#21 The Markov Incident: Does ___ Tiger Remember?-এর সম্পূর্ণ প্রতিলিপি

--> 00:03:04,099 Speaker: exaggeration. 91 00:03:04,099 --> 00:03:04,740 Speaker: Okay. 92 00:03:04,740 --> 00:03:06,699 Speaker: animal revenge. 93 00:03:06,699 --> 00:03:07,219 Speaker: Mhm. 94 00:03:07,219 --> 00:03:11,780 Speaker: So he's saying we are Anthropomorphizing. 95 00:03:11,780 --> 00:03:12,219 Speaker: Yeah. 96 00:03:12,219 --> 00:03:13,740 Speaker: Their revenge in some way. 97 00:03:13,740 --> 00:03:14,780 Speaker: Right, right, right. 98 00:03:14,780 --> 00:03:15,740 Speaker: Yeah. 99 00:03:15,740 --> 00:03:16,419 Speaker: Okay. 100 00:03:16,419 --> 00:03:20,340 Speaker: So. Today on lab labs, we are going, big cat. 101 00:03:20,340 --> 00:03:24,740 Speaker: Oh. That was good. 102 00:03:24,740 --> 00:03:25,740 Speaker: Yeah. 103 00:03:25,740 --> 00:03:26,819 Speaker: Okay. 104 00:03:26,819 --> 00:03:31,479 Speaker: your first lab libs is in this one, which is funny because your 105 00:03:31,479 --> 00:03:35,639 Speaker: category was a large animal and you said lion, so am I right? 106 00:03:35,639 --> 00:03:36,680 Speaker: How are you feeling? 107 00:03:36,680 --> 00:03:37,159 Speaker: I'm feeling good. 108 00:03:37,159 --> 00:03:37,960 Speaker: That's a big cat. 109 00:03:37,960 --> 00:03:38,960 Speaker: Oh, that's a big cat. 110 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:39,520 Speaker: Is it a lion? 111 00:03:39,520 --> 00:03:40,879 Speaker: It could be a tiger. 112 00:03:40,879 --> 00:03:42,439 Speaker: There are six surviving 113 00:03:42,439 --> 00:03:45,240 Speaker: subspecies of blank left in the 114 00:03:45,240 --> 00:03:45,520 Speaker: world. 115 00:03:45,520 --> 00:03:46,759 Speaker: What do you think? 116 00:03:46,759 --> 00:03:49,879 Speaker: Oh, I think it might be Tiger. 117 00:03:49,879 --> 00:03:50,650 Speaker: Tigers? 118 00:03:50,650 --> 00:03:51,050 Speaker: Yeah. 119 00:03:51,050 --> 00:03:52,289 Speaker: That's right. 120 00:03:52,289 --> 00:03:56,050 Speaker: Um, there is the Bengal tiger. 121 00:03:56,050 --> 00:03:59,050 Speaker: It's like the more common subspecies. 122 00:03:59,050 --> 00:04:03,689 Speaker: It's found mainly in India and in Bangladesh. 123 00:04:03,689 --> 00:04:07,830 Speaker: And it has like a bright orange coat with dark stripes. 124 00:04:07,830 --> 00:04:08,710 Speaker: Okay. 125 00:04:08,710 --> 00:04:10,310 Speaker: There's the. 126 00:04:12,710 --> 00:04:13,550 Speaker: Sumatran. 127 00:04:13,550 --> 00:04:14,669 Speaker: Sumatran. 128 00:04:14,669 --> 00:04:16,189 Speaker: How do you say that? 129 00:04:16,189 --> 00:04:17,870 Speaker: I don't know Sumatran. 130 00:04:17,870 --> 00:04:21,069 Speaker: You're the pronunciation expert on this show. 131 00:04:21,069 --> 00:04:21,670 Speaker: That's true. 132 00:04:21,670 --> 00:04:23,589 Speaker: So I probably said it right, Tiger. 133 00:04:23,589 --> 00:04:25,430 Speaker: Say it with your chest, Debi. 134 00:04:26,430 --> 00:04:28,509 Speaker: Say it with confidence. 135 00:04:28,509 --> 00:04:30,149 Speaker: Offend anybody. 136 00:04:30,149 --> 00:04:34,110 Speaker: Which is the smallest living tiger subspecies. 137 00:04:34,110 --> 00:04:39,990 Speaker: found only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and known for 138 00:04:39,990 --> 00:04:41,629 Speaker: being strong swimmers. 139 00:04:41,629 --> 00:04:42,790 Speaker: I thought it was pretty cool. 140 00:04:42,790 --> 00:04:43,790 Speaker: Yeah. 141 00:04:43,790 --> 00:04:46,509 Speaker: I can't even picture a tiger swimming. 142 00:04:46,509 --> 00:04:46,870 Speaker: Yeah. 143 00:04:46,870 --> 00:04:47,750 Speaker: They swim okay. 144 00:04:47,750 --> 00:04:48,470 Speaker: Yeah. 145 00:04:48,470 --> 00:04:53,750 Speaker: We have the Malayan tiger, a smaller subspecies that's native 146 00:04:53,750 --> 00:04:57,310 Speaker: to southern Malay Peninsula. 147 00:04:57,310 --> 00:05:01,029 Speaker: There's the Indochinese tiger, 148 00:05:01,029 --> 00:05:03,149 Speaker: which is in parts of Southeast 149 00:05:03,149 --> 00:05:05,509 Speaker: Asia, like Thailand, Laos and 150 00:05:05,509 --> 00:05:07,110 Speaker: Myanmar. 151 00:05:07,110 --> 00:05:12,350 Speaker: And they have narrower stripes, which is I don't think of tigers 152 00:05:12,350 --> 00:05:13,670 Speaker: having like narrow stripes. 153 00:05:13,670 --> 00:05:15,470 Speaker: So I thought that was funny. 154 00:05:15,470 --> 00:05:17,189 Speaker: then there's the critically 155 00:05:17,189 --> 00:05:20,230 Speaker: endangered South China tiger, 156 00:05:20,230 --> 00:05:22,589 Speaker: which is also considered 157 00:05:22,589 --> 00:05:24,310 Speaker: functionally extinct. 158 00:05:24,310 --> 00:05:25,829 Speaker: Which is the white tiger. 159 00:05:27,310 --> 00:05:28,629 Speaker: Isn't there white tigers? 160 00:05:28,629 --> 00:05:29,949 Speaker: Maybe that's just. 161 00:05:29,949 --> 00:05:31,029 Speaker: Like a mutation. 162 00:05:31,029 --> 00:05:33,389 Speaker: It's a morph of the Bengal tiger. 163 00:05:33,389 --> 00:05:35,790 Speaker: Yeah, and there's, like, none in the wild. 164 00:05:35,790 --> 00:05:37,189 Speaker: They're only in captivity. 165 00:05:37,189 --> 00:05:42,389 Speaker: And then there is the largest of all tiger subspecies. 166 00:05:42,389 --> 00:05:43,110 Speaker: Okay. 167 00:05:44,470 --> 00:05:47,110 Speaker: Which is adapted to freezing 168 00:05:47,110 --> 00:05:49,069 Speaker: northern forests with thicker 169 00:05:49,069 --> 00:05:51,829 Speaker: coats, paler colored fur, and 170 00:05:51,829 --> 00:05:54,490 Speaker: vast territory requirements 171 00:05:54,490 --> 00:05:57,209 Speaker: compared to a tropical tiger 172 00:05:57,209 --> 00:05:58,310 Speaker: species. 173 00:05:59,389 --> 00:06:01,750 Speaker: I don't know about which one it is. 174 00:06:01,750 --> 00:06:03,389 Speaker: No, no. Okay. 175 00:06:04,870 --> 00:06:07,310 Speaker: Maybe when I say what it is, maybe you might. 176 00:06:07,310 --> 00:06:08,790 Speaker: You might know it. 177 00:06:08,790 --> 00:06:10,750 Speaker: I'll give you another hint. 178

00:06:10,750 --> 00:06:13,470 Speaker: It's also called the Amur tiger. 179 00:06:13,470 --> 00:06:13,910 Speaker: Anything? 180 00:06:13,910 --> 00:06:15,990 Speaker: Amor amor. 181 00:06:15,990 --> 00:06:17,269 Speaker: Amor Amor. 182 00:06:17,269 --> 00:06:17,629 Speaker: Nope. 183 00:06:17,629 --> 00:06:21,290 Speaker: It's a m u r. No, it's not ringing any bells. 184 00:06:21,290 --> 00:06:22,649 Speaker: What about Panthera? 185 00:06:22,649 --> 00:06:23,290 Speaker: Tigris? 186 00:06:23,290 --> 00:06:24,529 Speaker: I'll take it. 187 00:06:24,529 --> 00:06:25,449 Speaker: Absolutely not. 188 00:06:25,449 --> 00:06:32,490 Speaker: No no no no. Okay, well, your second lab libs is in this one. 189 00:06:32,490 --> 00:06:34,730 Speaker: I said a country near China. 190 00:06:34,730 --> 00:06:36,129 Speaker: You said Thailand. 191 00:06:36,129 --> 00:06:37,649 Speaker: I did, I said Thailand. 192 00:06:37,649 --> 00:06:38,370 Speaker: Question mark. 193 00:06:38,370 --> 00:06:39,850 Speaker: Is that near China? 194 00:06:39,850 --> 00:06:40,730 Speaker: I think so. 195 00:06:40,730 --> 00:06:41,810 Speaker: I thought so, yeah. 196 00:06:41,810 --> 00:06:42,529 Speaker: Okay. 197 00:06:42,529 --> 00:06:44,990 Speaker: I'm gonna read you the sentence 198 00:06:44,990 --> 00:06:47,089 Speaker: and you tell me if you think you 199 00:06:47,089 --> 00:06:47,730 Speaker: were right. 200 00:06:47,730 --> 00:06:49,050 Speaker: Okay. 201 00:06:49,050 --> 00:06:52,529 Speaker: The Amur tiger, also called the 202 00:06:52,529 --> 00:06:55,490 Speaker: Siberian tiger, lives primarily 203 00:06:55,490 --> 00:06:56,970 Speaker: in blanks. 204 00:06:56,970 --> 00:06:59,050 Speaker: Far East, with a small 205 00:06:59,050 --> 00:07:01,189 Speaker: population extending into 206 00:07:01,189 --> 00:07:02,889 Speaker: northeastern China. 207 00:07:04,089 --> 00:07:06,089 Speaker: Yeah, I think maybe Thailand. 208 00:07:06,089 --> 00:07:07,290 Speaker: Siberian. 209 00:07:07,290 --> 00:07:10,009 Speaker: Oh, is that a country? 210 00:07:10,009 --> 00:07:13,290 Speaker: I believe to see Siberia or 211 00:07:13,290 --> 00:07:16,170 Speaker: Siberian is a territory of 212 00:07:16,170 --> 00:07:17,089 Speaker: Russia. 213 00:07:17,089 --> 00:07:19,290 Speaker: I never really thought about what that meant. 214 00:07:19,290 --> 00:07:22,769 Speaker: Aren't people say like, oh, it's like as cold as Siberia in here 215 00:07:22,769 --> 00:07:23,850 Speaker: or something like that? 216 00:07:23,850 --> 00:07:26,730 Speaker: I guess I'm bad at geography, right? 217 00:07:26,730 --> 00:07:29,170 Speaker: So I never really questioned what that is. 218 00:07:29,170 --> 00:07:32,329 Speaker: Oh, isn't that extinct? 219 00:07:32,329 --> 00:07:34,850 Speaker: Oh, no. That's saber tooth tigers. 220 00:07:34,850 --> 00:07:35,290 Speaker: Yeah. 221 00:07:35,290 --> 00:07:35,769 Speaker: Yeah. 222 00:07:35,769 --> 00:07:38,290 Speaker: And then they might have been Siberian, too, I

don't know. 223 00:07:38,290 --> 00:07:40,529 Speaker: I don't know that much about saber toothed tigers. 224 00:07:40,529 --> 00:07:43,610 Speaker: Okay, so we've derailed the conversation. 225 00:07:43,610 --> 00:07:46,370 Speaker: So Siberian tigers are the the biggest. 226 00:07:46,370 --> 00:07:47,250 Speaker: Is that what you are? 227 00:07:47,250 --> 00:07:47,730 Speaker: The biggest? 228 00:07:47,730 --> 00:07:48,050 Speaker: Okay. 229 00:07:48,050 --> 00:07:48,290 Speaker: Yeah. 230 00:07:48,290 --> 00:07:49,569 Speaker: They are the biggest. 231 00:07:49,569 --> 00:07:52,379 Speaker: Um, but they do have a small Population. 232 00:07:52,379 --> 00:07:54,620 Speaker: Russia is near China. 233 00:07:54,620 --> 00:07:55,500 Speaker: Yes. 234 00:07:55,500 --> 00:07:56,579 Speaker: Oh very much. 235 00:07:56,579 --> 00:07:58,220 Speaker: I'm learning so much. 236 00:07:58,220 --> 00:08:00,500 Speaker: What do you think of as north of China? 237 00:08:00,500 --> 00:08:01,980 Speaker: Oh. Oh, yeah. 238 00:08:01,980 --> 00:08:03,740 Speaker: Russia goes all the way across. 239 00:08:03,740 --> 00:08:04,459 Speaker: All the way. 240 00:08:04,459 --> 00:08:04,740 Speaker: Yeah. 241 00:08:04,740 --> 00:08:05,459 Speaker: Okay. 242 00:08:05,459 --> 00:08:05,660 Speaker: Okay. 243 00:08:05,660 --> 00:08:05,899 Speaker: Okay. 244 00:08:05,899 --> 00:08:07,860 Speaker: Okay, okay. 245 00:08:07,860 --> 00:08:10,579 Speaker: Here's Megan sounding dumb. 246 00:08:10,579 --> 00:08:14,500 Speaker: Oh, my goodness, your geography is horrendous. 247 00:08:14,500 --> 00:08:20,620 Speaker: This region, which is known as Morskie Kray or cry. 248 00:08:20,620 --> 00:08:21,779 Speaker: Sorry. 249 00:08:21,779 --> 00:08:24,160 Speaker: sorry to all of our Russian listeners. 250 00:08:24,160 --> 00:08:25,079 Speaker: Oh, yeah. 251 00:08:25,079 --> 00:08:26,519 Speaker: We're big in Russia. 252 00:08:26,519 --> 00:08:26,959 Speaker: Zero. 253 00:08:26,959 --> 00:08:28,120 Speaker: Oh, no, we're big in Russia. 254 00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:29,120 Speaker: We're big in Russia. 255 00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:30,000 Speaker: We just don't know it. 256 00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:31,480 Speaker: We just don't know it. 257 00:08:31,480 --> 00:08:36,039 Speaker: it is part of a vast Russian taiga. 258 00:08:36,039 --> 00:08:39,759 Speaker: It has Korean pine forests. 259 00:08:39,759 --> 00:08:43,200 Speaker: Large mountains, frozen rivers 260 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:46,340 Speaker: and deep snow temperatures in 261 00:08:46,340 --> 00:08:48,519 Speaker: winter can fall below negative 262 00:08:48,519 --> 00:08:49,179 Speaker: thirty. 263 00:08:49,179 --> 00:08:51,580 Speaker: Wow, that is very chilly. 264 00:08:51,580 --> 00:08:57,580 Speaker: Yeah, and snow can remain on the ground for nearly half the year. 265 00:08:57,580 --> 00:09:02,379 Speaker: MM. Food sources are scattered across vast distances. 266 00:09:02,379 --> 00:09:04,840 Speaker: So the Amur tigers survival 267 00:09:04,840 --> 00:09:06,659 Speaker: takes patience, efficiency and 268 00:09:06,659 --> 00:09:07,740 Speaker: memory. 269 00:09:07,740 --> 00:09:13,419 Speaker: MM. Unlike African lions, tigers are solitary. 270 00:09:13,419 --> 00:09:15,379 Speaker: They spend almost their entire 271 00:09:15,379 --> 00:09:17,500 Speaker: lives alone, except for during 272 00:09:17,500 --> 00:09:19,820 Speaker: mating or while females are 273 00:09:19,820 --> 00:09:21,980 Speaker: raising cubs. 274 00:09:21,980 --> 00:09:24,740 Speaker: Okay, I don't think I knew that. 275 00:09:24,740 --> 00:09:25,659 Speaker: That's interesting. 276 00:09:25,659 --> 00:09:26,899 Speaker: That is crazy, right? 277 00:09:26,899 --> 00:09:27,299 Speaker: Yeah. 278 00:09:27,299 --> 00:09:33,080 Speaker: your next lab is in this next sentence, it says adult males 279 00:09:33,080 --> 00:09:38,029 Speaker: may occupy territories ranging from Four hundred to more than 280 00:09:38,029 --> 00:09:39,889 Speaker: blank square miles. 281 00:09:39,889 --> 00:09:44,210 Speaker: I gave you a number between four hundred and seven hundred. 282 00:09:44,210 --> 00:09:45,090 Speaker: You said six. 283 00:09:45,090 --> 00:09:45,450 Speaker: Six. 284 00:09:45,450 --> 00:09:46,250 Speaker: Six six. 285 00:09:46,250 --> 00:09:47,049 Speaker: What do you think? 286 00:09:47,049 --> 00:09:50,970 Speaker: I feel like it's probably like four to five hundred. 287 00:09:50,970 --> 00:09:55,809 Speaker: It's, four to more than seven hundred square miles. 288 00:09:55,809 --> 00:09:57,809 Speaker: So it was a trick. 289 00:09:57,809 --> 00:09:58,570 Speaker: It was. 290 00:09:58,570 --> 00:10:03,809 Speaker: I gave you the range you picked, but it was more than the range 291 00:10:03,809 --> 00:10:04,490 Speaker: you gave me. 292 00:10:04,490 --> 00:10:06,049 Speaker: Oh, it's just so. 293 00:10:06,049 --> 00:10:07,370 Speaker: I couldn't have gotten four 294 00:10:07,370 --> 00:10:08,809 Speaker: hundred to more than seven 295 00:10:08,809 --> 00:10:09,370 Speaker: hundred. 296 00:10:09,370 --> 00:10:11,730 Speaker: Oh, I meant like seven hundred. 297 00:10:11,730 --> 00:10:12,850 Speaker: It was really what I meant. 298 00:10:12,850 --> 00:10:13,929 Speaker: You set me up for. 299 00:10:13,929 --> 00:10:15,009 Speaker: I really wasn't thinking. 300 00:10:15,009 --> 00:10:16,929 Speaker: It was more than seven hundred miles. 301 00:10:16,929 --> 00:10:18,970 Speaker: I was thinking it was just seven hundred miles. 302 00:10:18,970 --> 00:10:21,169 Speaker: That was the largest amount. 303 00:10:21,169 --> 00:10:22,370 Speaker: Then I was pretty close. 304 00:10:22,370 --> 00:10:23,250 Speaker: Six, six, six. 305 00:10:23,250 --> 00:10:24,809 Speaker: Yeah, you did good. 306 00:10:24,809 --> 00:10:27,340 Speaker: Adult males may occupy 307 00:10:27,340 --> 00:10:29,669 Speaker: Territories from four seven 308 00:10:29,669 --> 00:10:31,070 Speaker: hundred and then females 309 00:10:31,070 -->

00:10:32,870 Speaker: generally controlled territories 310 00:10:32,870 --> 00:10:35,389 Speaker: between ninety five and one 311 00:10:35,389 --> 00:10:36,629 Speaker: hundred and seventy square 312 00:10:36,629 --> 00:10:37,269 Speaker: miles. 313 00:10:37,269 --> 00:10:40,389 Speaker: They constantly patrol these territories. 314 00:10:40,389 --> 00:10:45,269 Speaker: They use scent marks and scratch marks on trees to advertise 315 00:10:45,269 --> 00:10:46,870 Speaker: their presence to other tigers. 316 00:10:46,870 --> 00:10:47,309 Speaker: Other tigers. 317 00:10:47,309 --> 00:10:47,909 Speaker: Oh. 318 00:10:47,909 --> 00:10:48,509 Speaker: Mhm. 319 00:10:48,509 --> 00:10:49,909 Speaker: It's weird how much smaller. 320 00:10:49,909 --> 00:10:53,509 Speaker: I guess it's not weird, but it's, um, interesting how much 321 00:10:53,509 --> 00:10:54,990 Speaker: smaller the females are. 322 00:10:54,990 --> 00:10:55,990 Speaker: Smaller, right? 323 00:10:55,990 --> 00:10:57,190 Speaker: Territory is. 324 00:10:57,190 --> 00:10:57,789 Speaker: Yeah. 325 00:10:57,789 --> 00:11:01,029 Speaker: I didn't really look into why that is such a big disparity. 326 00:11:01,029 --> 00:11:02,669 Speaker: But yeah, that is weird. 327 00:11:02,669 --> 00:11:08,350 Speaker: I guess feral cats, like house cats in the outdoors, also have 328 00:11:08,350 --> 00:11:10,590 Speaker: that same disparity. 329 00:11:10,590 --> 00:11:11,230 Speaker: Oh really? 330 00:11:11,230 --> 00:11:11,750 Speaker: Yeah. 331 00:11:11,750 --> 00:11:17,195 Speaker: male cats will go about a mile from their food source, whereas 332 00:11:17,195 --> 00:11:21,695 Speaker: female cats will only go like a couple hundred feet. 333 00:11:21,695 --> 00:11:22,774 Speaker: Oh, interesting. 334 00:11:22,774 --> 00:11:23,294 Speaker: Yeah. 335 00:11:23,294 --> 00:11:24,174 Speaker: MM. Wow. 336 00:11:24,174 --> 00:11:28,215 Speaker: So I guess they get that from their big cat relatives. 337 00:11:28,215 --> 00:11:31,674 Speaker: So yeah, they, they use their scent marks and they use scratch 338 00:11:31,674 --> 00:11:34,174 Speaker: marks on trees, which I think was pretty cool. 339 00:11:34,174 --> 00:11:34,735 Speaker: It's so fun. 340 00:11:34,735 --> 00:11:36,375 Speaker: Like they're communicating with each other. 341 00:11:36,375 --> 00:11:36,695 Speaker: Yeah. 342 00:11:36,695 --> 00:11:37,455 Speaker: That's so crazy. 343 00:11:37,455 --> 00:11:38,095 Speaker: Yeah. 344 00:11:38,095 --> 00:11:38,735 Speaker: Yeah. 345 00:11:38,735 --> 00:11:42,335 Speaker: rather than fighting over territory, neighboring Tigers 346 00:11:42,335 --> 00:11:46,735 Speaker: usually avoid one another by recognizing these markers. 347 00:11:46,735 --> 00:11:51,654 Speaker: Living in this harsh environment means every decision matters. 348 00:11:51,654 --> 00:11:54,615 Speaker: Your next lab is in this one. 349 00:11:54,615 --> 00:11:56,934 Speaker: I said something wild that you might hunt. 350 00:11:56,934

--> 00:11:58,414 Speaker: I said A boar. 351 00:11:58,414 --> 00:11:58,894 Speaker: You did? 352 00:11:58,894 --> 00:11:59,815 Speaker: You said a boar. 353 00:11:59,815 --> 00:12:02,934 Speaker: Okay, so the this is the way the sentence reads. 354 00:12:02,934 --> 00:12:04,014 Speaker: You tell me what you think. 355 00:12:04,014 --> 00:12:04,904 Speaker: Okay. 356 00:12:04,904 --> 00:12:12,804 Speaker: Amur tigers primarily hunt blank red deer, Sitka deer, roe deer, 357 00:12:12,804 --> 00:12:15,144 Speaker: and occasionally elk. 358 00:12:15,144 --> 00:12:18,144 Speaker: How do you think you did with boar? 359 00:12:18,144 --> 00:12:21,065 Speaker: I don't think boar matches that. 360 00:12:21,065 --> 00:12:21,625 Speaker: It doesn't. 361 00:12:21,625 --> 00:12:22,784 Speaker: But you're actually right. 362 00:12:22,784 --> 00:12:23,264 Speaker: Really? 363 00:12:23,264 --> 00:12:24,304 Speaker: Wild boar? 364 00:12:24,304 --> 00:12:25,865 Speaker: Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. 365 00:12:25,865 --> 00:12:26,904 Speaker: I was thinking, because those 366 00:12:26,904 --> 00:12:29,365 Speaker: all sound like more docile ish 367 00:12:29,365 --> 00:12:30,644 Speaker: prey animals. 368 00:12:30,644 --> 00:12:32,404 Speaker: A boar, I feel like is more aggressive. 369 00:12:32,404 --> 00:12:34,924 Speaker: So I thought maybe it didn't fit in with the other ones you just 370 00:12:34,924 --> 00:12:36,644 Speaker: said, but they like it. 371 00:12:36,644 --> 00:12:37,365 Speaker: Guess so. 372 00:12:37,365 --> 00:12:38,125 Speaker: Yeah. 373 00:12:38,125 --> 00:12:43,524 Speaker: they may stalk prey for hours before launching an ambush, but 374 00:12:43,524 --> 00:12:46,325 Speaker: most of their hunts fail. 375 00:12:46,325 --> 00:12:47,445 Speaker: Believe it or not. 376 00:12:47,445 --> 00:12:49,784 Speaker: Yeah, I have heard that before. 377 00:12:49,784 --> 00:12:51,304 Speaker: That's kind of crazy. 378 00:12:51,304 --> 00:12:55,585 Speaker: You just picture like you think of like, a predator, just being 379 00:12:55,585 --> 00:12:58,784 Speaker: able to just kill and get food with high accuracy. 380 00:12:58,784 --> 00:12:59,144 Speaker: Right? 381 00:12:59,144 --> 00:12:59,904 Speaker: Exactly. 382 00:12:59,904 --> 00:13:00,865 Speaker: Yeah. 383 00:13:00,865 --> 00:13:05,764 Speaker: when one succeeds, the impact can be substantial an adult. 384 00:13:05,764 --> 00:13:10,245 Speaker: Tiger can consume sixty pounds of meat in a single feeding. 385 00:13:10,245 --> 00:13:10,725 Speaker: Wow. 386 00:13:10,725 --> 00:13:15,625 Speaker: And they often return to The carcass, over several days. 387 00:13:15,625 --> 00:13:17,465 Speaker: Yeah, I know that they get a lot 388 00:13:17,465 --> 00:13:20,804 Speaker: of meat out of one kill because 389 00:13:20,804 --> 00:13:22,225 Speaker: of what you said earlier like 390 00:13:22,225 --> 00:13:22,445 Speaker: that. 391 00:13:22,445 --> 00:13:24,764 Speaker: They're not always successful, so they might not

get another 392 00:13:24,764 --> 00:13:26,245 Speaker: kill for a while, right? 393 00:13:26,245 --> 00:13:26,764 Speaker: Yeah. 394 00:13:26,764 --> 00:13:27,004 Speaker: Yeah. 395 00:13:27,004 --> 00:13:28,245 Speaker: And I didn't know that. 396 00:13:28,245 --> 00:13:30,725 Speaker: But they'll go back to a carcass. 397 00:13:30,725 --> 00:13:34,085 Speaker: Like they'll kind of hide it a little bit and like, go back to 398 00:13:34,085 --> 00:13:36,774 Speaker: it for a couple of days. 399 00:13:36,774 --> 00:13:38,774 Speaker: As you can imagine, losing a 400 00:13:38,774 --> 00:13:40,894 Speaker: kill represents more than a 401 00:13:40,894 --> 00:13:41,615 Speaker: missed meal. 402 00:13:41,615 --> 00:13:43,934 Speaker: But also represents like wasting 403 00:13:43,934 --> 00:13:45,634 Speaker: energy that may be hard to 404 00:13:45,634 --> 00:13:47,554 Speaker: replace during a Siberian 405 00:13:47,554 --> 00:13:48,115 Speaker: winter. 406 00:13:48,115 --> 00:13:48,835 Speaker: True. 407 00:13:48,835 --> 00:13:54,154 Speaker: Although they are apex predators, Amur tigers generally 408 00:13:54,154 --> 00:13:56,315 Speaker: avoid people whenever possible. 409 00:13:56,315 --> 00:13:59,115 Speaker: What I thought was funny when I 410 00:13:59,115 --> 00:14:00,595 Speaker: was researching this, I was 411 00:14:00,595 --> 00:14:02,914 Speaker: like, okay, who's the bigger 412 00:14:02,914 --> 00:14:04,195 Speaker: predator though? 413 00:14:04,195 --> 00:14:11,674 Speaker: Like us or like a tiger, for instance, you know, and maybe 414 00:14:11,674 --> 00:14:15,195 Speaker: more than one apex predator in an ecosystem, I think. 415 00:14:15,195 --> 00:14:16,394 Speaker: Yeah. 416 00:14:16,394 --> 00:14:19,375 Speaker: But most of the things that I 417 00:14:19,375 --> 00:14:22,754 Speaker: read it basically said were the 418 00:14:22,754 --> 00:14:23,634 Speaker: same. 419 00:14:23,634 --> 00:14:28,445 Speaker: And that's why tigers just generally avoid humans. 420 00:14:28,445 --> 00:14:28,845 Speaker: Yeah. 421 00:14:28,845 --> 00:14:33,985 Speaker: You know, decades of research in Russia have shown that most 422 00:14:33,985 --> 00:14:40,184 Speaker: encounters occur because humans enter, tiger habitat, surprise 423 00:14:40,184 --> 00:14:44,725 Speaker: an animal at close range or encounter a tiger. 424 00:14:44,725 --> 00:14:47,445 Speaker: That is injured or protecting cubs. 425 00:14:47,445 --> 00:14:48,884 Speaker: HMM. 426 00:14:48,884 --> 00:14:51,044 Speaker: Doctor John Goodrich is a 427 00:14:51,044 --> 00:14:54,465 Speaker: wildlife biologist, and he 428 00:14:54,465 --> 00:14:56,825 Speaker: thinks that most human tiger 429 00:14:56,825 --> 00:14:59,384 Speaker: conflicts arise from competition 430 00:14:59,384 --> 00:15:01,424 Speaker: for space and resources, rather 431 00:15:01,424 --> 00:15:03,264 Speaker: than deliberate aggression 432 00:15:03,264 --> 00:15:04,225 Speaker: towards humans. 433 00:15:04,225 --> 00:15:05,465 Speaker: That makes a lot of sense. 434 00:15:05,465 --> 00:15:09,065 Speaker: If they're trying to avoid us anyways, then I think that. 435 00:15:09,065 --> 00:15:13,965 Speaker: Those scenarios would would be most likely the key ones, right? 436 00:15:13,965 --> 00:15:14,845 Speaker: Yeah. 437 00:15:14,845 --> 00:15:16,605 Speaker: Researchers classify attacks 438 00:15:16,605 --> 00:15:19,004 Speaker: based on circumstances, and most 439 00:15:19,004 --> 00:15:21,804 Speaker: of those involve injured 440 00:15:21,804 --> 00:15:24,205 Speaker: animals, surprise encounters or 441 00:15:24,205 --> 00:15:25,865 Speaker: livestock conflicts. 442 00:15:25,865 --> 00:15:26,384 Speaker: Mhm. 443 00:15:26,384 --> 00:15:29,024 Speaker: Your next lab is in this sentence. 444 00:15:29,024 --> 00:15:32,705 Speaker: And I gave you a year in the nineteen hundreds. 445 00:15:32,705 --> 00:15:33,904 Speaker: I did what you wanted. 446 00:15:33,904 --> 00:15:35,225 Speaker: You said nineteen twelve. 447 00:15:35,225 --> 00:15:36,304 Speaker: I did. 448 00:15:36,304 --> 00:15:37,945 Speaker: And you said, are you happy? 449 00:15:37,945 --> 00:15:39,544 Speaker: And yes, I'm very happy. 450 00:15:39,544 --> 00:15:41,664 Speaker: But you are gonna be horribly off. 451 00:15:41,664 --> 00:15:42,065 Speaker: Yeah. 452 00:15:42,065 --> 00:15:42,705 Speaker: Yeah. 453 00:15:42,705 --> 00:15:48,304 Speaker: So, this is the sentence you tell me because you know a lot 454 00:15:48,304 --> 00:15:49,945 Speaker: of history and everything, so. 455 00:15:49,945 --> 00:15:52,504 Speaker: Oh, famously good at history. 456 00:15:52,504 --> 00:15:53,585 Speaker: I'm just kidding. 457 00:15:53,585 --> 00:15:59,465 Speaker: So an incident that occurred in the winter of blank continues to 458 00:15:59,465 --> 00:16:03,004 Speaker: fascinate wildlife researchers. 459 00:16:03,004 --> 00:16:06,174 Speaker: You have no context at all whatsoever? 460 00:16:06,174 --> 00:16:07,735 Speaker: Nope. 461 00:16:07,735 --> 00:16:09,215 Speaker: I don't know. 462 00:16:09,215 --> 00:16:11,455 Speaker: Yeah, well, you told me I was wildly off. 463 00:16:11,455 --> 00:16:13,534 Speaker: So what is it, like nineteen sixty or something? 464 00:16:13,534 --> 00:16:15,054 Speaker: It's nineteen ninety seven. 465 00:16:15,054 --> 00:16:15,975 Speaker: Oh, yeah. 466 00:16:15,975 --> 00:16:18,855 Speaker: So we're heading we're heading all the way back to just 467 00:16:18,855 --> 00:16:20,615 Speaker: nineteen ninety seven. 468 00:16:20,615 --> 00:16:22,054 Speaker: Hey, that was a long time ago. 469 00:16:22,054 --> 00:16:26,134 Speaker: A lot closer than my last episode, though. 470 00:16:26,134 --> 00:16:27,095 Speaker: Oh, yeah. 471 00:16:27,095 --> 00:16:29,695 Speaker: The last episode was, like, ancient. 472 00:16:29,695 --> 00:16:30,254 Speaker: Ancient. 473 00:16:30,254 --> 00:16:31,335 Speaker: Yeah. 474 00:16:31,335 --> 00:16:32,735 Speaker: Okay. 475 00:16:32,735 -->

00:16:34,495 Speaker: Following the collapse of the 476 00:16:34,495 --> 00:16:36,615 Speaker: Soviet Union, many people in 477 00:16:36,615 --> 00:16:38,695 Speaker: Russia's Far East lost their 478 00:16:38,695 --> 00:16:40,095 Speaker: livelihoods. 479 00:16:40,095 --> 00:16:43,455 Speaker: With legal hunting too expensive. 480 00:16:43,455 --> 00:16:45,274 Speaker: A guy named Vladimir Markov 481 00:16:45,274 --> 00:16:48,014 Speaker: survived by keeping bees and 482 00:16:48,014 --> 00:16:50,215 Speaker: poaching wildlife. 483 00:16:50,215 --> 00:16:51,335 Speaker: Mhm. 484 00:16:51,335 --> 00:16:56,134 Speaker: As author John Vaillant describes it, for many people, 485 00:16:56,134 --> 00:16:58,174 Speaker: it became poach or starve. 486 00:16:58,174 --> 00:17:00,095 Speaker: I've never thought about it that way. 487 00:17:00,095 --> 00:17:02,455 Speaker: And at the same time, an exotic 488 00:17:02,455 --> 00:17:04,375 Speaker: animal could be worth tens of 489 00:17:04,375 --> 00:17:06,015 Speaker: thousands of dollars on the 490 00:17:06,015 --> 00:17:07,494 Speaker: black market. 491 00:17:07,494 --> 00:17:09,494 Speaker: MM. Making these endangered 492 00:17:09,494 --> 00:17:12,015 Speaker: animals valuable, but also 493 00:17:12,015 --> 00:17:13,295 Speaker: dangerous targets. 494 00:17:13,295 --> 00:17:14,494 Speaker: Right. 495 00:17:14,494 --> 00:17:19,295 Speaker: So Markov was an experienced Russian hunter and poacher. 496 00:17:19,295 --> 00:17:23,375 Speaker: And he was traveling through the Primorsky Krai forest. 497 00:17:23,375 --> 00:17:25,775 Speaker: And he encountered an Amur tiger 498 00:17:25,775 --> 00:17:28,035 Speaker: feeding on a freshly killed wild 499 00:17:28,035 --> 00:17:28,454 Speaker: boar. 500 00:17:28,454 --> 00:17:29,615 Speaker: As they do. 501 00:17:29,615 --> 00:17:32,095 Speaker: As they do hunters familiar with 502 00:17:32,095 --> 00:17:33,724 Speaker: tiger Behavior normally 503 00:17:33,724 --> 00:17:35,325 Speaker: understand that approaching a 504 00:17:35,325 --> 00:17:38,605 Speaker: tiger on a kill is extremely 505 00:17:38,605 --> 00:17:39,444 Speaker: dangerous. 506 00:17:39,444 --> 00:17:41,585 Speaker: I think everyone would probably 507 00:17:41,585 --> 00:17:43,944 Speaker: guess that even without like 508 00:17:43,944 --> 00:17:45,244 Speaker: expert knowledge in tiger 509 00:17:45,244 --> 00:17:47,005 Speaker: behavior, because that just 510 00:17:47,005 --> 00:17:49,744 Speaker: sounds like common knowledge of 511 00:17:49,744 --> 00:17:51,605 Speaker: like common knowledge of tiger 512 00:17:51,605 --> 00:17:53,285 Speaker: behavior, right? 513 00:17:53,285 --> 00:17:55,325 Speaker: Or I think like dangerous animals. 514 00:17:55,325 --> 00:17:55,845 Speaker: Yeah. 515 00:17:55,845 --> 00:17:56,605 Speaker: What the hell? 516 00:17:56,605 --> 00:17:57,325 Speaker: Yeah. 517 00:17:57,325 --> 00:17:59,684 Speaker: Why would you interrupt some vicious. 518 00:17:59,684 --> 00:18:01,805 Speaker: I mean, I'm not saying they're all vicious, but why would you 519 00:18:01,805 --> 00:18:05,125 Speaker: interrupt some powerful predator in the middle of their meal? 520 00:18:05,125 --> 00:18:06,565 Speaker: Those things are so big, too. 521 00:18:06,565 --> 00:18:10,204 Speaker: They're like six to seven hundred pounds. 522 00:18:10,204 --> 00:18:10,924 Speaker: Oh, gosh. 523 00:18:10,924 --> 00:18:11,444 Speaker: Yeah. 524 00:18:11,444 --> 00:18:12,085 Speaker: Okay. 525 00:18:12,085 --> 00:18:14,204 Speaker: I'm guessing he interrupted the meal. 526 00:18:14,204 --> 00:18:19,605 Speaker: So instead of backing away, Markoff fired his rifle. 527 00:18:19,605 --> 00:18:20,325 Speaker: Oh, okay. 528 00:18:20,325 --> 00:18:23,484 Speaker: I hope he didn't miss, because otherwise she's toast. 529 00:18:23,484 --> 00:18:26,775 Speaker: Wounded the tiger, but didn't actually kill it. 530 00:18:26,775 --> 00:18:27,535 Speaker: Yeah. 531 00:18:27,535 --> 00:18:28,015 Speaker: Mhm. 532 00:18:28,015 --> 00:18:29,174 Speaker: Markoff's dead. 533 00:18:29,174 --> 00:18:30,335 Speaker: Yeah. 534 00:18:30,335 --> 00:18:32,174 Speaker: Then dummy Markoff. 535 00:18:32,174 --> 00:18:35,974 Speaker: I put that in my actual dummy. 536 00:18:35,974 --> 00:18:40,015 Speaker: Markoff dragged away part of the wild boar. 537 00:18:40,015 --> 00:18:44,095 Speaker: No. And then left the area. 538 00:18:44,095 --> 00:18:48,174 Speaker: Um, now, if you've been keeping score, shooting a six hundred 539 00:18:48,174 --> 00:18:52,954 Speaker: pound apex predator while it's eating is generally considered a 540 00:18:52,954 --> 00:18:54,234 Speaker: bad life choice. 541 00:18:54,234 --> 00:18:55,714 Speaker: A bad life choice. 542 00:18:55,714 --> 00:18:56,315 Speaker: Wait. 543 00:18:56,315 --> 00:18:58,974 Speaker: Um, interrupting and shooting 544 00:18:58,974 --> 00:19:02,914 Speaker: the animal and then stealing its 545 00:19:02,914 --> 00:19:03,474 Speaker: meal. 546 00:19:03,474 --> 00:19:05,394 Speaker: Right? 547 00:19:05,394 --> 00:19:07,355 Speaker: Many bad decisions. 548 00:19:07,355 --> 00:19:09,434 Speaker: A lot of problems with this scenario. 549 00:19:09,434 --> 00:19:09,835 Speaker: Yeah. 550 00:19:09,835 --> 00:19:10,115 Speaker: Yeah. 551 00:19:10,115 --> 00:19:11,035 Speaker: This is bad. 552 00:19:11,035 --> 00:19:12,434 Speaker: This is real bad. 553 00:19:12,434 --> 00:19:18,835 Speaker: MM. Men for the tiger hunting in the Russian taiga. 554 00:19:18,835 --> 00:19:21,720 Speaker: Requires enormous effort. 555 00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:24,839 Speaker: And I gave you on this next lab. 556 00:19:24,839 --> 00:19:29,400 Speaker: Libs is a number between ten and thirty. 557 00:19:29,400 --> 00:19:31,680 Speaker: The sentence is a tiger may 558 00:19:31,680 --> 00:19:33,640 Speaker: travel blank miles in a single 559 00:19:33,640 --> 00:19:35,440 Speaker: night and still fail to catch 560 00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:36,960 Speaker:

something. 561 00:19:36,960 --> 00:19:39,400 Speaker: And you said seventeen. 562 00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:40,599 Speaker: My favorite number. 563 00:19:40,599 --> 00:19:41,119 Speaker: Nice. 564 00:19:41,119 --> 00:19:42,160 Speaker: What do you think? 565 00:19:42,160 --> 00:19:44,880 Speaker: That seems reasonable. 566 00:19:44,880 --> 00:19:45,240 Speaker: Yeah. 567 00:19:45,240 --> 00:19:46,079 Speaker: It's twenty. 568 00:19:46,079 --> 00:19:46,519 Speaker: Okay. 569 00:19:46,519 --> 00:19:47,640 Speaker: Yeah, yeah. 570 00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:50,039 Speaker: Um, an adult Siberian tiger 571 00:19:50,039 --> 00:19:52,160 Speaker: needs an average of about twenty 572 00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:54,099 Speaker: pounds of food each day to 573 00:19:54,099 --> 00:19:55,440 Speaker: survive. 574 00:19:55,440 --> 00:19:56,240 Speaker: Wow. 575 00:19:56,240 --> 00:20:01,980 Speaker: Next lab libs a number between seventy and one hundred twenty, 576 00:20:01,980 --> 00:20:07,720 Speaker: but can eat up to blank pounds of meat in a single large meal 577 00:20:07,720 --> 00:20:09,400 Speaker: after a successful hunt. 578 00:20:09,400 --> 00:20:10,640 Speaker: That's a lot of meat. 579 00:20:10,640 --> 00:20:12,240 Speaker: Seventy to one hundred twenty. 580 00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:14,700 Speaker: Yeah, maybe one hundred did you say? 581 00:20:14,700 --> 00:20:16,180 Speaker: I think I said ninety nine. 582 00:20:16,180 --> 00:20:16,460 Speaker: Yeah. 583 00:20:16,460 --> 00:20:17,380 Speaker: Yeah, I think so. 584 00:20:17,380 --> 00:20:17,539 Speaker: Yeah. 585 00:20:17,539 --> 00:20:18,180 Speaker: It's one hundred. 586 00:20:18,180 --> 00:20:18,460 Speaker: Yeah. 587 00:20:18,460 --> 00:20:19,140 Speaker: Yeah. 588 00:20:19,140 --> 00:20:19,500 Speaker: Okay. 589 00:20:19,500 --> 00:20:20,980 Speaker: So then it would be like set for 590 00:20:20,980 --> 00:20:22,619 Speaker: several days if it didn't find 591 00:20:22,619 --> 00:20:23,180 Speaker: anything else. 592 00:20:23,180 --> 00:20:23,539 Speaker: Right. 593 00:20:23,539 --> 00:20:23,980 Speaker: Right. 594 00:20:23,980 --> 00:20:26,660 Speaker: And like I said, they can go back to it. 595 00:20:26,660 --> 00:20:26,859 Speaker: Yeah. 596 00:20:26,859 --> 00:20:27,940 Speaker: Most of the time too. 597 00:20:27,940 --> 00:20:33,259 Speaker: So yeah, that would equal like a few days of of me. 598 00:20:34,460 --> 00:20:35,779 Speaker: There's so much. 599 00:20:35,779 --> 00:20:36,500 Speaker: I know. 600 00:20:37,940 --> 00:20:39,019 Speaker: Oh my God. 601 00:20:39,019 --> 00:20:42,539 Speaker: A successful kill can provide food for several days as they 602 00:20:42,539 --> 00:20:44,779 Speaker: often hide the carcass and come back to it. 603 00:20:44,779 --> 00:20:48,059 Speaker: I don't think I could eat one pound of meat. 604 00:20:48,059 --> 00:20:50,039 Speaker: You can eat a pound of meat 605 00:20:50,039 --> 00:20:52,019 Speaker: you've never had, like a sixteen 606 00:20:52,019 --> 00:20:54,220 Speaker: ounce steak or something like 607 00:20:54,220 --> 00:20:54,859 Speaker: that. 608 00:20:56,220 --> 00:20:59,160 Speaker: I guess I was thinking more of like a burger because they say 609 00:20:59,160 --> 00:21:02,059 Speaker: like, you know, you get like a quarter pound burger. 610 00:21:02,059 --> 00:21:03,140 Speaker: And I was like, I don't think I 611 00:21:03,140 --> 00:21:05,940 Speaker: could eat four burgers like that 612 00:21:05,940 --> 00:21:08,559 Speaker: size, but I guess I've eaten a 613 00:21:08,559 --> 00:21:09,339 Speaker: big steak. 614 00:21:09,339 --> 00:21:11,710 Speaker: Yeah, but that's probably my limit. 615 00:21:11,710 --> 00:21:12,269 Speaker: That's a lot. 616 00:21:12,269 --> 00:21:15,349 Speaker: I don't think I could eat two sixteen ounce steaks or I don't 617 00:21:15,349 --> 00:21:16,670 Speaker: think I could eat a hundred. 618 00:21:16,670 --> 00:21:17,829 Speaker: I'm gonna throw up. 619 00:21:17,829 --> 00:21:19,509 Speaker: Oh my God. 620 00:21:19,509 --> 00:21:20,109 Speaker: Okay. 621 00:21:20,109 --> 00:21:25,670 Speaker: Um, so Marko Markov had not only injured the tiger, but he had 622 00:21:25,670 --> 00:21:28,430 Speaker: also taken part of the reward for all that effort. 623 00:21:28,430 --> 00:21:31,069 Speaker: Wildlife investigators later 624 00:21:31,069 --> 00:21:32,789 Speaker: reconstructed what happened 625 00:21:32,789 --> 00:21:34,730 Speaker: using tracks on physical 626 00:21:34,730 --> 00:21:35,710 Speaker: evidence. 627 00:21:37,470 --> 00:21:40,470 Speaker: this is a long sentence, but you do have a lot of libs in it. 628 00:21:40,470 --> 00:21:42,910 Speaker: But it's very ancillary item. 629 00:21:42,910 --> 00:21:46,630 Speaker: So I gave you a home structure or building. 630 00:21:46,630 --> 00:21:50,170 Speaker: rather than going deeper into the forest, the wounded tiger 631 00:21:50,170 --> 00:21:55,130 Speaker: apparently followed Markoff's scent trail through the snow and 632 00:21:55,130 --> 00:21:56,809 Speaker: found the hunting blank. 633 00:21:56,809 --> 00:21:59,609 Speaker: He was staying in lodge. 634 00:21:59,609 --> 00:22:00,609 Speaker: It's cabin. 635 00:22:00,609 --> 00:22:01,450 Speaker: Cabin. 636 00:22:01,450 --> 00:22:02,569 Speaker: Okay. 637 00:22:02,569 --> 00:22:08,250 Speaker: Um, all verifiable, verifiable evidence says that the tiger 638 00:22:08,250 --> 00:22:12,109 Speaker: remained near the cabin for twelve to forty eight hours, 639 00:22:12,109 --> 00:22:14,609 Speaker: waiting for his new prey. 640 00:22:14,609 --> 00:22:17,490 Speaker: Yes, because Markoff was not there at the time. 641 00:22:17,490 --> 00:22:18,869 Speaker: Wow. 642 00:22:18,869 --> 00:22:19,430 Speaker: Yeah. 643 00:22:19,430 --> 00:22:22,789 Speaker: That tiger said I hate you, and 644 00:22:22,789 --> 00:22:24,589 Speaker: I'll fucking wait for you to get 645 00:22:24,589 --> 00:22:25,029 Speaker: home. 646 00:22:25,029 --> 00:22:25,750 Speaker: Yeah. 647

00:22:25,750 --> 00:22:26,509 Speaker: Yep yep yep. 648 00:22:26,509 --> 00:22:28,029 Speaker: Ooh, buddy. 649 00:22:28,029 --> 00:22:28,670 Speaker: Ah! 650 00:22:28,670 --> 00:22:31,369 Speaker: So during that time, investigators saw that it 651 00:22:31,369 --> 00:22:35,630 Speaker: damaged objects and destroyed things carrying Markov's scent, 652 00:22:35,630 --> 00:22:37,470 Speaker: and then waited nearby. 653 00:22:37,470 --> 00:22:38,549 Speaker: Whoa. 654 00:22:38,549 --> 00:22:42,509 Speaker: I see where we're talking about animal revenge now. 655 00:22:42,509 --> 00:22:43,789 Speaker: Yeah. 656 00:22:43,789 --> 00:22:45,309 Speaker: Um, then when Markoff finally 657 00:22:45,309 --> 00:22:47,150 Speaker: returned, the tiger attacked and 658 00:22:47,150 --> 00:22:48,029 Speaker: killed him. 659 00:22:48,029 --> 00:22:48,190 Speaker: Uh. 660 00:22:48,190 --> 00:22:49,109 Speaker: Huh. 661 00:22:49,109 --> 00:22:52,150 Speaker: Investigator Yuri thrush. 662 00:22:52,150 --> 00:22:54,309 Speaker: Okay, here we go. 663 00:22:54,309 --> 00:22:59,150 Speaker: Said a specialized unit known as Inspection Tigers. 664 00:23:01,390 --> 00:23:03,910 Speaker: An elite anti-poaching and 665 00:23:03,910 --> 00:23:05,970 Speaker: response team that investigated 666 00:23:05,970 --> 00:23:08,190 Speaker: tiger attacks. 667 00:23:08,190 --> 00:23:09,470 Speaker: Whoa! 668 00:23:09,470 --> 00:23:14,630 Speaker: But as he neared the cabin, he saw that the cabin was in ruins. 669 00:23:14,630 --> 00:23:18,079 Speaker: There was furniture thrown about outside. 670 00:23:18,079 --> 00:23:20,240 Speaker: There was beekeeping boxes that 671 00:23:20,240 --> 00:23:21,960 Speaker: were crushed, gnawed on and 672 00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:22,680 Speaker: broken. 673 00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:24,319 Speaker: Yeah, cause that tiger was mine. 674 00:23:24,319 --> 00:23:26,839 Speaker: I shed that had been torn apart. 675 00:23:26,839 --> 00:23:28,759 Speaker: And a bloody trail crossed the 676 00:23:28,759 --> 00:23:30,799 Speaker: snow and up the front door of 677 00:23:30,799 --> 00:23:31,720 Speaker: the cabin. 678 00:23:34,640 --> 00:23:37,039 Speaker: I don't feel bad for this man. 679 00:23:37,039 --> 00:23:39,680 Speaker: It's really hard to feel bad, right? 680 00:23:39,680 --> 00:23:42,640 Speaker: Like you had me for a second sympathizing for the poachers 681 00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:44,880 Speaker: because I was like, damn, I didn't realize that. 682 00:23:44,880 --> 00:23:47,400 Speaker: Like, some poachers are doing this because they're starving. 683 00:23:47,400 --> 00:23:49,200 Speaker: But this guy. 684 00:23:49,200 --> 00:23:50,839 Speaker: No, this was not smart. 685 00:23:50,839 --> 00:23:53,079 Speaker: No, no, no, I know. 686 00:23:53,079 --> 00:23:57,200 Speaker: Um, your next job is in this one, and I gave you a body part. 687 00:23:57,200 --> 00:23:59,359 Speaker: You said a thigh. 688 00:23:59,359 --> 00:24:01,859 Speaker: It says they discovered his body 689 00:24:01,859 --> 00:24:04,559 Speaker: just a blank in the surrounding 690 00:24:04,559 --> 00:24:05,339 Speaker: forest. 691 00:24:05,339 --> 00:24:07,220 Speaker: And it is a leg. 692 00:24:07,220 --> 00:24:08,740 Speaker: Oh, that's what they found. 693 00:24:08,740 --> 00:24:10,910 Speaker: That's all they found. 694 00:24:10,910 --> 00:24:12,190 Speaker: the tiger ate him. 695 00:24:12,190 --> 00:24:15,549 Speaker: Yeah, as the tiger had killed and eaten mark off. 696 00:24:15,549 --> 00:24:19,549 Speaker: wildlife authorities eventually located and killed the tiger 697 00:24:19,549 --> 00:24:23,950 Speaker: because it was considered a continuing threat to the people. 698 00:24:23,950 --> 00:24:25,829 Speaker: I mean, once you get a taste of human. 699 00:24:25,829 --> 00:24:26,190 Speaker: Yeah. 700 00:24:26,190 --> 00:24:26,509 Speaker: Okay. 701 00:24:26,509 --> 00:24:28,630 Speaker: Maybe you don't go back. 702 00:24:28,630 --> 00:24:34,230 Speaker: We can all agree that the tiger had a reason to be upset. 703 00:24:34,230 --> 00:24:37,509 Speaker: Yes, it's sad that they killed him. 704 00:24:37,509 --> 00:24:40,430 Speaker: Like, I don't think that Tiger did anything wrong. 705 00:24:40,430 --> 00:24:44,470 Speaker: I know, but I guess I understand, whether it was 706 00:24:44,470 --> 00:24:48,309 Speaker: angry, vengeful, or simply solving a problem. 707 00:24:48,309 --> 00:24:51,829 Speaker: That's the question that simply solving a problem. 708 00:24:51,829 --> 00:24:52,470 Speaker: Right. 709 00:24:54,349 --> 00:24:55,150 Speaker: Exactly. 710 00:24:55,150 --> 00:24:58,150 Speaker: Problem is, this guy stole my meal. 711 00:24:58,150 --> 00:25:00,190 Speaker: Solution is death. 712 00:25:00,190 --> 00:25:00,750 Speaker: Right. 713 00:25:00,750 --> 00:25:01,670 Speaker: Exactly. 714 00:25:01,670 --> 00:25:03,269 Speaker: I love that they went to his 715 00:25:03,269 --> 00:25:04,630 Speaker: house and they were just like, 716 00:25:04,630 --> 00:25:06,109 Speaker: it's destroyed. 717 00:25:06,109 --> 00:25:09,269 Speaker: Like the tiger crunched up his bees and stuff too. 718 00:25:09,269 --> 00:25:11,710 Speaker: He had been like reported missing or something. 719 00:25:11,710 --> 00:25:14,430 Speaker: So they were actually just going there to, like, check on him. 720 00:25:14,430 --> 00:25:15,349 Speaker: Yeah. 721 00:25:15,349 --> 00:25:15,950 Speaker: He was missing. 722 00:25:15,950 --> 00:25:16,509 Speaker: All right. 723 00:25:16,509 --> 00:25:17,470 Speaker: Yeah. 724 00:25:17,470 --> 00:25:19,269 Speaker: Now, stories about animals 725 00:25:19,269 --> 00:25:22,309 Speaker: seeking revenge have existed for 726 00:25:22,309 --> 00:25:23,390 Speaker: centuries. 727 00:25:23,390 --> 00:25:27,109 Speaker: But the Markoff incident, which is what it's now called. 728 00:25:27,109 --> 00:25:27,990 Speaker: Right. 729 00:25:27,990 --> 00:25:30,109 Speaker: Um, attracted a lot of attention 730 00:25:30,109 -->

00:25:31,509 Speaker: because of the sequence of 731 00:25:31,509 --> 00:25:33,150 Speaker: events. 732 00:25:33,150 --> 00:25:34,950 Speaker: And the tiger had been injured, 733 00:25:34,950 --> 00:25:37,470 Speaker: lost its kill, then followed a 734 00:25:37,470 --> 00:25:40,029 Speaker: specific human trail, located a 735 00:25:40,029 --> 00:25:42,650 Speaker: remote cabin, and appeared to 736 00:25:42,650 --> 00:25:44,480 Speaker: lie in wait until that person 737 00:25:44,480 --> 00:25:45,119 Speaker: returns. 738 00:25:45,119 --> 00:25:47,480 Speaker: It definitely seems like revenge. 739 00:25:47,480 --> 00:25:48,920 Speaker: It does seem like revenge. 740 00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:53,039 Speaker: this is the one instance that I think we'd all agree. 741 00:25:53,039 --> 00:25:55,220 Speaker: patience is not a virtue. 742 00:25:57,180 --> 00:25:57,819 Speaker: Well. 743 00:25:59,819 --> 00:26:02,059 Speaker: I know, I know. 744 00:26:02,059 --> 00:26:05,559 Speaker: so that observation led us to ponder a crazy question. 745 00:26:05,559 --> 00:26:07,759 Speaker: Was the tiger taking revenge? 746 00:26:07,759 --> 00:26:08,440 Speaker: Right? 747 00:26:08,440 --> 00:26:12,720 Speaker: The answer depends on how it's defined. 748 00:26:12,720 --> 00:26:17,880 Speaker: the dictionary says for noun, it's harm done to someone as a 749 00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:21,460 Speaker: punishment for harm that they have done to someone else, I 750 00:26:21,460 --> 00:26:26,869 Speaker: don't know if I think the tiger has the consciousness to think 751 00:26:26,869 --> 00:26:29,309 Speaker: of something as a punishment. 752 00:26:30,349 --> 00:26:33,230 Speaker: That's where I'm stuck on that particular definition. 753 00:26:33,230 --> 00:26:33,750 Speaker: Yeah. 754 00:26:33,750 --> 00:26:37,269 Speaker: And then verb to harm someone as a punishment for harm that 755 00:26:37,269 --> 00:26:38,549 Speaker: they've done to you. 756 00:26:39,710 --> 00:26:41,950 Speaker: Like, does a tiger have the 757 00:26:41,950 --> 00:26:45,789 Speaker: conceptual knowledge to give 758 00:26:45,789 --> 00:26:47,390 Speaker: someone a reward or a 759 00:26:47,390 --> 00:26:48,230 Speaker: punishment? 760 00:26:48,230 --> 00:26:49,069 Speaker: Right? 761 00:26:49,069 --> 00:26:50,630 Speaker: That that's the question. 762 00:26:50,630 --> 00:26:51,750 Speaker: I think it might have just been 763 00:26:51,750 --> 00:26:54,130 Speaker: like, it feels like revenge, 764 00:26:54,130 --> 00:26:54,670 Speaker: but. 765 00:26:54,670 --> 00:26:55,589 Speaker: Right. 766 00:26:55,589 --> 00:26:57,910 Speaker: I think more likely the tiger 767 00:26:57,910 --> 00:27:00,750 Speaker: was like, this animal was my 768 00:27:00,750 --> 00:27:01,269 Speaker: food. 769 00:27:01,269 --> 00:27:04,109 Speaker: Now this other animal came along and stole my food. 770 00:27:04,109 --> 00:27:05,950 Speaker: So now I'm gonna go eat him. 771 00:27:05,950 --> 00:27:09,470 Speaker: Yeah, because I still need food, right? 772 00:27:09,470 --> 00:27:10,509 Speaker: Not necessarily. 773 00:27:10,509 --> 00:27:15,269 Speaker: Like I'm gonna punish this human because they wronged me. 774 00:27:15,269 --> 00:27:17,710 Speaker: Yeah, but I don't know. 775 00:27:17,710 --> 00:27:18,829 Speaker: Maybe we don't know. 776 00:27:18,829 --> 00:27:21,890 Speaker: Yeah, maybe because They leave, like markings and scratch marks 777 00:27:21,890 --> 00:27:26,450 Speaker: and stuff to communicate with other tigers, and I'm sure that 778 00:27:26,450 --> 00:27:30,549 Speaker: they have conflicts with other tigers if they, like, encroach 779 00:27:30,549 --> 00:27:32,009 Speaker: on their territory. 780 00:27:32,009 --> 00:27:34,049 Speaker: So maybe it was more like that. 781 00:27:34,049 --> 00:27:38,210 Speaker: Maybe it was like a territorial right behavior, right? 782 00:27:38,210 --> 00:27:39,650 Speaker: Yeah, exactly. 783 00:27:39,650 --> 00:27:44,730 Speaker: So in humans, revenge generally involves remembering a past 784 00:27:44,730 --> 00:27:49,549 Speaker: event, recognizing the individual responsible, delaying 785 00:27:49,549 --> 00:27:55,049 Speaker: action, and intentionally inflicting harm as retaliation. 786 00:27:56,450 --> 00:27:56,809 Speaker: Yeah. 787 00:27:56,809 --> 00:28:00,450 Speaker: But these are complex mental processes involving memory 788 00:28:00,450 --> 00:28:02,890 Speaker: planning and decision making. 789 00:28:02,890 --> 00:28:06,170 Speaker: I mean, the Tiger definitely did some of this, right? 790 00:28:06,170 --> 00:28:09,230 Speaker: Recognized who was responsible, 791 00:28:09,230 --> 00:28:12,029 Speaker: you know, waited it out, 792 00:28:12,029 --> 00:28:13,170 Speaker: attacked. 793 00:28:13,170 --> 00:28:15,730 Speaker: I just don't know about the intention behind those things. 794 00:28:15,730 --> 00:28:16,259 Speaker: Right. 795 00:28:16,259 --> 00:28:17,900 Speaker: Exactly. 796 00:28:17,900 --> 00:28:23,099 Speaker: Um, so the scientists generally prefer evidence over vibes. 797 00:28:23,099 --> 00:28:25,779 Speaker: So I love that. 798 00:28:25,779 --> 00:28:27,539 Speaker: I need that on a shirt. 799 00:28:28,660 --> 00:28:31,619 Speaker: Science evidence over vibes. 800 00:28:33,619 --> 00:28:34,259 Speaker: That's so true. 801 00:28:34,259 --> 00:28:35,460 Speaker: I didn't think about that. 802 00:28:35,460 --> 00:28:36,380 Speaker: Oh, gosh. 803 00:28:36,380 --> 00:28:37,940 Speaker: Scientists cannot directly 804 00:28:37,940 --> 00:28:39,579 Speaker: determine whether an animal 805 00:28:39,579 --> 00:28:41,779 Speaker: experiences those same 806 00:28:41,779 --> 00:28:43,420 Speaker: motivations. 807 00:28:43,420 --> 00:28:46,960 Speaker: They can just study observable behavior while avoiding 808 00:28:46,960 --> 00:28:50,140 Speaker: assumptions about the emotions. 809 00:28:50,140 --> 00:28:54,180 Speaker: This caution is important because humans naturally engage 810 00:28:54,180 --> 00:28:59,299

Speaker: in anthropomorphism, which is the tendency to attribute human 811 00:28:59,299 --> 00:29:01,940 Speaker: thoughts and emotions to animals, as we know. 812 00:29:01,940 --> 00:29:02,980 Speaker: Your next. 813 00:29:02,980 --> 00:29:07,019 Speaker: I'm a big, big time guilty anthropomorphism. 814 00:29:07,019 --> 00:29:08,180 Speaker: It's so hard not to, though. 815 00:29:08,180 --> 00:29:11,460 Speaker: I'm always like about my cats, especially. 816 00:29:11,460 --> 00:29:13,220 Speaker: Yeah, I know my dogs do. 817 00:29:13,220 --> 00:29:15,140 Speaker: Same, same. 818 00:29:15,140 --> 00:29:17,980 Speaker: So your next lab is in this one. 819 00:29:17,980 --> 00:29:23,779 Speaker: And I said a negative emotion word ending in full. 820 00:29:23,779 --> 00:29:25,940 Speaker: And you said regretful. 821 00:29:25,940 --> 00:29:27,819 Speaker: It was hard for me to think of. 822 00:29:27,819 --> 00:29:32,579 Speaker: And for some reason When you said ending in full, my brain 823 00:29:32,579 --> 00:29:36,619 Speaker: decided the only word in English that ends in full is delightful. 824 00:29:36,619 --> 00:29:38,500 Speaker: Oh, I was thinking wonderful. 825 00:29:38,500 --> 00:29:40,180 Speaker: I don't know why, but my brain. 826 00:29:40,180 --> 00:29:42,859 Speaker: I was like trying to think of literally any other word. 827 00:29:42,859 --> 00:29:44,259 Speaker: Damn it, that's not a negative. 828 00:29:44,259 --> 00:29:46,299 Speaker: Yeah, I was like, that's positive. 829 00:29:46,299 --> 00:29:48,579 Speaker: So, um. 830 00:29:48,579 --> 00:29:49,140 Speaker: Okay. 831 00:29:49,140 --> 00:29:52,519 Speaker: Calling the mark of Tiger Blanc 832 00:29:52,519 --> 00:29:54,579 Speaker: might feel and sound right, but 833 00:29:54,579 --> 00:29:56,759 Speaker: it is also oversimplifying what 834 00:29:56,759 --> 00:29:57,779 Speaker: actually happened. 835 00:29:57,779 --> 00:29:59,460 Speaker: I'm gonna go with vengeful. 836 00:29:59,460 --> 00:30:00,099 Speaker: Vengeful. 837 00:30:00,099 --> 00:30:00,500 Speaker: Yeah. 838 00:30:00,500 --> 00:30:01,819 Speaker: Yeah. 839 00:30:01,819 --> 00:30:03,740 Speaker: What science usually say is that 840 00:30:03,740 --> 00:30:05,740 Speaker: many animals possess 841 00:30:05,740 --> 00:30:07,500 Speaker: sophisticated cognitive 842 00:30:07,500 --> 00:30:10,940 Speaker: abilities once thought to be 843 00:30:10,940 --> 00:30:12,859 Speaker: uniquely human. 844 00:30:12,859 --> 00:30:14,400 Speaker: yeah, we're definitely finding 845 00:30:14,400 --> 00:30:16,019 Speaker: way more out about animal 846 00:30:16,019 --> 00:30:16,700 Speaker: intelligence. 847 00:30:16,700 --> 00:30:16,940 Speaker: Yeah. 848 00:30:16,940 --> 00:30:19,180 Speaker: I'm curious if you know the answer to this one. 849 00:30:19,180 --> 00:30:20,980 Speaker: I would think that you do. 850 00:30:22,700 --> 00:30:28,380 Speaker: Um, the last lab libs, I gave you a type of bird. 851 00:30:28,380 --> 00:30:28,980 Speaker: Mhm. 852 00:30:28,980 --> 00:30:31,259 Speaker: So research has shown that 853 00:30:31,259 --> 00:30:34,000 Speaker: blinks can recognize individual 854 00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:37,099 Speaker: human faces for years and teach 855 00:30:37,099 --> 00:30:39,279 Speaker: those recognitions to other 856 00:30:39,279 --> 00:30:39,700 Speaker: blinks. 857 00:30:39,700 --> 00:30:40,500 Speaker: Crows, right. 858 00:30:40,500 --> 00:30:40,980 Speaker: Yeah. 859 00:30:40,980 --> 00:30:41,339 Speaker: Crows. 860 00:30:41,339 --> 00:30:41,700 Speaker: Yeah. 861 00:30:41,700 --> 00:30:44,420 Speaker: I, I learned about that, by the way. 862 00:30:44,420 --> 00:30:45,339 Speaker: I did say Vulture. 863 00:30:45,339 --> 00:30:46,140 Speaker: That was wrong. 864 00:30:46,140 --> 00:30:46,859 Speaker: Yeah. 865 00:30:46,859 --> 00:30:49,220 Speaker: Um. The cigarette. 866 00:30:49,220 --> 00:30:49,619 Speaker: Yeah. 867 00:30:49,619 --> 00:30:50,539 Speaker: That's what I was gonna say. 868 00:30:50,539 --> 00:30:54,059 Speaker: I remember doing a rabbit hole on animals with jobs. 869 00:30:54,059 --> 00:30:54,420 Speaker: Yep. 870 00:30:54,420 --> 00:30:56,059 Speaker: And it was the crows that 871 00:30:56,059 --> 00:30:57,059 Speaker: learned how to throw away the 872 00:30:57,059 --> 00:30:57,819 Speaker: cigarettes, right? 873 00:30:57,819 --> 00:30:58,339 Speaker: Yep. 874 00:30:58,339 --> 00:31:00,829 Speaker: That's why I was like, oh, she's gonna know this one. 875 00:31:00,829 --> 00:31:02,109 Speaker: Yeah. 876 00:31:02,109 --> 00:31:05,769 Speaker: elephants demonstrate remarkable long term social memory. 877 00:31:05,769 --> 00:31:06,690 Speaker: Mhm. 878 00:31:06,690 --> 00:31:08,750 Speaker: They remember other elephants 879 00:31:08,750 --> 00:31:10,930 Speaker: and certain locations across 880 00:31:10,930 --> 00:31:11,930 Speaker: decades. 881 00:31:11,930 --> 00:31:16,029 Speaker: There's a lot of birds with pretty high intelligence, like 882 00:31:16,029 --> 00:31:17,609 Speaker: parrots and pigeons. 883 00:31:17,609 --> 00:31:18,210 Speaker: And. 884 00:31:18,210 --> 00:31:20,130 Speaker: Yeah, that's crazy ravens. 885 00:31:20,130 --> 00:31:22,130 Speaker: Also similar to crows. 886 00:31:22,130 --> 00:31:24,470 Speaker: dolphins, great apes, wolves, 887 00:31:24,470 --> 00:31:26,309 Speaker: and big cats all show evidence 888 00:31:26,309 --> 00:31:28,589 Speaker: of problem solving, learning 889 00:31:28,589 --> 00:31:30,650 Speaker: from experience, and modifying 890 00:31:30,650 --> 00:31:31,950 Speaker: future behavior based on 891 00:31:31,950 --> 00:31:33,190 Speaker: previous events. 892 00:31:33,190 --> 00:31:33,750 Speaker: Mhm. 893 00:31:33,750 --> 00:31:38,109 Speaker: We used to classify tool use as a sign of intelligence, too. 894 00:31:38,109 --> 00:31:40,990 Speaker: But so many animals use tools. 895 00:31:40,990 --> 00:31:41,390 Speaker: Mhm. 896 00:31:41,390 --> 00:31:43,789 Speaker: Or like use something as a tool. 897

00:31:43,789 --> 00:31:44,309 Speaker: Right. 898 00:31:44,309 --> 00:31:49,069 Speaker: And we started to think that is just more prevalent and not 899 00:31:49,069 --> 00:31:54,990 Speaker: necessarily a sign of like true human like intelligence. 900 00:31:54,990 --> 00:31:55,430 Speaker: Right. 901 00:31:55,430 --> 00:31:56,549 Speaker: As we once thought. 902 00:31:56,549 --> 00:31:57,109 Speaker: Yeah. 903 00:31:57,109 --> 00:32:02,490 Speaker: emerg Tigers themselves rely heavily on memory to survive. 904 00:32:02,490 --> 00:32:06,210 Speaker: A tiger living alone across hundreds of square miles has to 905 00:32:06,210 --> 00:32:12,650 Speaker: remember the locations of prey trails, water sources, 906 00:32:12,650 --> 00:32:17,730 Speaker: territorial boundaries with humans and rival tigers, and 907 00:32:17,730 --> 00:32:19,150 Speaker: safe travel routes. 908 00:32:19,150 --> 00:32:21,230 Speaker: Yeah, and where they've left their food too, right? 909 00:32:21,230 --> 00:32:21,869 Speaker: Yeah. 910 00:32:21,869 --> 00:32:22,430 Speaker: Yeah. 911 00:32:22,430 --> 00:32:22,829 Speaker: True. 912 00:32:22,829 --> 00:32:24,869 Speaker: And if they forget these things, 913 00:32:24,869 --> 00:32:26,269 Speaker: it could lower their hunting 914 00:32:26,269 --> 00:32:28,069 Speaker: success and lead to dangerous 915 00:32:28,069 --> 00:32:29,309 Speaker: confrontations. 916 00:32:29,309 --> 00:32:30,069 Speaker: Mhm. 917 00:32:30,069 --> 00:32:32,250 Speaker: Remembering the person who had 918 00:32:32,250 --> 00:32:34,309 Speaker: wounded it would not be outside 919 00:32:34,309 --> 00:32:35,950 Speaker: the tiger's normal cognitive 920 00:32:35,950 --> 00:32:37,069 Speaker: abilities. 921 00:32:37,069 --> 00:32:37,549 Speaker: Yeah. 922 00:32:37,549 --> 00:32:39,470 Speaker: Many wildlife biologists 923 00:32:39,470 --> 00:32:40,829 Speaker: attribute a different 924 00:32:40,829 --> 00:32:43,190 Speaker: explanation for the Markov 925 00:32:43,190 --> 00:32:44,390 Speaker: incident. 926 00:32:44,390 --> 00:32:46,789 Speaker: Not like revenge in our human sense. 927 00:32:46,789 --> 00:32:48,430 Speaker: The tiger may simply have 928 00:32:48,430 --> 00:32:51,275 Speaker: recognized Markov as an ongoing 929 00:32:51,275 --> 00:32:52,359 Speaker: threat. 930 00:32:52,359 --> 00:32:55,119 Speaker: Yeah, that's more what I was thinking. 931 00:32:55,119 --> 00:32:56,240 Speaker: It sounded like. 932 00:32:56,240 --> 00:32:56,599 Speaker: Yeah. 933 00:32:56,599 --> 00:33:00,680 Speaker: This is an injured predator that had already lost a valuable food 934 00:33:00,680 --> 00:33:04,680 Speaker: source who may have learned that this particular person 935 00:33:04,680 --> 00:33:07,440 Speaker: represented a danger to them. 936 00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:08,319 Speaker: Yeah. 937 00:33:08,319 --> 00:33:12,319 Speaker: So following the scent trail and eliminating that threat may have 938 00:33:12,319 --> 00:33:16,440 Speaker: just been an adaptive survival strategy rather than a more 939 00:33:16,440 --> 00:33:18,720 Speaker: emotional act of retaliation. 940 00:33:18,720 --> 00:33:21,000 Speaker: This explanation doesn't require 941 00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:22,359 Speaker: the assumption that the tiger 942 00:33:22,359 --> 00:33:24,240 Speaker: felt hatred, anger, or desire 943 00:33:24,240 --> 00:33:25,240 Speaker: for revenge. 944 00:33:25,240 --> 00:33:28,759 Speaker: It relies on abilities scientists already know that 945 00:33:28,759 --> 00:33:32,359 Speaker: many intelligent animals have, like memory, recognized 946 00:33:32,359 --> 00:33:35,700 Speaker: individuals making decisions based on past experience. 947 00:33:35,700 --> 00:33:36,180 Speaker: Mhm. 948 00:33:36,180 --> 00:33:39,900 Speaker: Um, but this, this event is still pretty extraordinary. 949 00:33:39,900 --> 00:33:42,384 Speaker: It's extraordinary that the 950 00:33:42,384 --> 00:33:43,950 Speaker: recognizing the individual and 951 00:33:43,950 --> 00:33:45,109 Speaker: following him and waiting for 952 00:33:45,109 --> 00:33:45,670 Speaker: him. 953 00:33:45,670 --> 00:33:46,470 Speaker: The waiting is. 954 00:33:46,470 --> 00:33:48,750 Speaker: The waiting is crazy to me. 955 00:33:48,750 --> 00:33:51,789 Speaker: The biggest part for me, because it's not like it waited an hour. 956 00:33:51,789 --> 00:33:53,789 Speaker: It waited like twelve hours or something. 957 00:33:53,789 --> 00:33:56,509 Speaker: You said twelve to forty eight. 958 00:33:56,509 --> 00:33:57,069 Speaker: Oh, wow. 959 00:33:57,069 --> 00:33:57,670 Speaker: Yeah. 960 00:33:57,670 --> 00:33:59,589 Speaker: Like yeah. 961 00:33:59,589 --> 00:34:00,950 Speaker: Following a scent trail. 962 00:34:00,950 --> 00:34:01,349 Speaker: Yeah. 963 00:34:01,349 --> 00:34:02,549 Speaker: That's normal. 964 00:34:02,549 --> 00:34:03,829 Speaker: Like animals do that. 965 00:34:03,829 --> 00:34:04,150 Speaker: Right? 966 00:34:04,150 --> 00:34:05,309 Speaker: Right. 967 00:34:05,309 --> 00:34:10,190 Speaker: But like following it to a certain place and then not 968 00:34:10,190 --> 00:34:12,989 Speaker: finding him there, not finding him there, still waiting and 969 00:34:12,989 --> 00:34:16,949 Speaker: then just waiting there, like knowing this guy's probably 970 00:34:16,949 --> 00:34:18,590 Speaker: going to come back to this. 971 00:34:18,590 --> 00:34:20,429 Speaker: How would the tiger know? 972 00:34:20,429 --> 00:34:23,949 Speaker: I guess like if the scent trail 973 00:34:23,949 --> 00:34:26,630 Speaker: is strong enough or something, I 974 00:34:26,630 --> 00:34:27,349 Speaker: don't know. 975 00:34:27,349 --> 00:34:27,550 Speaker: Yeah. 976 00:34:27,550 --> 00:34:32,309 Speaker: Or maybe it's good at recognizing like where another 977 00:34:32,309 --> 00:34:35,550 Speaker: tiger's home base is. 978 00:34:35,550 --> 00:34:37,389 Speaker: And so it recognized this house 979 00:34:37,389 --> 00:34:39,469 Speaker: as like the human's home base 980

00:34:39,469 --> 00:34:40,469 Speaker: maybe. 981 00:34:40,469 --> 00:34:42,769 Speaker: Because if it's respecting other. 982 00:34:42,769 --> 00:34:45,250 Speaker: Okay, respect is also anthropomorphizing. 983 00:34:45,250 --> 00:34:49,449 Speaker: But if it's staying away from rival Tigers home base and 984 00:34:49,449 --> 00:34:53,889 Speaker: territory, it may have had that one marked already as like this 985 00:34:53,889 --> 00:34:56,690 Speaker: human's territory is a territory that's not mine. 986 00:34:56,690 --> 00:34:57,369 Speaker: Yeah, yeah. 987 00:34:57,369 --> 00:34:59,610 Speaker: Or or it just like once it got 988 00:34:59,610 --> 00:35:02,610 Speaker: there, it could recognize the 989 00:35:02,610 --> 00:35:04,469 Speaker: pattern, the similar pattern of 990 00:35:04,469 --> 00:35:05,730 Speaker: like, what? 991 00:35:05,730 --> 00:35:08,369 Speaker: A home base of another predator. 992 00:35:08,369 --> 00:35:08,809 Speaker: Yeah. 993 00:35:08,809 --> 00:35:11,329 Speaker: Looks like feels and smells. 994 00:35:11,329 --> 00:35:12,289 Speaker: Yeah, exactly. 995 00:35:12,289 --> 00:35:13,889 Speaker: Yeah, exactly. 996 00:35:13,889 --> 00:35:17,650 Speaker: But it's still crazy that he waited, um, like, and, and 997 00:35:17,650 --> 00:35:21,530 Speaker: didn't get like, you know, bored and distracted and like, okay, 998 00:35:21,530 --> 00:35:22,250 Speaker: this isn't worth it. 999 00:35:22,250 --> 00:35:23,690 Speaker: I'm gonna go find food now. 1000 00:35:23,690 --> 00:35:25,090 Speaker: He was destroying everything. 1001 00:35:25,090 --> 00:35:25,329 Speaker: Yeah. 1002 00:35:25,329 --> 00:35:26,449 Speaker: He was destroying everything. 1003 00:35:26,449 --> 00:35:31,530 Speaker: researchers who have spent decades studying Amur tigers 1004 00:35:31,530 --> 00:35:36,650 Speaker: emphasize that attacks like this are exceptionally rare. 1005 00:35:36,650 --> 00:35:37,050 Speaker: Yeah. 1006 00:35:37,050 --> 00:35:40,980 Speaker: Most tigers actively avoid people, and most attacks occur 1007 00:35:40,980 --> 00:35:44,260 Speaker: because an animal is injured, surprised, cornered, or unable 1008 00:35:44,260 --> 00:35:46,099 Speaker: to hunt its natural prey. 1009 00:35:46,099 --> 00:35:48,340 Speaker: Yeah, and you know why? 1010 00:35:48,340 --> 00:35:50,579 Speaker: This is probably pretty rare situation? 1011 00:35:50,579 --> 00:35:52,800 Speaker: Because most humans don't 1012 00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:54,219 Speaker: interrupt a tiger's meal and 1013 00:35:54,219 --> 00:35:55,659 Speaker: shoot him and drag away the 1014 00:35:55,659 --> 00:35:56,139 Speaker: food. 1015 00:35:56,139 --> 00:35:56,619 Speaker: That's true. 1016 00:35:56,619 --> 00:35:59,500 Speaker: Like that is also exceptionally rare. 1017 00:35:59,500 --> 00:35:59,980 Speaker: Yeah. 1018 00:35:59,980 --> 00:36:02,980 Speaker: Yeah, that's pretty unique for Markov here. 1019 00:36:02,980 --> 00:36:04,699 Speaker: The sequence of events in the 1020 00:36:04,699 --> 00:36:06,579 Speaker: Markov case does not fit very 1021 00:36:06,579 --> 00:36:08,179 Speaker: neatly into those categories, 1022 00:36:08,179 --> 00:36:09,900 Speaker: which is why it continues to be 1023 00:36:09,900 --> 00:36:12,199 Speaker: discussed more than twenty five 1024 00:36:12,199 --> 00:36:13,219 Speaker: years later. 1025 00:36:13,219 --> 00:36:13,900 Speaker: Yeah. 1026 00:36:13,900 --> 00:36:17,179 Speaker: The story also highlights the difficult relationship between 1027 00:36:17,179 --> 00:36:19,500 Speaker: humans and large predators. 1028 00:36:19,500 --> 00:36:23,619 Speaker: During the twentieth century, Amur tigers were pushed to the 1029 00:36:23,619 --> 00:36:27,460 Speaker: edge of extinction through habitat loss and poaching. 1030 00:36:27,460 --> 00:36:29,760 Speaker: By the nineteen forties, only a 1031 00:36:29,760 --> 00:36:31,909 Speaker: few dozen were still left in the 1032 00:36:31,909 --> 00:36:32,670 Speaker: wild. 1033 00:36:32,670 --> 00:36:33,070 Speaker: Wow. 1034 00:36:33,070 --> 00:36:34,550 Speaker: Thanks to decades of 1035 00:36:34,550 --> 00:36:36,909 Speaker: conservation efforts by Russia, 1036 00:36:36,909 --> 00:36:38,949 Speaker: China, and international 1037 00:36:38,949 --> 00:36:41,070 Speaker: organizations, the population 1038 00:36:41,070 --> 00:36:43,530 Speaker: has recovered to several hundred 1039 00:36:43,530 --> 00:36:44,590 Speaker: individuals. 1040 00:36:44,590 --> 00:36:45,230 Speaker: Okay. 1041 00:36:45,230 --> 00:36:48,530 Speaker: Something, Even today, however, conflicts with humans remain one 1042 00:36:48,530 --> 00:36:52,250 Speaker: of the greatest challenges that this species faces. 1043 00:36:52,250 --> 00:36:55,110 Speaker: a lot of most species are facing. 1044 00:36:55,110 --> 00:36:56,150 Speaker: Yeah. 1045 00:36:56,150 --> 00:37:00,929 Speaker: the Markov incident shows a lesson about intelligence. 1046 00:37:00,929 --> 00:37:04,289 Speaker: The tiger showed patience, memory, and ability to respond 1047 00:37:04,289 --> 00:37:06,610 Speaker: to previous experiences. 1048 00:37:06,610 --> 00:37:10,449 Speaker: Whether these actions should be labeled revenge is a question we 1049 00:37:10,449 --> 00:37:12,329 Speaker: really can't answer. 1050 00:37:12,329 --> 00:37:13,329 Speaker: Mhm. 1051 00:37:13,329 --> 00:37:16,010 Speaker: What do you think the evidence tells us? 1052 00:37:16,010 --> 00:37:19,849 Speaker: What the tiger did does not tell us what the tiger was thinking. 1053 00:37:19,849 --> 00:37:21,650 Speaker: So for now, the Vladimir Markov 1054 00:37:21,650 --> 00:37:24,039 Speaker: case remains one of wildlife 1055 00:37:24,039 --> 00:37:25,590 Speaker: biology's most intriguing 1056 00:37:25,590 --> 00:37:26,710 Speaker: mysteries. 1057 00:37:26,710 --> 00:37:27,110 Speaker: Yeah. 1058 00:37:27,110 --> 00:37:28,710 Speaker: what do I think? 1059 00:37:28,710 --> 00:37:32,150 Speaker: I think that, like, do you think it was an

emotional response? 1060 00:37:32,150 --> 00:37:33,750 Speaker: I don't, I don't know. 1061 00:37:33,750 --> 00:37:37,710 Speaker: Maybe a little bit like I think maybe there was a little bit of 1062 00:37:37,710 --> 00:37:42,929 Speaker: emotion, I think maybe a little bit, but also just like the 1063 00:37:42,929 --> 00:37:45,510 Speaker: animalistic part of like, this is a threat. 1064 00:37:45,510 --> 00:37:47,510 Speaker: This threat stole my food. 1065 00:37:47,510 --> 00:37:50,469 Speaker: This threat could steal more of my food. 1066 00:37:50,469 --> 00:37:52,590 Speaker: This threat tried to injure me. 1067 00:37:52,590 --> 00:37:53,469 Speaker: You know what I mean? 1068 00:37:53,469 --> 00:37:58,389 Speaker: Like, there's so many, like, things that this dude did wrong. 1069 00:37:58,389 --> 00:37:59,429 Speaker: Yeah. 1070 00:37:59,429 --> 00:38:00,150 Speaker: For real. 1071 00:38:00,150 --> 00:38:01,190 Speaker: Oh my God. 1072 00:38:01,190 --> 00:38:04,769 Speaker: okay, so I have something fun. 1073 00:38:04,769 --> 00:38:05,449 Speaker: Okay. 1074 00:38:07,409 --> 00:38:14,949 Speaker: Most of this, information that you get on this case is actually 1075 00:38:14,949 --> 00:38:19,340 Speaker: from like one book, like this guy wrote one book on it. 1076 00:38:19,340 --> 00:38:24,780 Speaker: So it's called The Tiger A True Story of Vengeance and Survival 1077 00:38:24,780 --> 00:38:26,579 Speaker: by John Vaillant. 1078 00:38:26,579 --> 00:38:30,780 Speaker: I found obviously a lot more sources, but that one was like 1079 00:38:30,780 --> 00:38:34,019 Speaker: the most dense is actually sparing information on the 1080 00:38:34,019 --> 00:38:35,619 Speaker: internet about this case. 1081 00:38:35,619 --> 00:38:42,420 Speaker: For shits and giggles, I went to Amazon to see what people think 1082 00:38:42,420 --> 00:38:43,420 Speaker: about this book. 1083 00:38:43,420 --> 00:38:43,860 Speaker: Right? 1084 00:38:43,860 --> 00:38:44,460 Speaker: Okay. 1085 00:38:44,460 --> 00:38:49,099 Speaker: Because in a lot of the stuff I read, it was like, he made it 1086 00:38:49,099 --> 00:38:53,199 Speaker: to, emotional and vengeful and all that, right. 1087 00:38:53,199 --> 00:38:58,179 Speaker: Well, most of the people, the reviews actually said, it was a 1088 00:38:58,179 --> 00:39:04,849 Speaker: good book, but there was so much like history of Russia and all 1089 00:39:04,849 --> 00:39:08,469 Speaker: the stuff that they didn't like, and he just meandered. 1090 00:39:08,469 --> 00:39:10,230 Speaker: And we're just here for the Tigers. 1091 00:39:10,230 --> 00:39:12,190 Speaker: We just want to hear about the tiger man. 1092 00:39:12,190 --> 00:39:14,190 Speaker: Why are you talking about history, man? 1093 00:39:17,309 --> 00:39:20,070 Speaker: But for fun, I would like to 1094 00:39:20,070 --> 00:39:22,909 Speaker: read you a few a few of their 1095 00:39:22,909 --> 00:39:24,389 Speaker: reviews. 1096 00:39:24,389 --> 00:39:25,070 Speaker: Okay. 1097 00:39:25,070 --> 00:39:28,230 Speaker: So. All right, lay it on me. 1098 00:39:28,230 --> 00:39:30,650 Speaker: one star is the title. 1099 00:39:32,090 --> 00:39:34,769 Speaker: It was slow and difficult to follow. 1100 00:39:34,769 --> 00:39:36,369 Speaker: There were multiple tangents 1101 00:39:36,369 --> 00:39:37,829 Speaker: that were distracting from the 1102 00:39:37,829 --> 00:39:38,750 Speaker: main storyline. 1103 00:39:38,750 --> 00:39:40,349 Speaker: They wouldn't like our podcast? 1104 00:39:40,349 --> 00:39:41,030 Speaker: Nope. 1105 00:39:42,829 --> 00:39:46,230 Speaker: If they don't like tangents, this one's a good one. 1106 00:39:46,230 --> 00:39:48,389 Speaker: Paul is going to give us some real insight. 1107 00:39:48,389 --> 00:39:49,349 Speaker: All right, let's hear it. 1108 00:39:49,349 --> 00:39:49,750 Speaker: Paul. 1109 00:39:49,750 --> 00:39:51,030 Speaker: He gave it a one star. 1110 00:39:51,030 --> 00:39:51,630 Speaker: All right. 1111 00:39:51,630 --> 00:39:53,070 Speaker: His title is. 1112 00:39:53,070 --> 00:39:54,670 Speaker: I have not read the book. 1113 00:39:54,670 --> 00:39:55,349 Speaker: Oh, okay. 1114 00:39:55,349 --> 00:39:56,070 Speaker: Okay. 1115 00:39:56,070 --> 00:39:56,949 Speaker: Yeah. 1116 00:39:56,949 --> 00:39:59,630 Speaker: I have perused it though, and 1117 00:39:59,630 --> 00:40:01,909 Speaker: will probably end up a five star 1118 00:40:01,909 --> 00:40:02,469 Speaker: reading. 1119 00:40:02,469 --> 00:40:04,789 Speaker: So what? 1120 00:40:04,789 --> 00:40:06,110 Speaker: Oh my God. 1121 00:40:06,110 --> 00:40:08,070 Speaker: Thanks, Paul. 1122 00:40:08,070 --> 00:40:09,230 Speaker: That was helpful. 1123 00:40:09,230 --> 00:40:10,949 Speaker: David says one star. 1124 00:40:10,949 --> 00:40:12,030 Speaker: Terrible book. 1125 00:40:12,030 --> 00:40:13,349 Speaker: Do yourself a favor and do 1126 00:40:13,349 --> 00:40:15,010 Speaker: something else besides read 1127 00:40:15,010 --> 00:40:16,630 Speaker: reading this. 1128 00:40:16,630 --> 00:40:18,230 Speaker: All right, I, I will. 1129 00:40:18,230 --> 00:40:19,550 Speaker: Because I probably won't read it. 1130 00:40:19,550 --> 00:40:23,420 Speaker: this one's one star Title tedious. 1131 00:40:23,420 --> 00:40:24,300 Speaker: Okay. 1132 00:40:24,300 --> 00:40:28,139 Speaker: Only three hundred and thirty something pages, but it read 1133 00:40:28,139 --> 00:40:32,139 Speaker: like, twice that many by the time I got to part two. 1134 00:40:32,139 --> 00:40:36,619 Speaker: I no longer cared what happened to any of the Tiger's victims. 1135 00:40:36,619 --> 00:40:39,980 Speaker: As for the tiger, I'm sure he died of old age. 1136 00:40:39,980 --> 00:40:42,300 Speaker: Nope, he did not. 1137 00:40:42,300 --> 00:40:43,300 Speaker: Kept breeding dogs. 1138 00:40:43,300 --> 00:40:46,300 Speaker: There were multiple victims of this tiger. 1139 00:40:46,300 --> 00:40:47,099 Speaker: Yes. 1140 00:40:47,099 -->

00:40:50,960 Speaker: And I really couldn't find a lot of information on the second 1141 00:40:50,960 --> 00:40:56,139 Speaker: one, so I would kind of try to not mention it too much. 1142 00:40:56,139 --> 00:40:57,579 Speaker: But that makes more sense to me 1143 00:40:57,579 --> 00:40:59,619 Speaker: about why they decided to kill 1144 00:40:59,619 --> 00:41:00,659 Speaker: the tiger. 1145 00:41:00,659 --> 00:41:00,940 Speaker: Yeah. 1146 00:41:00,940 --> 00:41:01,460 Speaker: Yeah. 1147 00:41:01,460 --> 00:41:01,980 Speaker: Mhm. 1148 00:41:01,980 --> 00:41:03,059 Speaker: I have two more. 1149 00:41:03,059 --> 00:41:04,139 Speaker: All right, let's hear them. 1150 00:41:04,139 --> 00:41:06,860 Speaker: And the last one is my absolute favorite. 1151 00:41:06,860 --> 00:41:07,260 Speaker: Oh, gosh. 1152 00:41:07,260 --> 00:41:07,860 Speaker: I'm excited. 1153 00:41:07,860 --> 00:41:11,409 Speaker: this one is Melinda, and she gives it two stars. 1154 00:41:11,409 --> 00:41:12,090 Speaker: Oh, nice. 1155 00:41:12,090 --> 00:41:12,690 Speaker: All right. 1156 00:41:12,690 --> 00:41:15,769 Speaker: But her title is Where's the Tiger? 1157 00:41:15,769 --> 00:41:18,250 Speaker: you tell me if this is the right word or not. 1158 00:41:18,250 --> 00:41:21,849 Speaker: But, um, we learn in extricating 1159 00:41:21,849 --> 00:41:24,570 Speaker: detail about just about everyone 1160 00:41:24,570 --> 00:41:26,969 Speaker: living in eastern Russia except 1161 00:41:26,969 --> 00:41:28,849 Speaker: for the title character, the 1162 00:41:28,849 --> 00:41:29,889 Speaker: tiger. 1163 00:41:29,889 --> 00:41:31,969 Speaker: Exclamation point. 1164 00:41:31,969 --> 00:41:36,530 Speaker: I know tigers are masters of camouflage, but come on. 1165 00:41:36,530 --> 00:41:38,250 Speaker: Oh, it's camouflaged in the book. 1166 00:41:40,809 --> 00:41:45,369 Speaker: We learn in extricating detail. 1167 00:41:45,369 --> 00:41:45,969 Speaker: That's not right. 1168 00:41:45,969 --> 00:41:46,730 Speaker: Not the right word. 1169 00:41:46,730 --> 00:41:46,969 Speaker: Right. 1170 00:41:46,969 --> 00:41:47,849 Speaker: Excruciating, right? 1171 00:41:47,849 --> 00:41:48,449 Speaker: That's right. 1172 00:41:48,449 --> 00:41:49,010 Speaker: Yeah. 1173 00:41:49,010 --> 00:41:50,369 Speaker: Okay, so she's saying they 1174 00:41:50,369 --> 00:41:51,409 Speaker: didn't even talk about the tiger 1175 00:41:51,409 --> 00:41:51,889 Speaker: at all. 1176 00:41:51,889 --> 00:41:52,849 Speaker: Where's the tiger? 1177 00:41:52,849 --> 00:41:54,130 Speaker: Where's the tiger? 1178 00:41:55,889 --> 00:41:58,250 Speaker: Yeah, he probably died of old age. 1179 00:41:58,250 --> 00:42:01,670 Speaker: I feel like she also didn't read the book properly. 1180 00:42:01,670 --> 00:42:02,869 Speaker: This is my favorite one. 1181 00:42:02,869 --> 00:42:03,389 Speaker: Okay. 1182 00:42:03,389 --> 00:42:04,710 Speaker: All righty. 1183 00:42:04,710 --> 00:42:07,309 Speaker: This is by Earl, and

I'll give you his last name. 1184 00:42:07,309 --> 00:42:09,230 Speaker: Hey, it's out there, Earl Scott. 1185 00:42:09,230 --> 00:42:09,989 Speaker: Okay. 1186 00:42:09,989 --> 00:42:11,150 Speaker: Hello. 1187 00:42:11,150 --> 00:42:13,949 Speaker: Sounds like the grumpy old white man. 1188 00:42:13,949 --> 00:42:15,789 Speaker: he gave it two stars. 1189 00:42:15,789 --> 00:42:18,909 Speaker: Nice title. 1190 00:42:18,909 --> 00:42:22,750 Speaker: Interesting, but written by a commie enviro wacko. 1191 00:42:26,550 --> 00:42:27,429 Speaker: Oh, God. 1192 00:42:27,429 --> 00:42:28,949 Speaker: I love you, Earl. 1193 00:42:32,269 --> 00:42:33,269 Speaker: I'm sorry. 1194 00:42:34,309 --> 00:42:36,590 Speaker: The basic story was interesting, 1195 00:42:36,590 --> 00:42:39,110 Speaker: but his pining for the good old 1196 00:42:39,110 --> 00:42:41,070 Speaker: days of communism and his 1197 00:42:41,070 --> 00:42:44,289 Speaker: nonsensical environmental wacko 1198 00:42:44,289 --> 00:42:46,389 Speaker: musings were too stupid to take 1199 00:42:46,389 --> 00:42:47,590 Speaker: seriously. 1200 00:42:47,590 --> 00:42:50,909 Speaker: What a way to ruin a good story. 1201 00:42:50,909 --> 00:42:52,590 Speaker: Okay. 1202 00:42:52,590 --> 00:42:53,190 Speaker: Well. 1203 00:42:54,710 --> 00:42:55,590 Speaker: Thanks, Earl. 1204 00:42:55,590 --> 00:42:56,829 Speaker: Thanks, Earl. 1205 00:42:56,829 --> 00:42:58,360 Speaker: At least Earl read the book. 1206 00:42:58,360 --> 00:42:59,639 Speaker: At least Earl read the book. 1207 00:42:59,639 --> 00:43:01,119 Speaker: Yeah, it seems like it. 1208 00:43:01,119 --> 00:43:02,760 Speaker: Yeah. 1209 00:43:02,760 --> 00:43:05,679 Speaker: I love commie, enviro, wacko. 1210 00:43:05,679 --> 00:43:06,920 Speaker: Yeah, I love that. 1211 00:43:06,920 --> 00:43:07,239 Speaker: Yeah. 1212 00:43:07,239 --> 00:43:11,199 Speaker: I love finding little tidbits like this in my research, too. 1213 00:43:11,199 --> 00:43:13,900 Speaker: Like I've found, little Facebook 1214 00:43:13,900 --> 00:43:15,500 Speaker: posts about something relevant 1215 00:43:15,500 --> 00:43:16,340 Speaker: or. 1216 00:43:16,340 --> 00:43:17,500 Speaker: Yeah, yeah. 1217 00:43:17,500 --> 00:43:19,219 Speaker: Or, God forbid you see a read. 1218 00:43:19,219 --> 00:43:23,139 Speaker: When I did that Parkinson's episode, I found like people on 1219 00:43:23,139 --> 00:43:27,099 Speaker: Facebook trying to say that they could also smell Parkinson's and 1220 00:43:27,099 --> 00:43:27,739 Speaker: stuff like that. 1221 00:43:27,739 --> 00:43:28,300 Speaker: Yeah. 1222 00:43:29,659 --> 00:43:29,980 Speaker: Yeah. 1223 00:43:29,980 --> 00:43:31,900 Speaker: I don't think I'm ever gonna forget. 1224 00:43:31,900 --> 00:43:33,019 Speaker: Ccommie enviro. 1225 00:43:33,019 --> 00:43:33,900 Speaker: Wacko. 1226 00:43:33,900 --> 00:43:34,420 Speaker: That's good. 1227 00:43:34,420 --> 00:43:35,460 Speaker: That's pretty good. 1228 00:43:35,460 --> 00:43:36,460 Speaker: That's pretty great. 1229 00:43:36,460 --> 00:43:37,860 Speaker: Put that on a t shirt, too. 1230 00:43:37,860 --> 00:43:41,420 Speaker: Yeah, I would wear that shirt. 1231 00:43:41,420 --> 00:43:43,699 Speaker: Call me and I could. 1232 00:43:43,699 --> 00:43:44,619 Speaker: I'll take that label. 1233 00:43:44,619 --> 00:43:44,860 Speaker: Yeah. 1234 00:43:44,860 --> 00:43:45,420 Speaker: You want that? 1235 00:43:45,420 --> 00:43:47,019 Speaker: Yeah, I'll take that label. 1236 00:43:47,019 --> 00:43:48,420 Speaker: That pretty much describes us. 1237 00:43:48,420 --> 00:43:50,139 Speaker: Oh, gosh. 1238 00:43:52,019 --> 00:43:53,460 Speaker: I took you down. 1239 00:43:53,460 --> 00:43:56,599 Speaker: a revengeful adventure. 1240 00:43:56,599 --> 00:43:57,199 Speaker: Okay. 1241 00:43:57,199 --> 00:43:59,960 Speaker: You take me down your rabbit hole. 1242 00:43:59,960 --> 00:44:02,960 Speaker: I think that my rabbit hole actually goes pretty well with 1243 00:44:02,960 --> 00:44:04,480 Speaker: your topic for once. 1244 00:44:04,480 --> 00:44:05,119 Speaker: Really? 1245 00:44:05,119 --> 00:44:08,210 Speaker: It's not like, wildly on the other side of the universe. 1246 00:44:08,210 --> 00:44:09,369 Speaker: Okay, cool. 1247 00:44:09,369 --> 00:44:10,809 Speaker: I like it. 1248 00:44:10,809 --> 00:44:14,650 Speaker: So, it's not so much as a rabbit hole so much as I read this 1249 00:44:14,650 --> 00:44:16,650 Speaker: really interesting Substack. 1250 00:44:16,650 --> 00:44:17,409 Speaker: You know what that is? 1251 00:44:17,409 --> 00:44:18,010 Speaker: Yeah, yeah. 1252 00:44:18,010 --> 00:44:18,489 Speaker: Mhm. 1253 00:44:18,489 --> 00:44:23,469 Speaker: and I just thought it was so weird that some people from the 1254 00:44:23,469 --> 00:44:25,969 Speaker: past are, like, super famous, and then now we don't know who 1255 00:44:25,969 --> 00:44:27,789 Speaker: the fuck they are at all. 1256 00:44:27,789 --> 00:44:28,389 Speaker: Yeah. 1257 00:44:28,389 --> 00:44:29,750 Speaker: And this guy is an example. 1258 00:44:29,750 --> 00:44:30,510 Speaker: Okay. 1259 00:44:30,510 --> 00:44:32,349 Speaker: Alexander von Humboldt. 1260 00:44:32,349 --> 00:44:33,309 Speaker: Have you ever heard of him? 1261 00:44:33,309 --> 00:44:35,750 Speaker: No, I have never heard of him either. 1262 00:44:35,750 --> 00:44:38,030 Speaker: He invented ecology, basically. 1263 00:44:38,030 --> 00:44:38,389 Speaker: Really? 1264 00:44:38,389 --> 00:44:39,670 Speaker: And he was the most famous 1265 00:44:39,670 --> 00:44:41,349 Speaker: person other than Napoleon 1266 00:44:41,349 --> 00:44:42,650 Speaker: during the late eighteen 1267 00:44:42,650 --> 00:44:43,750 Speaker: hundreds. 1268 00:44:43,750 --> 00:44:45,789 Speaker: He was the most famous person in the world. 1269 00:44:45,789 --> 00:44:46,670 Speaker: Really? 1270 00:44:46,670 --> 00:44:47,949 Speaker: Yeah. 1271 00:44:47,949 --> 00:44:50,190 Speaker: And now we've, like, never

heard of him at all. 1272 00:44:50,190 --> 00:44:53,150 Speaker: Van Holt, van Humboldt. 1273 00:44:53,150 --> 00:44:55,590 Speaker: Alexander von Humboldt. 1274 00:44:55,590 --> 00:44:56,989 Speaker: Okay. 1275 00:44:56,989 --> 00:44:59,429 Speaker: No, I've never heard of him at all. 1276 00:44:59,429 --> 00:45:03,250 Speaker: But yeah, this person that wrote the Substack. 1277 00:45:03,250 --> 00:45:03,650 Speaker: Let's see. 1278 00:45:03,650 --> 00:45:04,650 Speaker: I'll give them credit. 1279 00:45:04,650 --> 00:45:05,650 Speaker: Sam matey. 1280 00:45:05,650 --> 00:45:06,409 Speaker: Cost. 1281 00:45:06,409 --> 00:45:06,849 Speaker: Okay. 1282 00:45:06,849 --> 00:45:07,849 Speaker: Thanks, Sam. 1283 00:45:07,849 --> 00:45:08,329 Speaker: Mhm. 1284 00:45:08,329 --> 00:45:10,469 Speaker: he said it's like crazy that we 1285 00:45:10,469 --> 00:45:12,130 Speaker: even have to educate ourselves 1286 00:45:12,130 --> 00:45:13,670 Speaker: that, like, somebody needs to 1287 00:45:13,670 --> 00:45:15,230 Speaker: educate themselves on Alexander 1288 00:45:15,230 --> 00:45:17,190 Speaker: von Humboldt, because two 1289 00:45:17,190 --> 00:45:19,909 Speaker: hundred years ago, any educated 1290 00:45:19,909 --> 00:45:21,630 Speaker: person would, like, think that's 1291 00:45:21,630 --> 00:45:22,829 Speaker: crazy, right? 1292 00:45:22,829 --> 00:45:24,710 Speaker: Because they would know exactly who he is. 1293 00:45:24,710 --> 00:45:26,429 Speaker: Yeah, yeah, yeah. 1294 00:45:26,429 --> 00:45:32,630 Speaker: he was an inspiration to Charles Darwin, even like Darwin. 1295 00:45:32,630 --> 00:45:35,550 Speaker: read Humboldt's book so many 1296 00:45:35,550 --> 00:45:37,030 Speaker: times that he said he had it 1297 00:45:37,030 --> 00:45:40,070 Speaker: memorized parts of it, and he 1298 00:45:40,070 --> 00:45:41,809 Speaker: brought it with him on his 1299 00:45:41,809 --> 00:45:43,989 Speaker: Galapagos tour. 1300 00:45:43,989 --> 00:45:44,510 Speaker: Oh, wow. 1301 00:45:44,510 --> 00:45:49,769 Speaker: And that some of the first pieces written of Darwin's 1302 00:45:49,769 --> 00:45:55,719 Speaker: theory of evolution are written in the like margins of Alexander 1303 00:45:55,719 --> 00:45:57,320 Speaker: von Humboldt's book. 1304 00:45:57,320 --> 00:45:57,800 Speaker: Wow. 1305 00:45:57,800 --> 00:46:00,840 Speaker: Well, do you think that that's why he's kind of lost, though? 1306 00:46:00,840 --> 00:46:04,039 Speaker: Because of how big Darwin became? 1307 00:46:04,039 --> 00:46:07,800 Speaker: Maybe, I don't know, but let me tell you about him. 1308 00:46:07,800 --> 00:46:13,000 Speaker: Okay, so he's got the most number of things named after him 1309 00:46:13,000 --> 00:46:14,159 Speaker: out of anyone in history. 1310 00:46:14,159 --> 00:46:15,079 Speaker: Are you serious? 1311 00:46:15,079 --> 00:46:15,440 Speaker: Yeah. 1312 00:46:15,440 --> 00:46:17,639 Speaker: Here's some partial lists. 1313 00:46:17,639 --> 00:46:19,920 Speaker:

I'm not even going to read all of their partial lists, but. 1314 00:46:19,920 --> 00:46:20,639 Speaker: Okay. 1315 00:46:20,639 --> 00:46:24,280 Speaker: The Humboldt squid, the Humboldt penguin, the Humboldt's hog 1316 00:46:24,280 --> 00:46:28,079 Speaker: nosed skunk, Humboldt sapphire, hummingbird, a bunch of other 1317 00:46:28,079 --> 00:46:32,360 Speaker: animals, a glacier, a county in California, a park in Chicago, 1318 00:46:32,360 --> 00:46:34,920 Speaker: National parks, forests, monuments in Cuba. 1319 00:46:34,920 --> 00:46:35,599 Speaker: Holy crap. 1320 00:46:35,599 --> 00:46:38,159 Speaker: Peru, the United States, three 1321 00:46:38,159 --> 00:46:39,800 Speaker: different Humboldt Mountain 1322 00:46:39,800 --> 00:46:40,519 Speaker: ranges. 1323 00:46:40,519 --> 00:46:41,599 Speaker: Oh my God. 1324 00:46:41,599 --> 00:46:46,679 Speaker: Nevada was almost named Humboldt. 1325 00:46:46,679 --> 00:46:49,679 Speaker: No freaking way. 1326 00:46:49,679 --> 00:46:50,719 Speaker: Isn't that crazy? 1327 00:46:50,719 --> 00:46:51,480 Speaker: Yeah. 1328 00:46:51,480 --> 00:46:52,840 Speaker: How do I not know this name? 1329 00:46:52,840 --> 00:46:53,889 Speaker: I don't know. 1330 00:46:53,889 --> 00:46:55,849 Speaker: I was like, floored by that. 1331 00:46:55,849 --> 00:46:56,889 Speaker: Okay. 1332 00:46:56,889 --> 00:47:02,570 Speaker: so he was born in seventeen sixty nine and in eighteen sixty 1333 00:47:02,570 --> 00:47:06,010 Speaker: nine, the one hundredth anniversary of his birth. 1334 00:47:06,010 --> 00:47:06,929 Speaker: Okay. 1335 00:47:06,929 --> 00:47:09,730 Speaker: There were cities worldwide 1336 00:47:09,730 --> 00:47:10,969 Speaker: holding Humboldt themed 1337 00:47:10,969 --> 00:47:12,489 Speaker: celebrations. 1338 00:47:12,489 --> 00:47:16,090 Speaker: Thousands of people in the US. 1339 00:47:16,090 --> 00:47:21,369 Speaker: president Ulysses Grant was part of a ten zero zero zero person 1340 00:47:21,369 --> 00:47:23,150 Speaker: Humboldt Fest in Pittsburgh. 1341 00:47:23,150 --> 00:47:24,789 Speaker: What in the fuck are we talking? 1342 00:47:24,789 --> 00:47:27,030 Speaker: There was another one in, New 1343 00:47:27,030 --> 00:47:28,570 Speaker: York with twenty five thousand 1344 00:47:28,570 --> 00:47:30,210 Speaker: people and one in Berlin with 1345 00:47:30,210 --> 00:47:32,309 Speaker: eighty thousand people in 1346 00:47:32,309 --> 00:47:32,769 Speaker: attendance. 1347 00:47:32,769 --> 00:47:34,289 Speaker: Are we talking about. 1348 00:47:38,050 --> 00:47:40,869 Speaker: Okay, so he's from Europe. 1349 00:47:40,869 --> 00:47:42,630 Speaker: He was born in seventeen sixty nine. 1350 00:47:42,630 --> 00:47:43,510 Speaker: And. 1351 00:47:43,510 --> 00:47:44,070 Speaker: German. 1352 00:47:44,070 --> 00:47:44,809 Speaker: Yeah. 1353 00:47:44,809 --> 00:47:46,050 Speaker: Prussian. 1354 00:47:46,050 --> 00:47:46,730 Speaker: Okay. 1355 00:47:46,730 --> 00:47:47,409 Speaker: Is that Germany? 1356 00:47:47,409 --> 00:47:47,889 Speaker: Germany. 1357 00:47:47,889 --> 00:47:48,329 Speaker: Okay. 1358 00:47:48,329 --> 00:47:52,809 Speaker: He was interested in all kinds of different topics growing up, 1359 00:47:52,809 --> 00:47:56,769 Speaker: but there was no real, science track in that time. 1360 00:47:56,769 --> 00:47:58,130 Speaker: there wasn't like, a path 1361 00:47:58,130 --> 00:47:59,550 Speaker: towards becoming a scientist 1362 00:47:59,550 --> 00:48:01,889 Speaker: because it just wasn't a popular 1363 00:48:01,889 --> 00:48:03,289 Speaker: vocation, right. 1364 00:48:03,289 --> 00:48:04,489 Speaker: That long ago. 1365 00:48:04,489 --> 00:48:06,289 Speaker: but he studied a bunch of 1366 00:48:06,289 --> 00:48:07,769 Speaker: different topics and then 1367 00:48:07,769 --> 00:48:09,449 Speaker: started traveling the world and 1368 00:48:09,449 --> 00:48:10,329 Speaker: conducting a bunch of 1369 00:48:10,329 --> 00:48:11,570 Speaker: experiments. 1370 00:48:11,570 --> 00:48:12,090 Speaker: Mhm. 1371 00:48:12,090 --> 00:48:15,889 Speaker: on different topics and different animals. 1372 00:48:15,889 --> 00:48:19,690 Speaker: And wherever he was, he was doing some crazy shit. 1373 00:48:19,690 --> 00:48:21,250 Speaker: Interesting. 1374 00:48:21,250 --> 00:48:24,730 Speaker: his discoveries are blocked into different time periods of what 1375 00:48:24,730 --> 00:48:26,289 Speaker: expedition he was on. 1376 00:48:26,289 --> 00:48:31,690 Speaker: So one of his first ones was that he went to the Americas 1377 00:48:31,690 --> 00:48:35,219 Speaker: visiting mostly like the Spanish Empire at the time there. 1378 00:48:35,219 --> 00:48:35,780 Speaker: Okay. 1379 00:48:35,780 --> 00:48:41,460 Speaker: And a bunch of cool stuff that he did there includes that. 1380 00:48:41,460 --> 00:48:47,619 Speaker: He wrote the first description of this bat like bird species. 1381 00:48:47,619 --> 00:48:53,539 Speaker: Oh, he timed the shocks of an earthquake he experienced. 1382 00:48:53,539 --> 00:48:53,820 Speaker: Wow. 1383 00:48:53,820 --> 00:48:56,820 Speaker: So he's just like, literally observing everything in any kind 1384 00:48:56,820 --> 00:49:01,179 Speaker: of environmentalist, uh, topic. 1385 00:49:01,179 --> 00:49:02,300 Speaker: I know what he is. 1386 00:49:02,300 --> 00:49:03,699 Speaker: What? 1387 00:49:03,699 --> 00:49:06,300 Speaker: Oh, call me enviro wacko. 1388 00:49:06,300 --> 00:49:07,179 Speaker: Oh, yeah. 1389 00:49:07,179 --> 00:49:08,099 Speaker: Absolutely. 1390 00:49:08,099 --> 00:49:09,460 Speaker: He's an enviro wacko. 1391 00:49:09,460 --> 00:49:09,940 Speaker: Yeah. 1392 00:49:09,940 --> 00:49:14,300 Speaker: He was the first to make some detailed maps of different areas 1393 00:49:14,300 --> 00:49:19,260 Speaker: that he visited, and he was the first person to kind of even 1394 00:49:19,260 --> 00:49:23,980 Speaker: speculate on the idea that there was human caused climate change. 1395 00:49:23,980 -->

00:49:24,940 Speaker: Whoa. 1396 00:49:24,940 --> 00:49:27,699 Speaker: He said where? 1397 00:49:27,699 --> 00:49:31,920 Speaker: When forests are destroyed, as they are everywhere in America 1398 00:49:31,920 --> 00:49:35,719 Speaker: by the European planters, the springs are entirely dried up or 1399 00:49:35,719 --> 00:49:37,639 Speaker: become less abundant. 1400 00:49:37,639 --> 00:49:42,619 Speaker: So it's just like things that seem simple ideas now that 1401 00:49:42,619 --> 00:49:49,000 Speaker: humans doing something affects the environment was unheard of, 1402 00:49:49,000 --> 00:49:50,960 Speaker: like ideas at that time. 1403 00:49:50,960 --> 00:49:51,639 Speaker: Yeah. 1404 00:49:53,039 --> 00:49:55,719 Speaker: And oh, I thought this was funny 1405 00:49:55,719 --> 00:49:57,880 Speaker: because he was sort of the 1406 00:49:57,880 --> 00:49:59,619 Speaker: inventor of the idea that trees 1407 00:49:59,619 --> 00:50:00,480 Speaker: are good. 1408 00:50:03,760 --> 00:50:06,159 Speaker: Apparently before him and his 1409 00:50:06,159 --> 00:50:08,119 Speaker: writings, most Europeans thought 1410 00:50:08,119 --> 00:50:10,079 Speaker: that forests were alien, 1411 00:50:10,079 --> 00:50:11,639 Speaker: dangerous wastelands. 1412 00:50:11,639 --> 00:50:12,480 Speaker: Lord help me. 1413 00:50:12,480 --> 00:50:15,880 Speaker: Like just a waste of land doing nothing. 1414 00:50:15,880 --> 00:50:17,920 Speaker: That was what a forest was. 1415 00:50:17,920 --> 00:50:18,639 Speaker: Interesting. 1416 00:50:18,639 --> 00:50:21,199 Speaker: But he speculated that they help 1417 00:50:21,199 --> 00:50:22,480 Speaker: hold the soil together and 1418 00:50:22,480 --> 00:50:23,920 Speaker: prevent flooding. 1419 00:50:23,920 --> 00:50:24,730 Speaker: Mhm. 1420 00:50:24,730 --> 00:50:29,449 Speaker: And he said the wooded region acts in a threefold manner in 1421 00:50:29,449 --> 00:50:32,289 Speaker: diminishing the temperature by cooling shade, by evaporation 1422 00:50:32,289 --> 00:50:34,090 Speaker: and by radiation. 1423 00:50:34,090 --> 00:50:35,750 Speaker: So just this idea that like 1424 00:50:35,750 --> 00:50:36,809 Speaker: trees are good for the 1425 00:50:36,809 --> 00:50:37,849 Speaker: environment. 1426 00:50:39,329 --> 00:50:40,090 Speaker: Wow. 1427 00:50:40,090 --> 00:50:41,889 Speaker: What can be attributed to him? 1428 00:50:41,889 --> 00:50:42,289 Speaker: Yeah. 1429 00:50:42,289 --> 00:50:43,889 Speaker: He did all kinds of experiments 1430 00:50:43,889 --> 00:50:46,809 Speaker: on like the rainforest, a bunch 1431 00:50:46,809 --> 00:50:47,889 Speaker: of different animals in the 1432 00:50:47,889 --> 00:50:48,690 Speaker: rainforest. 1433 00:50:48,690 --> 00:50:51,210 Speaker: He almost killed himself accidentally touching this 1434 00:50:51,210 --> 00:50:54,250 Speaker: poisonous, like plant. 1435 00:50:54,250 --> 00:50:57,210 Speaker: And then describing how local 1436 00:50:57,210 --> 00:50:59,250 Speaker: tribes prepared that as a poison 1437 00:50:59,250 --> 00:51:01,050 Speaker: for blowguns. 1438 00:51:01,050 --> 00:51:03,050 Speaker: And he was like, I almost died. 1439 00:51:03,050 --> 00:51:06,090 Speaker: Oh, you used that, you say? 1440 00:51:07,650 --> 00:51:09,409 Speaker: Yeah. 1441 00:51:09,409 --> 00:51:11,170 Speaker: And just like a whole bunch of stuff, like. 1442 00:51:11,170 --> 00:51:12,690 Speaker: He was just so curious. 1443 00:51:12,690 --> 00:51:15,090 Speaker: It seems like, about the world around him and stuff. 1444 00:51:15,090 --> 00:51:15,889 Speaker: Mhm. 1445 00:51:16,889 --> 00:51:20,659 Speaker: In eighteen oh two, he climbed Embarazo. 1446 00:51:20,659 --> 00:51:24,980 Speaker: This volcano in Ecuador that they thought was the highest 1447 00:51:24,980 --> 00:51:26,780 Speaker: peak in the world at that time. 1448 00:51:26,780 --> 00:51:27,860 Speaker: He didn't get all the way to the 1449 00:51:27,860 --> 00:51:30,480 Speaker: top, but he reached nineteen 1450 00:51:30,480 --> 00:51:31,659 Speaker: thousand four hundred and 1451 00:51:31,659 --> 00:51:32,659 Speaker: thirteen feet. 1452 00:51:32,659 --> 00:51:33,739 Speaker: Just climbing. 1453 00:51:33,739 --> 00:51:35,599 Speaker: that was higher than any human 1454 00:51:35,599 --> 00:51:37,039 Speaker: had ever been, even in hot air 1455 00:51:37,039 --> 00:51:38,320 Speaker: balloon dam. 1456 00:51:39,880 --> 00:51:42,860 Speaker: he also was some what we 1457 00:51:42,860 --> 00:51:45,119 Speaker: consider the creator of the 1458 00:51:45,119 --> 00:51:47,360 Speaker: first infographic. 1459 00:51:47,360 --> 00:51:48,079 Speaker: Okay. 1460 00:51:48,079 --> 00:51:51,739 Speaker: he did a single display, on one 1461 00:51:51,739 --> 00:51:55,059 Speaker: page that visually displayed the 1462 00:51:55,059 --> 00:51:57,179 Speaker: altitude, temperature, humidity 1463 00:51:57,179 --> 00:51:59,539 Speaker: and atmospheric pressure data 1464 00:51:59,539 --> 00:52:02,400 Speaker: along with descriptions of 1465 00:52:02,400 --> 00:52:04,300 Speaker: vegetation and the ecosystem 1466 00:52:04,300 --> 00:52:05,099 Speaker: present. 1467 00:52:05,099 --> 00:52:05,500 Speaker: Okay. 1468 00:52:05,500 --> 00:52:07,380 Speaker: And different animal life. 1469 00:52:07,380 --> 00:52:07,619 Speaker: Yeah. 1470 00:52:07,619 --> 00:52:09,380 Speaker: For this area that he was in. 1471 00:52:09,380 --> 00:52:10,739 Speaker: So he presented all this 1472 00:52:10,739 --> 00:52:12,340 Speaker: information visually in a way 1473 00:52:12,340 --> 00:52:15,900 Speaker: that was not really popular yet 1474 00:52:15,900 --> 00:52:16,320 Speaker: like that. 1475 00:52:16,320 --> 00:52:16,840 Speaker: Yeah. 1476 00:52:16,840 --> 00:52:19,639 Speaker: And yeah, he just was discovering all this random 1477 00:52:19,639 --> 00:52:24,440 Speaker: stuff and, meeting with the presidents different times and 1478 00:52:24,440 --> 00:52:27,639 Speaker: other world leaders and sharing his data

with them. 1479 00:52:27,639 --> 00:52:28,920 Speaker: And he was super famous. 1480 00:52:28,920 --> 00:52:32,820 Speaker: Everybody knew who he was, like maybe one of the first famous 1481 00:52:32,820 --> 00:52:34,900 Speaker: scientists in the world. 1482 00:52:34,900 --> 00:52:35,300 Speaker: Wow. 1483 00:52:35,300 --> 00:52:37,260 Speaker: And everyone thinks he was 1484 00:52:37,260 --> 00:52:38,900 Speaker: probably gay, which is another 1485 00:52:38,900 --> 00:52:39,420 Speaker: fun thing. 1486 00:52:39,420 --> 00:52:39,940 Speaker: Oh, fun. 1487 00:52:39,940 --> 00:52:42,500 Speaker: Because he had all of these travel companions, quote 1488 00:52:42,500 --> 00:52:46,980 Speaker: unquote, he would meet a man on his travels, and then they would 1489 00:52:46,980 --> 00:52:50,019 Speaker: stay traveling together for the next five to ten years. 1490 00:52:50,019 --> 00:52:51,019 Speaker: Right. 1491 00:52:51,019 --> 00:52:54,639 Speaker: Even sharing a room with some of them, sharing a bed. 1492 00:52:54,639 --> 00:52:55,400 Speaker: Just roommates. 1493 00:52:55,400 --> 00:52:56,039 Speaker: Yeah. 1494 00:52:57,840 --> 00:52:59,559 Speaker: Writing letters to each other. 1495 00:52:59,559 --> 00:53:00,960 Speaker: Although most of the letters 1496 00:53:00,960 --> 00:53:02,230 Speaker: that would have been 1497 00:53:02,230 --> 00:53:04,849 Speaker: incriminating were destroyed at 1498 00:53:04,849 --> 00:53:06,130 Speaker: different points in time 1499 00:53:06,130 --> 00:53:08,889 Speaker: because, well, for obvious 1500 00:53:08,889 --> 00:53:09,969 Speaker: reasons. 1501 00:53:09,969 --> 00:53:10,409 Speaker: Yeah. 1502 00:53:10,409 --> 00:53:11,650 Speaker: but yeah, he had one of these 1503 00:53:11,650 --> 00:53:15,070 Speaker: close friends, Simon Bolivar, a 1504 00:53:15,070 --> 00:53:17,010 Speaker: Spanish aristocrat living in 1505 00:53:17,010 --> 00:53:19,989 Speaker: Europe, that was drowning, his 1506 00:53:19,989 --> 00:53:23,530 Speaker: grief from his wife's death by 1507 00:53:23,530 --> 00:53:25,510 Speaker: just partying and drinking and 1508 00:53:25,510 --> 00:53:27,489 Speaker: probably fucking out with 1509 00:53:27,489 --> 00:53:28,130 Speaker: Humboldt. 1510 00:53:28,130 --> 00:53:28,809 Speaker: Yeah. 1511 00:53:31,570 --> 00:53:32,690 Speaker: And, boy. 1512 00:53:32,690 --> 00:53:33,409 Speaker: Mhm. 1513 00:53:34,809 --> 00:53:39,570 Speaker: They went on to, work together and travel together. 1514 00:53:39,570 --> 00:53:43,929 Speaker: And then this guy, Simon Bolivar, He was instrumental in 1515 00:53:43,929 --> 00:53:46,989 Speaker: South American liberation movements at the time. 1516 00:53:46,989 --> 00:53:49,349 Speaker: And so on top of everything else that he was doing. 1517 00:53:49,349 --> 00:53:51,369 Speaker: Alexander von Humboldt also had 1518 00:53:51,369 --> 00:53:54,130 Speaker: a whole military career in the 1519 00:53:54,130 --> 00:53:55,389 Speaker: South American liberation 1520 00:53:55,389 --> 00:53:55,869 Speaker: movement. 1521 00:53:55,869 --> 00:53:56,789 Speaker: Are you serious? 1522 00:53:56,789 --> 00:53:57,829 Speaker: Yeah. 1523 00:53:57,829 --> 00:54:00,389 Speaker: For his gay lover, I guess. 1524 00:54:02,590 --> 00:54:07,650 Speaker: And, he wrote this book, Personal Narrative of Travels to 1525 00:54:07,650 --> 00:54:11,909 Speaker: the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent during the years 1526 00:54:11,909 --> 00:54:13,949 Speaker: seventeen ninety nine to eighteen oh four. 1527 00:54:13,949 --> 00:54:15,349 Speaker: That was the title of the book. 1528 00:54:15,349 --> 00:54:17,150 Speaker: I thought it was a great title. 1529 00:54:17,150 --> 00:54:21,309 Speaker: It became very probably the world's first best seller. 1530 00:54:22,309 --> 00:54:25,349 Speaker: Like everyone was reading this book. 1531 00:54:25,349 --> 00:54:26,829 Speaker: What in the world? 1532 00:54:26,829 --> 00:54:30,389 Speaker: That's the book that Darwin had during his travels. 1533 00:54:30,389 --> 00:54:34,989 Speaker: Darwin said my admiration of his famous personal narrative. 1534 00:54:34,989 --> 00:54:38,190 Speaker: Part of which I almost know by heart, determined me to travel 1535 00:54:38,190 --> 00:54:41,510 Speaker: in different countries and led me to volunteer as a naturalist 1536 00:54:41,510 --> 00:54:43,269 Speaker: in Her Majesty's ship Beagle. 1537 00:54:43,269 --> 00:54:45,550 Speaker: Oh, I've heard of the Beagle. 1538 00:54:45,550 --> 00:54:48,269 Speaker: Yeah, that's Darwin's ship that he went on to. 1539 00:54:48,269 --> 00:54:49,429 Speaker: Why do I know that? 1540 00:54:49,429 --> 00:54:50,190 Speaker: Okay, okay. 1541 00:54:50,190 --> 00:54:50,670 Speaker: Yeah. 1542 00:54:50,670 --> 00:54:54,409 Speaker: just so many things, he lived to 1543 00:54:54,409 --> 00:54:56,630 Speaker: be eighty nine years old, which 1544 00:54:56,630 --> 00:54:57,389 Speaker: is old. 1545 00:54:57,389 --> 00:54:58,230 Speaker: Yeah, yeah. 1546 00:54:58,230 --> 00:55:00,550 Speaker: And he just kept on writing 1547 00:55:00,550 --> 00:55:02,349 Speaker: books and discovering stuff and 1548 00:55:02,349 --> 00:55:04,530 Speaker: doing more travels and, like, 1549 00:55:04,530 --> 00:55:06,670 Speaker: discovering ecological concepts 1550 00:55:06,670 --> 00:55:08,710 Speaker: that are so simplistic now that 1551 00:55:08,710 --> 00:55:10,349 Speaker: I can't even imagine them being 1552 00:55:10,349 --> 00:55:11,230 Speaker: invented. 1553 00:55:11,230 --> 00:55:15,030 Speaker: Like, up until the very last year of his life. 1554 00:55:15,030 --> 00:55:18,110 Speaker: When did like, his name kind of go away? 1555 00:55:18,110 --> 00:55:18,789 Speaker: I don't know. 1556 00:55:18,789 --> 00:55:19,789 Speaker: Isn't it crazy, though? 1557 00:55:19,789 --> 00:55:23,190 Speaker: Like, it's just wild to me to think about how many things are 1558 00:55:23,190 --> 00:55:24,269 Speaker: lost to time. 1559 00:55:24,269 -->

00:55:24,630 Speaker: Yeah. 1560 00:55:24,630 --> 00:55:28,355 Speaker: this is totally unrelated, but, we just went to see the Odyssey. 1561 00:55:28,355 --> 00:55:30,195 Speaker: I don't know if you have seen it or anything. 1562 00:55:30,195 --> 00:55:31,594 Speaker: I haven't seen it yet. 1563 00:55:31,594 --> 00:55:34,474 Speaker: Well, it's based on that, like epic called The Odyssey. 1564 00:55:34,474 --> 00:55:38,594 Speaker: And there's another chapter of that epic called The Iliad. 1565 00:55:38,594 --> 00:55:42,215 Speaker: my partner told me that, that 1566 00:55:42,215 --> 00:55:44,715 Speaker: that's just two out of eight of 1567 00:55:44,715 --> 00:55:47,875 Speaker: the epics that were popular and 1568 00:55:47,875 --> 00:55:49,795 Speaker: passed down verbally at that 1569 00:55:49,795 --> 00:55:50,315 Speaker: time. 1570 00:55:50,315 --> 00:55:55,195 Speaker: But since they were originally verbal histories, verbal stories 1571 00:55:55,195 --> 00:55:58,635 Speaker: passed down, those are the only two that were ever written down, 1572 00:55:58,635 --> 00:56:01,894 Speaker: and the other six that give context to the whole story and 1573 00:56:01,894 --> 00:56:06,355 Speaker: like have other characters and stuff are just gone. 1574 00:56:06,355 --> 00:56:09,894 Speaker: We only find references to them, but we don't know what they said 1575 00:56:09,894 --> 00:56:12,195 Speaker: because we don't have a written version of them. 1576 00:56:12,195 --> 00:56:12,835 Speaker: Wow. 1577 00:56:12,835 --> 00:56:13,594 Speaker: Yeah. 1578 00:56:13,594 --> 00:56:16,355 Speaker: And I started thinking about this when I was thinking about 1579 00:56:16,355 --> 00:56:17,474 Speaker: this Von Humboldt guy. 1580 00:56:17,474 --> 00:56:20,045 Speaker: Like, how is he the most famous person in the world? 1581 00:56:20,045 --> 00:56:21,525 Speaker: And we never fucking heard of him. 1582 00:56:21,525 --> 00:56:23,005 Speaker: We've never heard of him? 1583 00:56:23,005 --> 00:56:26,925 Speaker: No. And I'm a scientist like I should. 1584 00:56:26,925 --> 00:56:28,164 Speaker: And I think we're scientists. 1585 00:56:28,164 --> 00:56:29,644 Speaker: Like, why don't I know? 1586 00:56:29,644 --> 00:56:31,284 Speaker: And we're rather smart. 1587 00:56:31,284 --> 00:56:31,764 Speaker: Yeah. 1588 00:56:31,764 --> 00:56:35,644 Speaker: And we've gone to school quite a bit with quite a bit of science. 1589 00:56:35,644 --> 00:56:37,525 Speaker: I was a teacher like. 1590 00:56:40,844 --> 00:56:42,085 Speaker: I was a science teacher. 1591 00:56:42,085 --> 00:56:43,324 Speaker: Like, how did I not know about 1592 00:56:43,324 --> 00:56:45,405 Speaker: this key figure in biology, 1593 00:56:45,405 --> 00:56:46,664 Speaker: history? 1594 00:56:46,664 --> 00:56:51,105 Speaker: I'm telling you, I'm thinking just Darwin just drown him out. 1595 00:56:51,105 --> 00:56:51,945 Speaker: Yeah, maybe. 1596 00:56:51,945 --> 00:56:53,025 Speaker: I don't know. 1597 00:56:53,025 --> 00:56:56,545 Speaker: He was one of the first people to criticize overusing water 1598 00:56:56,545 --> 00:56:58,545 Speaker: resources for irrigation. 1599 00:56:58,545 --> 00:57:01,105 Speaker: Like so many ecological concepts. 1600 00:57:01,105 --> 00:57:02,764 Speaker: you can originate back to this guy. 1601 00:57:02,764 --> 00:57:03,244 Speaker: Yeah. 1602 00:57:03,244 --> 00:57:03,885 Speaker: That's crazy. 1603 00:57:03,885 --> 00:57:05,565 Speaker: So no wonder he was so famous. 1604 00:57:05,565 --> 00:57:06,724 Speaker: Mhm. 1605 00:57:06,724 --> 00:57:10,065 Speaker: And later in life, Up until just 1606 00:57:10,065 --> 00:57:12,304 Speaker: a month after finishing writing 1607 00:57:12,304 --> 00:57:14,605 Speaker: this thing, he was writing five 1608 00:57:14,605 --> 00:57:17,804 Speaker: books describing the entire 1609 00:57:17,804 --> 00:57:18,625 Speaker: universe. 1610 00:57:18,625 --> 00:57:19,105 Speaker: He just. 1611 00:57:19,105 --> 00:57:21,625 Speaker: He wanted to write a comprehensive description of all 1612 00:57:21,625 --> 00:57:23,864 Speaker: of humanity's knowledge about the physical universe. 1613 00:57:23,864 --> 00:57:25,945 Speaker: Oh, that's a lot. 1614 00:57:25,945 --> 00:57:27,425 Speaker: And he did. 1615 00:57:27,425 --> 00:57:28,144 Speaker: And he finished it. 1616 00:57:28,144 --> 00:57:30,224 Speaker: And then a month later, he died. 1617 00:57:30,224 --> 00:57:31,065 Speaker: Whoa! 1618 00:57:31,065 --> 00:57:31,585 Speaker: Yeah. 1619 00:57:31,585 --> 00:57:32,184 Speaker: Crazy. 1620 00:57:32,184 --> 00:57:32,824 Speaker: Wow. 1621 00:57:32,824 --> 00:57:33,505 Speaker: What a human. 1622 00:57:33,505 --> 00:57:35,184 Speaker: And he was eighty nine years old. 1623 00:57:35,184 --> 00:57:37,065 Speaker: What a human. 1624 00:57:37,065 --> 00:57:38,184 Speaker: What year did he die? 1625 00:57:38,184 --> 00:57:39,344 Speaker: Eighteen fifty nine. 1626 00:57:39,344 --> 00:57:40,264 Speaker: Yeah. 1627 00:57:40,264 --> 00:57:43,625 Speaker: So he was long enough ago for us to not know about him. 1628 00:57:43,625 --> 00:57:43,905 Speaker: Yeah. 1629 00:57:43,905 --> 00:57:45,905 Speaker: Like we know other people from that long ago. 1630 00:57:45,905 --> 00:57:47,505 Speaker: Other scientists and stuff. 1631 00:57:47,505 --> 00:57:48,505 Speaker: Yeah. 1632 00:57:48,505 --> 00:57:50,184 Speaker: Why don't we know this famous guy? 1633 00:57:50,184 --> 00:57:50,864 Speaker: I don't know. 1634 00:57:50,864 --> 00:57:52,144 Speaker: So weird. 1635 00:57:52,144 --> 00:57:53,344 Speaker: Never heard of him. 1636 00:57:53,344 --> 00:57:53,864 Speaker: Yeah. 1637 00:57:53,864 --> 00:57:57,775 Speaker: Historians widely think that he was lovers with all these men 1638 00:57:57,775 --> 00:57:58,755 Speaker: that he traveled with. 1639 00:57:58,755 --> 00:57:59,715 Speaker: There were a few other ones. 1640 00:57:59,715 --> 00:58:04,155 Speaker: I didn't mention their names, but there was one

that he would 1641 00:58:04,155 --> 00:58:05,275 Speaker: exchange letters with. 1642 00:58:05,275 --> 00:58:06,315 Speaker: There was one that. 1643 00:58:06,315 --> 00:58:07,534 Speaker: There was evidence that they 1644 00:58:07,534 --> 00:58:08,795 Speaker: slept in a one bedroom 1645 00:58:08,795 --> 00:58:09,715 Speaker: apartment. 1646 00:58:09,715 --> 00:58:11,355 Speaker: Mhm. 1647 00:58:11,355 --> 00:58:15,914 Speaker: He would just like, you know, like a man and then travel with 1648 00:58:15,914 --> 00:58:17,835 Speaker: him for a decade. 1649 00:58:17,835 --> 00:58:19,315 Speaker: They became like groupies. 1650 00:58:19,315 --> 00:58:20,114 Speaker: Mhm. 1651 00:58:20,114 --> 00:58:24,635 Speaker: But but there were a bunch of these men, like he was prolific. 1652 00:58:24,635 --> 00:58:27,195 Speaker: I guess he was a celebrity, so why not? 1653 00:58:27,195 --> 00:58:27,875 Speaker: Right. 1654 00:58:27,875 --> 00:58:29,594 Speaker: Yeah, exactly. 1655 00:58:29,594 --> 00:58:30,114 Speaker: That's what I said. 1656 00:58:30,114 --> 00:58:31,074 Speaker: He had groupies. 1657 00:58:31,074 --> 00:58:31,755 Speaker: Yeah. 1658 00:58:31,755 --> 00:58:32,514 Speaker: Totally. 1659 00:58:32,514 --> 00:58:32,875 Speaker: Totally. 1660 00:58:32,875 --> 00:58:33,795 Speaker: Traveled with them. 1661 00:58:33,795 --> 00:58:34,954 Speaker: They went on tour. 1662 00:58:34,954 --> 00:58:36,355 Speaker: They were on tour with them. 1663 00:58:36,355 --> 00:58:40,074 Speaker: Literally the tour of the world. 1664 00:58:40,074 --> 00:58:41,114 Speaker: That's funny. 1665 00:58:41,114 --> 00:58:44,355 Speaker: My favorite thing is that someone had to invent the idea 1666 00:58:44,355 --> 00:58:46,034 Speaker: that trees are good. 1667 00:58:46,034 --> 00:58:49,155 Speaker: Yeah, I have an idea. 1668 00:58:51,405 --> 00:58:53,684 Speaker: Let's see these tree things. 1669 00:58:53,684 --> 00:58:54,724 Speaker: They're good. 1670 00:58:54,724 --> 00:58:55,885 Speaker: They're all over the place. 1671 00:58:55,885 --> 00:58:57,764 Speaker: They must be here for a reason, right? 1672 00:58:57,764 --> 00:58:59,085 Speaker: All over the place. 1673 00:58:59,085 --> 00:59:00,644 Speaker: There's so many. 1674 00:59:00,644 --> 00:59:02,565 Speaker: Things look so green and nice 1675 00:59:02,565 --> 00:59:03,684 Speaker: and plentiful when they're 1676 00:59:03,684 --> 00:59:04,844 Speaker: around. 1677 00:59:04,844 --> 00:59:06,405 Speaker: That's funny. 1678 00:59:06,405 --> 00:59:07,925 Speaker: So, yeah, I just. 1679 00:59:07,925 --> 00:59:08,405 Speaker: Cool. 1680 00:59:08,405 --> 00:59:09,864 Speaker: I like to tell you about this 1681 00:59:09,864 --> 00:59:10,885 Speaker: famous guy that we've never 1682 00:59:10,885 --> 00:59:11,324 Speaker: heard of. 1683 00:59:11,324 --> 00:59:12,405 Speaker: Yeah. 1684 00:59:12,405 --> 00:59:13,005 Speaker: Very good. 1685 00:59:13,005 --> 00:59:14,565 Speaker: And I think it tied in. 1686 00:59:14,565 --> 00:59:14,885 Speaker: Right. 1687 00:59:14,885 --> 00:59:15,644 Speaker: That's what I'm saying. 1688 00:59:15,644 --> 00:59:17,605 Speaker: It was like about ecology and stuff. 1689 00:59:17,605 --> 00:59:21,925 Speaker: I think he would find the Amur tiger pretty interesting. 1690 00:59:21,925 --> 00:59:22,204 Speaker: Yeah. 1691 00:59:22,204 --> 00:59:23,445 Speaker: Do you think he would have 1692 00:59:23,445 --> 00:59:26,005 Speaker: interrupted the Amur tigers meal 1693 00:59:26,005 --> 00:59:27,724 Speaker: and shot him and stolen his 1694 00:59:27,724 --> 00:59:28,085 Speaker: food? 1695 00:59:28,085 --> 00:59:28,565 Speaker: I don't. 1696 00:59:28,565 --> 00:59:30,164 Speaker: I don't think he would have. 1697 00:59:30,164 --> 00:59:31,565 Speaker: No, I don't think so. 1698 00:59:31,565 --> 00:59:33,364 Speaker: I think he would have known better than that. 1699 00:59:33,364 --> 00:59:33,724 Speaker: Yeah. 1700 00:59:33,724 --> 00:59:34,445 Speaker: Yeah. 1701 00:59:35,644 --> 00:59:36,045 Speaker: All right. 1702 00:59:36,045 --> 00:59:36,525 Speaker: Well. 1703 00:59:36,525 --> 00:59:42,644 Speaker: If we met you on our first ever live appearance. 1704 00:59:42,644 --> 00:59:43,204 Speaker: Yes. 1705 00:59:43,204 --> 00:59:44,005 Speaker: That was so fun. 1706 00:59:44,005 --> 00:59:47,425 Speaker: Public was very nice meeting you. 1707 00:59:47,425 --> 00:59:49,344 Speaker: Thank you for coming and talking to us. 1708 00:59:49,344 --> 00:59:56,085 Speaker: We will likely do more live appearances somewhere in the 1709 00:59:56,085 --> 00:59:57,304 Speaker: city we're in. 1710 00:59:59,224 --> 01:00:01,505 Speaker: They know that we are in Tampa. 1711 01:00:01,505 --> 01:00:01,985 Speaker: Okay. 1712 01:00:01,985 --> 01:00:03,824 Speaker: I regret to inform you. 1713 01:00:05,425 --> 01:00:09,144 Speaker: Well, we'll probably be out and about in the community in Tampa 1714 01:00:09,144 --> 01:00:10,625 Speaker: Bay another time. 1715 01:00:10,625 --> 01:00:11,184 Speaker: Yeah. 1716 01:00:11,184 --> 01:00:14,105 Speaker: So look, look out on, Instagram. 1717 01:00:14,105 --> 01:00:16,505 Speaker: Maybe we'll give a hint if we're 1718 01:00:16,505 --> 01:00:17,465 Speaker: going to be out there in the 1719 01:00:17,465 --> 01:00:18,184 Speaker: wild. 1720 01:00:18,184 --> 01:00:18,704 Speaker: Yeah. 1721 01:00:18,704 --> 01:00:19,465 Speaker: Come meet us. 1722 01:00:19,465 --> 01:00:20,065 Speaker: Come meet us. 1723 01:00:20,065 --> 01:00:21,105 Speaker: We're pretty cool. 1724 01:00:21,105 --> 01:00:24,025 Speaker: And otherwise, keep listening. 1725 01:00:24,025 --> 01:00:24,905 Speaker: Keep listening. 1726 01:00:24,905 --> 01:00:26,144 Speaker: Share on Instagram. 1727 01:00:26,144 --> 01:00:27,505 Speaker: Share, subscribe. 1728 01:00:27,505 --> 01:00:31,025 Speaker: Tell your friends how much you love us again. 1729 01:00:31,025 --> 01:00:34,224 Speaker: Shoot us a message somehow and we'll shout you out. 1730 01:00:34,224 --> 01:00:35,304 Speaker: Yeah, absolutely. 1731 01:00:35,304 --> 01:00:36,545 Speaker: All right. 1732 01:00:36,545 --> 01:00:36,945 Speaker: Okay. 1733 01:00:36,945 --> 01:00:38,585 Speaker: We'll be back in a couple weeks. 1734 01:00:38,585 --> 01:00:39,784 Speaker: Bye bye.