अनुलिपि 🔗
WEBVTT
00:00:30.399 --> 00:00:33.439
Welcome back, listeners, to the Introverted Obelisk.
00:00:33.600 --> 00:00:38.719
I'm your host, Obi Knox, and I've been thinking about family legacies yet again.
00:00:38.960 --> 00:00:52.079
Last time we talked about Wolf Frankenstein inheriting his father's estate, his father's reputation, and eventually his father's monster, despite receiving several extremely reasonable warnings that perhaps that particular inheritance should be left alone.
00:00:52.320 --> 00:01:00.640
Wolf eventually figured that out and dropped the monster into a boiling sulfur pit, which, you know, seems like a fairly definitive way of closing the family business.
00:01:00.960 --> 00:01:08.560
Unfortunately, we're four movies into a universal horror series, so definitive has become a very flexible term.
00:01:08.879 --> 00:01:12.159
The Freigenstein family still has yet another son.
00:01:12.319 --> 00:01:18.560
The monster has proven remarkably difficult to get rid of, and Igor has already survived one hanging and several bullets.
00:01:18.799 --> 00:01:23.760
At this point, death is becoming less of an ending and more of just an inconvenience.
00:01:23.920 --> 00:01:28.640
So tonight, we're picking up almost exactly where we left off with Earl C.
00:01:28.799 --> 00:01:33.040
Kenton's 1942 The Ghost of Frankenstein.
00:01:33.200 --> 00:01:38.799
The movie opens back in the village, where the townspeople have finally decided they have had absolutely enough.
00:01:38.959 --> 00:01:50.640
Henry Frankenstein is dead, Wolf Frankenstein has left, the monster is supposedly gone, and yet everyone remains convinced that the family has left a curse hanging over the place.
00:01:50.879 --> 00:01:59.760
At four movies, let's face it, the villagers have probably exhausted the normal channels, and whatever complaints have been filed clearly haven't solved the problem.
00:01:59.920 --> 00:02:06.159
So they decide to handle the Frankenstein situation themselves by marching on the castle and tearing it apart.
00:02:06.400 --> 00:02:14.400
Fortunately, in trying to rid themselves of the family's legacy once and for all, they actually manage to accomplish exactly the opposite.
00:02:14.560 --> 00:02:24.639
The destruction disturbs the sulfur pit where Wolf sent the monster at the end of Son of Frankenstein, and Igor discovers that his old friend has survived yet again.
00:02:24.879 --> 00:02:29.680
And of course, Igor survived too, despite Wolf shooting him several times in the previous movie.
00:02:29.840 --> 00:02:34.800
Adding gunfire to the hanging he already managed to survive, in Son of Frankenstein.
00:02:35.039 --> 00:02:41.759
So at this point, if I were one of the villagers, I'd honestly stop trying to kill him and start asking him medical questions.
00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:46.159
Well, Igor and the monster survived the destruction of the castle, imagine that.
00:02:46.400 --> 00:02:51.280
And set out on their own adventure, eventually making their way towards the town of Viseria.
00:02:51.439 --> 00:02:59.680
The monster may have survived, but there is one very noticeable difference when we see him again, and that is Boris Karloff isn't playing him anymore.
00:02:59.840 --> 00:03:08.639
After Frankenstein, bride of Frankenstein, and son of Frankenstein, Karloff's original run as the monster has come to an end.
00:03:08.960 --> 00:03:18.960
Universal had no intention of retiring the character, but by late 1941, Karloff was committed to the Broadway production of Arsenic and Old Lace and wasn't available for the new film.
00:03:19.199 --> 00:03:24.000
So Universal essentially handed the bolts to its newest horror star, Lon Cheney Jr.
00:03:24.240 --> 00:03:36.080
Cheney was coming off a huge success for Universal as Larry Talbot in The Wolfman, which we've covered previously, and that film has been released only a few months before production begins on Ghost of Frankenstein.
00:03:36.159 --> 00:03:44.879
So now Universal was asking him to trade the fur for Jack Pierce's monster makeup and take over a role Boris Karloff had spent three movies making his own.
00:03:45.039 --> 00:03:51.759
And I'm just gonna point out that's a tough act to follow, but wisely, Cheney did not try to imitate him.
00:03:52.000 --> 00:04:03.439
In fact, I would go far as to say, his monster feels bigger, heavier, and more imposing, but also more distant than the creature we met in the earlier films.
00:04:03.599 --> 00:04:10.479
And some of that comes from Cheney's performance, but a lot of it I think comes from what the series is asking the monster to be by this point.
00:04:10.639 --> 00:04:20.879
He no longer speaks, he gets fewer glimpses of the confusion and loneliness Karloff brought to the character, and other people are increasingly deciding what happens to him.
00:04:21.120 --> 00:04:29.519
Example, Igor wants to control him, the Frankensteins keep trying to fix him, and just about everyone else would prefer that he be destroyed.
00:04:29.680 --> 00:04:38.959
The monster himself is still the center of the story, but he's gradually becoming someone the story happens to, rather than someone who drives it himself.
00:04:39.199 --> 00:04:48.000
Chaney does get a few chances to show us that the monster still has some Vizzle personality, and one of the best comes shortly after he and Igor reach Viseria.
00:04:48.160 --> 00:04:51.519
He encounters a little girl named Cloistine Husman.
00:04:51.920 --> 00:05:02.160
And if you've been with us since Frankenstein in 1931, seeing the monster alone with a little girl near the water probably does not inspire confidence.
00:05:02.399 --> 00:05:06.800
Well, thankfully, Cloistine's encounter goes very different from Maria's.
00:05:07.040 --> 00:05:09.120
She isn't afraid of the monster at all.
00:05:09.279 --> 00:05:16.560
She simply wants him to retrieve her ball, and he responds to her with a gentleness we haven't seen very often lately.
00:05:16.720 -->
Load full transcript
00:05:22.879
And it's a nice reminder, you know, that the monster still isn't violent simply because violence is all he understands.
00:05:23.040 --> 00:05:29.360
In fact, when someone approaches him without fear or hostility, we see he's capable of responding the exact same way.
00:05:29.600 --> 00:05:34.560
Well, naturally, Viseria isn't going to give him much opportunity to explore that side of himself.
00:05:34.800 --> 00:05:38.000
Naturally, the encounter with Cloistine can't stay this peaceful.
00:05:38.240 --> 00:05:43.759
Her father arrives looking for her, sees the monster, and immediately understands that his daughter is in danger.
00:05:44.000 --> 00:05:46.800
Even if Cloistine herself doesn't see it that way.
00:05:46.959 --> 00:05:58.720
The monster reacts violently when Husman tries to intervene, and what began as one of the few gentle moments Cheney gets with the character quickly turns into exactly the kind of incident that keeps villagers terrified of him.
00:05:58.959 --> 00:06:05.120
And before long the authorities are involved, the monster is captured, and Igor suddenly has a new problem.
00:06:05.519 --> 00:06:07.279
He needs to get his old friend back.
00:06:07.519 --> 00:06:14.959
That also gives us our way into the next member of the Frankenstein family, because the monster's capture eventually brings him to the attention of Dr.
00:06:15.120 --> 00:06:20.079
Ludwig Frankenstein, Henry's second son and Wolf's brother.
00:06:20.319 --> 00:06:20.800
So Dr.
00:06:20.959 --> 00:06:29.600
Ludwig Frankenstein is played by Sir Cedric Hardwick, and unlike Wolf, he has made a deliberate effort to separate himself from the family legacy.
00:06:29.839 --> 00:06:44.720
He's a respected physician who specializes in diseases of the brain, and has built a successful career without digging up corpses or attaching lightning rods to, you know, anything, which already makes him probably the most promising Frankenstein we've met thus far.
00:06:44.959 --> 00:06:48.079
Well, Ludwig works alongside two assistants, Dr.
00:06:48.240 --> 00:06:49.439
Kettering and Dr.
00:06:49.600 --> 00:06:50.000
Bomber.
00:06:50.319 --> 00:06:57.279
Bomber is played by Lionel Atwell, who apparently enjoyed his stay with the Frankenstein family so much that he's back already.
00:06:57.439 --> 00:07:07.360
He was Inspector Krog the last time we saw him, but now he's traded the artificial arm and police uniform for a laboratory coat in a completely different set of problems.
00:07:07.680 --> 00:07:13.439
Bomber was once a talented physician himself, but a serious professional mistake ruined his career.
00:07:13.600 --> 00:07:25.439
The two men are working on techniques involving the human brain, which means Ludwig has managed to escape his father's particular branch of science while still choosing one that is about to become extremely relevant.
00:07:25.600 --> 00:07:30.240
Ludwig also has a daughter, whose name is Elsa, and she's a big part of his life.
00:07:30.399 --> 00:07:35.360
And she's played by Evelyn Anchors, who had just appeared opposite Lon Cheney Jr.
00:07:35.439 --> 00:07:38.720
in The Wolfman, which we covered a few weeks back.
00:07:38.959 --> 00:07:43.680
The Universal Horror family is beginning to get very comfortable with one another, I gotta say.
00:07:43.920 --> 00:07:55.680
So when Prosecutor Eric Ernst asks Ludwig to examine the strange man being held by the authorities, Ludwig arrives at the police station and discovers something he desperately hoped never to see, his father's creation.
00:07:55.920 --> 00:07:59.120
Igor approaches Ludwig with a very simple request.
00:07:59.360 --> 00:08:04.399
The monster's brain is damaged, and he wants Ludwig to use his medical expertise to repair it.
00:08:04.560 --> 00:08:07.600
Ludwig, unimaginably, refuses.
00:08:07.839 --> 00:08:16.879
And here I have to give him credit because after Henry and Wolf, we finally found a Frankenstein whose first response to the monster is essentially absolutely not.
00:08:17.279 --> 00:08:22.720
Ludwig understands what his father's experiments did to the family, and he wants no part of continuing them.
00:08:22.800 --> 00:08:30.319
He spent years building a life away from that history, and he has no intention of throwing it away because Igor has suddenly appeared with the family monster.
00:08:30.560 --> 00:08:41.919
Igor naturally doesn't take no particularly well, so he helps the monster escape custody, and before long they've brought the whole Frankenstein problem directly to Ludwig's doorstep.
00:08:42.080 --> 00:08:43.200
The monster kills Dr.
00:08:43.279 --> 00:08:49.759
Kettering, and suddenly Ludwig isn't dealing with his father's legacy from a comfortable distance anymore.
00:08:49.840 --> 00:08:51.919
One of his own colleagues is dead because of it.
00:08:52.080 --> 00:09:00.399
Elsa also discovers the truth when she finds her grandfather's records and realizes that the stories surrounding the Frankenstein name aren't simply village superstition.
00:09:00.559 --> 00:09:08.080
Ludwig eventually manages to incapacitate the monster with gas, and at this point he decides he's going to end the problem permanently.
00:09:08.320 --> 00:09:12.240
His plan is to destroy the creature, which, let's be honest, is sensible.
00:09:12.399 --> 00:09:18.559
But then, Ludwig sees the ghost of his father, and this is where the title finally earns its paycheck.
00:09:18.720 --> 00:09:31.919
The ghost appears to Ludwig and urges him not to destroy the monster, arguing that the creation represents Henry Frankenstein's greatest achievement, and that Ludwig has the opportunity to perfect what his father began.
00:09:32.080 --> 00:09:45.039
Now, whether we're meant to take this as an actual supernatural visitation, or as Ludwig's own mind giving form to the family obsession, I would say it's not clear, but I would also say it's not really the important part.
00:09:45.200 --> 00:09:52.240
What matters is that
Ludwig, who has spent his life trying to escape his father's shadow, finally gives into it.
00:09:52.480 --> 00:09:58.639
And now we have another Frankenstein standing over the monster, thinking that maybe he can be the one who gets it right.
00:09:58.879 --> 00:10:02.639
Let's just point it out, the family resemblance was bound to show up eventually.
00:10:02.960 --> 00:10:10.559
So, Ludwig decides that the instead of destroying the monster, he'll solve the problem by replacing his damaged brain with a healthy one.
00:10:10.720 --> 00:10:19.759
Because apparently, once you're dealing with a body assembled from corpses, and brought back from the dead, brain transplantation starts to sound like a perfectly reasonable treatment option.
00:10:19.919 --> 00:10:22.799
Ludwig intends to use the brain of his merge assistant Kettery.
00:10:22.879 --> 00:10:30.399
An idea that's putting a good, intelligent man's brain in the monster's body could finally create the stable being his father wanted.
00:10:30.639 --> 00:10:37.440
Igor has a different idea and suggests that Ludwig put his brain into the monster instead.
00:10:37.679 --> 00:10:46.240
Which isn't difficult to understand considering he spent years trapped in a broken body while sitting beside a creature that's enormously strong and impossible to kill.
00:10:46.480 --> 00:10:52.879
I mean, from Igor's perspective, transferring his brain into that body isn't merely a medical procedure.
00:10:53.039 --> 00:10:54.960
It's like the ultimate upgrade.
00:10:55.120 --> 00:10:57.519
Of course, Ludwig refuses.
00:10:57.919 --> 00:11:02.080
Igor takes the proposal to Bomber instead, and what does Bomber do?
00:11:02.240 --> 00:11:04.320
He puts Igor's brain into the monster.
00:11:04.559 --> 00:11:10.720
Igor, in return, promises him power and influence once that he has the monster's strength under his control.
00:11:10.879 --> 00:11:23.200
Ludvig refuses, so Igor takes the proposal to Bomber instead, and tells him if Bomber puts Igor's brain in the monster, Igor will give him power and influence once he has the monster's strength under control.
00:11:23.440 --> 00:11:33.840
Bomber agrees, which, I don't know, seems particularly ungrateful considering Ludwig gave him a job after Bomber's own medical career collapsed, you know, because of that whole disastrous mistake.
00:11:34.000 --> 00:11:39.440
And I don't know, I was gonna say after this, Ludwig may want to consider revising his employee screening process.
00:11:39.600 --> 00:11:44.559
Before the operation can happen, the monster gets loose yet again and returns to Cloistine.
00:11:44.879 --> 00:11:48.960
But this time, his affection for her takes a much more disturbing turn.
00:11:49.200 --> 00:12:02.399
You see, he abducts the girl and brings her to Ludwig because he wants her brain transplanted into his body, apparently believing that possessing it will somehow give him the qualities he responds to in her.
00:12:02.639 --> 00:12:10.240
And it is unsettling precisely because his motivation it doesn't seem mal it's not doesn't seem malicious.
00:12:10.720 --> 00:12:18.320
The monster just likes Cloistine, but his damaged understanding of that affection leads him to a horrifying solution.
00:12:18.559 --> 00:12:29.840
Well, Ludwig and Elsa manage to rescue her, and after which Ludwig goes ahead with his original plan to transplant what he believes is Kettering's brain into the monster.
00:12:30.159 --> 00:12:37.039
Of course, what he doesn't know is that Ballmer has agreed to Igor's proposal and secretly makes the switch.
00:12:37.360 --> 00:12:39.919
Lo and behold, the operation is a success.
00:12:40.240 --> 00:12:43.039
And for some reason it's never made sense to me.
00:12:43.279 --> 00:12:46.159
It takes two weeks for the monster to wake up.
00:12:46.480 --> 00:12:49.120
Like, it just takes two weeks to just recover from surgery.
00:12:49.519 --> 00:12:51.519
You don't see that in the first any of the previous films.
00:12:51.679 --> 00:12:53.279
Like, I just point that out.
00:12:53.519 --> 00:12:59.600
Well, here, Bella Lagosi finally gets something Frankenstein fans have been waiting years to hear.
00:12:59.919 --> 00:13:03.440
Because they get Igor's voice coming out of the monster.
00:13:03.600 --> 00:13:11.519
And it's it's one of those wonderfully strange moments that only becomes possible once a horror series has been running long enough.
00:13:11.759 --> 00:13:27.600
Because Bella Legosi is technically now playing Igor inside Lon Cheney Jr.'s Frankenstein Monster, which is the sort of sentence that makes perfect sense if you've been watching Universal Horror, but also sounds like a medical emergency if you have it.
00:13:27.840 --> 00:13:34.399
So naturally, Igor is delighted, because for the first time in his life, he has a body powerful enough to match his ambitions.
00:13:34.639 --> 00:13:44.960
He's no longer the broken grave robber hiding in ruins and using the monster as his weapon, he is the monster now, and he immediately starts thinking about what he can do with that string.
00:13:45.279 --> 00:13:51.519
Unfortunately, there's one small detail nobody checked before performing the brain transplant: blood type.
00:13:51.679 --> 00:13:59.679
Ludwig discovers that Igor's blood is incompatible with the monster's body, and the transplant begins damaging his sensory nerves.
00:13:59.919 --> 00:14:01.600
First, he starts going blind.
00:14:01.759 --> 00:14:18.000
Then, and I have to say there's something wonderfully appropriate a band who's survived hanging, gunfire, and pretty much everything else thrown in him, finally getting the nearly indestructible body he wanted, only to discover that the warranty doesn't cover incompatible blood.
00:14:18.159 --> 00:14:26.159
Well, Igor is understandably furious, and he takes that anger out on Bomber, killing the man who helped put him into the monster's body in the first place.
00:14:26.399 --> 00:14:32.799
Well, with the villagers
closing in at the same time, whatever controlled Ludwig had over the situation is completely gone.
00:14:32.960 --> 00:14:43.360
The laboratory catches fire, Ludwig is trapped inside, and Igor, now blind inside the monster's body, goes down with the building while Elsa and Eric manage to escape.
00:14:43.519 --> 00:14:52.320
Once again, the monster appears to be dead, and let's face it, we've heard that before often enough, and I'm really not gonna start prepping a eulogy.
00:14:52.720 --> 00:14:57.200
And so, that brings us to the end of The Ghost of Frankenstein.
00:14:57.440 --> 00:15:03.120
But, before we leave Viseria, I think it's worth looking at where the series has ended up at this point.
00:15:03.279 --> 00:15:09.039
So, this is the movie where you can really feel Universal beginning to change what Frankenstein is.
00:15:09.279 --> 00:15:14.720
The first three films were built around Karloff's monster, and the Frankenstein family's relationship with him.
00:15:14.879 --> 00:15:21.279
In this film, the creature's becoming something, I would say, closer to a continuing franchise character.
00:15:21.519 --> 00:15:30.720
The monster can survive the previous ending, another Frankenstein can be introduced, another actor can go into the makeup, and the story can simply just keep moving.
00:15:30.960 --> 00:15:37.200
And I don't think that automatically makes Ghost of Frankenstein better or worse than what came before it.
00:15:37.440 --> 00:15:42.799
But I do think it makes the movie an important step in the evolution of Universal Horror.
00:15:42.960 --> 00:15:46.240
Alright, now let's talk a little bit about behind the scenes.
00:15:46.480 --> 00:15:57.279
Production began in night Production began in December 1941, and wrecked early in January, with the finished picture reaching theaters on March 6, 1942.
00:15:57.440 --> 00:16:02.240
And stepping into the monster's boots apparently came with some very literal discomfort for Lon Cheney Jr.
00:16:02.480 --> 00:16:12.080
According to contemporary reporting collected by AFI, Cheney suffered a severe allergic reaction to Jack Pierce's makeup in late December and missed several days of shooting.
00:16:12.240 --> 00:16:28.240
In addition to that, I want to point out that Universal publicly claimed that Cheney, who stood 6'3 and weighed 220 pounds, became 6'9 and 284 pounds once the costume and makeup were added.
00:16:28.399 --> 00:16:33.279
So when Cheney looks uncomfortable, I I'm pretty sure we can go ahead and just say that's more than acting.
00:16:33.519 --> 00:16:44.559
So one of the things I appreciate about his monster is that even though the character has become less emotionally complicated, Cheney doesn't play him as nothing more than you know a walking thread.
00:16:44.720 --> 00:16:49.600
The scenes with Cloystine gives him an opportunity to show the creature responding to kindness yet again.
00:16:49.919 --> 00:17:02.480
And in the same way, TCM makes a very interesting observation
that this is one of the last films in the classic universal cycle to give the monster much genuine pathos.
00:17:02.960 --> 00:17:09.279
So for me, though I still think the real star of Ghosa Frankenstein is still Bella Legosi.
00:17:09.599 --> 00:17:20.400
I mean, Igor was already the standout character in Son of Frankenstein, and bringing him back gives this movie a connection to its predecessor that goes beyond simply retrieving the monster from the sulfur pit.
00:17:20.640 --> 00:17:26.640
Legosi gets to continue the same character, but now Igor's ambitions have also changed.
00:17:26.880 --> 00:17:34.640
In Son of Frankenstein, he was content to control the monster, but here he realizes that he can actually become the monster.
00:17:34.799 --> 00:17:39.839
He's been standing next to a body that survived fire, explosions, gunshots, lighting, and a sulfur pit.
00:17:40.160 --> 00:17:46.079
And if somebody tells Igor that brain transplantation is available, the dude's gonna start salivating at the mouth.
00:17:46.240 --> 00:17:47.359
I mean, let's just face it.
00:17:47.599 --> 00:17:51.759
And the other thing I like about the movie is that, you know, the actual character of Ludwig.
00:17:52.000 --> 00:17:57.519
So Wolf Frankenstein wanted to redeem his father's reputation almost from the moment he arrived.
00:17:57.759 --> 00:18:02.240
While Ludwig, by contrast, wants nothing to do with it.
00:18:02.480 --> 00:18:11.279
In fact, he spent his whole life becoming a respected doctor in his own right, and when the monster finally reaches him, Ludwig's instinct is to end the whole thing.
00:18:11.440 --> 00:18:16.079
And that makes his eventual fall into the family obsession, to me at least, more interesting.
00:18:16.319 --> 00:18:17.599
Because he doesn't begin there.
00:18:17.759 --> 00:18:20.000
Ludwig actually has to be convinced.
00:18:20.240 --> 00:18:24.720
And fittingly, the person who finally gets through to him is the ghost of his father.
00:18:24.880 --> 00:18:28.799
And I think that's what makes the ghost of Henry Frankenstein work for me.
00:18:29.119 --> 00:18:34.160
Because when he appears, it's not to threaten Ludwig or frighten him into changing his mind.
00:18:34.319 --> 00:18:39.039
He simply offers Ludwig the one temptation he apparently cannot resist.
00:18:39.279 --> 00:18:43.359
The possibility that he might succeed were Henry failed.
00:18:43.519 --> 00:18:46.880
Ludwig has spent his entire life trying to not become his father.
00:18:46.960 --> 00:18:51.519
But once he's given the chance to finish what Henry started, all of that resistance disappears.
00:18:51.680 --> 00:18:59.200
At this point, the real Frankenstein curse isn't the monster, so much as the belief that the next Frankenstein will finally be the one who can fix him.
00:18:59.359 --> 00:19:08.559
Henry created the creature, Wolf convinced himself that he could rehabilitate him, and now Ludwig believes replacing his brain will succeed where everyone else failed.
00:19:08.799 --> 00:19:14.319
Each generation inherits the wreckage left by the one before it, and somehow reaches the exact same conclusion.
00:19:14.480 --> 00:19:16.480
The experiment itself wasn't the problem.
00:19:16.640 --> 00:19:21.599
It simply needed a better doctor, or more specifically, a better Frankenstein.
00:19:21.759 --> 00:19:28.640
So by the time the laboratory's burning again, you know, the monster has another apparent death behind him, and another Frankenstein is gone.
00:19:28.799 --> 00:19:32.000
And the family has learned exactly the same lesson it learned the last time.
00:19:32.240 --> 00:19:35.920
Fortunately for Universal, the studio has no intention of learning it.
00:19:36.160 --> 00:19:39.680
Alright, so folks, just a quick check-in on things here at the obelisk.
00:19:40.079 --> 00:19:47.920
I mentioned last time that there was some machinery below the archive drawing electricity, even though I couldn't find any of it on the circuit diagrams.
00:19:48.160 --> 00:19:55.359
And, you know, I told you I decided to not investigate, and just want to be clear, I still feel that that was the absolute correct decision.
00:19:55.839 --> 00:20:04.000
Unfortunately, whatever's down there has apparently decided to investigate me, because yesterday I found a note outside the studio door.
00:20:04.160 --> 00:20:08.640
There was no envelope, no signature, just a piece of paper with three words written on it.
00:20:08.960 --> 00:20:10.799
Need better brain.
00:20:11.119 --> 00:20:20.559
I am, however, choosing to interpret that as healthy criticism of the podcast, because that way it's just criticism and, you know, not a request.
00:20:20.880 --> 00:20:27.200
So thank thanks for joining me for another trip into cinema's shadows here on the introverted obelisk.
00:20:27.359 --> 00:20:29.279
I'm your host, Obi Knox.
00:20:29.599 --> 00:20:43.279
Until next time, keep your lab equipment maintained, be careful what you inherit, and if Bill Lagosi asks to whether your laboratory is capable of transplanting brains, whatever you do, do not introduce him to Lionel Atwell.
00:20:43.759 --> 00:20:44.559
Good night.