00:42:07.360 and let's have our fingers crossed that they really get this, 631 00:42:07.480 --> 00:42:09.880 because I think this is really great research. 632 00:42:11.000 --> 00:42:13.039 Dogs are a lot. 633 00:42:12.920 --> 00:42:16.239 More clothes to humans than even mynor so this is 634 00:42:16.639 --> 00:42:24.239 very relevant research. And so yeah, what can I say else? Oh, yeah, 635 00:42:24.280 --> 00:42:27.360 of course, But David already mentioned it is the amazing 636 00:42:27.440 --> 00:42:31.360 lecture that Andrew Steele gave, and he's really a person 637 00:42:31.400 --> 00:42:35.480 who is very capable of inspiring people and drumming up 638 00:42:35.880 --> 00:42:39.039 enthusiasm to get off of butts and get to work, 639 00:42:39.920 --> 00:42:43.760 even though he was kind of skeptical because of the 640 00:42:43.840 --> 00:42:49.159 lack of urgency among many people to have to do 641 00:42:49.239 --> 00:42:53.679 something about aging and yet to close. But again this 642 00:42:53.880 --> 00:42:59.280 was also previously mentioned already. There were several one at 643 00:42:59.280 --> 00:43:01.840 the first day of the conference, the pre conference they 644 00:43:01.880 --> 00:43:04.559 actually see and then there was a session within the conference, 645 00:43:05.360 --> 00:43:11.320 both devoted to female health and it's a quite under 646 00:43:11.679 --> 00:43:16.400 studied area of research, and we know from many interventions 647 00:43:16.679 --> 00:43:22.000 that they show sex or specific effects. So if you 648 00:43:22.039 --> 00:43:25.440 look at the IP the Intervention Stesting Program, there are 649 00:43:25.519 --> 00:43:29.519 multiple interventions that are working in males but not in females, 650 00:43:29.639 --> 00:43:33.039 or interventions at work in females but not in males. Already, 651 00:43:33.119 --> 00:43:37.119 effect size of the intervention is quite different between sexes. 652 00:43:40.239 --> 00:43:44.360 So certainly we know about the situation in the United 653 00:43:44.360 --> 00:43:47.000 States where they are actually going back and they are 654 00:43:47.159 --> 00:43:53.000 removing the need of studying sex effects on outcomes in 655 00:43:53.039 --> 00:43:57.480 clinical trials. And I hope they reconsider that because it's 656 00:43:57.519 --> 00:43:59.559 the very important Thank. 657 00:43:59.360 --> 00:44:02.800 You, yes, thank you very much. 658 00:44:02.960 --> 00:44:10.880 Then I appreciate your presentation and overview of the some 659 00:44:10.960 --> 00:44:16.320 of the key speakers and some of the key ideas. 660 00:44:15.920 --> 00:44:17.840 That were presented at the summit. 661 00:44:18.440 --> 00:44:23.639 I will add the Jennifer Garrison, whom David had mentioned, 662 00:44:24.039 --> 00:44:30.880 also spoke extensively about the scope and extent of harm 663 00:44:30.960 --> 00:44:37.360 that cuts to federal funding of scientific research, particularly at 664 00:44:37.440 --> 00:44:42.880 the National Institutes of Health, are inflicting. Indeed, she had 665 00:44:42.880 --> 00:44:50.039 a slide where she mentioned essentially algorithmic approaches, very crude 666 00:44:50.199 --> 00:44:59.039 algorithmic approaches toward denying grant applications and rescinding already given 667 00:44:59.239 --> 00:45:05.239 approval for grants using essentially certain keywords that are banned, 668 00:45:05.400 --> 00:45:08.960 and I noted in the Q and A one of 669 00:45:09.000 --> 00:45:13.320 the phrases that was banned was evidence based. 670 00:45:14.039 --> 00:45:16.039 So it seems that. 671 00:45:16.800 --> 00:45:21.960 The cuts are so sweeping that any proposal that has 672 00:45:22.000 --> 00:45:25.719 a mention of anything evidence based in it is on 673 00:45:25.840 --> 00:45:31.679 the chopping block. And it was discussed that NIH funding 674 00:45:31.719 --> 00:45:35.880 in the United States is by far the predominant source 675 00:45:35.880 --> 00:45:42.639 of funding for scientific research. It dwarfs private industry funding, 676 00:45:42.800 --> 00:45:47.239 philanthropic funding, even funding from large foundations, and that in 677 00:45:47.280 --> 00:45:51.239 itself may be a suboptimal situation in. 678 00:45:51.360 --> 00:45:53.760 That a lot

of researchers are. 679 00:45:53.719 --> 00:45:58.679 Essentially dependent on the whims of the political process now 680 00:45:58.719 --> 00:46:04.239 and when a new faction comes into power, their research 681 00:46:04.320 --> 00:46:07.920 projects are in jeopardy, including the research projects that have 682 00:46:08.000 --> 00:46:12.599 already been initiated. It is actually why I have long 683 00:46:12.679 --> 00:46:16.639 emphasized while government funding of research comes with strings attached, 684 00:46:17.239 --> 00:46:21.199 and one needs to be very careful about those strings 685 00:46:21.239 --> 00:46:25.559 attached because the nature of those strings too can change 686 00:46:25.599 --> 00:46:29.199 over time and can change quite dramatically. So that's an 687 00:46:29.320 --> 00:46:33.400 unfortunate situation. I think it has a lot of longevity 688 00:46:33.440 --> 00:46:37.599 researchers on edge right now, and I definitely gathered a 689 00:46:37.639 --> 00:46:40.800 sense of this now, Dan, do you have any thoughts 690 00:46:40.840 --> 00:46:41.079 on this? 691 00:46:43.519 --> 00:46:46.679 Yeah, Well, you guys can hear me, right, Yeah, I 692 00:46:46.719 --> 00:46:52.000 agree with and everything you just said, and I can 693 00:46:52.039 --> 00:46:53.840 talk more about what's going on in NIH. 694 00:46:54.079 --> 00:46:54.880 People are interested. 695 00:46:55.000 --> 00:46:57.960 But I was actually interested in learning a little more 696 00:46:57.960 --> 00:47:00.719 about the dog gauging project because I remember a year 697 00:47:00.840 --> 00:47:03.519 or two about it, maybe six months ago. 698 00:47:03.400 --> 00:47:04.559 Or a year ago. They were. 699 00:47:06.320 --> 00:47:11.679 It sounded like they were actually looking for private donations. 700 00:47:13.159 --> 00:47:15.159 Yes, so the NIH. 701 00:47:15.599 --> 00:47:20.119 My understanding is the NIH had not renewed the grant 702 00:47:20.199 --> 00:47:24.159 for the dog aging project, and this happened in twenty 703 00:47:24.239 --> 00:47:28.360 twenty three. I remember Aubrey was posting about it on 704 00:47:28.400 --> 00:47:34.039 Twitter as well, noting the tragedy and travesty of this 705 00:47:34.400 --> 00:47:38.760 in his view. And it seems that there was some 706 00:47:38.840 --> 00:47:43.039 philanthropic funding that was found as a bridge for the 707 00:47:43.119 --> 00:47:47.920 dog aging project. So currently it is privately funded. It continues. 708 00:47:48.000 --> 00:47:53.119 But my impression of Matt Caberline's remarks is this was 709 00:47:53.320 --> 00:47:56.199 intended to be temporary. This was intended to keep the 710 00:47:56.280 --> 00:47:59.559 lights on, so to speak. And they are applying for 711 00:47:59.679 --> 00:48:05.480 another their NIH grant now with hopes that they will 712 00:48:05.480 --> 00:48:08.360 be renewed for a five year period. So these grants 713 00:48:08.440 --> 00:48:14.480 apparently are for five years. And David also points out 714 00:48:14.760 --> 00:48:17.440 one of the many words whose presence on a grand 715 00:48:17.519 --> 00:48:21.840 application will cause it to be rejected is measles, and 716 00:48:21.960 --> 00:48:27.000 I think we know whose influence that is. So that's 717 00:48:27.039 --> 00:48:30.880 such an unfortunate situation that this is the crude way 718 00:48:30.920 --> 00:48:32.480 in which grants are being rejected. 719 00:48:32.519 --> 00:48:34.599 But hopefully that answers your question, Dan. 720 00:48:36.480 --> 00:48:41.280 Yeah, No, it's yeah, that their grants are getting canceled 721 00:48:41.400 --> 00:48:45.320 left and right, and there's very severe budget cuts that 722 00:48:45.360 --> 00:48:48.400 have been proposed, I think up to forty percent. 723 00:48:48.920 --> 00:48:54.360 And normally, you know, normally you would say, well that. 724 00:48:56.519 --> 00:49:01.760 You know, the Congress usually overrides whatever the president proposes, 725 00:49:01.800 --> 00:49:04.920 and usually the president doesn't really get what they proposed. 726 00:49:04.920 --> 00:49:12.079 But we just saw a bill that was past, the 727 00:49:12.079 --> 00:49:15.679 so called Big Beautiful Bill, that was largely dictated by Trump, 728 00:49:15.719 --> 00:49:20.119 and so the Republicans seem to just be falling in mind. 729 00:49:20.239 --> 00:49:24.559 So it's a bit scary. And also what surprised me 730 00:49:24.639 --> 00:49:27.880 is they're also looking to cut NASA by up to 731 00:49:27.920 --> 00:49:32.840 fifty percent, which is crazy because NASA's both NIH and 732 00:49:33.000 --> 00:49:38.440 NASA are two of the most popular agencies among the public. 733 00:49:39.320 --> 00:49:44.320 Yes, and NIH and NASA are both agencies that bring 734 00:49:44.400 --> 00:49:51.119 about the greatest return for each dollar spent. It's a 735 00:49:51.159 --> 00:49:56.880 return of many multiples, So I think it's a very 736 00:49:57.320 --> 00:50:00.280 short sighted and ill founded decision. But Dan, please feel 737 00:50:00.280 --> 00:50:02.400 free to say anything else you have on this. 738 00:50:04.840 --> 00:50:06.519 The only I mean the other thing was the way 739 00:50:06.519 --> 00:50:10.840 they did the cuts was very like irrational because they 740 00:50:10.920 --> 00:50:15.960 basically just cut across the board and they had a 741 00:50:16.039 --> 00:50:19.000 goal to centralize a lot of the HR staff who 742 00:50:19.000 --> 00:50:22.800 were in different institutes, but they basically just cut all 743 00:50:22.840 --> 00:50:23.440 the all. 744 00:50:23.360 --> 00:50:30.480 The HR staff before this centralized HR had been set up. 745 00:50:30.760 --> 00:50:34.480 So one of the big issues in ni H is 746 00:50:34.519 --> 00:50:38.320 it's it's very hard to do anything like like hiring 747 00:50:38.639 --> 00:50:41.440 or getting travel funding approved. 748 00:50:41.079 --> 00:50:41.400 Or. 749 00:50:44.239 --> 00:50:48.920

Getting like uh uh, getting funding for your you know, 750 00:50:49.039 --> 00:50:52.760 lab equipment, because they're just there's no staff to process anything. 751 00:50:55.159 --> 00:50:58.440 Indeed, and there were there were. 752 00:50:58.719 --> 00:51:02.599 Also some crazy things that happened at the National Institute 753 00:51:02.599 --> 00:51:08.440 of Aging, like apparently Luigi Ferrucci got an email saying 754 00:51:08.480 --> 00:51:09.760 he was fired. 755 00:51:11.039 --> 00:51:13.440 And then like they rescinded it like the next day 756 00:51:13.519 --> 00:51:14.119 or something. 757 00:51:14.320 --> 00:51:20.159 So yeah, yes, there have been a lot of firings 758 00:51:20.199 --> 00:51:25.599 and recisions at the federal government because of the rather 759 00:51:26.679 --> 00:51:31.119 thoughtlessly enacted DOGE, the so called Department of Government Efficiency, 760 00:51:31.159 --> 00:51:34.360 which itself seems to have floundered, and a lot of 761 00:51:34.400 --> 00:51:37.480 those cuts have been reversed because they were cutting really 762 00:51:37.599 --> 00:51:42.480 essential personnel, like people who were managing the safety of 763 00:51:42.519 --> 00:51:47.400 the nuclear weapons stockpile or the Ebola response, or air 764 00:51:47.440 --> 00:51:52.519 traffic controllers who are already in woefully short supply. But 765 00:51:52.639 --> 00:51:59.199 I can fully identify with your comments about the problems 766 00:51:59.199 --> 00:52:04.159 that arise with excessive centralization of HR functions because the 767 00:52:04.159 --> 00:52:08.840 most qualified individuals to make hiring decisions are those who 768 00:52:08.920 --> 00:52:14.239 will be working with the people who get hired, and therefore, 769 00:52:14.880 --> 00:52:19.119 the less centralized the HR function is, the more autonomy 770 00:52:19.920 --> 00:52:26.360 actual managers within agencies have to hire people, the easier 771 00:52:26.440 --> 00:52:30.559 it would be to find qualified people, because those who 772 00:52:30.559 --> 00:52:33.679 are closer to the work know what the work entails 773 00:52:33.719 --> 00:52:36.679 and know what kinds of skill sets are needed. The 774 00:52:36.880 --> 00:52:41.719 HR people have no idea essentially, I. 775 00:52:41.639 --> 00:52:42.280 Haven't heard that. 776 00:52:42.440 --> 00:52:47.199 I mean, I think generally the HR people just assist 777 00:52:47.280 --> 00:52:51.360 with crossing a lot of paperwork, and most people have 778 00:52:51.440 --> 00:52:56.039 talked to NIH agree that centralizing the HR and centralizing 779 00:52:56.039 --> 00:53:00.760 the IT staff was actually a good idea, just disagree 780 00:53:00.800 --> 00:53:02.119 with how it's being done. 781 00:53:02.360 --> 00:53:04.400 So that's why. 782 00:53:05.519 --> 00:53:09.639 Yeah, Yes, there is a risk though that there would 783 00:53:09.719 --> 00:53:15.199 be people who essentially approach the function as a kind 784 00:53:15.239 --> 00:53:19.639 of check the box exercise, and they may especially be 785 00:53:20.360 --> 00:53:25.239 overly rigid in how they enforce the qualifications for particular positions. 786 00:53:25.639 --> 00:53:28.639 So they are they are they are enforcing more rules, 787 00:53:28.679 --> 00:53:34.119 like right now we an h staff can hire supposedly 788 00:53:34.119 --> 00:53:37.880 you can hire post docs. I've heard it's difficult, but 789 00:53:37.920 --> 00:53:39.719 you can hire post docs, but they can only be 790 00:53:39.840 --> 00:53:41.079 US citizens right now. 791 00:53:43.360 --> 00:53:45.920 And uh, and there's. 792 00:53:46.239 --> 00:53:49.719 Different rules that that keep coming down that are that 793 00:53:49.800 --> 00:53:54.360 are basically being dictated from you know, the highest levels. 794 00:53:55.480 --> 00:53:59.920 So there's more, there's more sort of micromanagement and rules 795 00:54:00.079 --> 00:54:05.280 coming down. Then, say, like the first Trump administration, they're 796 00:54:05.360 --> 00:54:07.159 definitely centralizing control of. 797 00:54:08.239 --> 00:54:09.280 A lot of things. 798 00:54:11.039 --> 00:54:14.800 Yes, that is unfortunate, so I. 799 00:54:14.639 --> 00:54:24.159 Yeah, So Alberto Paricio wrights the He concurs the cuts 800 00:54:24.159 --> 00:54:28.199 in federal funding are concerning for biotechnology and for longevity 801 00:54:28.239 --> 00:54:28.719 as a whole. 802 00:54:29.119 --> 00:54:33.840 David Sinclair's lab in Harvard was deprived from all federal funding, 803 00:54:34.159 --> 00:54:39.559 and David Sinclair had made that announcement on Twitter as well, 804 00:54:39.960 --> 00:54:47.159 So they are essentially having to suspend research projects that 805 00:54:47.239 --> 00:54:54.000 were ongoing unfortunately. And then Luisa Royo notes the private 806 00:54:54.079 --> 00:54:56.760 market may not be able to make up for all 807 00:54:56.840 --> 00:54:59.679 of these cuts. That is the worry right now, because 808 00:54:59.719 --> 00:55:04.159 the other our sources of funding are let's say, much 809 00:55:04.239 --> 00:55:08.480 less abundant than the NIH grants work. 810 00:55:08.519 --> 00:55:12.360 What we need, sorry, what we need is more basic research, 811 00:55:13.559 --> 00:55:17.719 and I think private I'm not sure private funded. Generally, 812 00:55:17.719 --> 00:55:23.280 private funding is mostly for stuff with a more immediate return, 813 00:55:23.760 --> 00:55:27.440 for you know, file check startups and stuff. So I 814 00:55:27.440 --> 00:55:32.480 talked to actually Rainie uh this woman and Rainie Ramani. 815 00:55:32.639 --> 00:55:34.480 She has a they have a book coming out. 816 00:55:36.480 --> 00:55:37.320 On uh. 817 00:55:39.960 --> 00:55:41.719 I don't want to say the title because they're still 818 00:55:41.760 --> 00:55:45.559 finalizing it. But one of the big points is that. 819 00:55:47.079 --> 00:55:50.239 Private funding just isn't enough we need.

820 00:55:50.280 --> 00:55:53.280 We need a lot, a lot of public funding, especially 821 00:55:53.280 --> 00:55:57.039 for the basic aging biology research. 822 00:55:59.280 --> 00:56:04.840 Yes, certainly it is not a good idea and it 823 00:56:04.880 --> 00:56:09.800 does not help anyone to have the prior funding commitments 824 00:56:09.880 --> 00:56:15.760 essentially yanked out from under those researchers. So even those 825 00:56:15.840 --> 00:56:21.639 who would favor privatization of these functions, such as ein 826 00:56:21.760 --> 00:56:26.280 Rand when she wrote about the subject in nineteen sixty two, 827 00:56:26.559 --> 00:56:31.199 would if their sensible support a gradual kind of transition. 828 00:56:31.480 --> 00:56:35.239 So she had a passage where she was asked, essentially, 829 00:56:35.280 --> 00:56:37.440 what would she do if you were president of the 830 00:56:37.559 --> 00:56:42.199 United States in terms of transitioning the economy from one 831 00:56:42.280 --> 00:56:45.320 with heavy government intervention to more of a lais a 832 00:56:45.400 --> 00:56:49.480 faire economy. And she said, well, she would decontrol gradually, 833 00:56:49.599 --> 00:56:53.320 because so many people's plans, including those of people in 834 00:56:53.320 --> 00:56:57.159 the private sector, are dependent on the current government programs, 835 00:56:57.199 --> 00:57:01.079 the current rules, and you can't just suddenly end them 836 00:57:01.719 --> 00:57:07.159 and expect that people would instantaneously adjust. There are a 837 00:57:07.159 --> 00:57:13.119 lot of projects in progress that very understandably were dependent 838 00:57:13.320 --> 00:57:16.000 on these funds, are dependent on the current structures. So 839 00:57:16.960 --> 00:57:21.159 the way in which it happened, the sudden and arbitrary 840 00:57:21.239 --> 00:57:25.480 nature of it, is unfortunately going to do a lot 841 00:57:25.480 --> 00:57:30.239 of damage. Alberto Aparisio rights, we're living a war on science, 842 00:57:30.320 --> 00:57:33.119 very concerning, especially as other countries will continue to make 843 00:57:33.159 --> 00:57:34.599 progress like China. 844 00:57:35.039 --> 00:57:35.360 Now. 845 00:57:35.639 --> 00:57:40.159 Jason Geringer has made some comments that actually relate to 846 00:57:41.119 --> 00:57:44.320 a lot of the topics that we're discussed at the 847 00:57:44.719 --> 00:57:48.679 Longevity Summit. He writes, on the plus side, a lot 848 00:57:48.719 --> 00:57:52.079 of this AI research has been coming out in an 849 00:57:52.119 --> 00:57:53.519 open source manner. 850 00:57:53.559 --> 00:57:55.480 Once the cat is out of the bag, it's out. 851 00:57:55.559 --> 00:57:57.599 We can make agents do research. Now. 852 00:57:58.159 --> 00:58:01.960 The whole acceleration idea with LV is the same as 853 00:58:02.000 --> 00:58:05.920 the AI acceleration idea. Once it starts programming itself, you 854 00:58:05.960 --> 00:58:08.880 don't have to do much anymore. Once we can get 855 00:58:08.920 --> 00:58:11.159 AI doing it, we may not need all that stuff. 856 00:58:11.199 --> 00:58:14.000 He says, he's being optimistic, but he also thinks this 857 00:58:14.119 --> 00:58:16.800 is realistic because the acceleration of intelligence is still going 858 00:58:16.840 --> 00:58:20.760 to happen. And he notes though he knows it seems 859 00:58:20.760 --> 00:58:24.239 like intelligence has been going backward recently. Human intelligence. That 860 00:58:24.320 --> 00:58:27.039 is our human stupidity, as Jose would put it. But 861 00:58:27.239 --> 00:58:31.119 AI was indeed discussed extensively at the Longevity Summit, So 862 00:58:31.519 --> 00:58:35.480 I would invite those who were in attendance to comment 863 00:58:35.760 --> 00:58:38.920 on the range of perspectives as well as your own 864 00:58:39.000 --> 00:58:43.400 views on how AI is going to affect the prospects 865 00:58:43.440 --> 00:58:45.159 for longevity research going forward. 866 00:58:46.400 --> 00:58:50.400 Well, if I may make a small more concerning the funding. 867 00:58:51.159 --> 00:58:53.920 So one of the great things that and Steele is 868 00:58:53.960 --> 00:58:58.880 he broke down the funding for research, and the NIE 869 00:58:59.679 --> 00:59:04.599 is even by the American taxpayer rue dollar thirty cents 870 00:59:04.599 --> 00:59:08.320 per pose. So that's the full amount that each American 871 00:59:08.360 --> 00:59:13.840 person each year gives for what is basically killing almost 872 00:59:13.960 --> 00:59:18.360 ninety percent of the population. And that's just insane in 873 00:59:18.360 --> 00:59:24.639 my opinion. Yes, aging, it's not even a cup of coffee. 874 00:59:24.599 --> 00:59:25.840 Right right. 875 00:59:26.159 --> 00:59:30.840 Aging research was already disproportionately underfunded prior to this, and 876 00:59:31.400 --> 00:59:35.800 now unfortunately even more so, especially since the National Institute 877 00:59:35.840 --> 00:59:40.239 on Aging is an institution that seems to be on. 878 00:59:40.239 --> 00:59:40.920 Its way out. 879 00:59:41.000 --> 00:59:45.880 It was already under attack by certain members of Congress 880 00:59:45.880 --> 00:59:51.280 prior to these cuts, so it's a troubling development. David, 881 00:59:51.440 --> 00:59:55.119 I know you have some thoughts about AI and scaling. 882 00:59:56.519 --> 00:59:58.920 Yes, so let me pick up a few of the 883 00:59:59.239 --> 01:00:03.480 very interesting of discussion. A couple of the speakers both 884 01:00:03.559 --> 01:00:08.320 talked about AI and the possibilities for AI to accelerate 885 01:00:08.440 --> 01:00:13.079 dramatically the progress with longevity, and both of them were 886 01:00:13.199 --> 01:00:17.079 quite skeptical about it, and referring to both Andrew Steel 887 01:00:17.440 --> 01:00:20.400 and Opray degree and both of them said, you know, 888 01:00:20.480 --> 01:00:25.679 these breakthroughs that AI has made

in biology has been 889 01:00:25.679 --> 01:00:30.800 dependent upon collecting data, and unless there is data collected first, 890 01:00:31.480 --> 01:00:36.159 it's hard for an AI to work out the new insight. 891 01:00:36.960 --> 01:00:39.920 So Andrew Steel pointed out there had been a large, 892 01:00:40.159 --> 01:00:45.960 publicly funded initiative to collect the structures of some of 893 01:00:46.000 --> 01:00:51.440 the proteins. This was the famous PDB, the protein data bank, 894 01:00:51.960 --> 01:00:55.039 and it had started very slowly and it took a 895 01:00:55.039 --> 01:00:58.440 long long time, over many decades, and only when enough 896 01:00:58.519 --> 01:01:01.440 of that had been worked out by painstaking methods such 897 01:01:01.440 --> 01:01:06.039 as X ray diffraction and so on, that was allowed 898 01:01:06.320 --> 01:01:10.079 the much faster progress to be made by the AI 899 01:01:10.360 --> 01:01:13.840 of alpha fold. But unless the data is collected, you 900 01:01:13.880 --> 01:01:16.880 can't do this, as I had at one of did 901 01:01:17.119 --> 01:01:23.079 Conel's say events, before you can join the dots, you've 902 01:01:23.119 --> 01:01:25.880 got to collect the dots, and so this is what 903 01:01:26.000 --> 01:01:29.400 needs to be done. So both Aubrey and Andrew stealing 904 01:01:29.440 --> 01:01:32.480 the various ways are optimistic and due cost, the AI 905 01:01:32.599 --> 01:01:36.679 will help, but not until various biological experiments have been done, 906 01:01:36.760 --> 01:01:40.159 and in particular the experiments to find out does this 907 01:01:40.360 --> 01:01:43.800 damage repair mechanism actually work in different animals? And you 908 01:01:43.840 --> 01:01:46.599 can't work out in advance unless you've got a complete 909 01:01:46.639 --> 01:01:50.440 model of biology. Demis Hassebus does look forward to the 910 01:01:50.440 --> 01:01:52.719 time when we've got a complete, reliable model of an 911 01:01:52.880 --> 01:01:56.440 entire cell. But this isn't going to come straight away. 912 01:01:56.639 --> 01:01:58.719 It's who knows how long it's going to take to 913 01:01:58.760 --> 01:02:03.199 get There is one method of scaling things up, but 914 01:02:03.280 --> 01:02:07.400 it's not the only method, and I can speak a 915 01:02:07.440 --> 01:02:10.360 little bit more to answer a question that Mike Lausine 916 01:02:10.400 --> 01:02:14.159 put in earlier, which is, how are these remarkable technologies 917 01:02:14.199 --> 01:02:17.280 which were spoken about in various presentations, how are they 918 01:02:17.280 --> 01:02:19.920 going to come down in price? And AI might be 919 01:02:20.000 --> 01:02:22.559 part of the solution, but there are other things that's 920 01:02:22.559 --> 01:02:24.519 going to bring it down. And the first thing that's 921 01:02:24.559 --> 01:02:27.320 going to bring down the cost is scale. When you're 922 01:02:27.360 --> 01:02:30.320 only manufacturing something

for a very small number of people, 923 01:02:30.840 --> 01:02:33.440 it is expensive. But when you do it for much 924 01:02:33.559 --> 01:02:37.320 larger numbers of people, there is a famous law sounds 925 01:02:37.360 --> 01:02:39.519 a bit like most law. I forget what it's actually called. 926 01:02:39.559 --> 01:02:44.519 But as you manufacture and larger and larger amounts, you 927 01:02:44.719 --> 01:02:47.320 learn clever ways to do it better. And so it's 928 01:02:47.360 --> 01:02:52.400 something like this cost comes down as you do it 929 01:02:52.400 --> 01:02:55.559 more often. But still there is a risk, Well, what's 930 01:02:55.599 --> 01:02:57.960 going to make people scale this up? By the way 931 01:02:57.960 --> 01:03:01.000 that you can see this in the declining cost co 932 01:03:01.280 --> 01:03:05.440 for solar conductors and solar energy, it has come down 933 01:03:06.000 --> 01:03:09.800 much faster than most forecasters predicted because it's now in 934 01:03:09.920 --> 01:03:13.960 much larger scale. But even in that case, how did 935 01:03:14.559 --> 01:03:19.639 the solar manufacturers scale up? They needed government assurances and 936 01:03:19.719 --> 01:03:25.039 government subsidies assurance, government assurances that if things were produced 937 01:03:25.079 --> 01:03:27.800 in scale and they worked, then the government would guarantee 938 01:03:27.800 --> 01:03:31.760 certain volumes. And Aubrey degree has a great way of 939 01:03:31.800 --> 01:03:35.840 explaining this, and he refers to what he said, ironically, 940 01:03:36.119 --> 01:03:38.639 is perhaps the best thing this ever happened to longevity. 941 01:03:39.440 --> 01:03:42.480 Wait for it, it's COVID. How on earth could COVID 942 01:03:42.519 --> 01:03:44.360 be the best thing that's ever happened to longevity. Well, 943 01:03:44.400 --> 01:03:47.519 COVID shows that when people really have their minds put 944 01:03:47.760 --> 01:03:51.559 into our crisis, we are capable of doing things much 945 01:03:51.599 --> 01:03:55.920 faster than was previously expected. So before COVID, the fastest 946 01:03:55.960 --> 01:04:00.440 that any virus, any vaccine for a coronavirus had taken 947 01:04:00.519 --> 01:04:02.880 ten years to do it, and any other vaccine for 948 01:04:02.920 --> 01:04:06.400 another thing it had taken at least three years. Now 949 01:04:06.880 --> 01:04:11.000 with Project Warp Speed, there was a focus as never before, 950 01:04:11.119 --> 01:04:15.159 not just on developing the individual vactionins, but ensuring they 951 01:04:15.159 --> 01:04:17.880 could be scaled up, that all the different problems that 952 01:04:17.920 --> 01:04:20.960 would emerge, people were thinking about them in advance. So 953 01:04:21.039 --> 01:04:23.079 one of the vaccines needed to be stored at a 954 01:04:23.119 --> 01:04:27.119 lower temperature then normal glass could cope with. And so 955 01:04:27.199 --> 01:04:30.320 another part of the Project Warp looked at ways in 956 01:04:30.360 --> 01:04:34.320 which the best glass manufacturers, I think it's cornering glass. 957 01:04:34.719 --> 01:04:36.719 They were able to produce a variant that would work 958 01:04:36.760 --> 01:04:39.440 up the sufficiently low temperature, and they walked up the 959 01:04:39.480 --> 01:04:43.199 logistics of getting this distributed all over the country and 960 01:04:43.239 --> 01:04:45.960 who did they use to do the distribution. They turned 961 01:04:46.000 --> 01:04:49.840 to their best private companies for doing distribution, like DHL 962 01:04:49.920 --> 01:04:52.400 and FedEx. So they had the whole thing lined up 963 01:04:52.480 --> 01:04:57.320 so scale, backed by government assurances that if something is good, 964 01:04:57.400 --> 01:05:01.280 they will underwrite the costs that get there. And as 965 01:05:01.280 --> 01:05:05.159 she has more people working in this, particularly in a 966 01:05:05.199 --> 01:05:08.760 competitive environment, there is more incentive to be innovative, and 967 01:05:08.840 --> 01:05:13.880 so innovation will bring down the cost as well. Provided again, 968 01:05:13.960 --> 01:05:17.039 there are plenty of different approaches that are being tackled. 969 01:05:17.440 --> 01:05:19.320 And this comes back to the question, well how is 970 01:05:19.360 --> 01:05:21.400 this going to be funded? Because for all these people 971 01:05:21.440 --> 01:05:24.199 that are working here, you need the funding. And I 972 01:05:24.239 --> 01:05:27.599 want to refer here to the chart that Andrew Steel showed, 973 01:05:28.239 --> 01:05:31.960 because it didn't just show here's what's being spent miniscule 974 01:05:32.039 --> 01:05:35.159 amounts on research into aging. He also showed here are 975 01:05:35.199 --> 01:05:38.239 other things where we are spending much more money. And 976 01:05:38.320 --> 01:05:40.119 he said, well, we're spending all this money on this, 977 01:05:40.199 --> 01:05:41.920 and all this money on this, and the thing that 978 01:05:42.039 --> 01:05:46.760 costs much more money was treating people who were chronically 979 01:05:46.840 --> 01:05:51.440 ill of the diseases which are age related. We spend 980 01:05:51.960 --> 01:05:55.159 enormous amounts on that, hundreds and thousands of times as much. 981 01:05:55.679 --> 01:05:58.239 So the argument that Round the Steel proposes to take 982 01:05:58.320 --> 01:06:01.360 to the politicians is various ways to say, look, you 983 01:06:01.480 --> 01:06:04.679 just need to invest a small fraction of that huge 984 01:06:04.719 --> 01:06:07.400 amount of money and you will have the potential of 985 01:06:07.559 --> 01:06:11.719 having huge savings in what you're spending. So we need 986 01:06:11.719 --> 01:06:14.239 to put some money in. And absolutely it needs to 987 01:06:14.280 --> 01:06:19.360 be publicly sourced, because private investors will private donuts are 988 01:06:19.360 --> 01:06:21.320 never going to come

up with enough. But when you 989 01:06:21.320 --> 01:06:24.039 can do that, then you can trigger this ecosystem of 990 01:06:24.719 --> 01:06:28.360 lots of clever humans, lots of different approaches around the world. 991 01:06:28.920 --> 01:06:31.559 And yes, you can use AI to accelerate things too, 992 01:06:31.639 --> 01:06:34.480 but without funding, it's going to go slowly. Hence, the 993 01:06:34.599 --> 01:06:37.800 most important thing is to make the case for funding 994 01:06:37.960 --> 01:06:42.159 in a way that the various politicians can respect and understand. 995 01:06:42.440 --> 01:06:45.480 That's how we'll get the costs down. After all, I 996 01:06:45.519 --> 01:06:48.559 remember when we were talking about how much is the 997 01:06:48.599 --> 01:06:52.320 coronavirus vactions, how much are they going to cost. Initially 998 01:06:52.360 --> 01:06:54.679 people were afraid, well, it's only going to be for 999 01:06:54.719 --> 01:06:58.679 the wealthy, only for the wealthy countries, And the cost 1000 01:06:59.000 --> 01:07:01.599 was brought down law for all the reasons I've mentioned, 1001 01:07:01.639 --> 01:07:05.360 the scaling, and also government subsidies, and it was enlightened 1002 01:07:05.360 --> 01:07:07.880 government subsidies because if you spend a little bit of 1003 01:07:07.880 --> 01:07:11.719 money to vaccinate people, you don't need to spend anything 1004 01:07:11.800 --> 01:07:14.440 like so much money dealing with people, dealing with people 1005 01:07:14.440 --> 01:07:17.400 when they are chronically ill, deeply ill as a result. 1006 01:07:18.119 --> 01:07:20.440 So these are some of my observations. AI is part 1007 01:07:20.480 --> 01:07:23.039 of the solution, but it is not the whole solution, 1008 01:07:23.239 --> 01:07:26.559 and we must avoid a rather unfortunate tendency, which is 1009 01:07:26.599 --> 01:07:29.920 that many people with money are just investing in AI 1010 01:07:30.159 --> 01:07:32.719 thinking that AI is going to solve everything. Instead, we 1011 01:07:32.880 --> 01:07:37.599 need to keep on doing the biotech experiments, wet lab experiments, 1012 01:07:37.679 --> 01:07:42.480 actually trying damage to pair mechanisms on different mammals, the 1013 01:07:42.559 --> 01:07:46.159 mice and the dogs, and what Matt Cablin's doing with 1014 01:07:46.239 --> 01:07:49.679 his dog aging project is absolutely fundamental and we must 1015 01:07:49.679 --> 01:07:52.559 find a way to keep that going. By the way, 1016 01:07:52.840 --> 01:07:55.840 that project is funded a lot by the owners of 1017 01:07:55.880 --> 01:07:59.760 the dogs. People love looking after the dogs, a lot 1018 01:07:59.800 --> 01:08:02.199 of the costs cement by the owners of each dog, 1019 01:08:02.679 --> 01:08:04.719 but that's not going to be enough to do some 1020 01:08:04.840 --> 01:08:08.239 of the other detailed testing, so we must get this 1021 01:08:08.400 --> 01:08:10.000 funded by other means. 1022 01:08:11.199 --> 01:08:14.039 Yes, indeed, thank you very much, David, and I completely 1023 01:08:14.079 --> 01:08:18.479 agree with you and Aubrey about the importance of the 1024 01:08:18.520 --> 01:08:20.079 wet lab experiments. 1025 01:08:20.159 --> 01:08:23.880 The fact is, no matter what the advances. 1026 01:08:23.119 --> 01:08:29.640 In AI are, until the AI becomes embodied and essentially 1027 01:08:29.840 --> 01:08:34.079 exists in the forms of androids who have great manual dexterity, 1028 01:08:34.159 --> 01:08:37.119 who can go into the labs and do the research themselves, 1029 01:08:37.560 --> 01:08:42.640 we're going to need human researchers to do studies in 1030 01:08:42.680 --> 01:08:47.279 the lab and gather empirical data for the AI to analyze, 1031 01:08:47.319 --> 01:08:51.319 because the AI tools can be great for analytical purposes, 1032 01:08:51.319 --> 01:08:55.920 but they need the raw data from the external reality. 1033 01:08:56.079 --> 01:08:59.359 They have no way of getting the data themselves without 1034 01:08:59.359 --> 01:09:04.000 the at lab experiments. So that's a really important point, 1035 01:09:04.199 --> 01:09:08.600 and it seems Mike Lauzine is in agreement as well. 1036 01:09:09.199 --> 01:09:14.600 Alberto Aparicio agrees with your comments David. In particular, he 1037 01:09:14.720 --> 01:09:17.720 states that Aubrey's referral to COVID was a great moment 1038 01:09:17.880 --> 01:09:23.079 of the summit. Make aging the new COVID. Mike Lusine writes, 1039 01:09:23.199 --> 01:09:25.600 if we get something like COVID nineteen again, there will 1040 01:09:25.640 --> 01:09:27.399 be far more people who died in the last time, 1041 01:09:27.520 --> 01:09:31.800 very scary and sad. Well, interestingly enough, though, what's very 1042 01:09:31.840 --> 01:09:37.079 scary and sad is right now, far far more people 1043 01:09:37.239 --> 01:09:41.800 die of aging than died of COVID in particular, and 1044 01:09:41.880 --> 01:09:45.680 even those who died of COVID had their mortality risks 1045 01:09:45.680 --> 01:09:51.840 greatly increased by biological aging. So we are already living 1046 01:09:51.880 --> 01:09:54.359 in this reality. The question is how do we get 1047 01:09:54.800 --> 01:09:59.000 the public to recognize this and recognize the moral imperative 1048 01:09:59.520 --> 01:10:05.640 of combating it. So now, Jose, please go ahead with 1049 01:10:05.920 --> 01:10:06.960 your remarks. 1050 01:10:08.119 --> 01:10:11.800 Yes, this is a fascinating discussion, and I loved all 1051 01:10:11.880 --> 01:10:17.359 the comments also made by is then done. That spoke 1052 01:10:17.399 --> 01:10:20.479 also very important points, and I have a few a 1053 01:10:20.520 --> 01:10:25.399 few things to say. First, David, the correct website of 1054 01:10:25.560 --> 01:10:32.000 Andrew Stills is the Longevity Initiative dot org. The Longevity Initiative, 1055 01:10:32.079 --> 01:10:33.640 It's not the Longevity Institute. 1056

01:10:33.640 --> 01:10:35.600 It's different. One thing. 1057 01:10:35.800 --> 01:10:39.239 The other thing about Madrid is that, uh, those who 1058 01:10:39.319 --> 01:10:42.680 cannot come in person, we are also going to be 1059 01:10:42.720 --> 01:10:46.119 a streaming live. We are going to be broadcasting from 1060 01:10:46.239 --> 01:10:49.880 Madrid to the world in both languages, in English and 1061 01:10:49.920 --> 01:10:53.600 the Spanish. The conference will be mostly in English, but 1062 01:10:53.760 --> 01:10:57.199 there will be a few presentations that will be translated, 1063 01:10:57.680 --> 01:11:03.199 uh well, from Spanish to English. Because the Mayor of Madrid, 1064 01:11:03.319 --> 01:11:07.159 he will speak in Spanish as his public position requires. 1065 01:11:07.239 --> 01:11:09.880 As the mayor of Madrid, the capital of Spain and 1066 01:11:09.920 --> 01:11:13.600 the Spanish speaking world, he is forced to speak in Spanish, 1067 01:11:14.079 --> 01:11:17.720 so he will be translated into English. But all the 1068 01:11:17.760 --> 01:11:21.279 other speakers really will be mostly basically in English, and 1069 01:11:21.319 --> 01:11:24.399 there will be translation into Spanish, so that you know 1070 01:11:24.520 --> 01:11:27.279 that if you cannot come to Madrid, you can join 1071 01:11:27.359 --> 01:11:32.079 us virtually. I have a few other comments than what 1072 01:11:32.159 --> 01:11:34.920 you said is very interesting, but also we have to 1073 01:11:34.960 --> 01:11:41.600 look at maybe some positive science like Mayama Mater. MIT 1074 01:11:41.920 --> 01:11:46.199 just published MIT Technology Review where they have a special 1075 01:11:46.319 --> 01:11:51.640 article about Jim O'Neill. So, Jim O'Neill that many of 1076 01:11:51.680 --> 01:11:54.600 you know has been involved for a long time in longevity, 1077 01:11:55.640 --> 01:11:59.840 is now the second person in command in the agehas 1078 01:12:00.279 --> 01:12:04.239 So I think this could be very positive. Of course, 1079 01:12:04.239 --> 01:12:06.000 we don't know what will happen, but I think this 1080 01:12:06.159 --> 01:12:10.520 is very positive. So I try to look within the 1081 01:12:10.640 --> 01:12:15.039 problems where are the opportunities. Also when Sven said that 1082 01:12:15.119 --> 01:12:17.840 it is only a cup of coffee, that is true, 1083 01:12:18.159 --> 01:12:22.800 that is for our US friends. But vain, what are 1084 01:12:22.840 --> 01:12:26.319 you doing yourself because in Belgium is not even done. 1085 01:12:26.479 --> 01:12:30.520 In Belgium is not even that. So don't complain about 1086 01:12:30.560 --> 01:12:33.520 our US friends when in Belgium is not even done. 1087 01:12:34.079 --> 01:12:37.720 That is why I run for politics, because this has 1088 01:12:37.760 --> 01:12:42.439 to be a fundamental issue in Spain, in Belgium, in Europe, 1089 01:12:42.840 --> 01:12:47.279 because we don't have anything like the National Institute on Aging, 1090 01:12:47.600 --> 01:12:52.119 and we should because Europe is much older, it's aging faster, 1091 01:12:52.680 --> 01:12:56.479 and the pyramid has already inverted. The demographic pyramid. It's 1092 01:12:56.520 --> 01:13:01.119 already like this, very few children and lots of old people. 1093 01:13:01.600 --> 01:13:03.880 So we need to revert that. And for that we 1094 01:13:04.199 --> 01:13:07.520 cannot blame it on the USA, not at all. We 1095 01:13:07.560 --> 01:13:10.159 should blame it on ourselves. That is why we have 1096 01:13:10.279 --> 01:13:13.640 to be very proactive ourselves, and that is why I 1097 01:13:13.720 --> 01:13:16.800 run for politics, to bring these issues to the public. 1098 01:13:16.840 --> 01:13:21.479 I think this is fundamental. Also, I love the phrase. 1099 01:13:21.560 --> 01:13:25.279 I also retweeted it about over the grade that we 1100 01:13:25.319 --> 01:13:29.479 should make aging the new covin as Alberto A Parisio 1101 01:13:29.760 --> 01:13:30.640 also mentioned. 1102 01:13:30.680 --> 01:13:32.159 I sent that to several groups. 1103 01:13:32.199 --> 01:13:36.359 I think it's fantastic because we need another Manhattan. 1104 01:13:35.800 --> 01:13:39.600 Project for aging. That is what we need. 1105 01:13:40.279 --> 01:13:44.720 About Andrew still, I also talked to him after his presentation, 1106 01:13:44.880 --> 01:13:48.680 which was really fantastic, and he's a great speaker with 1107 01:13:48.920 --> 01:13:51.600 a lot of knowledge. But my view is different in 1108 01:13:51.680 --> 01:13:54.479 terms of the money, and I told him very clearly 1109 01:13:54.840 --> 01:13:58.319 he talks about one hundred billion dollars from the government, No, 1110 01:13:58.800 --> 01:14:01.319 that is not the solution. We should have one hundred 1111 01:14:01.319 --> 01:14:04.239 billion dollars from the private sector. And I will give 1112 01:14:04.279 --> 01:14:08.319 you the example of the X Price Foundation. The ex 1113 01:14:08.479 --> 01:14:15.039 Rice Foundation, with this healthspan price of one hundred million dollars, 1114 01:14:15.560 --> 01:14:20.680 already got over six hundred teams participating on biological rejuvenation 1115 01:14:20.880 --> 01:14:25.920 by twenty thirty with just one hundred million dollars, over 1116 01:14:26.000 --> 01:14:30.319 six hundred teams all over the world, including the Spanish teams, 1117 01:14:30.600 --> 01:14:34.880 British teams, I imagine, Belgian teams, and of course many 1118 01:14:34.960 --> 01:14:38.520 teams from the USA, Canada and other parts. 1119 01:14:38.199 --> 01:14:38.760 Of the world. 1120 01:14:38.800 --> 01:14:43.279 So I told Andrew Andrew what we need is to 1121 01:14:43.319 --> 01:14:46.439 have the X price not for one hundred million, but 1122 01:14:46.600 --> 01:14:50.119 for a billion or for one hundred billion. This will 1123 01:14:50.239 --> 01:14:57.479 really increase the creativity of everybody, not just governments,

universities, 1124 01:14:57.920 --> 01:15:04.279 Start Times pharmaceutical company is a hospitals, clinics, everything. This 1125 01:15:04.359 --> 01:15:07.239 is what the X price has brought with only one 1126 01:15:07.319 --> 01:15:12.319 hundred million dollars. So imagine if it was a billion 1127 01:15:12.359 --> 01:15:15.960 dollars or one hundred billion dollars, as Andrew Steel was mentioning. 1128 01:15:16.279 --> 01:15:20.000 So anyway, that was my comment to Andrew Andrew Steel. 1129 01:15:20.520 --> 01:15:26.880 And now I'm also very excited about AI. As David 1130 01:15:26.920 --> 01:15:29.960 Wood mentioned, AI is not the solution, but it is 1131 01:15:30.079 --> 01:15:33.239 very important, and I'm very excited also about what is 1132 01:15:33.279 --> 01:15:39.239 happening in AI. For example, deep Mind announced Alpha Genome. 1133 01:15:39.600 --> 01:15:43.159 Alpha Genome is going to be very fascinating, and then 1134 01:15:43.159 --> 01:15:47.479 miss Hassavis, the winner of the Nobel Prize twenty twenty 1135 01:15:47.520 --> 01:15:52.479 four in chemistry. Then Miss Hassavis deep Mind Google, he 1136 01:15:52.520 --> 01:15:57.279 created this other company called Isomorphic Labs with the goal 1137 01:15:57.479 --> 01:16:01.600 of using AI to cure all this all these this 1138 01:16:01.760 --> 01:16:05.319 is really fascinating. Of course, it is not the solution, 1139 01:16:05.720 --> 01:16:09.000 but it is a big part of it. And in 1140 01:16:09.039 --> 01:16:13.640 that same line of AI, also Mark Suckenberg and his 1141 01:16:13.760 --> 01:16:18.079 foundation with his wife Priscilla Chan, they have announced that 1142 01:16:18.119 --> 01:16:23.279 they are using AI to understand how all sales work, 1143 01:16:23.359 --> 01:16:28.640 how all organs work, how all organisms work using AI. 1144 01:16:29.000 --> 01:16:31.840 Of course this is a huge project, but I think 1145 01:16:31.880 --> 01:16:36.359 this is very important. So the Chance Suckenberg Foundation is 1146 01:16:36.399 --> 01:16:40.840 doing incredible work also on AI from a different point 1147 01:16:40.880 --> 01:16:44.119 of view that what Google is doing with Alpha Genome 1148 01:16:44.600 --> 01:16:48.520 or deep Mind with isomorphic labs. But anyway, so I 1149 01:16:48.600 --> 01:16:52.960 am really excited about AI. It will help to accelerate things. 1150 01:16:53.000 --> 01:16:56.000 And even more, if we had an exprice of one 1151 01:16:56.119 --> 01:16:59.800 hundred billion dollars, that would really change. So as then, 1152 01:17:00.399 --> 01:17:03.560 put your cop of coffee to the X Prize. I 1153 01:17:03.680 --> 01:17:07.439 got drink to the X Prize for one hundred billions. 1154 01:17:07.520 --> 01:17:10.840 That would give us rejuvenation very quickly. 1155 01:17:12.880 --> 01:17:17.399 Yes, well, thank you very much Jose for that note 1156 01:17:17.439 --> 01:17:23.039 of optimism. I definitely hope that all of the initiatives 1157 01:17:23.239 --> 01:17:29.079 you mentioned, the Alpha Genome initiative from Google Deep Mind, 1158 01:17:29.279 --> 01:17:34.199 as well as the chan Zuckerberg initiative and the X Prize. 1159 01:17:34.319 --> 01:17:39.119 Now there is an X prize for health Span now 1160 01:17:39.199 --> 01:17:42.199 of one hundred and one million dollars that is on 1161 01:17:42.359 --> 01:17:44.199 offer and various. 1162 01:17:43.800 --> 01:17:46.239 Teams are competing for it already. 1163 01:17:46.319 --> 01:17:52.000 I hope that these initiatives do contribute significantly to progress 1164 01:17:52.039 --> 01:17:56.119 in the field right now, the magnitude is still not 1165 01:17:56.359 --> 01:18:00.199 as large as the magnitude of the NIH cust and 1166 01:18:00.239 --> 01:18:04.000 that's unfortunate. I do wish that all of this activity 1167 01:18:04.159 --> 01:18:09.359 and the NAH funded research had been happening in parallel, 1168 01:18:09.800 --> 01:18:14.720 but unfortunately that is not something within our control at 1169 01:18:14.760 --> 01:18:18.760 the present point. All that we can do is bring 1170 01:18:18.840 --> 01:18:21.680 up the harms. But Dan, would you like to have. 1171 01:18:21.600 --> 01:18:29.960 A minor comment on what jose said. Yeah, I think it. 1172 01:18:29.960 --> 01:18:36.039 It remains to be seen how much influenced Jim o'nial have, 1173 01:18:36.159 --> 01:18:39.760 But I thank you for mentioning the MIT Tech Review article. 1174 01:18:39.920 --> 01:18:45.239 Definitely look at that. But the other thing is that 1175 01:18:47.279 --> 01:18:53.039 the new NIH director, Jay Baticharia, he is very interested 1176 01:18:53.159 --> 01:19:00.159 in what we might call metascience reformed, metascience inspired, and 1177 01:19:00.239 --> 01:19:08.079 reforms and changing policies at the NIH around how funding 1178 01:19:08.199 --> 01:19:11.600 is given out to support younger researchers, because they've been 1179 01:19:11.640 --> 01:19:16.159 finding the age of NIH grantees that's been going up 1180 01:19:16.199 --> 01:19:23.079 and up and up. And when he first came to NIH, 1181 01:19:23.159 --> 01:19:25.560 he gave a talk where he talked about a number 1182 01:19:25.600 --> 01:19:31.119 of a number of problems in science, like the reproducibility 1183 01:19:31.159 --> 01:19:39.319 crisis and other things. So, you know, so he actually 1184 01:19:39.520 --> 01:19:43.520 has a background in meta science himself. He actually years 1185 01:19:43.560 --> 01:19:49.600 ago did some research on NIH and looking at if 1186 01:19:49.680 --> 01:19:53.920 NIH was either at the state of the art or 1187 01:19:53.960 --> 01:19:59.640 actually lagging behind universities in terms of what researcher towards 1188 01:19:59.640 --> 01:20:07.319 study being in the internal h intramural research program. So 1189 01:20:07.319 --> 01:20:10.319 so I think I'm most excited about that, And they 1190 01:20:10.359 --> 01:20:14.760 have a lot of interesting ideas about

changing how science 1191 01:20:14.840 --> 01:20:21.800 is funded. But overall, honestly, what I've been hearing, you know, 1192 01:20:21.920 --> 01:20:26.479 is fairly grim. Honestly, one thing I heard from Mark 1193 01:20:26.560 --> 01:20:31.319 Hammeline who's at our H, is that the people are 1194 01:20:31.640 --> 01:20:34.680 H are very worried that could get shut down. So 1195 01:20:36.600 --> 01:20:38.800 if that was if our H was shut down, that 1196 01:20:38.840 --> 01:20:41.840 would be devastating because as you know, we have John 1197 01:20:41.920 --> 01:20:44.960 Hibbert there and one or. 1198 01:20:44.960 --> 01:20:46.439 Two other longevity folks. 1199 01:20:46.520 --> 01:20:50.359 So I would just you know, if you hear anything 1200 01:20:50.359 --> 01:20:52.840 about our H being cut, I would I think that 1201 01:20:52.880 --> 01:20:55.600 would be a major thing we should try to fight 1202 01:20:55.800 --> 01:20:56.560 if possible. 1203 01:20:58.079 --> 01:21:01.800 Yes, that is indeed troubling. 1204 01:21:02.079 --> 01:21:04.439 And that's just all rumors, you know, I don't have 1205 01:21:04.479 --> 01:21:11.359 any definite information on that, but it's, uh, it just 1206 01:21:11.399 --> 01:21:15.199 seems like something they would do, uh, you know, just 1207 01:21:15.199 --> 01:21:17.960 just because because it's a by it was a binary thing, 1208 01:21:18.159 --> 01:21:21.680 and and they're trying to quote simplify and streamline and everything. 1209 01:21:21.800 --> 01:21:27.119 So yeah, we need to we need to have uh 1210 01:21:27.640 --> 01:21:30.560 we need to be on alert for for this sort 1211 01:21:30.600 --> 01:21:30.960 of things. 1212 01:21:32.439 --> 01:21:37.239 Yes, cutting our pa H would be an even greater 1213 01:21:37.359 --> 01:21:42.039 travesty than what has transpired thus far. In my view, 1214 01:21:42.119 --> 01:21:46.279 arpa H was one of the most promising, if not 1215 01:21:46.399 --> 01:21:50.680 the most promising federal initiatives that could have made a 1216 01:21:50.680 --> 01:21:52.520 difference in antiaging research. 1217 01:21:52.760 --> 01:21:57.039 And the interrector was actually fired uhr, Gene I forget 1218 01:21:57.039 --> 01:22:00.880 her name, Regina something she was, you know, among all 1219 01:22:00.920 --> 01:22:04.800 these different people who were fired. So the agency is 1220 01:22:04.840 --> 01:22:07.079 in a little bit of a disarray. And I've heard 1221 01:22:07.119 --> 01:22:12.520 that a lot of the staff who are contractors are 1222 01:22:12.640 --> 01:22:15.800 no longer there do the funding cuts and everything. So 1223 01:22:15.840 --> 01:22:17.319 it's it's very troubling. 1224 01:22:18.439 --> 01:22:18.800 Yes. 1225 01:22:19.199 --> 01:22:23.840 At Vitalist Bay about a month and a half ago, 1226 01:22:24.760 --> 01:22:28.960 there were two representatives from our pa H. One was 1227 01:22:29.000 --> 01:22:33.119 doctor Jean Abert, who was familiar to longtime attendees of 1228 01:22:33.159 --> 01:22:36.359 our Virtual Enlightenment salons because he was a guest of 1229 01:22:36.359 --> 01:22:38.199 ours in April of twenty twenty one. 1230 01:22:38.279 --> 01:22:41.319 And then I moderated a panel with him at. 1231 01:22:41.199 --> 01:22:45.199 Radfest in October of twenty twenty two, so you can 1232 01:22:45.520 --> 01:22:47.600 watch both of those sessions. 1233 01:22:48.039 --> 01:22:51.439 He was there and he told me he was fairly. 1234 01:22:51.119 --> 01:22:56.720 Optimistic at that point that the decision makers within the 1235 01:22:56.760 --> 01:23:00.000 Trump administration had sympathies for our pa H. But again 1236 01:23:00.119 --> 01:23:02.319 that was a month and a half ago. And then 1237 01:23:02.359 --> 01:23:06.439 at Vitalist Bay there was also Andrew Brack, who is 1238 01:23:06.800 --> 01:23:11.359 a program manager at ARPA H, and I essentially asked 1239 01:23:11.399 --> 01:23:12.000 him a question. 1240 01:23:12.079 --> 01:23:14.439 I tried to be as. 1241 01:23:14.760 --> 01:23:20.039 Non political as possible in the way I formulated that question, 1242 01:23:20.359 --> 01:23:24.279 but I formulated it in essence as a statement that 1243 01:23:24.800 --> 01:23:29.520 background stability is necessary in order to be able to 1244 01:23:29.640 --> 01:23:34.359 effectively make long term plans. How confident are you that 1245 01:23:34.880 --> 01:23:38.560 you will have that kind of background stability for a 1246 01:23:38.640 --> 01:23:42.399 five year time horizon so that you're planning over the 1247 01:23:42.439 --> 01:23:46.800 next five years can proceed essentially as you intended. But 1248 01:23:46.880 --> 01:23:49.800 he saw through my wording and he said, well, I'm 1249 01:23:49.800 --> 01:23:53.600 not going to comment on anything political, but urpa H 1250 01:23:53.720 --> 01:23:58.079 is fully aligned with the MAHA agenda because our research 1251 01:23:58.199 --> 01:24:01.399 is going to help make Americans health here. So he 1252 01:24:02.039 --> 01:24:04.079 phrased it in a bit more detail than that, but 1253 01:24:04.159 --> 01:24:07.720 that was the essence of the answer. I couldn't get 1254 01:24:07.760 --> 01:24:12.560 a gauge of how worried or concerned he was. I 1255 01:24:12.600 --> 01:24:17.399 think he was rather trying to kind of uh signal 1256 01:24:17.640 --> 01:24:23.119 to the powers that be that it shouldn't be cut 1257 01:24:23.199 --> 01:24:27.680 because it could be at least presented to align with 1258 01:24:27.720 --> 01:24:28.359 their goals. 1259 01:24:28.600 --> 01:24:34.039 Right, Yeah, No, that's uh, that's interesting. I was I mean, 1260 01:24:34.039 --> 01:24:34.680 this is. 1261 01:24:34.520 --> 01:24:36.560 This was sort of off the record, I suppose, but 1262 01:24:37.039 --> 01:24:40.560 I was spoken with, uh talking to Mark Ham. 1263 01:24:40.560 --> 01:24:41.800 Align came aligne. 1264 01:24:43.520 --> 01:24:49.079 And uh, yeah, it's it's very unclear

what's what's going on. 1265 01:24:49.199 --> 01:24:54.079 But if yeah, there there there's a hope uh you 1266 01:24:54.119 --> 01:24:58.520 know that if if among some researchers that if they 1267 01:24:58.560 --> 01:25:02.359 can align their if they can brand their research properly 1268 01:25:02.520 --> 01:25:05.399 as being part of the MAHA movement whatever that is, 1269 01:25:06.720 --> 01:25:09.079 they can maintain their fundings. So I know, like a 1270 01:25:09.079 --> 01:25:14.720 lot of lung. I spoke with long COVID researcher who's 1271 01:25:15.640 --> 01:25:19.199 trying to rebrand their research now, and they're studying, like 1272 01:25:19.880 --> 01:25:27.239 you know, they're studying, you know, the MAHA agenda and 1273 01:25:27.680 --> 01:25:31.399 trying to rebrand so that that's. 1274 01:25:33.760 --> 01:25:35.000 You know, supposedly the. 1275 01:25:35.000 --> 01:25:42.600 MAHA is supposed to be about chronic diseases and things 1276 01:25:42.640 --> 01:25:49.319 like obesity, but they largely, I mean largely have been 1277 01:25:49.359 --> 01:25:55.199 looking at very niche, flashy issues like food colorings, food dies, 1278 01:25:56.560 --> 01:25:59.960 which you know, don't really have any effect on our 1279 01:26:00.079 --> 01:26:02.800 health as far as you know, all the gold standard 1280 01:26:02.800 --> 01:26:07.680 research says, and some of the some of the natural 1281 01:26:07.800 --> 01:26:12.159 dyes that they're proposing actually have been much less studied 1282 01:26:12.199 --> 01:26:17.439 than the artificial dyes. So so yeah, so it's uh, 1283 01:26:18.119 --> 01:26:24.479 it's very like uh, it's very uh like the topics 1284 01:26:24.520 --> 01:26:27.760 are are are kind of a lot, very like showing 1285 01:26:28.119 --> 01:26:32.760 topics like you know, mom, that are you know, designed too, 1286 01:26:35.039 --> 01:26:40.800 you know, uh went over you know. I don't really 1287 01:26:40.800 --> 01:26:43.640 know what they're doing, honestly, but they're not looking at them. 1288 01:26:43.840 --> 01:26:44.840 I haven't seen much on. 1289 01:26:44.840 --> 01:26:51.000 The big problems like obesity, cardi bassaard disease, those kind 1290 01:26:51.000 --> 01:26:51.600 of things. 1291 01:26:52.359 --> 01:26:55.239 Yes, sometimes I don't think they know what they're doing. 1292 01:26:56.039 --> 01:26:59.239 I don't think they know coherently what their agenda is 1293 01:27:00.039 --> 01:27:04.920 and to oppose whatever they consider to be the scientific 1294 01:27:05.119 --> 01:27:06.720 establishment or the medical. 1295 01:27:06.920 --> 01:27:10.319 Things there there as far as things therefore, it's it's 1296 01:27:10.359 --> 01:27:11.800 it's sort of a it's sort of a. 1297 01:27:14.279 --> 01:27:20.520 It's sort of a very like uh like eyeball mix 1298 01:27:20.640 --> 01:27:25.600 of very contrab like low impact. 1299 01:27:27.239 --> 01:27:31.479 Things that that are but but that are kind of controversial, 1300 01:27:31.600 --> 01:27:37.239 like food dyes and and floridation of water and stuff 1301 01:27:37.279 --> 01:27:37.880 like that. 1302 01:27:39.279 --> 01:27:42.760 Yes, indeed, now, David, you have a few remarks to 1303 01:27:42.840 --> 01:27:46.000 share which are perhaps more hopeful. 1304 01:27:48.439 --> 01:27:51.279 Well, let me tie back some of the discussion to 1305 01:27:52.000 --> 01:27:56.359 presentation at Dublin, which is the starting part for all 1306 01:27:56.359 --> 01:27:59.840 of this. One of the most inspiring slides of all 1307 01:28:00.159 --> 01:28:04.319 was shown by Alexander teitz Latser, who some of us know. 1308 01:28:04.439 --> 01:28:09.800 He's a German lawyer. He stood several times for the 1309 01:28:09.920 --> 01:28:13.159 European Parliament. He's a longtime member of the ISLA. He 1310 01:28:13.279 --> 01:28:16.720 gave a talk about why we should be advocating that 1311 01:28:16.760 --> 01:28:20.720 healthy longevity is recognized as a human right. But at 1312 01:28:20.720 --> 01:28:23.239 the very end he showed a picture of himself with 1313 01:28:23.640 --> 01:28:26.680 I thought an eighty year old woman. So she was 1314 01:28:26.720 --> 01:28:30.640 sitting there. Turned out that she was his grandmother and 1315 01:28:30.720 --> 01:28:32.600 she was one hundred and five years old, and she 1316 01:28:32.680 --> 01:28:35.159 looked to marketly healthy for one hundred and five year old. 1317 01:28:35.279 --> 01:28:39.479 So Alexander probably gets the prize for having the oldest 1318 01:28:39.479 --> 01:28:42.520 healthy relative amongst all the speakers as far as I know. 1319 01:28:42.680 --> 01:28:47.600 So that was encouraging. Now, already we had mentioned from 1320 01:28:47.920 --> 01:28:51.640 Jose that for his conference in Madrid last year he 1321 01:28:51.720 --> 01:28:55.520 was hoping to present to Maria Branyas, who was at 1322 01:28:55.520 --> 01:28:58.039 the time the world's oldest person one hundred and seventeen 1323 01:28:58.079 --> 01:29:01.520 and a half years old. Sadly, she died a few 1324 01:29:01.680 --> 01:29:05.279 days beforehand. It turns out that the oldest person in 1325 01:29:05.319 --> 01:29:08.079 the world today, as far as we can validate, is 1326 01:29:08.159 --> 01:29:11.439 actually living twenty miles away from where I am. Her 1327 01:29:11.520 --> 01:29:15.359 name is Edith Ethel catererm She's one hundred and fifteen 1328 01:29:15.439 --> 01:29:18.800 years old, so a relative youngster compared to Maria. She'll 1329 01:29:18.800 --> 01:29:21.239 be one hundred and sixteen in a a couple of 1330 01:29:21.239 --> 01:29:25.359 months time. So maybe the UK is doing some things right. 1331 01:29:26.560 --> 01:29:29.119 We'll see. But it's the first time for a long 1332 01:29:29.159 --> 01:29:31.119 long time that the oldest person in the world has 1333 01:29:31.159 --> 01:29:34.359 been in the UK. But actually, more seriously, the UK 1334 01:29:34.640 --> 01:29:37.479 is

trying hard to do something right. We've had an 1335 01:29:37.520 --> 01:29:41.479 announcement by the government four days ago that there is 1336 01:29:41.600 --> 01:29:45.239 a new ten year plan for the NHS and this 1337 01:29:45.359 --> 01:29:49.159 ten year plan will have three components in it. This 1338 01:29:49.439 --> 01:29:52.600 was made by the UK's Chancellor, the UK's Secretary of 1339 01:29:52.640 --> 01:29:57.520 State for Health. Where's treating who himself is a cancer survivor. 1340 01:29:57.640 --> 01:30:00.239 He's been at the sharp end of the NHS in 1341 01:30:00.279 --> 01:30:03.000 his own life and by the Prime Minister, and they 1342 01:30:03.000 --> 01:30:05.920 basically said, we can't solve the money the problems of 1343 01:30:05.960 --> 01:30:09.239 healthcare just by spending more money doing more of the same. 1344 01:30:09.319 --> 01:30:12.319 There has to be three fundamental changes. The first is 1345 01:30:12.359 --> 01:30:15.960 from the hospital to the community and otherwise allow people 1346 01:30:16.000 --> 01:30:19.039 to be treated more locally rather than having to go 1347 01:30:19.159 --> 01:30:23.840 to big centralized hospitals. Secondly, moving from analog to digital 1348 01:30:24.000 --> 01:30:26.600 to hurry up and apply the best of AI and 1349 01:30:26.640 --> 01:30:29.760 the best of other digital solutions. But the third of 1350 01:30:29.800 --> 01:30:33.159 the three big transformations is the most promising. They're talking 1351 01:30:33.199 --> 01:30:36.279 seriously about changing it from being a sickness industry to 1352 01:30:36.560 --> 01:30:41.119 a prevention industry. And they're very open, they say, to 1353 01:30:41.239 --> 01:30:45.199 figuring out how they can do more prevention earlier. So 1354 01:30:45.279 --> 01:30:48.279 they should be interested to hear whatever Andrew Steele and 1355 01:30:48.359 --> 01:30:51.640 others bring them. But they should also be looking at 1356 01:30:52.560 --> 01:30:56.520 other presentations from Dublin, because some of the best presentations 1357 01:30:56.560 --> 01:30:58.960 in Dublin. I thought, we're also talking about what's happening 1358 01:30:59.039 --> 01:31:05.079 in Singapore. Singapore government has a recognized the crisis that 1359 01:31:05.159 --> 01:31:09.159 they have with more elderly people who are unwell, and 1360 01:31:09.199 --> 01:31:13.119 they have given lots of initiatives to try and improve 1361 01:31:13.479 --> 01:31:16.520 the health span rather than just the lifespan, so that 1362 01:31:16.560 --> 01:31:21.640 people live healthier for longer, and they are describing themselves 1363 01:31:21.720 --> 01:31:25.319 as the first engineer the blue zone. In other words, 1364 01:31:25.359 --> 01:31:28.960 they have longer lives, not just because of what has 1365 01:31:29.039 --> 01:31:33.840 happened historically and traditionally, but interventions are being put in place. 1366 01:31:33.960 --> 01:31:37.680 So it is my recommendation to the UK government and 1367 01:31:37.720 --> 01:31:41.199 elsewhere we should be learning from what's happening in Singapore. 1368 01:31:41.840 --> 01:31:44.880 Somebody said he thought there were two countries that were 1369 01:31:44.880 --> 01:31:48.680 doing particularly well in terms of engineering improvements to healthcare. 1370 01:31:49.119 --> 01:31:51.600 There was Singapore and the other wise. This is a 1371 01:31:51.600 --> 01:31:54.680 bit of a surprise to me, it was Denmark. And 1372 01:31:54.720 --> 01:31:56.960 the reason they thought Denmark was doing particularly well is 1373 01:31:57.000 --> 01:32:00.199 in part because of all their work being done on 1374 01:32:00.560 --> 01:32:07.159 by the group behind a r DD the annual conference there. 1375 01:32:07.279 --> 01:32:09.840 So I think we should be learning from each other 1376 01:32:10.079 --> 01:32:13.319 and in order to actually go forwards, governments are going 1377 01:32:13.399 --> 01:32:16.359 to have to set aside their nationalistic bias. Hey we're 1378 01:32:16.399 --> 01:32:19.000 the best, you know, we British, We've got the Mother 1379 01:32:19.039 --> 01:32:21.279 of Parliament. What can we learn from others? Well, actually 1380 01:32:21.279 --> 01:32:25.119 we have plenty we can learn from others. America first, well, 1381 01:32:25.159 --> 01:32:29.359 maybe America should be learning from Singapore and Denmark as well. 1382 01:32:29.479 --> 01:32:32.279 And with this kind of attitude, it's opened this in humility, 1383 01:32:32.920 --> 01:32:35.680 we can actually pick up the best practices from around 1384 01:32:35.680 --> 01:32:37.960 the world. So that's what I think should be happening. 1385 01:32:38.439 --> 01:32:42.920 What's happening in America now is let's say, an extraordinary experiment, 1386 01:32:43.439 --> 01:32:46.239 but hopefully people will realize, hey, maybe they should be 1387 01:32:46.279 --> 01:32:49.800 feeding in some of the insights from Singapore and Spain, 1388 01:32:50.039 --> 01:32:53.079 Madrid and Copenhagen and elsewhere too. 1389 01:32:54.880 --> 01:32:59.359 Yes, indeed, I think it's important to learn from successes 1390 01:32:59.439 --> 01:33:04.920 and success full implementations anywhere in the world. Wherever something 1391 01:33:05.000 --> 01:33:09.479 is found to work, we should utilize it and hopefully 1392 01:33:09.760 --> 01:33:13.880 it will gain traction and many other jurisdictions as well. 1393 01:33:14.199 --> 01:33:18.840 I wanted to briefly mention my own presentation at Longevity 1394 01:33:18.880 --> 01:33:22.880 sum at Dublin. I will not go through it in entirety, 1395 01:33:23.279 --> 01:33:26.199 but I did want to note that I present it 1396 01:33:26.279 --> 01:33:30.479 on LV the game, which is the game where one 1397 01:33:30.520 --> 01:33:34.600 gets to play as a character seeking to reach longevity 1398 01:33:34.680 --> 01:33:40.840 Escape Velocity, and fortunately I do have a few

pictures 1399 01:33:41.039 --> 01:33:47.039 of my presentation. The recording should be out later once 1400 01:33:47.279 --> 01:33:52.239 Longevity sum At Dublin publishes all of the talks on 1401 01:33:52.760 --> 01:33:58.439 its YouTube channel. But right now you see the screenshot 1402 01:33:58.680 --> 01:34:02.640 of one of the slow where I provide some background 1403 01:34:02.720 --> 01:34:06.479 as to the origins of Lev the game and how 1404 01:34:06.680 --> 01:34:10.399 the US Transhumanist Party came to acquire the rights to 1405 01:34:10.920 --> 01:34:16.000 develop it in twenty twenty and I developed an entirely 1406 01:34:16.039 --> 01:34:21.399 new set of mechanics and in game events. 1407 01:34:21.039 --> 01:34:21.640 For the game. 1408 01:34:22.199 --> 01:34:24.479 I transformed it into a turn based game with the 1409 01:34:24.520 --> 01:34:28.319 help of Euraisteren Vukotitch, whom I hired as the programmer, 1410 01:34:28.359 --> 01:34:31.960 and of course we held a Virtual Enlightenment Salon in 1411 01:34:32.319 --> 01:34:35.720 twenty twenty four in May of twenty twenty four to 1412 01:34:35.840 --> 01:34:40.920 demonstrate an earlier build, which is Build zero point six 1413 01:34:41.199 --> 01:34:45.600 of Lev the Game. But now we have a much 1414 01:34:45.720 --> 01:34:50.520 more current version which is Build zero point nine to one, 1415 01:34:50.760 --> 01:34:55.199 and it is available to download and play at Transhumanist 1416 01:34:55.279 --> 01:35:00.159 Dash Party dot org slash Lev Dash the Dash Game. 1417 01:35:00.640 --> 01:35:04.399 You have the ability to download it in one of 1418 01:35:04.479 --> 01:35:09.359 two archive formats ZIP and RAR, and you can also 1419 01:35:09.479 --> 01:35:13.159 if the archive formats don't work with your computer or 1420 01:35:13.199 --> 01:35:17.920 your laptop for whatever reason, download the files directly I've 1421 01:35:17.920 --> 01:35:21.079 made them available in a Google Drive folders. So either way, 1422 01:35:21.119 --> 01:35:23.640 if you have a PC, whether it's a Windows PC 1423 01:35:23.840 --> 01:35:28.119 or a Linux PC, please download the game, give it 1424 01:35:28.159 --> 01:35:30.399 a try yourself and see if you can get your 1425 01:35:30.479 --> 01:35:35.479 character to longevity Escape Velocity. I think my presentation was 1426 01:35:36.039 --> 01:35:39.640 very well received among the attendees, and I'm going to 1427 01:35:39.920 --> 01:35:45.000 also be presenting on LV the game at Radfest in 1428 01:35:45.159 --> 01:35:49.600 Las Vegas in just less than a week's time, so 1429 01:35:49.760 --> 01:35:52.319 I am definitely looking forward to that. Jose, would you 1430 01:35:52.399 --> 01:35:54.119 like to say a few remarks? 1431 01:35:55.239 --> 01:35:58.960 Well, great, great, I want to practice with your game 1432 01:35:59.520 --> 01:36:03.359 on congres, gratulations on your presentation, and again it's good 1433 01:36:03.399 --> 01:36:06.960 that we are going to meet in Las Vegas. I'm 1434 01:36:06.960 --> 01:36:12.000 flying on Tuesday, and it is important to get different audiences, 1435 01:36:12.039 --> 01:36:16.000 different publics, so that is why I was so happy 1436 01:36:16.039 --> 01:36:20.840 to see David s VN and you Gennadi in Dublin 1437 01:36:21.359 --> 01:36:24.520 and see you also now soon in Las Vegas and 1438 01:36:24.680 --> 01:36:27.399 welcome to Madrid as well. We need to have more 1439 01:36:27.520 --> 01:36:32.119 and more until longevity becomes a fact of life. That 1440 01:36:32.279 --> 01:36:34.279 is my goal and that is why we have to 1441 01:36:34.359 --> 01:36:37.399 do it. We have to do it. That is why 1442 01:36:38.199 --> 01:36:41.720 when I didn't like and don't take it personally your comment, 1443 01:36:41.840 --> 01:36:44.920 which is Andrew Stills comments about one cup of coffee 1444 01:36:44.960 --> 01:36:49.359 a day. You know, John Fisher and Kennedy had a great, 1445 01:36:49.840 --> 01:36:53.239 a great phrase. Well he had Benny like video these 1446 01:36:53.399 --> 01:36:55.520 Uh sometime politicians. 1447 01:36:55.640 --> 01:36:56.720 Churchill is even better. 1448 01:36:56.760 --> 01:37:01.880 But John Fisher and Kennedy said, Uh, don't ask America 1449 01:37:02.000 --> 01:37:04.319 what can it do for you, ask what you can 1450 01:37:04.359 --> 01:37:09.439 do for America. So my phrase is, don't ask what 1451 01:37:09.520 --> 01:37:12.960 longevity can you for you as what you can do 1452 01:37:13.039 --> 01:37:15.760 for longevity, and that is putting the money of your 1453 01:37:15.800 --> 01:37:20.000 cup of coffee. And don't blaming our American friends or 1454 01:37:20.199 --> 01:37:23.920 US friends because they are doing better than in Europe 1455 01:37:24.000 --> 01:37:28.520 in terms of funding for longevity research, even though which 1456 01:37:28.560 --> 01:37:31.399 is a tragedy. This is the real tragedy that the 1457 01:37:31.560 --> 01:37:38.039 usay longevity expectancy is so low, especially after putting almost 1458 01:37:38.079 --> 01:37:42.039 twenty percent of the gross domestic product both on public 1459 01:37:42.399 --> 01:37:45.079 and private health. I mean, this is horrible with all 1460 01:37:45.119 --> 01:37:48.880 that money that the outcome is so poor. And let 1461 01:37:48.880 --> 01:37:51.600 me just go back to the blue zones, because David 1462 01:37:51.720 --> 01:37:55.960 was talking about the blue zones and indeed Singapore declared 1463 01:37:56.079 --> 01:37:59.600 itself as a Bluestone two point zero, which I think 1464 01:37:59.680 --> 01:38:02.399 is interesting experiment, and this is what we want to 1465 01:38:02.439 --> 01:38:07.319 do in Madrid because the original Blue Zones are just 1466 01:38:07.359 --> 01:38:11.279 a marketing plot by Dan Bergner when he was at 1467 01:38:11.399 --> 01:38:14.920 National Geographic and what he wrote, you know, the five 1468 01:38:15.760 --> 01:38:21.960 Blue Zones

traditional blue zones Sardinia in Italy, Ikaria in Greece, 1469 01:38:22.119 --> 01:38:29.520 Okinagua in Japan, Nicoia Peninsula in Costa Rica, and Lo 1470 01:38:29.720 --> 01:38:34.159 Ma Linda in California. All of them have lower life 1471 01:38:34.239 --> 01:38:39.119 respectancies than Madrid, so how can they be blue zones? 1472 01:38:39.159 --> 01:38:42.079 And these are tiny places, you know, like Ikaria, it 1473 01:38:42.119 --> 01:38:46.479 carries a statistical mistake. You know, Madrid has over eight 1474 01:38:46.600 --> 01:38:51.920 million people with a longer life respectancy than I Carria, Sardinia, Okinawa, 1475 01:38:51.960 --> 01:38:52.680 Loma Linda. 1476 01:38:53.119 --> 01:38:55.560 But just one more thing about this being marketing. 1477 01:38:55.920 --> 01:38:59.359 I was a few months ago in Miami, and maybe 1478 01:38:59.399 --> 01:39:03.399 some of you know that the Seventh Day Adventist Church 1479 01:39:04.159 --> 01:39:08.439 both the rights of the Blue Zones. They paid I 1480 01:39:08.439 --> 01:39:11.960 don't know if two three million dollars to Dan Werner 1481 01:39:12.079 --> 01:39:15.079 for the idea of the concept. And now they are 1482 01:39:15.159 --> 01:39:20.239 building a huge, a huge center in downtown Miami which 1483 01:39:20.319 --> 01:39:24.760 I visited. It's called the Blue Zone Center. And again 1484 01:39:25.039 --> 01:39:27.720 it was just marketing if you really want a blue 1485 01:39:27.760 --> 01:39:30.119 Zone center, come to Madrid. 1486 01:39:31.560 --> 01:39:34.880 All right, thank you, Jose, And you and I had 1487 01:39:34.880 --> 01:39:41.239 a conversation as to what potential hypotheses could explain the 1488 01:39:41.359 --> 01:39:45.520 greater longevity of people in Madrid. I had a hypothesis, 1489 01:39:45.520 --> 01:39:48.640 but it ended up being incorrect. So I would be 1490 01:39:48.680 --> 01:39:52.359 interested in more studies being done as to why the 1491 01:39:52.439 --> 01:39:56.800 life expectancy in Madrid is relatively so high over eighty 1492 01:39:56.840 --> 01:39:57.399 six years. 1493 01:39:57.399 --> 01:39:59.920 That is impressive for a city, especially. 1494 01:40:00.079 --> 01:40:02.640 Yes, for for a city so big. But again we 1495 01:40:02.720 --> 01:40:05.520 will show the answer. That is why we are commissioning 1496 01:40:05.960 --> 01:40:10.399 not one or two, but three studies by the consulting 1497 01:40:10.439 --> 01:40:14.920 company McKinsey, by the Royal Academy of Medicine of Spain 1498 01:40:15.119 --> 01:40:18.920 and by the National Science Foundation of Spain. So I 1499 01:40:18.960 --> 01:40:22.600 hope one of those three will find out the resource 1500 01:40:22.840 --> 01:40:26.359 that do have to do something with the points of 1501 01:40:26.399 --> 01:40:33.439 the blue estones. I repeat, Mediterranean diet, exercise familiar relations 1502 01:40:33.479 --> 01:40:37.920 and as the French say, Juan de Vivra, you know 1503 01:40:38.000 --> 01:40:40.640 the joy to be alive, which is what we want 1504 01:40:40.680 --> 01:40:41.479 to try exactly. 1505 01:40:41.880 --> 01:40:46.720 And you so say, are making them live alone? Enthusiastic? 1506 01:40:53.359 --> 01:40:57.279 Yes, yes, Hose, you are definitely an exemplar of that. 1507 01:40:58.039 --> 01:41:02.279 So thank you for or being a role model to 1508 01:41:02.840 --> 01:41:07.159 all those who seek to take joy in life. And 1509 01:41:07.359 --> 01:41:12.199 I also wanted to bring up three comments from David Wood. 1510 01:41:12.239 --> 01:41:15.960 First of all, he says Google wrote to recovery the 1511 01:41:15.960 --> 01:41:20.560 government's twenty twenty five mandate to NHS England to find 1512 01:41:20.800 --> 01:41:24.840 more details of the UK government initiative that he mentioned. 1513 01:41:25.119 --> 01:41:28.960 Another recommendation from David one of the best AI tools 1514 01:41:29.039 --> 01:41:32.279 to improve scientific discovery and his view as future House 1515 01:41:32.680 --> 01:41:34.880 funded by, among other sources. 1516 01:41:34.600 --> 01:41:38.079 Eric Schmidt, who used to be the CEO of Google. 1517 01:41:38.560 --> 01:41:41.840 And finally, in the spirit of ask not what your 1518 01:41:41.840 --> 01:41:44.319 country can do for you, but ask what you can 1519 01:41:44.359 --> 01:41:47.119 do for your country, he would recommend the book Moral 1520 01:41:47.159 --> 01:41:52.399 Ambition by Rutger Bregman. So please check out those resources. 1521 01:41:52.920 --> 01:41:56.680 And Sven, would you like to say anymore, I see 1522 01:41:56.720 --> 01:41:59.039 you've got some slides pulled up. 1523 01:42:00.119 --> 01:42:01.239 Yes, exactly, thank you. 1524 01:42:01.600 --> 01:42:04.880 So first of all I have to say Mia Kulpa 1525 01:42:05.680 --> 01:42:09.000 to She'll say, because he's absolutely right that Belgium is 1526 01:42:09.079 --> 01:42:13.199 not doing anything in this area. Some of the European 1527 01:42:13.239 --> 01:42:15.840 countries are doing something. In Germany, you have the Max 1528 01:42:15.880 --> 01:42:19.159 Planck Institute. In the Netlands, you have the European Research 1529 01:42:19.199 --> 01:42:22.880 Institute for the Biology of Aging. Every pathok short, but 1530 01:42:23.000 --> 01:42:26.279 in Belgium we don't have anything. In fact, my love 1531 01:42:26.319 --> 01:42:29.600 and another lave have on all the aging work, so 1532 01:42:29.640 --> 01:42:32.880 we are even losing it. There is less aging work 1533 01:42:33.520 --> 01:42:36.199 being done in Belgium now than a few years ago, 1534 01:42:37.640 --> 01:42:40.520 and I would like to see a European Institute of 1535 01:42:40.560 --> 01:42:45.079 Aging being established, but let's hope that comes from day. 1536 01:42:47.239 --> 01:42:50.439 I also can testify that alex bandmother is indeed doing 1537 01:42:50.439 --> 01:42:53.159 so well, at least several years ago. I was lucky 1538 01:42:53.239 -->

01:42:55.920 enough to meet her and she lives at home with 1539 01:42:56.199 --> 01:43:00.680 her doctor, who herself is an old in her eighties 1540 01:43:00.760 --> 01:43:05.920 by now, still able to do everything and is fully 1541 01:43:05.960 --> 01:43:06.720 clear in mind. 1542 01:43:07.800 --> 01:43:10.680 But what I really wanted to talk about is the 1543 01:43:10.720 --> 01:43:13.800 AI discussion. I had some comments to make on that. 1544 01:43:14.960 --> 01:43:22.199 So I think we already have developed automated tools. As 1545 01:43:22.399 --> 01:43:25.760 Genad was saying, we need some type of side box 1546 01:43:26.000 --> 01:43:33.000 type of tool that will test the research, and in fact, 1547 01:43:33.039 --> 01:43:35.800 well we already have fully automated I can show here 1548 01:43:36.520 --> 01:43:42.039 how a fully automated LOP looks like in the pharmaceutical industry. Now, 1549 01:43:42.079 --> 01:43:48.279 these all labs that don't use AI to do experiments. 1550 01:43:48.359 --> 01:43:51.600 It's humans coming up with experiments and the robots doing it. However, 1551 01:43:51.760 --> 01:43:55.880 small scale integration systems have already been built where AI 1552 01:43:55.960 --> 01:43:58.359 comes up with hypothesis and then you have a fully 1553 01:43:58.520 --> 01:44:02.520 automated LAP that tests the hypothesis that the AI comes 1554 01:44:02.600 --> 01:44:05.920 up with, and then the findings from that gets funneled 1555 01:44:05.960 --> 01:44:08.520 back into the EI, who comes up with new hypotheses 1556 01:44:08.600 --> 01:44:09.880 that then that get tested. 1557 01:44:11.279 --> 01:44:13.399 But there are challenges in all of this. 1558 01:44:16.199 --> 01:44:19.239 So the challenges that we're also pointed out at a 1559 01:44:19.239 --> 01:44:24.800 conference is the lack of data. And also there is 1560 01:44:24.840 --> 01:44:28.199 no incentive for people to build a large data to 1561 01:44:28.920 --> 01:44:32.119 build the library of all the data that exists, because 1562 01:44:32.119 --> 01:44:32.439 who is. 1563 01:44:32.439 --> 01:44:36.680 Going to fund that work. U and the llms were. 1564 01:44:36.520 --> 01:44:39.039 Trained on millions of books, but we don't have that 1565 01:44:39.079 --> 01:44:42.760 type of tentalized access to scientific data. 1566 01:44:42.920 --> 01:44:43.039 Now. 1567 01:44:43.079 --> 01:44:46.359 A problem with the scientific data is also it's very heterogeneous. 1568 01:44:46.520 --> 01:44:50.399 You have texts data obviously, you have tables, you have graphs, 1569 01:44:50.600 --> 01:44:55.039 you have histological sections, you have Western blocks. So you 1570 01:44:55.079 --> 01:45:00.000 have all of these different data which will need different 1571 01:45:00.159 --> 01:45:04.920 types of training to be used for AI to be 1572 01:45:05.000 --> 01:45:08.680 analyzing those, and of course, as we as pointed out, 1573 01:45:08.840 --> 01:45:12.000 you still will need to do experiments with all that data. 1574 01:45:12.760 --> 01:45:16.239 So in my opinion, AI is a tool just like 1575 01:45:16.359 --> 01:45:20.760 all the scientific tools. It's not replacing the existing tools, 1576 01:45:20.760 --> 01:45:24.560 but it's adding to the existing tools. And yes, I'm 1577 01:45:24.680 --> 01:45:29.479 very hopeful that AI will accelerate the research just like 1578 01:45:29.560 --> 01:45:32.920 every other scientific tool. Think about christ pass has also 1579 01:45:33.119 --> 01:45:39.159 accelerated our scientific research. Our aspect has also accelerated our research. 1580 01:45:39.439 --> 01:45:42.960 Every one of these scientific tools accelerates research. In fact, 1581 01:45:43.520 --> 01:45:46.520 the best way to accelerate scientific research is to build 1582 01:45:46.560 --> 01:45:49.680 a new tool, because tools generally bring in a lot 1583 01:45:49.720 --> 01:45:51.479 of new knowledge. 1584 01:45:51.720 --> 01:45:53.239 That was my remarks. 1585 01:45:53.840 --> 01:45:57.159 Yes, thank you very much then, and I completely agree. 1586 01:45:57.600 --> 01:46:01.600 AI is a new tool or a suite of tools, 1587 01:46:01.680 --> 01:46:05.720 and it will definitely help to accelerate the pace of research. 1588 01:46:05.840 --> 01:46:08.520 But the best way in which it will help will 1589 01:46:08.560 --> 01:46:12.000 be in addition to existing tools and the efforts of 1590 01:46:12.119 --> 01:46:17.039 human scientists as well. Though the AI operated lab that 1591 01:46:17.079 --> 01:46:21.039 you showed as quite impressive. So I live in northern 1592 01:46:21.079 --> 01:46:27.720 Nevada and in Reno, Nevada, there is a facility operated 1593 01:46:27.760 --> 01:46:32.840 by doctor Bill Andrews. His company Sierra Sciences is leasing 1594 01:46:33.279 --> 01:46:37.439 about ten thousand square foot ten thousand square foot building 1595 01:46:37.880 --> 01:46:42.239 with lab space, and prior to the pandemic. He would 1596 01:46:42.239 --> 01:46:46.479 give people tours of the lab space, including the assay 1597 01:46:46.600 --> 01:46:52.960 robots that he had, which also could essentially test several 1598 01:46:53.439 --> 01:46:55.319 one hundred samples a minute. 1599 01:46:55.720 --> 01:46:58.800 And these particular. 1600 01:46:58.520 --> 01:47:02.640 Robots that you showed are even more advanced than what 1601 01:47:02.880 --> 01:47:08.720 Bill Andrews demonstrated. His robots are probably definitely more than 1602 01:47:08.760 --> 01:47:13.039 a decade old, probably around two decades old based on 1603 01:47:13.479 --> 01:47:18.319 my knowledge of when he had essentially peak funding to 1604 01:47:19.039 --> 01:47:25.720 acquire those robots. But yes, some functions of lab experiments, 1605 01:47:25.760 --> 01:47:30.880 such as taking essays of various substances, can be automated 1606 01:47:31.520 --> 01:47:36.319 and indeed scaled up massively through this kind of technology. 1607 01:47:36.920 -->

01:47:41.760 And if AI can supply certain hypotheses as a test 1608 01:47:41.920 --> 01:47:46.840 these substances in this manner, these robots could at least 1609 01:47:46.880 --> 01:47:53.880 in principle, implement those tests. So we have about six 1610 01:47:53.920 --> 01:47:58.279 minutes left in our Virtual Enlightenment Salon today. I would 1611 01:47:58.319 --> 01:48:00.399 like to ask art Ramon if he has as any 1612 01:48:00.520 --> 01:48:03.760 questions or comments based on what has been discussed or 1613 01:48:03.760 --> 01:48:07.640 anything else he's curious about in regard to longevity summing Dublin. 1614 01:48:10.000 --> 01:48:16.000 Not specifically with the summit, but just from what I 1615 01:48:16.039 --> 01:48:21.199 remember hearing. This one diet YouTube is an influencer Xcia Guy. 1616 01:48:21.319 --> 01:48:25.039 He says that the government sees the population like the 1617 01:48:25.159 --> 01:48:32.079 super organism, just a GD producing super organism, and reminds 1618 01:48:32.119 --> 01:48:36.880 me like early on during COVID, how they predicted there 1619 01:48:36.880 --> 01:48:40.600 would be like two point two million deaths and they 1620 01:48:40.600 --> 01:48:44.520 had to throttle that death by the lockdowns. Well, with 1621 01:48:45.199 --> 01:48:49.520 you know, the upcoming Java apocalypse, maybe they want to 1622 01:48:50.279 --> 01:48:54.800 increase that death rate because you're just going to have 1623 01:48:54.840 --> 01:48:57.880 an excess number of people who aren't going to be 1624 01:48:57.880 --> 01:49:03.399 producing much to say, kind of cynical, I don't, but 1625 01:49:03.520 --> 01:49:07.880 that's what comes to mind when I see like the 1626 01:49:07.920 --> 01:49:12.439 funding cuts in ih It's just they really don't care. 1627 01:49:13.079 --> 01:49:14.039 They kind of need that. 1628 01:49:14.119 --> 01:49:19.039 Turnover the super organism. And you know, maybe that the 1629 01:49:19.079 --> 01:49:22.439 funding will come back one day, but in the short term, 1630 01:49:22.479 --> 01:49:25.960 you know, with the slow moving World war, they have 1631 01:49:26.039 --> 01:49:30.680 other things to concentrate on. But hopefully, you know, other 1632 01:49:31.279 --> 01:49:33.880 countries could pick up the slack, you know, the European 1633 01:49:33.960 --> 01:49:38.159 Union and like I said that, those Blue zones, hopefully 1634 01:49:38.159 --> 01:49:40.399 they can pick up the slack while you know the 1635 01:49:40.479 --> 01:49:41.399 US drops the ball. 1636 01:49:43.359 --> 01:49:48.640 Yes, fortunately, and I'll say this fortunately the power elites, 1637 01:49:49.520 --> 01:49:54.600 especially in the United States, are too uncoordinated and too 1638 01:49:54.640 --> 01:49:58.279 short sighted in my view, to be the kinds of 1639 01:49:58.359 --> 01:50:01.800 systems thinkers that they would need to be in order 1640 01:50:01.920 --> 01:50:07.720 to be deliberately seeking the reduction of the human population 1641 01:50:07.880 --> 01:50:10.680 in the manner you describe. So I'm a bit more 1642 01:50:10.720 --> 01:50:14.479 optimistic in that I don't think they're smart enough to 1643 01:50:14.560 --> 01:50:18.760 even come up with that idea. I think they are 1644 01:50:19.319 --> 01:50:24.720 essentially pursuing very short term'sed agendas, appealing to their base, 1645 01:50:25.439 --> 01:50:32.159 and really acting in almost complete ignorance of what they're doing. 1646 01:50:32.439 --> 01:50:36.920 So they're cutting so thoughtlessly because really they haven't thought 1647 01:50:36.960 --> 01:50:41.680 about the implications of what they're cutting, and they haven't 1648 01:50:41.680 --> 01:50:45.720 thought about how it would affect their longevity personally, because 1649 01:50:45.880 --> 01:50:48.239 if a power elead were to engage in the kind 1650 01:50:48.279 --> 01:50:51.359 of nefarious scheme you describe, at least they would have 1651 01:50:51.399 --> 01:50:54.560 protected some of the longevity research for themselves. 1652 01:50:54.600 --> 01:50:55.840 But they're not even doing that. 1653 01:50:56.640 --> 01:51:01.279 So I would say, I'm not going to attribute to 1654 01:51:01.359 --> 01:51:05.319 malice something that can be explained by incompetence or, as 1655 01:51:05.399 --> 01:51:08.159 jose would put it, human stupidity. 1656 01:51:08.399 --> 01:51:12.399 But thank you for your observation there. 1657 01:51:13.079 --> 01:51:18.439 I think it's also important to note, and this was 1658 01:51:19.279 --> 01:51:30.239 observed previously, that there are concerns about who will access 1659 01:51:30.880 --> 01:51:35.279 these advances, and that's a worthwhile discussion to have. Mike 1660 01:51:35.399 --> 01:51:40.880 Lazine pointed this out in some of his comments. He wrote, 1661 01:51:40.920 --> 01:51:44.279 all of these different types of technology sound very expensive. 1662 01:51:44.760 --> 01:51:47.880 How many people have healthcare plans that can cover these 1663 01:51:47.920 --> 01:51:52.079 procedures or is at all out of pocket? And David 1664 01:51:52.119 --> 01:51:55.119 Wood wrote, this is something we should come back to 1665 01:51:56.000 --> 01:51:59.640 because it's a very important question. So, David, we have 1666 01:51:59.680 --> 01:52:03.359 about two minutes left. I wonder if you could provide 1667 01:52:03.399 --> 01:52:06.079 some brief points in response to Mike, and then we 1668 01:52:06.119 --> 01:52:06.840 will conclude. 1669 01:52:08.399 --> 01:52:10.439 So we've discussed a bit of this already. This is 1670 01:52:10.479 --> 01:52:13.000 when I talked about, well we can scale things up. 1671 01:52:13.159 --> 01:52:18.000 We have government support, government guarantees for using the products 1672 01:52:18.000 --> 01:52:21.600 at scale. But another thing that has already been mentioned here, 1673 01:52:21.680 --> 01:52:25.039 and I want to support what Jose Acodero was saying, 1674

01:52:25.520 --> 01:52:29.319 which is that there can be prizes which can galvanize 1675 01:52:29.880 --> 01:52:34.319 lots of innovative news solutions. So there has recently been 1676 01:52:34.399 --> 01:52:40.000 a selection of semi finalists, there were many more companies 1677 01:52:40.039 --> 01:52:44.479 and organizations or teams that have produced high quality research 1678 01:52:44.640 --> 01:52:48.439 then had been theared. So this is very encouraging. But 1679 01:52:48.520 --> 01:52:51.479 another thing that's very encouraging about Xprize. I want to 1680 01:52:51.520 --> 01:52:55.239 give a shout out to Alberto Aparicio because he gave 1681 01:52:55.319 --> 01:52:58.520 a very nice presentation at Dublin. It's worth checking out 1682 01:52:58.560 --> 01:53:01.239 once the videos are available. He pointed out that the 1683 01:53:01.279 --> 01:53:04.880 way the Exprize for health Span had been set up, 1684 01:53:04.920 --> 01:53:08.479 it actually met a lot of the possible ethical concerns 1685 01:53:08.960 --> 01:53:11.319 that some people might have had. They might have thought, well, 1686 01:53:11.399 --> 01:53:14.960 are these people really informed of what's going on? He 1687 01:53:15.119 --> 01:53:19.199 had raised about seven different possible ethical concerns and he 1688 01:53:19.399 --> 01:53:22.640 argued that this had been very well designed and so 1689 01:53:22.840 --> 01:53:25.600 this is another reason to expect that the Exprize health 1690 01:53:25.600 --> 01:53:29.239 Span is going to have a big impact. And one 1691 01:53:29.319 --> 01:53:32.920 final reference to one more talk is the idea from 1692 01:53:33.000 --> 01:53:39.479 Keith Camito, who is the president of the Lifespan and 1693 01:53:39.520 --> 01:53:42.600 Research Institute. He gave a very interesting talk which he 1694 01:53:42.680 --> 01:53:46.560 basically talked a lot about at Disney narrative which had 1695 01:53:46.600 --> 01:53:51.800 come from an ancient Indonesian narrative about Muawi, in which 1696 01:53:51.840 --> 01:53:57.159 he related some of our present day concerns about slowing 1697 01:53:57.199 --> 01:54:02.000 down aging to an ancient Indonesian idea about slowing down 1698 01:54:02.119 --> 01:54:05.520 the sun. And Key's bigger argument is, you know, we 1699 01:54:05.600 --> 01:54:09.520 need to explore different ways of talking about what we're 1700 01:54:09.520 --> 01:54:14.760 doing that might resonate with ancient cultural traditions or other 1701 01:54:14.840 --> 01:54:18.399 ways to make people inspired. And so Keith is saying, 1702 01:54:18.479 --> 01:54:21.800 let's be creative in the narratives as well as pursuing 1703 01:54:21.840 --> 01:54:23.880 the science. And this matches my own view that what 1704 01:54:23.920 --> 01:54:29.479 we're doing here, it's not just a bioengineering, it is 1705 01:54:29.720 --> 01:54:34.439 narrative engineering and also community engineering. And it's by doing 1706 01:54:34.520 --> 01:54:38.399 these three things well and that goes way beyond technology, 1707 01:54:38.520 --> 01:54:41.479 that we can bring down the costs for everybody and 1708 01:54:41.560 --> 01:54:45.319 get more people united together working on these problems rather 1709 01:54:45.359 --> 01:54:48.359 than being distracted into all the kind of terrible things 1710 01:54:48.359 --> 01:54:51.000 that most of us do often get distracted into. 1711 01:54:52.119 --> 01:54:56.079 Yes, thank you very much David for those inspiring words. 1712 01:54:56.079 --> 01:54:59.560 And indeed we need all of these forms of engineering 1713 01:55:00.079 --> 01:55:03.319 so that we can all live long and prosper